Tiger reserves of India: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description| |
{{Short description|Tiger conservation programme in India}} |
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The tiger reserves in [[India]] were set up as a part of [[Project Tiger]] initiated in 1973 and are administered by the [[National Tiger Conservation Authority]] of [[Government of India]]. As of December 2024, there are 57 [[protected area]]s that have been designated as tiger reserves. As of 2023, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is almost 75% of the world's wild tiger population. |
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== Goal == |
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The [[tiger reserve]]s of [[India]] were set up in 1973 and are governed under [[Project Tiger]], which is administered by the [[National Tiger Conservation Authority]], Government of India. Tiger reserves were designated in 50 [[protected area]]s until 2018.<ref name=Jhala2019>{{cite report |author=Jhala, Y. V. |author2=Qureshi, Q. |author3=Nayak, A. K. |year=2019 |title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2018. Summary Report. TR No./2019/05 |publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India |location=New Delhi, Dehradun |url=https://projecttiger.nic.in/WriteReadData/PublicationFile/Tiger%20Status%20Report_XPS220719032%20%20new%20layout(1).pdf}}</ref> |
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As per the section 38 of the [[Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972]], the state governments are responsible preparing a Tiger Conservation Plan which includes planning and management of notified areas and maintaining the requisite competent staff to ensure the protection of the tiger reserve and providing inputs for maintaining a viable population of tigers, co-predators and prey animals.<ref name="Reserve">{{cite report|title=Tiger reserves|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]|url=https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2|access-date=1 April 2024|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183112/https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="guidelines">{{cite web|url=http://projecttiger.nic.in/COMPENDIUM%20OF%20GUIDELINES.pdf|title=Project Tiger|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=22 January 2016|archive-date=2 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002055640/http://projecttiger.nic.in/COMPENDIUM%20OF%20GUIDELINES.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In 2022, the 53rd tiger reserve was declared in [[Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary]], Uttar Pradesh, and the State's third tiger reserve.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newsonair.com/2022/10/01/uttar-pradesh-gears-up-for-its-fourth-tiger-reserve-in-chitrakoot/|title=Uttar Pradesh gears up for its fourth tiger reserve in Chitrakoot|publisher=newsonair.com |date= 2022}}</ref> |
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== Tiger population == |
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India is home to 80 percent of tigers in the world. In 2006, India estimated that there were 1,411 tigers, which more than doubled to a population 3,167 tigers in 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49148174|title=India's tiger population sees 33% increase|publisher=BBC |date=2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-09 |title=India's tiger population tops 3,000, shows census |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/indias-tiger-population-in-2022-was-3167-reveals-latest-census-data-released-by-pm/article66716598.ece |access-date=2023-05-24 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> |
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[[File:State_wise_Bengal_Tiger_Population_India,_2019.jpg|thumb|State wise tiger population (2018)]] |
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In 2006, it was estimated that there were 1,411 tigers living in the wild, the lowest ever recorded.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49148174|title=India's tiger population sees 33% increase|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2019|access-date=2019-07-29|archive-date=2019-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021152/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49148174|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of wild tigers in India at 1,706. As per [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|Ministry of Environment and Forests]], the wild tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/tiger-brochure.pdf|title=Tiger Estimate in India|page=9|publisher=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|date=28 March 2011|access-date=21 June 2011|archive-date=12 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612082807/http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/tiger-brochure.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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The increase in population of [[tigers in India]] played a major role in driving up global populations as well; the number of wild tigers globally rose from 3,159 in 2010 to 3,890 in 2016 according to [[World Wildlife Fund]] and Global Tiger Forum.<ref name="Global">{{Cite web|url=http://tigers.panda.org/news/what-the-new-global-tiger-number-means/ |title= 2967 – What the new global Tiger number means |publisher=WWF |date=2016}}</ref> |
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In 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were an estimated 2,967 wild tigers in existence in India. The wild tiger population increased to 3,682 as of 2022.<ref name="Report">{{cite report|author1=Qureshi, Q.|author2=Jhala, Y. V.|author3=Yadav, S. P.|author4=Mallick, A.|name-list-style=amp|year=2023|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]] & [[Wildlife Institute of India]]|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|access-date=2024-04-10|archive-date=2024-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> As India is home to majority of the global wild tiger population, the increase in population of [[tigers in India]] played a major role in driving up global populations as well; the number of wild tigers globally rose from 3,159 in 2010 to 3,890 in 2016 according to [[World Wildlife Fund]] and Global Tiger Forum.<ref name="Global">{{cite web|url=http://tigers.panda.org/news/what-the-new-global-tiger-number-means/|title=2967 – What the new global Tiger number means|publisher=[[World Wide Fund]]|date=2016|access-date=2019-05-27|archive-date=2019-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927044921/http://tigers.panda.org/news/what-the-new-global-tiger-number-means/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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==Goal== |
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State forestry departments operate {{cvt|71027.1|km2}} of declared reserves "to ensure maintenance of viable populations of the [[conservation dependent]] [[Bengal tiger]] in India". The tiger is maintained for its scientific, economic, aesthetic, cultural and ecological values and to preserve areas of biological importance as a national heritage for the benefit of educational purposes."<ref name="guidelines">{{cite web |url=http://projecttiger.nic.in/COMPENDIUM%20OF%20GUIDELINES.pdf |title=Project Tiger |publisher=Government of India|location=Delhi|access-date=22 January 2016}}</ref> |
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== Tiger reserves == |
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==Population assessment== |
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Tiger reserves were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. Tiger reserves consist of a core area which includes part(s) of protected areas such as a [[national park]] or a [[wildlife sanctuary]] and a buffer zone which is a mix of forested and non-forested land. Project tiger is aimed at performing the necessary activities to ensure viability of tiger population in the core area and to promote a balance between the existence of people and animals in the buffer zones.<ref name="PT">{{cite web|title=Project Tiger|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]|url=https://ntca.gov.in/about-us/#project-tiger|access-date=1 April 2024|archive-date=5 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405081950/https://ntca.gov.in/about-us/#project-tiger|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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[[File:State_wise_Bengal_Tiger_Population_India,_2019.jpg|thumb|State wise Bengal tiger population India as of 2018]] |
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By the year 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were estimated only 2,967 tigers in existence in India.<ref name=Jhala>{{cite report|title=Status of the Tigers, Co-predators and Prey in India|editor1=Y.V. Jhala|editor2=R. Gopal|editor3=Q. Qureshi |publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India, New Delhi, and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun |year=2008 |id=TR 08/001|url=http://projecttiger.nic.in/whtsnew/status_of_tigers_in_india_2008.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602124630/http://projecttiger.nic.in/whtsnew/status_of_tigers_in_india_2008.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-02}}</ref> The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of tigers in India at 1,706. As per Ministry of Environment and Forests, the tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate. This exhaustive study indicated that better protected tiger source sites, especially tiger reserves, have maintained viable populations. However, the area occupied by tigers outside protected areas has decreased considerably. This demonstrates the need for [[wildlife corridor|corridors]] in order for tigers to move between source sites. The existing tiger reserves represent around one-third of India's high density forest area.<ref name=NTA>{{cite web|url=http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/tiger-brochure.pdf |title=Tiger Estimate in India|work=Public Information Brochure|page=9|publisher= Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOI|place=New Delhi|date=28 March 2011|access-date=21 June 2011}}</ref> More tigers were killed in the first quarter of 2016 than in the entire previous year. This significant revelation comes at a time when the tiger census numbers are disputed by the scientific community. |
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In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. By the late 1980s, the initial nine reserves covering an area of {{cvt|9115|km2}} had been increased to 15 reserves covering an area of {{cvt|24700|km2}}. More than 1100 tigers were estimated to inhabit the reserves by 1984.<ref>{{cite book|author=Panwar, H. S.|year=1987|chapter=Project Tiger: The reserves, the tigers, and their future|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdC-wfyZwZEC&pg=PA110|pages=110–117|title=Tigers of the world: the biology, biopolitics, management, and conservation of an endangered species|editor1-last=Tilson, R. L.|editor2-last=Sel, U. S.|publisher=[[Minnesota Zoological Garden]], IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Group, IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group|location=Park Ridge, N.J.|isbn=978-0-815-51133-5}}</ref> By 1997, 23 tiger reserves encompassed an area of {{cvt|33000|km2}}.<ref>{{cite book|editor1=Seidensticker, J.|editor2=Christie, S.|editor3=Jackson, P.|year=1999|title=Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in human-dominated landscapes|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|place=[[Cambridge]]|isbn=978-0-521-64057-2 |author=Thapar, V.|chapter=The tragedy of the Indian tiger: starting from scratch|pages=296–306}}</ref> As of December 2024, there are 57 [[protected area]]s that have been designated as tiger reserves.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ratapani forest notified as eighth tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/madhya-pradesh/ratapani-forest-notified-as-eighth-tiger-reserve-in-madhya-pradesh-3301453 |date=3 December 2024 |access-date=4 December 2024 |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] }}</ref> |
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In 2010–11, the National Tiger Conservation Authority in partnership with the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) undertook an independent management effectiveness evaluation (MEE) of the 53 tiger reserves in the country. The reserves were categorized into four major categories. As of 2015, Madhya Pradesh had the largest tiger population with 526 individuals in the age group of 1.5 years, followed by Karnataka with 524 individuals, Uttarakhand with 442 individuals, Tamil Nadu with 229 individuals, Maharashtra with 190 individuals, Assam with 167individuals, Kerala with 136 individuals and Uttar Pradesh with 117 individuals.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150120/nation-current-affairs/article/tiger-population-rises-2226-2014-1706-2010 |title=India's tiger population rises|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|date=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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{{clear}} |
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==List of tiger reserves== |
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{{static row numbers}} |
{{static row numbers}} |
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{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text "style="font-size: |
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text "style="font-size: 90%" |
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|+List of tiger reserves<ref name="Reserv1">{{cite web|url=https://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/trd_8222.aspx|title=Tiger Reserves of India|access-date=1 April 2024|publisher=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=MEE summary report|url=https://ntca.gov.in/assets/uploads/Reports/MEE/MEE_summary_report_2023.pdf|access-date=1 April 2024|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]|archive-date=10 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410071715/https://ntca.gov.in/assets/uploads/Reports/MEE/MEE_summary_report_2023.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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!Name |
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! Tiger Reserve |
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!{{tooltip|Inclusion|Year of Inclusion under Project Tiger}} |
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! class="unsortable" | Year of creation |
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!{{tooltip|Last Notified|Year of Notification/Re-notification as a Tiger Reserve}} |
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! State |
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!State |
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! Population of tigers, 2018 |
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!Tiger population (2023)<ref name="Report"/> |
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! Population of tigers, 2023 |
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! |
!Core area (km<sup>2</sup>) |
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! |
!Buffer area (km<sup>2</sup>) |
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!Total area (km<sup>2</sup>) |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
|[[Bandipur National Park|Bandipur]] |
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|1973–74 |
|1973–74 |
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|2007 |
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| [[Karnataka]] |
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|[[Karnataka]] |
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| 120 |
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| |
|150 |
||
| |
|872.24 |
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| |
|584.06 |
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|1,456.3 |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
|[[Jim Corbett National Park|Corbett]] |
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|1973–74 |
|1973–74 |
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|2010 |
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| [[Uttarakhand]] |
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|[[Uttarakhand]] |
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| 216 |
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| |
|260 |
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|821.99 |
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| 1,318.54 |
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| |
|466.32 |
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|1,288.31 |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
|[[Kanha Tiger Reserve|Kanha]] |
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|1973–74 |
|1973–74 |
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|2007 |
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| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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| 80 |
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| |
|105 |
||
| |
|917.43 |
||
| |
|1,134.36 |
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|2,051.79 |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
|[[Manas National Park|Manas]] |
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|1973–74 |
|1973–74 |
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|2008 |
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| [[Assam]] |
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|[[Assam]] |
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| 11 |
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| |
|58 |
||
| |
|526.22 |
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| |
|2,310.88 |
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|2,837.10 |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
|[[Melghat]] |
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| |
|1973–74 |
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|2007 |
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| [[Maharashtra]] |
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|[[Maharashtra]] |
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| 25 |
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| |
|57 |
||
| |
|1,500.49 |
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| |
|1,268.03 |
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|2,768.52 |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
|[[Palamau Tiger Reserve|Palamau]] |
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|1973–74 |
|1973–74 |
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|2012 |
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| [[Jharkhand]] |
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|[[Jharkhand]] |
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| 3 |
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| |
|1 |
||
| |
|414.08 |
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| |
|715.85 |
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|1,129.93 |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
|[[Ranthambore National Park|Ranthambore]] |
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| |
|1973–74 |
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|2007 |
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| [[Rajasthan]] |
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|[[Rajasthan]] |
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| 37 |
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| |
|57 |
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| |
|1,113.36 |
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| |
|297.92 |
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|1,411.29 |
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|- |
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|[[Simlipal National Park|Similipal]] |
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|1973–74 |
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|2007 |
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|[[Odisha]] |
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|16 |
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|1,194.75 |
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|1,555.25 |
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|2,750 |
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|- |
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|[[Sundarbans National Park|Sunderbans]] |
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|1973–74 |
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|2007 |
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|[[West Bengal]] |
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|100 |
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|1,699.62 |
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|885.27 |
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|2,584.89 |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
|[[Periyar National Park|Periyar]] |
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|1978–79 |
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| 1973–74 |
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|2007 |
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| [[Odisha]] |
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|[[Kerala]] |
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| 9 |
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| |
|30 |
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|881 |
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| 1,194.75 |
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|44 |
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| 1,555.25 |
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|925 |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Sariska Tiger Reserve|Sariska]] |
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| [[Sundarbans National Park| Sunderbans]] |
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|1978–79 |
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| 1973–74 |
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|2007 |
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| [[West Bengal]] |
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|[[Rajasthan]] |
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| 96 |
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|19 |
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| 100 |
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|881.11 |
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| 1,699.62 |
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| |
|332.23 |
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|1,213.34 |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
|[[Buxa Tiger Reserve|Buxa]] |
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|1982–83 |
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| 1978–79 |
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|2009 |
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| [[Kerala]] |
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|[[West Bengal]] |
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| 20 |
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| |
|1 |
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|390.58 |
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| 881 |
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| |
|367.32 |
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|757.90 |
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|- |
|- |
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| |
|[[Indravati National Park|Indravati]] |
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|1982–83 |
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| 1978–79 |
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|2009 |
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| [[Rajasthan]] |
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|[[Chhattisgarh]] |
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| 9 |
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| |
|1 |
||
| |
|1,258.37 |
||
| |
|1,540.70 |
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|2,799.07 |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Namdapha National Park|Namdapha]] |
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| |
|1982–83 |
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|1987 |
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| [[West Bengal]] |
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|[[Arunachal Pradesh]] |
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| 2 |
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| |
|1 |
||
| |
|1,807.82 |
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| |
|245.00 |
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|2,052.82 |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve|Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam]] |
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| [[Indravati National Park| Indravati]] |
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| |
|1982–83 |
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|2007 |
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| [[Chhattisgarh]] |
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|[[Andhra Pradesh]] |
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| 12 |
|||
| |
|58 |
||
| |
|2,595.72 |
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|700.59 |
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| 1,540.70 |
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|3,296.31 |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Dudhwa National Park|Dudhwa]] |
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|1987–88 |
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| 1982–83 |
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|2010 |
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| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] |
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|[[Uttar Pradesh]] |
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| 11 |
|||
| |
|135 |
||
| |
|1,093.79 |
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|1,107.98 |
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| 245.00 |
|||
|2,201.77 |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve|Kalakad-Mundanthurai]] |
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| [[Dudhwa National Park| Dudhwa]] |
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|1988–89 |
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| 1987–88 |
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|2007 |
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| [[Uttar Pradesh]] |
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|[[Tamil Nadu]] |
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| 58 |
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|5 |
|||
| 135 |
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|895.00 |
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| 1,093.79 |
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|706.54 |
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| 1,107.98 |
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|1,601.54 |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Valmiki National Park|Valmiki]] |
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| [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve| Kalakad-Mundanthurai]] |
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|1989–90 |
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| 1988–89 |
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|2012 |
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| [[Tamil Nadu]] |
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|[[Bihar]] |
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| 10 |
|||
| |
|54 |
||
| |
|598.45 |
||
| |
|300.93 |
||
|899.38 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Pench Tiger Reserve|Pench]] |
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|1992–93 |
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| 1989–90 |
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|2007 |
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| [[Bihar]] |
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|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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| 40 |
|||
| |
|77 |
||
| |
|411.33 |
||
| |
|768.30 |
||
|1,179.63 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve|Tadoba-Andhari]] |
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|1993–94 |
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| 1992–93 |
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|2007 |
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| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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|[[Maharashtra]] |
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| 43 |
|||
|97 |
|||
| 77 |
|||
| |
|625.82 |
||
|1,101.77 |
|||
| 768.30 |
|||
|1,727.59 |
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|- |
|- |
||
|[[Bandhavgarh National Park|Bandhavgarh]] |
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| [[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve| Tadoba-Andhari]] |
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| |
|1993–94 |
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|2007 |
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| [[Maharashtra]] |
|||
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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| 115 |
|||
| |
|135 |
||
| |
|716.9 |
||
|820.03 |
|||
| 1,101.77 |
|||
|1,536.93 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Panna National Park|Panna]] |
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|1994–95 |
|||
| 1993–94 |
|||
|2007 |
|||
| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
| 63 |
|||
|55 |
|||
| 135 |
|||
| |
|576.13 |
||
|1,021.97 |
|||
| 820.03 |
|||
|1,598.10 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Dampa Tiger Reserve|Dampa]] |
||
| |
|1994–95 |
||
|2007 |
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| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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|[[Mizoram]] |
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| 17 |
|||
| |
|0 |
||
|500 |
|||
| 576.13 |
|||
|488 |
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| 1,021.97 |
|||
|988 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary|Bhadra]] |
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|1998–99 |
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| 1994–95 |
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|2007 |
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| [[Mizoram]] |
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|[[Karnataka]] |
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| NA |
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| |
|28 |
||
| |
|492.46 |
||
| |
|571.83 |
||
|1,064.29 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Pench Tiger Reserve|Pench]] (MH) |
||
| |
|1998–99 |
||
|2007 |
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| [[Karnataka]] |
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|[[Maharashtra]] |
|||
| 22 |
|||
| |
|48 |
||
| |
|257.26 |
||
| |
|483.96 |
||
|741.22 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Pakke Tiger Reserve|Pakke]] |
||
|1999–2000 |
|||
| 1998–99 |
|||
|2012 |
|||
| [[Maharashtra]] |
|||
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]] |
|||
| 35 |
|||
|6 |
|||
| 48 |
|||
| |
|683.45 |
||
|515 |
|||
| 483.96 |
|||
|1,198.45 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Nameri National Park|Nameri]] |
||
| |
|1999–2000 |
||
|2000 |
|||
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] |
|||
|[[Assam]] |
|||
| 7 |
|||
| |
|3 |
||
|320 |
|||
| 683.45 |
|||
|144 |
|||
| 515.00 |
|||
|464 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Satpura Tiger Reserve|Satpura]] |
||
| |
|1999–2000 |
||
|2007 |
|||
| [[Assam]] |
|||
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
| 5 |
|||
| |
|50 |
||
| |
|1,339.26 |
||
| |
|794.04 |
||
|2,133.31 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Anamalai Tiger Reserve|Anamalai]] |
||
|2008–09 |
|||
| 1999–2000 |
|||
|2007 |
|||
| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
|[[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
| 26 |
|||
| |
|16 |
||
|958.59 |
|||
| 1,339.26 |
|||
| |
|521.28 |
||
|1,479.87 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary|Udanti–Sitanadi]] |
|||
| [[Anamalai Tiger Reserve| Anamalai]] |
|||
| |
|2008–09 |
||
|2009 |
|||
| [[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
|[[Chhattisgarh]] |
|||
| 13 |
|||
| |
|1 |
||
| |
|851.09 |
||
| |
|991.45 |
||
|1,842.54 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Satkosia Tiger Reserve|Satkosia]] |
||
| |
|2008–09 |
||
|2007 |
|||
| [[Chhattisgarh]] |
|||
|[[Odisha]] |
|||
| 4 |
|||
| |
|0 |
||
| |
|523.61 |
||
| |
|440.26 |
||
|963.87 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Kaziranga National Park|Kaziranga]] |
||
| |
|2008–09 |
||
|2007 |
|||
| [[Odisha]] |
|||
|[[Assam]] |
|||
| 3 |
|||
| |
|104 |
||
| |
|625.58 |
||
|548 |
|||
| 440.26 |
|||
|1,173.58 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary|Achanakmar]] |
|||
| [[Kaziranga National Park| Kaziranga]] |
|||
| |
|2008–09 |
||
|2009 |
|||
| [[Assam]] |
|||
|[[Chhattisgarh]] |
|||
| 103 |
|||
|5 |
|||
| 104 |
|||
| |
|626.19 |
||
| |
|287.82 |
||
|914.02 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Kali Tiger Reserve|Kali]] |
|||
| [[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary| Achanakmar]] |
|||
| |
|2008–09 |
||
|2007 |
|||
| [[Chhattisgarh]] |
|||
|[[Karnataka]] |
|||
| 11 |
|||
| |
|17 |
||
| |
|814.88 |
||
| |
|282.63 |
||
|1,097.51 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Sanjay National Park|Sanjay Dhubri]] |
||
| |
|2008–09 |
||
|2011 |
|||
| [[Karnataka]] |
|||
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
| 5 |
|||
| |
|16 |
||
| |
|812.57 |
||
| |
|861.93 |
||
|1,674.5 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Mudumalai National Park|Mudumalai]] |
||
| |
|2008–09 |
||
|2007 |
|||
| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
|[[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
| 8 |
|||
| |
|114 |
||
| |
|321.00 |
||
| |
|367.59 |
||
|688.59 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Nagarhole National Park|Nagarhole]] |
||
|2008–09 |
|||
| 2007 |
|||
|2007 |
|||
| [[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
|[[Karnataka]] |
|||
| 103 |
|||
|141 |
|||
| 114 |
|||
| |
|643.35 |
||
| |
|562.41 |
||
|1,205.76 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Parambikulam Tiger Reserve|Parambikulam]] |
|||
| [[Nagarhole National Park| Nagarhole]] |
|||
| |
|2008–09 |
||
|2009 |
|||
| [[Karnataka]] |
|||
|[[Kerala]] |
|||
| 101 |
|||
|31 |
|||
| 141 |
|||
| |
|390.89 |
||
| |
|252.77 |
||
|643.66 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Sahyadri Tiger Reserve|Sahyadri]] |
||
|2009–10 |
|||
| 2008–09 |
|||
|2012 |
|||
| [[Kerala]] |
|||
|[[Maharashtra]] |
|||
| 19 |
|||
| |
|0 |
||
| |
|612.00 |
||
| |
|565.45 |
||
|1,165.57 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Biligiriranga Hills|Biligiri Ranganatha Temple]] |
|||
| [[Sahyadri Tiger Reserve| Sahyadri]] |
|||
|2010–11 |
|||
| 2009–10 |
|||
|2007 |
|||
| [[Maharashtra]] |
|||
|[[Karnataka]] |
|||
| 7 |
|||
| |
|37 |
||
| |
|359.10 |
||
| |
|215.72 |
||
|574.82 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary|Kawal]] |
|||
| [[Biligiriranga Hills|Biligiri Ranganatha Temple]] |
|||
|2012–13 |
|||
| 2010–11 |
|||
|2012 |
|||
| [[Karnataka]] |
|||
|[[Telangana]] |
|||
| 68 |
|||
| |
|0 |
||
| |
|892.23 |
||
|1,123.21 |
|||
| 215.72 |
|||
|2,015.44 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary|Sathyamangalam]] |
||
|2013–14 |
|||
| 2012–13 |
|||
|2013 |
|||
| [[Telangana]] |
|||
|[[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
| NA |
|||
| |
|85 |
||
| |
|793.49 |
||
|614.91 |
|||
| 1,123.21 |
|||
|1,408.40 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Mukandra Hills Tiger Reserve|Mukandra Hills]] |
|||
| [[Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary| Sathyamangalam]] |
|||
| |
|2013–14 |
||
|2013 |
|||
| [[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
|[[Rajasthan]] |
|||
| 72 |
|||
| |
|1 |
||
| |
|417.17 |
||
| |
|342.82 |
||
|759.99 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Navegaon National Park|Nawegaon–Nagzira]] |
|||
| [[Mukandra Hills Tiger Reserve| Mukandra Hills]] |
|||
| |
|2013–14 |
||
|2015 |
|||
| [[Rajasthan]] |
|||
|[[Maharashtra]] |
|||
| NA |
|||
| |
|11 |
||
| |
|653.67 |
||
|1,241.27 |
|||
| 342.82 |
|||
|1,894.94 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Amrabad]] |
|||
| [[Navegaon National Park| Nawegaon]] |
|||
|2014 |
|||
| 2013–14 |
|||
|2015 |
|||
| [[Maharashtra]] |
|||
|[[Telangana]] |
|||
| 7 |
|||
| |
|12 |
||
| |
|2,166.37 |
||
|445.02 |
|||
| 1,241.27 |
|||
|2,611.39 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve|Pilibhit]] |
||
|2014 |
|||
| 1982–83 |
|||
|2014 |
|||
| [[Andhra Pradesh]] |
|||
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] |
|||
| 74 |
|||
| |
|63 |
||
|602.79 |
|||
| 2,595.72 |
|||
| |
|127.45 |
||
|730.25 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Bor Wildlife Sanctuary|Bor]] |
|||
| [[Amrabad]] |
|||
| |
|2014 |
||
|2012 |
|||
| [[Telangana]] |
|||
|[[Maharashtra]] |
|||
| NA |
|||
| |
|9 |
||
|138.12 |
|||
| 2,611.4 |
|||
| |
|678.15 |
||
|816.27 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Rajaji National Park|Rajaji]] |
||
|2015 |
|||
| 2014 |
|||
|2015 |
|||
| [[Uttar Pradesh]] |
|||
|[[Uttarakhand]] |
|||
| 65 |
|||
| |
|54 |
||
| |
|819.54 |
||
| |
|255.63 |
||
|1,075.17 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Orang National Park|Orang]] |
||
|2016 |
|||
| 2014 |
|||
|2016 |
|||
| [[Maharashtra]] |
|||
|[[Assam]] |
|||
| 5 |
|||
| |
|16 |
||
| |
|79.28 |
||
| |
|413.18 |
||
|492.46 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary|Kamlang]] |
||
|2016 |
|||
| 2015 |
|||
|2017 |
|||
| [[Uttarakhand]] |
|||
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]] |
|||
| NA |
|||
| |
|0 |
||
|671 |
|||
| 819.54 |
|||
|112 |
|||
| 255.63 |
|||
|783 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Srivilliputhur - Megamalai (High wavy Mountains) Tiger Reserve|Srivilliputhur–Megamalai]] |
|||
| [[Orang National Park| Orang]] |
|||
|2021 |
|||
| 2016 |
|||
|2021 |
|||
| [[Assam]] |
|||
|[[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
| NA |
|||
| |
|12 |
||
| |
|641.86 |
||
| |
|374.7 |
||
|1,016.57 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
|[[Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary|Ramgarh Vishdhari]] |
||
|2022 |
|||
| 2016 |
|||
|2022 |
|||
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] |
|||
|[[Rajasthan]] |
|||
| NA |
|||
| |
|1 |
||
| |
|481.91 |
||
|1,019.99 |
|||
| 112.00 |
|||
|1,501.90 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary|Ranipur]] |
|||
| [[Srivilliputhur - Megamalai (High wavy Mountains) Tiger Reserve| Srivilliputhur–Megamalai]] |
|||
|2022 |
|||
| 2021 |
|||
|2022 |
|||
| [[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] |
|||
| 14 |
|||
| |
|NA |
||
| |
|230.31 |
||
| |
|299.05 |
||
|529.36 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve|Veerangana Durgavati]] |
|||
| [[Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary| Ramgarh Vishdhari]] |
|||
|2023 |
|||
| 2022 |
|||
|2023 |
|||
| [[Rajasthan]] |
|||
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
| 35 |
|||
| |
|NA |
||
|1,414 |
|||
| 481.90 |
|||
|925.12 |
|||
| 1,019.98 |
|||
|2,339.12 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Karauli|Dholpur–Karauli]] |
|||
| [[Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary]] |
|||
|2023 |
|||
| 2022 |
|||
|2023 |
|||
| [[Uttar Pradesh]] |
|||
|[[Rajasthan]] |
|||
| NA |
|||
| |
|NA |
||
| |
|599.64 |
||
|0 |
|||
| 299.05 |
|||
|599.64 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Guru Ghasidas - Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve|Guru Ghasidas–Tamor Pingla]]<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2074302|title=56th Tiger Reserve of the country notified in Chhattisgarh|work=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=19 November 2024|access-date=19 November 2024|archive-date=18 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241118162354/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2074302|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
| [[Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary| Veerangana Durgavati]] |
|||
|2024 |
|||
| 2023 |
|||
|2024 |
|||
| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
|[[Chhattisgarh]] |
|||
| NA |
|||
| |
|NA |
||
| |
|2,049.23 |
||
| |
|780.15 |
||
|2,829.38<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/travel/chhattisgarhs-guru-ghasidas-tamor-pingla-declared-indias-56th-and-3rd-largest-tiger-reserve-article-12870217.html|title=Chhattisgarh’s Guru Ghasidas-Tamor Pingla declared India’s 56th and 3rd largest tiger reserve|work=[[Moneycontrol]]|date=19 November 2024|access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Ratapani Tiger Reserve|Ratapani]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Madhya Pradesh gets its eighth tiger reserve in Ratapani |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/madhya-pradesh-eighth-tiger-reserve-ratapani-9703326/ |access-date=4 December 2024 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=3 December 2024 }}</ref> |
|||
| [[Karauli]] |
|||
|2024 |
|||
| 2023 |
|||
|2024 |
|||
| [[Rajasthan]] |
|||
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
| NA |
|||
| |
|NA |
||
| |
|763.81 |
||
|507.65 |
|||
| NA |
|||
|1,271.47 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|} |
|} |
||
*[[Amangarh Tiger Reserve]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] is a [[buffer zone]] of [[Jim Corbett National Park]] and may not be regarded as a separate tiger reserve. It has a buffer zone of {{cvt| |
*[[Amangarh Tiger Reserve]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] is a [[buffer zone]] of [[Jim Corbett National Park]] and may not be regarded as a separate tiger reserve. It has a buffer zone of {{cvt|80.6|km2}} but no core area of critical tiger habitat.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tiger Reserves|url=https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_tigerreserves|access-date=9 January 2021|publisher=[[Wildlife Institute of India]]|archive-date=13 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113182701/https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_tigerreserves|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tiger Reserves|url=https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2|access-date=19 January 2021|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183112/https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2|url-status=live}}</ref> |
||
==References== |
== References == |
||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
Line 479: | Line 554: | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiger Reserves Of India}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiger Reserves Of India}} |
||
[[Category:Tiger reserves of India| ]] |
[[Category:Tiger reserves of India|Tiger reserves of India]] |
||
[[Category:Wildlife conservation in India]] |
[[Category:Wildlife conservation in India]] |
||
[[Category:Conservation-reliant species]] |
[[Category:Conservation-reliant species]] |
Latest revision as of 14:15, 4 December 2024
The tiger reserves in India were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. As of December 2024, there are 57 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves. As of 2023, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is almost 75% of the world's wild tiger population.
Goal
[edit]As per the section 38 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, the state governments are responsible preparing a Tiger Conservation Plan which includes planning and management of notified areas and maintaining the requisite competent staff to ensure the protection of the tiger reserve and providing inputs for maintaining a viable population of tigers, co-predators and prey animals.[1][2]
Tiger population
[edit]In 2006, it was estimated that there were 1,411 tigers living in the wild, the lowest ever recorded.[3] The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of wild tigers in India at 1,706. As per Ministry of Environment and Forests, the wild tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate.[4]
In 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were an estimated 2,967 wild tigers in existence in India. The wild tiger population increased to 3,682 as of 2022.[5] As India is home to majority of the global wild tiger population, the increase in population of tigers in India played a major role in driving up global populations as well; the number of wild tigers globally rose from 3,159 in 2010 to 3,890 in 2016 according to World Wildlife Fund and Global Tiger Forum.[6]
Tiger reserves
[edit]Tiger reserves were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. Tiger reserves consist of a core area which includes part(s) of protected areas such as a national park or a wildlife sanctuary and a buffer zone which is a mix of forested and non-forested land. Project tiger is aimed at performing the necessary activities to ensure viability of tiger population in the core area and to promote a balance between the existence of people and animals in the buffer zones.[7]
In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. By the late 1980s, the initial nine reserves covering an area of 9,115 km2 (3,519 sq mi) had been increased to 15 reserves covering an area of 24,700 km2 (9,500 sq mi). More than 1100 tigers were estimated to inhabit the reserves by 1984.[8] By 1997, 23 tiger reserves encompassed an area of 33,000 km2 (13,000 sq mi).[9] As of December 2024, there are 57 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves.[10]
Name | Inclusion | Last Notified | State | Tiger population (2023)[5] | Core area (km2) | Buffer area (km2) | Total area (km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bandipur | 1973–74 | 2007 | Karnataka | 150 | 872.24 | 584.06 | 1,456.3 |
Corbett | 1973–74 | 2010 | Uttarakhand | 260 | 821.99 | 466.32 | 1,288.31 |
Kanha | 1973–74 | 2007 | Madhya Pradesh | 105 | 917.43 | 1,134.36 | 2,051.79 |
Manas | 1973–74 | 2008 | Assam | 58 | 526.22 | 2,310.88 | 2,837.10 |
Melghat | 1973–74 | 2007 | Maharashtra | 57 | 1,500.49 | 1,268.03 | 2,768.52 |
Palamau | 1973–74 | 2012 | Jharkhand | 1 | 414.08 | 715.85 | 1,129.93 |
Ranthambore | 1973–74 | 2007 | Rajasthan | 57 | 1,113.36 | 297.92 | 1,411.29 |
Similipal | 1973–74 | 2007 | Odisha | 16 | 1,194.75 | 1,555.25 | 2,750 |
Sunderbans | 1973–74 | 2007 | West Bengal | 100 | 1,699.62 | 885.27 | 2,584.89 |
Periyar | 1978–79 | 2007 | Kerala | 30 | 881 | 44 | 925 |
Sariska | 1978–79 | 2007 | Rajasthan | 19 | 881.11 | 332.23 | 1,213.34 |
Buxa | 1982–83 | 2009 | West Bengal | 1 | 390.58 | 367.32 | 757.90 |
Indravati | 1982–83 | 2009 | Chhattisgarh | 1 | 1,258.37 | 1,540.70 | 2,799.07 |
Namdapha | 1982–83 | 1987 | Arunachal Pradesh | 1 | 1,807.82 | 245.00 | 2,052.82 |
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam | 1982–83 | 2007 | Andhra Pradesh | 58 | 2,595.72 | 700.59 | 3,296.31 |
Dudhwa | 1987–88 | 2010 | Uttar Pradesh | 135 | 1,093.79 | 1,107.98 | 2,201.77 |
Kalakad-Mundanthurai | 1988–89 | 2007 | Tamil Nadu | 5 | 895.00 | 706.54 | 1,601.54 |
Valmiki | 1989–90 | 2012 | Bihar | 54 | 598.45 | 300.93 | 899.38 |
Pench | 1992–93 | 2007 | Madhya Pradesh | 77 | 411.33 | 768.30 | 1,179.63 |
Tadoba-Andhari | 1993–94 | 2007 | Maharashtra | 97 | 625.82 | 1,101.77 | 1,727.59 |
Bandhavgarh | 1993–94 | 2007 | Madhya Pradesh | 135 | 716.9 | 820.03 | 1,536.93 |
Panna | 1994–95 | 2007 | Madhya Pradesh | 55 | 576.13 | 1,021.97 | 1,598.10 |
Dampa | 1994–95 | 2007 | Mizoram | 0 | 500 | 488 | 988 |
Bhadra | 1998–99 | 2007 | Karnataka | 28 | 492.46 | 571.83 | 1,064.29 |
Pench (MH) | 1998–99 | 2007 | Maharashtra | 48 | 257.26 | 483.96 | 741.22 |
Pakke | 1999–2000 | 2012 | Arunachal Pradesh | 6 | 683.45 | 515 | 1,198.45 |
Nameri | 1999–2000 | 2000 | Assam | 3 | 320 | 144 | 464 |
Satpura | 1999–2000 | 2007 | Madhya Pradesh | 50 | 1,339.26 | 794.04 | 2,133.31 |
Anamalai | 2008–09 | 2007 | Tamil Nadu | 16 | 958.59 | 521.28 | 1,479.87 |
Udanti–Sitanadi | 2008–09 | 2009 | Chhattisgarh | 1 | 851.09 | 991.45 | 1,842.54 |
Satkosia | 2008–09 | 2007 | Odisha | 0 | 523.61 | 440.26 | 963.87 |
Kaziranga | 2008–09 | 2007 | Assam | 104 | 625.58 | 548 | 1,173.58 |
Achanakmar | 2008–09 | 2009 | Chhattisgarh | 5 | 626.19 | 287.82 | 914.02 |
Kali | 2008–09 | 2007 | Karnataka | 17 | 814.88 | 282.63 | 1,097.51 |
Sanjay Dhubri | 2008–09 | 2011 | Madhya Pradesh | 16 | 812.57 | 861.93 | 1,674.5 |
Mudumalai | 2008–09 | 2007 | Tamil Nadu | 114 | 321.00 | 367.59 | 688.59 |
Nagarhole | 2008–09 | 2007 | Karnataka | 141 | 643.35 | 562.41 | 1,205.76 |
Parambikulam | 2008–09 | 2009 | Kerala | 31 | 390.89 | 252.77 | 643.66 |
Sahyadri | 2009–10 | 2012 | Maharashtra | 0 | 612.00 | 565.45 | 1,165.57 |
Biligiri Ranganatha Temple | 2010–11 | 2007 | Karnataka | 37 | 359.10 | 215.72 | 574.82 |
Kawal | 2012–13 | 2012 | Telangana | 0 | 892.23 | 1,123.21 | 2,015.44 |
Sathyamangalam | 2013–14 | 2013 | Tamil Nadu | 85 | 793.49 | 614.91 | 1,408.40 |
Mukandra Hills | 2013–14 | 2013 | Rajasthan | 1 | 417.17 | 342.82 | 759.99 |
Nawegaon–Nagzira | 2013–14 | 2015 | Maharashtra | 11 | 653.67 | 1,241.27 | 1,894.94 |
Amrabad | 2014 | 2015 | Telangana | 12 | 2,166.37 | 445.02 | 2,611.39 |
Pilibhit | 2014 | 2014 | Uttar Pradesh | 63 | 602.79 | 127.45 | 730.25 |
Bor | 2014 | 2012 | Maharashtra | 9 | 138.12 | 678.15 | 816.27 |
Rajaji | 2015 | 2015 | Uttarakhand | 54 | 819.54 | 255.63 | 1,075.17 |
Orang | 2016 | 2016 | Assam | 16 | 79.28 | 413.18 | 492.46 |
Kamlang | 2016 | 2017 | Arunachal Pradesh | 0 | 671 | 112 | 783 |
Srivilliputhur–Megamalai | 2021 | 2021 | Tamil Nadu | 12 | 641.86 | 374.7 | 1,016.57 |
Ramgarh Vishdhari | 2022 | 2022 | Rajasthan | 1 | 481.91 | 1,019.99 | 1,501.90 |
Ranipur | 2022 | 2022 | Uttar Pradesh | NA | 230.31 | 299.05 | 529.36 |
Veerangana Durgavati | 2023 | 2023 | Madhya Pradesh | NA | 1,414 | 925.12 | 2,339.12 |
Dholpur–Karauli | 2023 | 2023 | Rajasthan | NA | 599.64 | 0 | 599.64 |
Guru Ghasidas–Tamor Pingla[13] | 2024 | 2024 | Chhattisgarh | NA | 2,049.23 | 780.15 | 2,829.38[14] |
Ratapani[15] | 2024 | 2024 | Madhya Pradesh | NA | 763.81 | 507.65 | 1,271.47 |
- Amangarh Tiger Reserve in Uttar Pradesh is a buffer zone of Jim Corbett National Park and may not be regarded as a separate tiger reserve. It has a buffer zone of 80.6 km2 (31.1 sq mi) but no core area of critical tiger habitat.[16][17]
References
[edit]- ^ Tiger reserves (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ "Project Tiger" (PDF). Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- ^ "India's tiger population sees 33% increase". BBC News. 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-08-01. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
- ^ "Tiger Estimate in India" (PDF). Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. 28 March 2011. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
- ^ a b Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A. (2023). Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF) (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ "2967 – What the new global Tiger number means". World Wide Fund. 2016. Archived from the original on 2019-09-27. Retrieved 2019-05-27.
- ^ "Project Tiger". National Tiger Conservation Authority. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ Panwar, H. S. (1987). "Project Tiger: The reserves, the tigers, and their future". In Tilson, R. L.; Sel, U. S. (eds.). Tigers of the world: the biology, biopolitics, management, and conservation of an endangered species. Park Ridge, N.J.: Minnesota Zoological Garden, IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Group, IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. pp. 110–117. ISBN 978-0-815-51133-5.
- ^ Thapar, V. (1999). "The tragedy of the Indian tiger: starting from scratch". In Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P. (eds.). Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in human-dominated landscapes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 296–306. ISBN 978-0-521-64057-2.
- ^ "Ratapani forest notified as eighth tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh". Deccan Herald. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
- ^ "Tiger Reserves of India". Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ MEE summary report (PDF) (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ "56th Tiger Reserve of the country notified in Chhattisgarh". Press Information Bureau (Press release). 19 November 2024. Archived from the original on 18 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
- ^ "Chhattisgarh's Guru Ghasidas-Tamor Pingla declared India's 56th and 3rd largest tiger reserve". Moneycontrol. 19 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
- ^ "Madhya Pradesh gets its eighth tiger reserve in Ratapani". The Indian Express. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
- ^ "Tiger Reserves". Wildlife Institute of India. Archived from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ "Tiger Reserves". National Tiger Conservation Authority. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2021.