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{{Short description|Fictional character by Colin Dexter}}
''Were you looking for [[Morse code]]?''
{{About|the fictional character|the TV series|Inspector Morse (TV series){{!}}''Inspector Morse'' (TV series)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Detective Chief Inspector Morse
| first = 1975: novel'' [[Last Bus to Woodstock]]''
| lbl32 = Born
| data32 = 1930<ref>"Dexter said that Morse would be turning 70 next year [2000]", from: {{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/art-mirrors-life-as-inspector-morse-is-finally-defeated-by-drinking-and-diabetes-1119356.html|title=Art mirrors life, as Inspector Morse is finally defeated by drinking|website=[[Independent.co.uk]]|date=4 October 2015|access-date=15 November 2018}}</ref> (television: 1938)
| lbl33 = Died
| data33 = 1999: novel ''[[The Remorseful Day]]'' (television: 2000)
| lbl1 = Appears in
| data1 = 13 novels (1975–1999) <br>[[Inspector Morse (TV series)|''Inspector Morse'' television series]] (1987–2000)<br>[[Endeavour (TV series)|''Endeavour'' television series]] (2012–2023)
| creator = [[Colin Dexter]]
| portrayer = [[John Thaw]] (television) (1987–2000)<br>[[Shaun Evans]] (television) (2012–2023)
| lbl2 = Also portrayed by
| data2 = [[Andrew Burt]] (BBC Radio) (1985)<br>[[John Shrapnel]] (BBC Radio) (1992–96)<br>[[Colin Baker]] (stage) (2010)<br>[[Neil Pearson]] (BBC Radio) (2017)
| title = [[Detective Chief Inspector]]
| nationality = British
| lbl31 = Decorations
| data31 = [[George Medal]] (television 1967)
| family = Cyril Morse (father)<br>Constance Morse (mother)<br>Gwen Morse (stepmother)<br>Joyce Garrett (née Morse) (half-sister)
| relatives = Keith Garrett (brother-in-law)<br>Marilyn Garrett (half-niece)<br>Wayne Garrett (half-nephew)
| lbl34 = Alma mater
| data34 = [[St John's College, Oxford]]
}}


[[Detective]] [[Chief Inspector]] '''Endeavour Morse''', [[George Medal|GM]], is the eponymous fictional character in the series of [[detective novel]]s by British author [[Colin Dexter]]. On television, he appears in the 33-episode drama series ''[[Inspector Morse (TV series)|Inspector Morse]]'' (1987–2000), in which [[John Thaw]] played the character, as well as the (2012–2023) [[prequel]] series ''[[Endeavour (TV series)|Endeavour]]'', portrayed by [[Shaun Evans]]. The older Morse is a senior [[Criminal Investigation Department]] (CID) officer with the [[Thames Valley Police]] in [[Oxford, England|Oxford]] in [[England]] and, in the prequel, Morse is a young detective constable rising through the ranks with the [[Oxford City Police]] and, in later series, the Thames Valley Police.
-----


Morse presents, to some, a reasonably sympathetic personality, despite his sullen and snobbish temperament, with a classic [[Jaguar Mark 2]] (a [[Lancia]] in the early novels), a thirst for English [[real ale]], and a love of classical music (especially opera and [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]]), poetry, art and cryptic crossword puzzles. In his later career, he is usually assisted by [[Inspector Lewis|Sergeant Robbie Lewis]]. Morse's partnership and formal friendship with Lewis is fundamental to the series.
Detective Chief Inspector '''Endeavour Morse''' is a [[fictional character]], who features in a series of thirteen [[detective novel]]s by [[United Kingdom|British]] [[author]] [[Colin Dexter]]. He is a senior [[CID]] officer with the [[Thames Valley Police]] in [[Oxford]], England. His first name was kept a secret until the end of ''Death is Now My Neighbour''. The origin of his name is the vessel [[HM Bark Endeavour]], as Morse's father was supposed to be a fan of [[James Cook|Captain James Cook]].


==Biography==
The titles are:
* ''Last Bus to Woodstock'', [[1975]]
* ''Last Seen Wearing'', [[1976]]
* ''Silent World of Nicholas Quinn'', [[1977]]
* ''Service of All the Dead'', [[1979]]
* ''The Dead of Jericho'', [[1981]]
* ''The Riddle of the Third Mile'', [[1983]]
* ''The Secret of Annexe 3'', [[1986]]
* ''The Wench is Dead'', [[1989]]
* ''The Jewel That Was Ours'', [[1991]]
* ''The Way Through the Woods'', [[1992]]
* ''The Daughters of Cain'', [[1994]]
* ''Death is Now My Neighbour'', [[1996]]
* ''The Remorseful Day: The Final Inspector Morse Novel'', [[2000]]


===Family===
Inspector Morse also appears in several stories in Dexter's short story collection, ''Morse's Greatest Mystery and Other Stories'' ([[1993]], expanded edition [[1994]]).
Morse's father was a taxi driver. In the episode of the television adaptation ''[[Cherubim and Seraphim (Inspector Morse episode)|Cherubim and Seraphim]]'', it is revealed that Morse's parents divorced when he was 12. He remained with his mother until her death three years later, upon which he had to return to his father. Morse had a dreadful relationship with his stepmother Gwen. He claims that he only read poetry to annoy her, and that her petty bullying almost drove him to suicide. He has a half-sister named Joyce with whom he is on better terms. Morse was devastated when Joyce's daughter Marilyn took her own life.


Morse prefers to use only his surname, and is generally evasive when asked about his first name, sometimes joking that it is ''Inspector''. In ''The Dead of Jericho'' and ''The Wench Is Dead'' it is noted that his initial is E.<ref>''[[The Dead of Jericho]]'', chapter 7.</ref><ref>''[[The Wench Is Dead]]'', chapter 1.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/21/books/colin-dexter-dead-creator-of-inspector-morse.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/21/books/colin-dexter-dead-creator-of-inspector-morse.html |archive-date=2022-01-03 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Colin Dexter, 86, Dies; Creator of Inspector Morse, a Sleuth on Page and Screen|newspaper=The New York Times|date=22 March 2017|access-date=15 November 2018|last1=Grimes|first1=William}}{{cbignore}}</ref> At the end of ''[[Death Is Now My Neighbour]]'', his name is revealed to be Endeavour.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/colin-dexter-obituary-inspector-morse-oxford-whodunit-crime-writer-a7642411.html|title=Colin Dexter obituary: Inspector Morse creator and one of the great whodunit men|date=21 March 2017|website=The Independent|access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref> Two-thirds of the way through the television episode based on the book, he gives the cryptic clue "My whole life's effort has revolved around Eve, nine letters".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0611637/|title=Death Is Now My Neighbour|date=19 November 1997|via=IMDb}}</ref> In the series, it is noted that Morse's reluctance to use his Christian name led to his receiving the nickname ''Pagan'' while at [[Stamford School]] (which [[Colin Dexter]], the author of the Morse novels, attended).<ref name="auto"/> In the novels, Morse's first name came from the vessel [[HMS Endeavour|HMS ''Endeavour'']]; his mother was a member of the Religious Society of Friends ([[Quakers]]) who have a tradition of "[[virtue name]]s", and his father admired [[James Cook|Captain James Cook]].<ref name="nytimes.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/26/tv/behind-morse-the-dour-dignified-detective.html|title=Behind Morse, the Dour, Dignified Detective|newspaper=The New York Times|date=26 January 1997|last1=Gussow|first1=Mel}}</ref>
Dexter killed Morse in his last book, and has thus far shown no sign of resurrecting him &ndash; unlike [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], who killed his main character only to have to bring him back to life.


Dexter was a fan of cryptic crosswords and named Morse after champion setter [[Jeremy Morse]], one of Dexter's arch-rivals in writing crossword clues.<ref>Colin Dexter in ''Super Sleuths: Inspector Morse''. Director: Katie Kinnaird</ref> Dexter used to walk along the bank of the [[River Thames]] at Oxford, opposite the boathouse belonging to 22nd Oxford Sea Scout Group; the building is named ''[[Training ship|T.S.]] Endeavour''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Oxford of Inspector Morse: Dreaming spires, dead bodies... and lots and lots of pubs |date=18 August 2018 |url=https://www.countrylife.co.uk/out-and-about/theatre-film-music/oxford-inspector-morse-dreaming-spires-dead-bodies-lots-lots-pubs-182670}}</ref>
The Inspector Morse novels have been made into a very successful [[TV series]] (also called ''Inspector Morse'') for the British TV channel [[ITV]]. The series was made by Zenith Productions for [[Central Independent Television|Central]] (a company later acquired by [[Carlton Television|Carlton]].) The series comprises 33 two-hour episodes (100 minutes excluding commercials) &ndash; twenty more episodes than there are novels &ndash; produced between [[1987]] and [[2001]]. The final episode was of course adapted from the final novel. The Inspector himself is played by [[John Thaw]] and the faithful Detective Sergeant Lewis by [[Kevin Whately]]. Dexter makes a [[cameo appearance]] in each of the episodes. The series remains popular and is frequently repeated on [[ITV]]1 and [[ITV2]]. More recently it has begun to be issued as a periodic series of cut-price [[VHS|video]]s and [[DVD]]s containing one episode each, together with magazine-size booklets giving background information on each episode. See the official web site of the TV series at http://www.inspectormorse.co.uk/. Sadly, John Thaw died only months after the series ended.


===Education===
In [[July 2004]] ITV announced plans to make ''Inspector Lewis'', a spinoff series starring Kevin Whately.
Although details of Morse's education are kept vague, it is hinted that he won a scholarship to study at [[St John's College, Oxford]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dexter|first1=Colin|title=The Riddle of the Third Mile|publisher=St Martins Press|page=Chapter 7|edition=1983}}</ref> He lost the scholarship as the result of poor academic performance stemming from a failed love affair, which is mentioned in the second episode of the third series, "The Last Enemy", and recounted in detail in the novel ''[[The Riddle of the Third Mile]]'', Chapter 7. Further details are revealed piece-by-piece in the prequel series. He often reflects on such renowned scholars as [[Alfred Edward Housman|A. E. Housman]] who, like himself, failed to get an academic degree from Oxford.


===Career===
It is primarily the personality of the main character that makes the Inspector Morse novels so successful. With his beautiful [[Jaguar (car)|Jaguar]] car (originally a [[Lancia]]), thirst for [[beer]], snobbery, and penchant for [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]], he is a likeable person despite his sullen temperament.


After university, he entered the army on [[National Service]]. This included serving in [[West Germany]] with the [[Royal Corps of Signals]] as a [[cipher]] clerk. Upon leaving, he joined the police<ref name="nytimes.com"/> at Carshall-Newtown, before being posted to Oxford with the [[Oxford City Police]]. He was awarded the [[George Medal]] in the last episode of ''[[Endeavour (TV series)|Endeavour]]'' Series 4. He is assigned to a uniformed position in Series 6 despite having his opinions and observations disregarded by CID. He does not wear his GM ribbon, leaving his uniform breast bare.
Dexter is a fan of [[cryptic crossword]]s, and Inspector Morse is named for champion solver Sir [[Jeremy Morse]]. In every novel the surname of the killer is taken from those of winners of the weekly [[Azed]] solving competition that appears in ''[[The Observer]]''.


===Habits and personality===
[[Category:Fictional detectives]]
Morse is the embodiment of middle-class Englishness, with a set of prejudices and assumptions to match, although his background, being the son of a taxi driver, might be considered working class. He claims to have a private income from his father driving for the [[Aga Khan]], but this may be a joke.<ref>''[[The Dead of Jericho]]'', chapter 21</ref> Due to his manners and bearing, he is sometimes considered [[gentleman detective]], the staple of British [[Detective fiction#Famous fictional detectives|detective fiction]], in contrast to the working-class lifestyle of his assistant [[Inspector Lewis|Lewis]]. In the novels, Lewis is [[Welsh people|Welsh]], but in the TV series this is altered to a [[Tyneside]] ([[Geordie]]) background, appropriately for the actor [[Kevin Whately]]. Morse is in his forties at the start of the books (''Service of all the Dead'', Chapter Six: "… a bachelor still, forty-seven years old …"), and Lewis slightly younger (e.g. ''The Secret of Annexe 3'', Chapter Twenty-Six: "a slightly younger man – another policeman, and one also in plain clothes"). John Thaw was 45 at the beginning of shooting the TV series and Kevin Whately was 36.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
[[Category:ITV television programmes]]
[[Category:Series of books]]


Morse's relationships with authority, the establishment, bastions of power and the status quo, are markedly ambiguous, as are some of his relations with women. He is frequently portrayed as patronising female characters, and once stereotyped the female sex as not naturally prone to crime, being caring and non-violent, but also often empathises with women. He is not shy to show his liking for attractive women and often dates those involved in cases. Indeed, a woman he falls in love with sometimes turns out to be the culprit.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
==External link==
* [http://www.detective-fiction.com/ Detective Fiction ] Books


Morse is highly intelligent. He is a [[crossword]] addict<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/crosswords/crossword-blog/2012/aug/09/top-10-crosswords-fiction-inspector-morse|title=Top 10 crosswords in fiction, no 3: Inspector Morse|first=Alan|last=Connor|date=9 August 2012|website=The Guardian|access-date=15 November 2018}}</ref> and dislikes grammatical and spelling errors; in every personal or private document that he receives, he manages to point out at least one mistake. He claims that his approach to crime-solving is deductive, and one of his key tenets is that "there is a 50 per cent chance that the person who finds the body is the murderer". Morse uses immense intuition and his fantastic memory to apprehend the perpetrator.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
[[Category:Crime television series|Morse]]

Among Morse's conservative tastes are that he likes to drink [[real ale]] and [[whisky]], and in the early novels, drives a [[Lancia]].<ref name="auto"/> In the television and radio productions (and reprints of the novels), this is altered to a suitably British classic [[Jaguar Mark 2]]. His favourite music is opera, which is echoed in the soundtracks to the television series. The original music is by [[Barrington Pheloung]].

His dying words, said to Jim Strange, are "Thank Lewis for me."<ref>"The Remorseful Day"</ref>

Morse is portrayed as being an [[atheist]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://britishmysterybooks.com/colin-dexter| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191221231509/https://britishmysterybooks.com/colin-dexter| archive-date = 21 December 2019| title = Colin Dexter – Inspector Morse {{!}} British Detective Stories}}</ref> However, in some scenes, he does entertain the possibility of God and/or quote the Bible from memory, agreeing with the phrases, as he does with lines from various literary books/texts.

==Novels==
The novels in the series are:
* ''[[Last Bus to Woodstock]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Last Seen Wearing (Dexter novel)|Last Seen Wearing]]'' (1976)
* ''[[The Silent World of Nicholas Quinn]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Service of All the Dead]]'' (1979)
* ''[[The Dead of Jericho]]'' (1981)
* ''[[The Riddle of the Third Mile]]'' (1983)
* ''[[The Secret of Annexe 3]]'' (1986)
* ''[[The Wench is Dead]]'' (1989)
* ''[[The Jewel That Was Ours]]'' (1991)
* ''[[The Way Through the Woods]]'' (1992)
* ''[[The Daughters of Cain]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Death Is Now My Neighbour]]'' (1996)
* ''[[The Remorseful Day]]'' (1999)

Inspector Morse also appears in several stories in Dexter's short story collection, ''[[Morse's Greatest Mystery|Morse's Greatest Mystery and Other Stories]]'' (1993, expanded edition 1994).

==In other media==

===Television===
{{Main|Inspector Morse (TV series)|Endeavour (TV series)|Lewis (TV series)}}

====''Inspector Morse'' (1987–2000)====
The Inspector Morse novels were made into a [[TV series]] (also called ''Inspector Morse'') for the British commercial TV network [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]. The series was made by [[Zenith Productions]] for [[Central Independent Television|Central]] (a company later acquired by [[Carlton Television|Carlton]]) and comprised 33&nbsp;two-hour episodes (100&nbsp;minutes excluding commercials)—20&nbsp;more episodes than there are novels—produced between 6 January 1987 and 15 November 2000. The last episode was adapted from the final novel ''The Remorseful Day'', in which Morse dies from a heart attack. Morse was played by [[John Thaw]] and Lewis by [[Kevin Whately|Kevin Whateley]].

====''Lewis'' (2006–2015)====
A spin-off series, similarly comprising 33&nbsp;two-hour episodes and based on the television incarnation of [[Sergeant Lewis|Lewis]], was titled ''[[Lewis (TV series)|Lewis]]''; it first aired on 29 January 2006 and last showed on 10 November 2015. The spin-off consisted the following cast members: [[Kevin Whately]] as DI Robbie Lewis, [[Laurence Fox]] as DS James Hathaway, [[Clare Holman]] as Dr Laura Hobson and [[Rebecca Front]] as CS Jean Innocent.

====''Endeavour'' (2012–2023)====
In August 2011, ITV announced plans to film a [[prequel]] drama called ''[[Endeavour (TV series)|Endeavour]]'', with author Colin Dexter's participation. English actor [[Shaun Evans]] was cast as a young Morse in his early career.<ref>[http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/yourtown/oxford/9005186.Inspector_Morse_set_for_TV_comeback_as_young_man/ Inspector Morse set for TV comeback as young man], ''[[Oxford Mail]]'', 4 May 2011</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110806033549/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/8681868/Inspector-Morse-is-an-enigma-lets-keep-him-that-way.html Inspector Morse is an enigma – let's keep him that way], ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'', 5 August 2011</ref> The pilot episode was broadcast on 2 January 2012 on ITV. The prequel was made by [[Mammoth Screen]]. Four new episodes were televised from 14 April 2013, showing Morse's early cases working for DI Fred Thursday ([[Roger Allam]]) and with [[Chief Superintendent Strange|Jim Strange]] ([[Sean Rigby]]), initially as PC Jim Strange, later DS Jim Strange, and pathologist Max De Bryn ([[James Bradshaw (actor)|James Bradshaw]]), plus Chief Superintendent Reginald Bright ([[Anton Lesser]]), DS Peter Jakes ([[Jack Laskey]]), WPC Shirley Trewlove ([[Dakota Blue Richards]]), DC George Fancy (Lewis Peek), DI Ronnie Box (Simon Harrison) and DS Alan Jago (Richard Riddell). Alongside the police department, the prequel also consisted of Fred Thursday’s family members: Win Thursday, (Caroline O’Neill), Sam Thursday ([[Jack Bannon (English actor)|Jack Bannon]]), Joan Thursday ([[Sara Vickers]]) and the newspaper editor Dorothea Frazil ([[Abigail Thaw]]). A second series of four episodes followed, screening between 30 March 2014 and 20 April 2014. On 3 January 2016, the third series aired, also containing four episodes. A fourth series was aired, once again with four episodes, on 8 January 2017. Filming of a fifth series of six episodes began in early 2017 with the first episode of the fifth series aired on 4 February 2018. On 10 February 2019 the sixth series aired, which comprises four 1-hour-30-minute episodes. A seventh series of three episodes was filmed in late 2019, aired on 9 February 2020 and in August 2019 ITV announced that the series has been recommissioned for an eighth series, screened on 12 September 2021, also containing three episodes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/2019-08-16/endeavour-confirms-eighth-series/|title=Endeavour confirms eighth series|work=Radio Times|date=19 August 2019|access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref> Morse was voted number two on the top 25 list in [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]'s Britain's Favourite Detective first broadcast on 30 August 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/presscentre/press-releases/britains-favourite-detective/|title=Britain's Favourite Detective|publisher=ITV|date=21 July 2020|access-date=30 August 2020}}</ref>

On 23 May 2022, a day after filming began for the ninth series, ITV announced that ''Endeavour'' would end production after a decade on air at the conclusion of the ninth series, bringing the total number of ''Endeavour'' episodes to 36. The ninth and final series comprised the final three episodes, which aired from 26 February 2023 to 12 March 2023.

===Radio===
An adaptation by Melville Jones of ''[[Last Bus to Woodstock]]'' featured in [[BBC Radio 4]]'s ''[[Saturday Night Theatre]]'' series in June 1985, with [[Andrew Burt]] as Morse and [[Christopher Douglas (British actor)|Christopher Douglas]] as Lewis.

In the 1990s, an occasional BBC Radio 4 series (for ''The Saturday Play'') was made starring the voices of [[John Shrapnel]] as Morse and [[Robert Glenister]] as Lewis. The series was written by Guy Meredith and directed by [[Ned Chaillet]]. Episodes included: ''[[The Wench is Dead#Television and radio adaptations|The Wench is Dead]]'' (23 March 1992); ''[[Last Seen Wearing (Dexter novel)#Radio play|Last Seen Wearing]]'' (28 May 1994); and ''[[The Silent World of Nicholas Quinn#Radio play|The Silent World of Nicholas Quinn]]'' (10 February 1996).

In 2018, [[Alma Cullen]] wrote an original drama entitled ''Morse: In The Shallows'', with [[Neil Pearson]] as Morse and [[Lee Ingleby]] as Lewis.

===Theatre===
An Inspector Morse stage play appeared in 2010, written by [[Alma Cullen]] (writer of four Morse screenplays for ITV). The part of Morse was played by [[Colin Baker]]. The play, entitled ''Morse—House of Ghosts'', saw DCI Morse looking to his past, when an old acquaintance becomes the lead suspect in a murder case that involves the on-stage death of a young actress. The play toured the UK from August to December 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/news/theatre/london/E8831273054191/Inspector+Morse+Has+Stage+Debut+with+Colin+Baker.html|title=What's on Stage|access-date=26 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013175030/http://www.whatsonstage.com/news/theatre/london/E8831273054191/Inspector%2BMorse%2BHas%2BStage%2BDebut%2Bwith%2BColin%2BBaker.html|archive-date=13 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was broadcast by [[BBC Radio 4]] on 25 March 2017 with [[Neil Pearson]] playing Morse and [[Lee Ingleby]] playing Lewis.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Allen, Paul and Jan, ''Endeavouring to Crack the Morse Code (Inspector Morse)'' Exposure Publishing (2006)
* Bishop, David, ''The Complete Inspector Morse: From the Original Novels to the TV Series'' London: Reynolds & Hearn (2006) {{ISBN|1-905287-13-5}}
* Bird, Christopher, ''The World of Inspector Morse: A Complete A–Z Reference for the Morse Enthusiast '' Foreword by [[Colin Dexter]] London: Boxtree (1998) {{ISBN|0-7522-2117-5}}
* Goodwin, Cliff, ''Inspector Morse Country : An Illustrated Guide to the World of Oxford's famous detective'' London: Headline (2002) {{ISBN|0-7553-1064-0}}
* Leonard, Bill, ''The Oxford of Inspector Morse: Films Locations History'' Location Guides, Oxford (2004) {{ISBN|0-9547671-1-X}}
* Richards, Anthony, ''Inspector Morse on Location.'' Irregular Special Press (2007){{ISBN|9781901091304}}
* Richards, Anthony, and Philip Attwell, ''The Oxford of Inspector Morse'' (2012) {{ISBN|9781901091038}}
* Sanderson, Mark, ''The Making of Inspector Morse'' Pan Macmillan (1995) {{ISBN|0-330-34418-8}}
* Sýkora, Michal, [https://mcfarlandbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/6-Sykora-Clu402.pdf The Skeptical Poetics of Colin Dexter's Morse Novels], ''Clues: A Journal of Detection'', vol. 40, no. 2 (2022), pp.&nbsp;49–58.
* Wright, Matthew, [https://mcfarlandbooks.com/wp-content/uploads/7-Wright-Clu402.pdf Colin Dexter's Classicism], ''Clues: A Journal of Detection'', vol. 40, no. 2 (2022), pp.&nbsp;59–68.

{{Commons category|Inspector Morse}}

{{InspectorMorse}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Morse, Endeavour, Inspector}}
[[Category:Inspector Morse| ]]
[[Category:Fictional British detectives]]
[[Category:Fictional British police detectives]]
[[Category:Oxford in fiction]]
[[Category:Fictional English people]]
[[Category:Literary characters introduced in 1975]]
[[Category:Characters in British novels of the 20th century]]
[[Category:BBC Radio dramas]]

Latest revision as of 12:33, 4 December 2024

Detective Chief Inspector Morse
First appearance1975: novel Last Bus to Woodstock
Created byColin Dexter
Portrayed byJohn Thaw (television) (1987–2000)
Shaun Evans (television) (2012–2023)
Appears in13 novels (1975–1999)
Inspector Morse television series (1987–2000)
Endeavour television series (2012–2023)
Also portrayed byAndrew Burt (BBC Radio) (1985)
John Shrapnel (BBC Radio) (1992–96)
Colin Baker (stage) (2010)
Neil Pearson (BBC Radio) (2017)
In-universe information
TitleDetective Chief Inspector
FamilyCyril Morse (father)
Constance Morse (mother)
Gwen Morse (stepmother)
Joyce Garrett (née Morse) (half-sister)
RelativesKeith Garrett (brother-in-law)
Marilyn Garrett (half-niece)
Wayne Garrett (half-nephew)
NationalityBritish
DecorationsGeorge Medal (television 1967)
Born1930[1] (television: 1938)
Died1999: novel The Remorseful Day (television: 2000)
Alma materSt John's College, Oxford

Detective Chief Inspector Endeavour Morse, GM, is the eponymous fictional character in the series of detective novels by British author Colin Dexter. On television, he appears in the 33-episode drama series Inspector Morse (1987–2000), in which John Thaw played the character, as well as the (2012–2023) prequel series Endeavour, portrayed by Shaun Evans. The older Morse is a senior Criminal Investigation Department (CID) officer with the Thames Valley Police in Oxford in England and, in the prequel, Morse is a young detective constable rising through the ranks with the Oxford City Police and, in later series, the Thames Valley Police.

Morse presents, to some, a reasonably sympathetic personality, despite his sullen and snobbish temperament, with a classic Jaguar Mark 2 (a Lancia in the early novels), a thirst for English real ale, and a love of classical music (especially opera and Wagner), poetry, art and cryptic crossword puzzles. In his later career, he is usually assisted by Sergeant Robbie Lewis. Morse's partnership and formal friendship with Lewis is fundamental to the series.

Biography

[edit]

Family

[edit]

Morse's father was a taxi driver. In the episode of the television adaptation Cherubim and Seraphim, it is revealed that Morse's parents divorced when he was 12. He remained with his mother until her death three years later, upon which he had to return to his father. Morse had a dreadful relationship with his stepmother Gwen. He claims that he only read poetry to annoy her, and that her petty bullying almost drove him to suicide. He has a half-sister named Joyce with whom he is on better terms. Morse was devastated when Joyce's daughter Marilyn took her own life.

Morse prefers to use only his surname, and is generally evasive when asked about his first name, sometimes joking that it is Inspector. In The Dead of Jericho and The Wench Is Dead it is noted that his initial is E.[2][3][4] At the end of Death Is Now My Neighbour, his name is revealed to be Endeavour.[5] Two-thirds of the way through the television episode based on the book, he gives the cryptic clue "My whole life's effort has revolved around Eve, nine letters".[6] In the series, it is noted that Morse's reluctance to use his Christian name led to his receiving the nickname Pagan while at Stamford School (which Colin Dexter, the author of the Morse novels, attended).[5] In the novels, Morse's first name came from the vessel HMS Endeavour; his mother was a member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) who have a tradition of "virtue names", and his father admired Captain James Cook.[7]

Dexter was a fan of cryptic crosswords and named Morse after champion setter Jeremy Morse, one of Dexter's arch-rivals in writing crossword clues.[8] Dexter used to walk along the bank of the River Thames at Oxford, opposite the boathouse belonging to 22nd Oxford Sea Scout Group; the building is named T.S. Endeavour.[9]

Education

[edit]

Although details of Morse's education are kept vague, it is hinted that he won a scholarship to study at St John's College, Oxford.[10] He lost the scholarship as the result of poor academic performance stemming from a failed love affair, which is mentioned in the second episode of the third series, "The Last Enemy", and recounted in detail in the novel The Riddle of the Third Mile, Chapter 7. Further details are revealed piece-by-piece in the prequel series. He often reflects on such renowned scholars as A. E. Housman who, like himself, failed to get an academic degree from Oxford.

Career

[edit]

After university, he entered the army on National Service. This included serving in West Germany with the Royal Corps of Signals as a cipher clerk. Upon leaving, he joined the police[7] at Carshall-Newtown, before being posted to Oxford with the Oxford City Police. He was awarded the George Medal in the last episode of Endeavour Series 4. He is assigned to a uniformed position in Series 6 despite having his opinions and observations disregarded by CID. He does not wear his GM ribbon, leaving his uniform breast bare.

Habits and personality

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Morse is the embodiment of middle-class Englishness, with a set of prejudices and assumptions to match, although his background, being the son of a taxi driver, might be considered working class. He claims to have a private income from his father driving for the Aga Khan, but this may be a joke.[11] Due to his manners and bearing, he is sometimes considered gentleman detective, the staple of British detective fiction, in contrast to the working-class lifestyle of his assistant Lewis. In the novels, Lewis is Welsh, but in the TV series this is altered to a Tyneside (Geordie) background, appropriately for the actor Kevin Whately. Morse is in his forties at the start of the books (Service of all the Dead, Chapter Six: "… a bachelor still, forty-seven years old …"), and Lewis slightly younger (e.g. The Secret of Annexe 3, Chapter Twenty-Six: "a slightly younger man – another policeman, and one also in plain clothes"). John Thaw was 45 at the beginning of shooting the TV series and Kevin Whately was 36.[citation needed]

Morse's relationships with authority, the establishment, bastions of power and the status quo, are markedly ambiguous, as are some of his relations with women. He is frequently portrayed as patronising female characters, and once stereotyped the female sex as not naturally prone to crime, being caring and non-violent, but also often empathises with women. He is not shy to show his liking for attractive women and often dates those involved in cases. Indeed, a woman he falls in love with sometimes turns out to be the culprit.[citation needed]

Morse is highly intelligent. He is a crossword addict[12] and dislikes grammatical and spelling errors; in every personal or private document that he receives, he manages to point out at least one mistake. He claims that his approach to crime-solving is deductive, and one of his key tenets is that "there is a 50 per cent chance that the person who finds the body is the murderer". Morse uses immense intuition and his fantastic memory to apprehend the perpetrator.[citation needed]

Among Morse's conservative tastes are that he likes to drink real ale and whisky, and in the early novels, drives a Lancia.[5] In the television and radio productions (and reprints of the novels), this is altered to a suitably British classic Jaguar Mark 2. His favourite music is opera, which is echoed in the soundtracks to the television series. The original music is by Barrington Pheloung.

His dying words, said to Jim Strange, are "Thank Lewis for me."[13]

Morse is portrayed as being an atheist.[14] However, in some scenes, he does entertain the possibility of God and/or quote the Bible from memory, agreeing with the phrases, as he does with lines from various literary books/texts.

Novels

[edit]

The novels in the series are:

Inspector Morse also appears in several stories in Dexter's short story collection, Morse's Greatest Mystery and Other Stories (1993, expanded edition 1994).

In other media

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Television

[edit]

Inspector Morse (1987–2000)

[edit]

The Inspector Morse novels were made into a TV series (also called Inspector Morse) for the British commercial TV network ITV. The series was made by Zenith Productions for Central (a company later acquired by Carlton) and comprised 33 two-hour episodes (100 minutes excluding commercials)—20 more episodes than there are novels—produced between 6 January 1987 and 15 November 2000. The last episode was adapted from the final novel The Remorseful Day, in which Morse dies from a heart attack. Morse was played by John Thaw and Lewis by Kevin Whateley.

Lewis (2006–2015)

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A spin-off series, similarly comprising 33 two-hour episodes and based on the television incarnation of Lewis, was titled Lewis; it first aired on 29 January 2006 and last showed on 10 November 2015. The spin-off consisted the following cast members: Kevin Whately as DI Robbie Lewis, Laurence Fox as DS James Hathaway, Clare Holman as Dr Laura Hobson and Rebecca Front as CS Jean Innocent.

Endeavour (2012–2023)

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In August 2011, ITV announced plans to film a prequel drama called Endeavour, with author Colin Dexter's participation. English actor Shaun Evans was cast as a young Morse in his early career.[15][16] The pilot episode was broadcast on 2 January 2012 on ITV. The prequel was made by Mammoth Screen. Four new episodes were televised from 14 April 2013, showing Morse's early cases working for DI Fred Thursday (Roger Allam) and with Jim Strange (Sean Rigby), initially as PC Jim Strange, later DS Jim Strange, and pathologist Max De Bryn (James Bradshaw), plus Chief Superintendent Reginald Bright (Anton Lesser), DS Peter Jakes (Jack Laskey), WPC Shirley Trewlove (Dakota Blue Richards), DC George Fancy (Lewis Peek), DI Ronnie Box (Simon Harrison) and DS Alan Jago (Richard Riddell). Alongside the police department, the prequel also consisted of Fred Thursday’s family members: Win Thursday, (Caroline O’Neill), Sam Thursday (Jack Bannon), Joan Thursday (Sara Vickers) and the newspaper editor Dorothea Frazil (Abigail Thaw). A second series of four episodes followed, screening between 30 March 2014 and 20 April 2014. On 3 January 2016, the third series aired, also containing four episodes. A fourth series was aired, once again with four episodes, on 8 January 2017. Filming of a fifth series of six episodes began in early 2017 with the first episode of the fifth series aired on 4 February 2018. On 10 February 2019 the sixth series aired, which comprises four 1-hour-30-minute episodes. A seventh series of three episodes was filmed in late 2019, aired on 9 February 2020 and in August 2019 ITV announced that the series has been recommissioned for an eighth series, screened on 12 September 2021, also containing three episodes.[17] Morse was voted number two on the top 25 list in ITV's Britain's Favourite Detective first broadcast on 30 August 2020.[18]

On 23 May 2022, a day after filming began for the ninth series, ITV announced that Endeavour would end production after a decade on air at the conclusion of the ninth series, bringing the total number of Endeavour episodes to 36. The ninth and final series comprised the final three episodes, which aired from 26 February 2023 to 12 March 2023.

Radio

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An adaptation by Melville Jones of Last Bus to Woodstock featured in BBC Radio 4's Saturday Night Theatre series in June 1985, with Andrew Burt as Morse and Christopher Douglas as Lewis.

In the 1990s, an occasional BBC Radio 4 series (for The Saturday Play) was made starring the voices of John Shrapnel as Morse and Robert Glenister as Lewis. The series was written by Guy Meredith and directed by Ned Chaillet. Episodes included: The Wench is Dead (23 March 1992); Last Seen Wearing (28 May 1994); and The Silent World of Nicholas Quinn (10 February 1996).

In 2018, Alma Cullen wrote an original drama entitled Morse: In The Shallows, with Neil Pearson as Morse and Lee Ingleby as Lewis.

Theatre

[edit]

An Inspector Morse stage play appeared in 2010, written by Alma Cullen (writer of four Morse screenplays for ITV). The part of Morse was played by Colin Baker. The play, entitled Morse—House of Ghosts, saw DCI Morse looking to his past, when an old acquaintance becomes the lead suspect in a murder case that involves the on-stage death of a young actress. The play toured the UK from August to December 2010.[19] It was broadcast by BBC Radio 4 on 25 March 2017 with Neil Pearson playing Morse and Lee Ingleby playing Lewis.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Dexter said that Morse would be turning 70 next year [2000]", from: "Art mirrors life, as Inspector Morse is finally defeated by drinking". Independent.co.uk. 4 October 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  2. ^ The Dead of Jericho, chapter 7.
  3. ^ The Wench Is Dead, chapter 1.
  4. ^ Grimes, William (22 March 2017). "Colin Dexter, 86, Dies; Creator of Inspector Morse, a Sleuth on Page and Screen". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  5. ^ a b c "Colin Dexter obituary: Inspector Morse creator and one of the great whodunit men". The Independent. 21 March 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  6. ^ "Death Is Now My Neighbour". 19 November 1997 – via IMDb.
  7. ^ a b Gussow, Mel (26 January 1997). "Behind Morse, the Dour, Dignified Detective". The New York Times.
  8. ^ Colin Dexter in Super Sleuths: Inspector Morse. Director: Katie Kinnaird
  9. ^ "The Oxford of Inspector Morse: Dreaming spires, dead bodies... and lots and lots of pubs". 18 August 2018.
  10. ^ Dexter, Colin. The Riddle of the Third Mile (1983 ed.). St Martins Press. p. Chapter 7.
  11. ^ The Dead of Jericho, chapter 21
  12. ^ Connor, Alan (9 August 2012). "Top 10 crosswords in fiction, no 3: Inspector Morse". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  13. ^ "The Remorseful Day"
  14. ^ "Colin Dexter – Inspector Morse | British Detective Stories". Archived from the original on 21 December 2019.
  15. ^ Inspector Morse set for TV comeback as young man, Oxford Mail, 4 May 2011
  16. ^ Inspector Morse is an enigma – let's keep him that way, The Telegraph, 5 August 2011
  17. ^ "Endeavour confirms eighth series". Radio Times. 19 August 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  18. ^ "Britain's Favourite Detective". ITV. 21 July 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  19. ^ "What's on Stage". Archived from the original on 13 October 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2019.

Further reading

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  • Allen, Paul and Jan, Endeavouring to Crack the Morse Code (Inspector Morse) Exposure Publishing (2006)
  • Bishop, David, The Complete Inspector Morse: From the Original Novels to the TV Series London: Reynolds & Hearn (2006) ISBN 1-905287-13-5
  • Bird, Christopher, The World of Inspector Morse: A Complete A–Z Reference for the Morse Enthusiast Foreword by Colin Dexter London: Boxtree (1998) ISBN 0-7522-2117-5
  • Goodwin, Cliff, Inspector Morse Country : An Illustrated Guide to the World of Oxford's famous detective London: Headline (2002) ISBN 0-7553-1064-0
  • Leonard, Bill, The Oxford of Inspector Morse: Films Locations History Location Guides, Oxford (2004) ISBN 0-9547671-1-X
  • Richards, Anthony, Inspector Morse on Location. Irregular Special Press (2007)ISBN 9781901091304
  • Richards, Anthony, and Philip Attwell, The Oxford of Inspector Morse (2012) ISBN 9781901091038
  • Sanderson, Mark, The Making of Inspector Morse Pan Macmillan (1995) ISBN 0-330-34418-8
  • Sýkora, Michal, The Skeptical Poetics of Colin Dexter's Morse Novels, Clues: A Journal of Detection, vol. 40, no. 2 (2022), pp. 49–58.
  • Wright, Matthew, Colin Dexter's Classicism, Clues: A Journal of Detection, vol. 40, no. 2 (2022), pp. 59–68.