Jump to content

Abyotawit Seded: Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
m Fixed grammar
Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|1976–1979 communist political party in Ethiopia}}
{{short description|1976–1979 communist political party in Ethiopia}}
{{Infobox political party
{{Infobox political party
| name =
| name = Revolutionary Flame
| native_name = አብዮታዊ ሰደድ
| logo =
| colorcode = #FF0000
| logo_alt =
⚫
| founder = [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]
| colorcode = <!-- HTML color code (e.g. "red", "#FF0000" or Party metadata color template) otherwise "transparent" -->
⚫
| founded = 1976
| leader =
⚫
| successor = [[Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations|Imaledih]]
| president =
⚫
| dissolved = 1979
| chairperson =
| ideology = [[Communism]]<br>[[Marxism–Leninism]]
| secretary =
⚫
| country = Ethiopia
| general_secretary =
| first_secretary =
| secretary_general =
| presidium =
| governing_body =
| standing_committee =
| spokesperson =
⚫
| founder = [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]
⚫
| founded = 1976
⚫
| successor = [[Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations]]
⚫
| dissolved = 1979
| headquarters =
| ideology = [[Marxist-Leninism]]
| international =
| website =
⚫
| country = Ethiopia
}}
}}
'''Abyotawit Seded''' ({{lang-am|አብዮታዊ ሰደድ}}, 'Revolutionary Flame', 'Seded' for short) was a communist organization in [[Ethiopia]], formed in 1976 by a group of officers of the [[Derg]] military junta who had attended political trainings in the [[Soviet Union]] from 1975 and onwards.<ref name="clap67"/>
'''Abyotawit Seded''' ({{langx|am|አብዮታዊ ሰደድ}}, 'Revolutionary Flame', 'Seded' for short) was a communist organization in [[Ethiopia]], formed in 1976 by a group of officers of the [[Derg]] military junta who had attended political trainings in the [[Soviet Union]] from 1975 and onwards.<ref name="clap67"/>
==History==
==History==
Seded was set up in August 1976 by [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]] and 15 other Derg members.<ref name="shinn"/> Mengistu was the titular chairman of Seded. The key organizer of the group was, however, Legasse Asfew (a former sergeant).<ref name="clap67"/> The political programme of the group was elaborated at the time of its founding.<ref>Tiruneh, Andargachew. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ABbnAd0oWokC&pg=PA133 The Ethiopian Revolution 1974-1987 : a Transformation from an Aristocratic to a Totalitarian]''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1995. p. 133</ref> Through the launching of Seded, Mengistu hoped to be able to challenge the influence of the [[All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement]] (Meison) in the urban dwellers' associations (''[[kebele]]s'').<ref name="shinn">Shinn, David H., and Thomas P. Ofcansky. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ep7__RWqq4IC&pg=PA344 Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia]''. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2004. p. 344</ref><ref>Clapham, Christopher, and George D. E. Philip. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VNgNAAAAQAAJ The Political Dilemmas of Military Regimes]''. London: Croom Helm, 1985. p. 272</ref>
Seded was set up in August 1976 by [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]] and 15 other Derg members.<ref name="shinn"/> Mengistu was the titular chairman of Seded. The key organizer of the group was, however, Legasse Asfew (a former sergeant).<ref name="clap67"/> The political programme of the group was elaborated at the time of its founding.<ref>Tiruneh, Andargachew. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ABbnAd0oWokC&pg=PA133 The Ethiopian Revolution 1974-1987 : a Transformation from an Aristocratic to a Totalitarian]''. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1995. p. 133</ref> Through the launching of Seded, Mengistu hoped to be able to challenge the influence of the [[All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement]] (Meison) in the urban dwellers' associations (''[[kebele]]s'').<ref name="shinn">Shinn, David H., and Thomas P. Ofcansky. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ep7__RWqq4IC&pg=PA344 Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia]''. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2004. p. 344</ref><ref>Clapham, Christopher, and George D. E. Philip. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VNgNAAAAQAAJ The Political Dilemmas of Military Regimes]''. London: Croom Helm, 1985. p. 272</ref>
Line 36: Line 21:
The Derg was suspicious of Meison influence in different sectors (such as education), and Seded sought to displace Meison as the chief political adviser to Derg.<ref name="revo">Keller, Edmond J. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2ts7ErVABO0C&pg=PA199 Revolutionary Ethiopia: From Empire to People's Republic]''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988. p. 199</ref> Seded would function as the key instrument of the Derg to gain control over the [[Provisional Office for Mass Organizational Affairs]] (POMOA). However, the admission of Seded into POMOA caused dissent in the coalition. Meison and Ichat saw the entry of Seded as a threat to their own control over the structure. Malerid and Waz League, on the other hand, supported the entry of Seded as a counterweight to Meison and Ichat.<ref name="clap67"/> Seded obtained 4 of the 15 seats in the POMOA Central Committee.<ref name="clap67"/><ref>Mammo, Tirfe. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-X_SuY5cteYC&pg=PA137 The Paradox of Africa's Poverty: The Role of Indigenous Knowledge, Traditional Practices and Local Institutions: the Case of Ethiopia]''. Lawrenceville, NJ [u.a.]: Red Sea Press, 1999. p. 137</ref>
The Derg was suspicious of Meison influence in different sectors (such as education), and Seded sought to displace Meison as the chief political adviser to Derg.<ref name="revo">Keller, Edmond J. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2ts7ErVABO0C&pg=PA199 Revolutionary Ethiopia: From Empire to People's Republic]''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988. p. 199</ref> Seded would function as the key instrument of the Derg to gain control over the [[Provisional Office for Mass Organizational Affairs]] (POMOA). However, the admission of Seded into POMOA caused dissent in the coalition. Meison and Ichat saw the entry of Seded as a threat to their own control over the structure. Malerid and Waz League, on the other hand, supported the entry of Seded as a counterweight to Meison and Ichat.<ref name="clap67"/> Seded obtained 4 of the 15 seats in the POMOA Central Committee.<ref name="clap67"/><ref>Mammo, Tirfe. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-X_SuY5cteYC&pg=PA137 The Paradox of Africa's Poverty: The Role of Indigenous Knowledge, Traditional Practices and Local Institutions: the Case of Ethiopia]''. Lawrenceville, NJ [u.a.]: Red Sea Press, 1999. p. 137</ref>


By 1977 thousands of Ethiopian military personnel had passed through training courses in the Soviet Union, East Germany, Bulgaria, Cuba Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. The graduates of these courses formed the bulks of the followers of Seded.<ref name="shinn"/><ref>Clapham Christopher. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LeszAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA224 Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. p. 224</ref><ref>Clapham, Christopher, and George D. E. Philip. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VNgNAAAAQAAJ The Political Dilemmas of Military Regimes]''. London: Croom Helm, 1985. p. 272</ref> But Seded also won support amongst high-level civil servants, who either felt threatened by the influence of Meison, supported the intervention of the army into politics or had links to Derg officials.<ref>Ottaway, Marina, and David Ottaway. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=U6VyAAAAMAAJ Ethiopia: Empire in Revolution]''. New York: Africana Pub. Co, 1978. p. 188</ref>
By 1977, thousands of Ethiopian military personnel had passed through training courses in the Soviet Union, East Germany, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. The graduates of these courses formed the bulks of the followers of Seded.<ref name="shinn"/><ref>Clapham Christopher. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LeszAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA224 Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. p. 224</ref><ref>Clapham, Christopher, and George D. E. Philip. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VNgNAAAAQAAJ The Political Dilemmas of Military Regimes]''. London: Croom Helm, 1985. p. 272</ref> But Seded also won support amongst high-level civil servants, who either felt threatened by the influence of Meison, supported the intervention of the army into politics or had links to Derg officials.<ref>Ottaway, Marina, and David Ottaway. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=U6VyAAAAMAAJ Ethiopia: Empire in Revolution]''. New York: Africana Pub. Co, 1978. p. 188</ref>


On February 26, 1977 Seded, Meison and three other organizations (Ichat, Malerid and Waz League) founded the [[Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations]].<ref name="singh">Harjinder Singh. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6lWNdA89xC4C&pg=PA187 Agricultural Problems in Ethiopia]''. Delhi, India: Gian Pub. House, 1987. p. 187</ref><ref name="ae">Uhlig, Siegbert. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=l4WUdKWGcYsC&pg=PA668 Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 3 He - N]''. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2007. 668</ref><ref>Eide, Øyvind M. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7NsmAQAAIAAJ Revolution and Religion in Ethiopia: A Study of Church and Politics with Special Reference to the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus 1974-1985]''. Uppsala: [Svenska institutet för missionsforskning], Univ, 1996. p. 180</ref> These were the same organizations that were members of POMOA.<ref name="hai">Haile-Selassie, Teferra. The Ethiopian Revolution, 1974-1991: From a Monarchical Autocracy to a Military Oligarchy. London [u.a.]: Kegan Paul Internat, 1997. pp. 230-231</ref><ref name="clap67"/>
On February 26, 1977 Seded, Meison and three other organizations (Ichat, Malerid and Waz League) founded the [[Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations]].<ref name="singh">Harjinder Singh. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6lWNdA89xC4C&pg=PA187 Agricultural Problems in Ethiopia]''. Delhi, India: Gian Pub. House, 1987. p. 187</ref><ref name="ae">Uhlig, Siegbert. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=l4WUdKWGcYsC&pg=PA668 Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 3 He - N]''. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2007. 668</ref><ref>Eide, Øyvind M. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7NsmAQAAIAAJ Revolution and Religion in Ethiopia: A Study of Church and Politics with Special Reference to the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus 1974-1985]''. Uppsala: [Svenska institutet för missionsforskning], Univ, 1996. p. 180</ref> These were the same organizations that were members of POMOA.<ref name="hai">Haile-Selassie, Teferra. The Ethiopian Revolution, 1974-1991: From a Monarchical Autocracy to a Military Oligarchy. London [u.a.]: Kegan Paul Internat, 1997. pp. 230-231</ref><ref name="clap67"/>
Line 44: Line 29:
After the elimination of Meison and Ichat, Seded was the largest political organization in the pro-Derg coalition.<ref>Connell, Dan. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=RUlXLoWw5rgC&pg=PA250 Taking on the Superpowers: Collected Articles on the Eritrean Revolution, 1976-1982]''. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2003. p. 250</ref> A Seded cadre, Lt. Desta Tadesse, was named as the general secretary of POMOA.<ref name="clap67"/>
After the elimination of Meison and Ichat, Seded was the largest political organization in the pro-Derg coalition.<ref>Connell, Dan. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=RUlXLoWw5rgC&pg=PA250 Taking on the Superpowers: Collected Articles on the Eritrean Revolution, 1976-1982]''. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2003. p. 250</ref> A Seded cadre, Lt. Desta Tadesse, was named as the general secretary of POMOA.<ref name="clap67"/>


In the second half of 1978 suspicions were raised that the Waz League had infiltrated Seded and come to occupy leading posts in Seded, leading to a break with the Waz League as well. It was, however, unlikely that the Waz League would have been able to penetrate the inner circle of military leaders of Seded.<ref name="clap67">Clapham Christopher. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LeszAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA67 Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. pp. 67-69</ref> In 1979, Seded was legally disbanded.<ref name="mp">Milkias, Paulos. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hPVyAAAAMAAJ Haile Selassie, Western Education, and Political Revolution in Ethiopia]''. Youngstown, N.Y.: Cambria Press, 2006. p. 266</ref>
In the second half of 1978, suspicions were raised that the Waz League had infiltrated Seded and come to occupy leading posts in Seded, leading to a break with the Waz League as well. It was, however, unlikely that the Waz League would have been able to penetrate the inner circle of military leaders of Seded.<ref name="clap67">Clapham Christopher. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LeszAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA67 Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia]''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. pp. 67-69</ref> In 1979, Seded was legally disbanded.<ref name="mp">Milkias, Paulos. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hPVyAAAAMAAJ Haile Selassie, Western Education, and Political Revolution in Ethiopia]''. Youngstown, N.Y.: Cambria Press, 2006. p. 266</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 05:59, 4 December 2024

Revolutionary Flame
አብዮታዊ ሰደድ
FounderMengistu Haile Mariam
Founded1976
Dissolved1979
Succeeded byImaledih
IdeologyCommunism
Marxism–Leninism

Abyotawit Seded (Amharic: አብዮታዊ ሰደድ, 'Revolutionary Flame', 'Seded' for short) was a communist organization in Ethiopia, formed in 1976 by a group of officers of the Derg military junta who had attended political trainings in the Soviet Union from 1975 and onwards.[1]

History

[edit]

Seded was set up in August 1976 by Mengistu Haile Mariam and 15 other Derg members.[2] Mengistu was the titular chairman of Seded. The key organizer of the group was, however, Legasse Asfew (a former sergeant).[1] The political programme of the group was elaborated at the time of its founding.[3] Through the launching of Seded, Mengistu hoped to be able to challenge the influence of the All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement (Meison) in the urban dwellers' associations (kebeles).[2][4]

Seded was a clandestine group, known by the name of its publication.[5] The existence of Seded was never publicly acknowledged.[6]

Regarding the national question Seded recognized the right to national self-determination in principle, but saw practical constraints for its implementation.[7]

The Derg was suspicious of Meison influence in different sectors (such as education), and Seded sought to displace Meison as the chief political adviser to Derg.[8] Seded would function as the key instrument of the Derg to gain control over the Provisional Office for Mass Organizational Affairs (POMOA). However, the admission of Seded into POMOA caused dissent in the coalition. Meison and Ichat saw the entry of Seded as a threat to their own control over the structure. Malerid and Waz League, on the other hand, supported the entry of Seded as a counterweight to Meison and Ichat.[1] Seded obtained 4 of the 15 seats in the POMOA Central Committee.[1][9]

By 1977, thousands of Ethiopian military personnel had passed through training courses in the Soviet Union, East Germany, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. The graduates of these courses formed the bulks of the followers of Seded.[2][10][11] But Seded also won support amongst high-level civil servants, who either felt threatened by the influence of Meison, supported the intervention of the army into politics or had links to Derg officials.[12]

On February 26, 1977 Seded, Meison and three other organizations (Ichat, Malerid and Waz League) founded the Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations.[13][14][15] These were the same organizations that were members of POMOA.[16][1]

After the split between Meison and the Derg in August 1977 a series of Meison leaders were assassinated. Seded members were suspected of being behind these killings. Seded cadres were placed in the leadership of institutions such as the Yekatit '66 Political School, which had been under the control of Meison.[1] But whereas the top leaders of Meison were killed, many second-rank cadres of Meison joined Seded and obtained prominent government positions.[17]

After the elimination of Meison and Ichat, Seded was the largest political organization in the pro-Derg coalition.[18] A Seded cadre, Lt. Desta Tadesse, was named as the general secretary of POMOA.[1]

In the second half of 1978, suspicions were raised that the Waz League had infiltrated Seded and come to occupy leading posts in Seded, leading to a break with the Waz League as well. It was, however, unlikely that the Waz League would have been able to penetrate the inner circle of military leaders of Seded.[1] In 1979, Seded was legally disbanded.[19]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Clapham Christopher. Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. pp. 67-69
  2. ^ a b c Shinn, David H., and Thomas P. Ofcansky. Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2004. p. 344
  3. ^ Tiruneh, Andargachew. The Ethiopian Revolution 1974-1987 : a Transformation from an Aristocratic to a Totalitarian. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, 1995. p. 133
  4. ^ Clapham, Christopher, and George D. E. Philip. The Political Dilemmas of Military Regimes. London: Croom Helm, 1985. p. 272
  5. ^ Tadesse, Kiflu. Ethiopia Transformation and Conflict. Silver Spring, Md: K & S Distributors [u.a.], 1998. p. 109
  6. ^ Ottaway, Marina, and David Ottaway. Ethiopia: Empire in Revolution. New York: Africana Pub. Co, 1978. p. 187
  7. ^ Clapham Christopher. Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. pp. 198-199
  8. ^ Keller, Edmond J. Revolutionary Ethiopia: From Empire to People's Republic. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988. p. 199
  9. ^ Mammo, Tirfe. The Paradox of Africa's Poverty: The Role of Indigenous Knowledge, Traditional Practices and Local Institutions: the Case of Ethiopia. Lawrenceville, NJ [u.a.]: Red Sea Press, 1999. p. 137
  10. ^ Clapham Christopher. Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. p. 224
  11. ^ Clapham, Christopher, and George D. E. Philip. The Political Dilemmas of Military Regimes. London: Croom Helm, 1985. p. 272
  12. ^ Ottaway, Marina, and David Ottaway. Ethiopia: Empire in Revolution. New York: Africana Pub. Co, 1978. p. 188
  13. ^ Harjinder Singh. Agricultural Problems in Ethiopia. Delhi, India: Gian Pub. House, 1987. p. 187
  14. ^ Uhlig, Siegbert. Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 3 He - N. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2007. 668
  15. ^ Eide, Øyvind M. Revolution and Religion in Ethiopia: A Study of Church and Politics with Special Reference to the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus 1974-1985. Uppsala: [Svenska institutet för missionsforskning], Univ, 1996. p. 180
  16. ^ Haile-Selassie, Teferra. The Ethiopian Revolution, 1974-1991: From a Monarchical Autocracy to a Military Oligarchy. London [u.a.]: Kegan Paul Internat, 1997. pp. 230-231
  17. ^ Marcus, Harold G. A History of Ethiopia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. p. 200
  18. ^ Connell, Dan. Taking on the Superpowers: Collected Articles on the Eritrean Revolution, 1976-1982. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2003. p. 250
  19. ^ Milkias, Paulos. Haile Selassie, Western Education, and Political Revolution in Ethiopia. Youngstown, N.Y.: Cambria Press, 2006. p. 266
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Abyotawit_Seded&oldid=1261092556"