Tiger reserves of India: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Tiger conservation programme in India}} |
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The tiger reserves in [[India]] were set up as a part of [[Project Tiger]] initiated in 1973 and are administered by the [[National Tiger Conservation Authority]] of [[Government of India]]. As of December 2024, there are 57 [[protected area]]s that have been designated as tiger reserves. As of 2023, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is almost 75% of the world's wild tiger population. |
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There are 41 tiger reserves in India which are governed by [[Project Tiger]].<ref name="state">{{cite web|url=http://www.envfor.nic.in/pt/State_PT.pdf|title=STATE OF PROJECT TIGER RESERVES|date=15 July 2009|publisher=Project Tiger, Government of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests|accessdate=2009-10-30|location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref name="PT">{{cite web|url=http://projecttiger.nic.in/yearofcreation.htm|title= Name of the Tiger Reserves in Tiger range states with year of creation and area |work=Facts and Figures|publisher=Project Tiger Directorate, Ministry of Enviornment, Govt of India|accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref><ref name="MOEF">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=44799|title=Eight New Tiger Reserves|date=November 13, 2008|work=Press Release|publisher=Ministry of Environment and Forests, Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India|accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref> These reserves are operated “to ensure maintenance of a viable population of [[Bengal tiger|Tigers]] in India for scientific, economic, aesthetic, cultural and ecological values and to preserve for all time areas of biological importance as a national heritage for the benefit, education and enjoyment of the people”. <ref name="guidelines">{{cite web |
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|url=http://projecttiger.nic.in/COMPENDIUM%20OF%20GUIDELINES.pdf|title=CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEME, PROJECT TIGER, XTH FIVE YEAR PLAN, GUIDELINES |
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== Goal == |
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|work=COMPENDIUM OF GUIDELINES & CIRCULARS ISSUED BY DIRECTOR (PROJECT TIGER) |
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As per the section 38 of the [[Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972]], the state governments are responsible preparing a Tiger Conservation Plan which includes planning and management of notified areas and maintaining the requisite competent staff to ensure the protection of the tiger reserve and providing inputs for maintaining a viable population of tigers, co-predators and prey animals.<ref name="Reserve">{{cite report|title=Tiger reserves|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]|url=https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2|access-date=1 April 2024|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183112/https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="guidelines">{{cite web|url=http://projecttiger.nic.in/COMPENDIUM%20OF%20GUIDELINES.pdf|title=Project Tiger|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=22 January 2016|archive-date=2 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002055640/http://projecttiger.nic.in/COMPENDIUM%20OF%20GUIDELINES.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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|publisher= PROJECT TIGER DIVISION MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FRORESTS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA |
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|pages=A. PROJECT TIGER 1.1 Description of the Scheme and its objectives |accessdate=2009-10-31 |
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== Tiger population == |
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|location=Delhi}}</ref> |
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[[File:State_wise_Bengal_Tiger_Population_India,_2019.jpg|thumb|State wise tiger population (2018)]] |
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[[Image:tiger1close.jpg|thumb|200px|3 year-old male named ''Baccha'' ([[Hindi]]: Child) residing in Rathambore tiger reserve, Rajasthan]] |
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[[Image:Tigeress with cubs in Kanha Tiger reserve.jpg|thumb|200px|Tigress with her two cubs in Kanha tiger reserve, Madhya Pradesh]] |
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In 2006, it was estimated that there were 1,411 tigers living in the wild, the lowest ever recorded.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49148174|title=India's tiger population sees 33% increase|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2019|access-date=2019-07-29|archive-date=2019-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801021152/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-49148174|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of wild tigers in India at 1,706. As per [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|Ministry of Environment and Forests]], the wild tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/tiger-brochure.pdf|title=Tiger Estimate in India|page=9|publisher=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]|date=28 March 2011|access-date=21 June 2011|archive-date=12 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612082807/http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/tiger-brochure.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Tigerramki.jpg|thumb|200px|A Tiger in Bandhavgarh tiger reserve, Madhya Pradesh]] |
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[[Image:A tiger in Pilibhit Tiger Reserve.jpg|thumb|200px|Tiger with cub in Pilibhit tiger reserve, Uttar Pradesh]] |
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In 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were an estimated 2,967 wild tigers in existence in India. The wild tiger population increased to 3,682 as of 2022.<ref name="Report">{{cite report|author1=Qureshi, Q.|author2=Jhala, Y. V.|author3=Yadav, S. P.|author4=Mallick, A.|name-list-style=amp|year=2023|title=Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]] & [[Wildlife Institute of India]]|url=https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|access-date=2024-04-10|archive-date=2024-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505145403/https://wii.gov.in/images//images/documents/publications/statu_tiger_copredators-2022.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> As India is home to majority of the global wild tiger population, the increase in population of [[tigers in India]] played a major role in driving up global populations as well; the number of wild tigers globally rose from 3,159 in 2010 to 3,890 in 2016 according to [[World Wildlife Fund]] and Global Tiger Forum.<ref name="Global">{{cite web|url=http://tigers.panda.org/news/what-the-new-global-tiger-number-means/|title=2967 – What the new global Tiger number means|publisher=[[World Wide Fund]]|date=2016|access-date=2019-05-27|archive-date=2019-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927044921/http://tigers.panda.org/news/what-the-new-global-tiger-number-means/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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[[Image:Indian Tiger.jpg|thumb|200px|Tiger in bamboo at Banerghatta tiger and lion reserve, Karnataka]] |
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[[Image:Ranthambore Tiger.jpg|thumb|200px|Tiger at Ranthambore tiger reserve, Rajasthan]] |
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== Tiger reserves == |
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[[Image:Sunderbans 049.jpg|thumb|200px|Tiger pug marks at Sunderbans tiger reserve, West Bengal]] |
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Tiger reserves were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. Tiger reserves consist of a core area which includes part(s) of protected areas such as a [[national park]] or a [[wildlife sanctuary]] and a buffer zone which is a mix of forested and non-forested land. Project tiger is aimed at performing the necessary activities to ensure viability of tiger population in the core area and to promote a balance between the existence of people and animals in the buffer zones.<ref name="PT">{{cite web|title=Project Tiger|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]|url=https://ntca.gov.in/about-us/#project-tiger|access-date=1 April 2024|archive-date=5 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405081950/https://ntca.gov.in/about-us/#project-tiger|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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[[File:Spotted Deer.jpg|thumb|200px|Spotted Deer tiger prey at Jim Corbett tiger reserve, Uttarakhand]] |
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[[Image:Tiger_Reserves_In_India.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Tiger reserves in India]] |
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In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. By the late 1980s, the initial nine reserves covering an area of {{cvt|9115|km2}} had been increased to 15 reserves covering an area of {{cvt|24700|km2}}. More than 1100 tigers were estimated to inhabit the reserves by 1984.<ref>{{cite book|author=Panwar, H. S.|year=1987|chapter=Project Tiger: The reserves, the tigers, and their future|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdC-wfyZwZEC&pg=PA110|pages=110–117|title=Tigers of the world: the biology, biopolitics, management, and conservation of an endangered species|editor1-last=Tilson, R. L.|editor2-last=Sel, U. S.|publisher=[[Minnesota Zoological Garden]], IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Group, IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group|location=Park Ridge, N.J.|isbn=978-0-815-51133-5}}</ref> By 1997, 23 tiger reserves encompassed an area of {{cvt|33000|km2}}.<ref>{{cite book|editor1=Seidensticker, J.|editor2=Christie, S.|editor3=Jackson, P.|year=1999|title=Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in human-dominated landscapes|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|place=[[Cambridge]]|isbn=978-0-521-64057-2 |author=Thapar, V.|chapter=The tragedy of the Indian tiger: starting from scratch|pages=296–306}}</ref> As of December 2024, there are 57 [[protected area]]s that have been designated as tiger reserves.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ratapani forest notified as eighth tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/madhya-pradesh/ratapani-forest-notified-as-eighth-tiger-reserve-in-madhya-pradesh-3301453 |date=3 December 2024 |access-date=4 December 2024 |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] }}</ref> |
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{| class="sortable wikitable" |
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{{clear}} |
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|-bgcolor=#99ccff |
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! width="10%"|'''State''' |
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{{static row numbers}} |
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! width="20%"|'''Tiger Reserves''' |
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{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text "style="font-size: 90%" |
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! width="8%"|'''Year Estd.''' |
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|+List of tiger reserves<ref name="Reserv1">{{cite web|url=https://wiienvis.nic.in/Database/trd_8222.aspx|title=Tiger Reserves of India|access-date=1 April 2024|publisher=[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change]], [[Government of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=MEE summary report|url=https://ntca.gov.in/assets/uploads/Reports/MEE/MEE_summary_report_2023.pdf|access-date=1 April 2024|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]|archive-date=10 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410071715/https://ntca.gov.in/assets/uploads/Reports/MEE/MEE_summary_report_2023.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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! width="8%"|'''Total Area (km2)''' |
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|- |
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! width="8%"|'''Management status''' |
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!Name |
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! width="17%"|'''Remarks''' |
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!{{tooltip|Inclusion|Year of Inclusion under Project Tiger}} |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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!{{tooltip|Last Notified|Year of Notification/Re-notification as a Tiger Reserve}} |
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| [[Assam]] |
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!State |
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| [[Kaziranga Tiger Reserve]] |
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!Tiger population (2023)<ref name="Report"/> |
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| 2006 |
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!Core area (km<sup>2</sup>) |
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| 859 |
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!Buffer area (km<sup>2</sup>) |
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| good |
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!Total area (km<sup>2</sup>) |
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| Good tiger density |
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|- |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|[[Bandipur National Park|Bandipur]] |
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| [[Assam]] |
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|1973–74 |
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| [[Manas Tiger Reserve]] |
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|2007 |
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| 1973-74 |
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|[[Karnataka]] |
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| 2840 |
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|150 |
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| poor |
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|872.24 |
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| Poor tiger density, Recovering from prolonged disturbance due to [[Bodo Liberation Tigers Force|Bodo]] unrest |
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|584.06 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|1,456.3 |
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| [[Assam]] |
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|- |
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| [[Nameri Tiger Reserve]] |
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|[[Jim Corbett National Park|Corbett]] |
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| 1999-2000 |
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|1973–74 |
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| 344 |
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|2010 |
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| satisfactory |
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|[[Uttarakhand]] |
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| Encroachment and tree cutting by locals |
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|260 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|821.99 |
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| [[Arunachal Pradesh]] |
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|466.32 |
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| [[Namdapha Tiger Reserve]] |
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|1,288.31 |
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| 1982-83 |
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|- |
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| 1985 |
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|[[Kanha Tiger Reserve|Kanha]] |
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| poor |
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|1973–74 |
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| Low tiger density, Extremism , encroachment by [[Lisu people|Lisus]] |
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|2007 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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| |
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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|105 |
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| [[Pakhui Tiger Reserve]] |
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|917.43 |
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| 1999-2000 |
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|1,134.36 |
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| 862 |
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|2,051.79 |
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| good |
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|- |
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| Good tiger density |
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|[[Manas National Park|Manas]] |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|1973–74 |
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| [[Andhra Pradesh]] |
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|2008 |
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| [[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve]] |
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|[[Assam]] |
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| 1982-83 |
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|58 |
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| 3568 |
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|526.22 |
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| poor |
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|2,310.88 |
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| Low tiger density Left wing extremism |
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|2,837.10 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|- |
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| [[Bihar]] |
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|[[Melghat]] |
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| [[Valmiki Tiger Reserve]] |
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|1973–74 |
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| 1989-90 |
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|2007 |
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| 840 |
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|[[Maharashtra]] |
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| Poor |
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|57 |
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| Low tiger density extremism |
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|1,500.49 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|1,268.03 |
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| [[Chhattishgarh]] |
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|2,768.52 |
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| [[Indravati Tiger Reserve]] |
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| |
|- |
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|[[Palamau Tiger Reserve|Palamau]] |
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| 2799 |
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|1973–74 |
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| poor |
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|2012 |
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| Severely affected by [[Naxalite]]s, Out of bounds |
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|[[Jharkhand]] |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|1 |
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| [[Jharkhand]] |
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|414.08 |
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| [[Palamau Tiger Reserve]] |
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|715.85 |
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| 1973-74 |
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|1,129.93 |
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| 1026 |
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|- |
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| Poor |
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|[[Ranthambore National Park|Ranthambore]] |
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| Low tiger density Left wing extremism |
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|1973–74 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|2007 |
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| [[Karnataka]] |
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|[[Rajasthan]] |
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| [[Bandipur Tiger Reserve]] |
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|57 |
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| 1973-74 |
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|1,113.36 |
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| 866 |
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|297.92 |
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| good |
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|1,411.29 |
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| Good tiger density |
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|- |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|[[Simlipal National Park|Similipal]] |
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| [[Karnataka]] |
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|1973–74 |
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| [[Nagarhole (extension) Tiger Reserve]] |
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|2007 |
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| 1999-2000 |
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|[[Odisha]] |
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| 643 |
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|16 |
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| good |
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|1,194.75 |
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| Good tiger density |
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|1,555.25 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|2,750 |
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| [[Karnataka]] |
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|- |
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| [[Bhadra Tiger Reserve]] |
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|[[Sundarbans National Park|Sunderbans]] |
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| 1998-99 |
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|1973–74 |
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| 492 |
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|2007 |
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| satisfactory |
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|[[West Bengal]] |
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| Low tiger density |
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|100 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|1,699.62 |
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| [[Kerala]] |
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|885.27 |
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| [[Periyar Tiger Reserve]] |
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|2,584.89 |
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| 1978-79 |
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|- |
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| 777 |
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|[[Periyar National Park|Periyar]] |
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| good |
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|1978–79 |
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| Low tiger density due to ecological reasons |
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|2007 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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| |
|[[Kerala]] |
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|30 |
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| [[Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve]] |
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|881 |
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| 1993-94 |
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|44 |
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| 1162 |
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|925 |
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| good |
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|- |
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| Good tiger density |
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|[[Sariska Tiger Reserve|Sariska]] |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|1978–79 |
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| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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|2007 |
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| [[Bori-Satpura Tiger Reserve]] |
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|[[Rajasthan]] |
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| 1999-2000 |
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|19 |
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| 1486 |
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|881.11 |
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| satisfactory |
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|332.23 |
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| Poor tiger density |
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|1,213.34 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|- |
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| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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| |
|[[Buxa Tiger Reserve|Buxa]] |
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|1982–83 |
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| 1973-74 |
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|2009 |
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| 1945 |
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|[[West Bengal]] |
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| good |
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|1 |
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| Good tiger density |
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|390.58 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|367.32 |
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| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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|757.90 |
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| [[Panna Tiger Reserve]] |
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|- |
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| 1994-95 |
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|[[Indravati National Park|Indravati]] |
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| 542 |
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|1982–83 |
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| poor |
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|2009 |
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| Local extinction of tiger due to poaching, dacoit infestation |
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|[[Chhattisgarh]] |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|1 |
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| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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|1,258.37 |
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| [[Pench Tiger Reserve]] |
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|1,540.70 |
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| 1992-93 |
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|2,799.07 |
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| 758 |
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|- |
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| good |
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|[[Namdapha National Park|Namdapha]] |
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| Good tiger density |
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|1982–83 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|1987 |
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| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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|[[Arunachal Pradesh]] |
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| [[Ratapani Tiger Reserve]] |
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|1 |
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| 2008-09 |
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|1,807.82 |
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| 674 |
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|245.00 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|2,052.82 |
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| [[Maharashtra]] |
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|- |
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| [[Melghat Tiger Reserve]] |
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|[[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve|Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam]] |
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| 1973-74 |
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|1982–83 |
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| 1677 |
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|2007 |
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| poor |
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|[[Andhra Pradesh]] |
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| Low tiger density |
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|58 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|2,595.72 |
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| [[Maharashtra]] |
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|700.59 |
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| [[Pench Tiger Reserve]] |
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|3,296.31 |
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| 1992-93 |
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|- |
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| 257 |
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|[[Dudhwa National Park|Dudhwa]] |
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| satisfactory |
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|1987–88 |
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| Moderate tiger density |
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|2010 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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| |
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] |
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|135 |
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| [[Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve]] |
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|1,093.79 |
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| 1993-94 |
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|1,107.98 |
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| 620 |
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|2,201.77 |
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| satisfactory |
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|- |
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| Moderate tiger density, High rate of man tiger conflicts |
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|[[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve|Kalakad-Mundanthurai]] |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|1988–89 |
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| [[Maharashtra]] |
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|2007 |
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| [[Shahayadri Tiger Reserve]] |
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|[[Tamil Nadu]] |
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| 2008-09 |
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|5 |
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| 569 |
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|895.00 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|706.54 |
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| [[Mizoram]] |
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|1,601.54 |
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| [[Dampa Tiger Reserve]] |
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|- |
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| 1994-95 |
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|[[Valmiki National Park|Valmiki]] |
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| 500 |
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|1989–90 |
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| poor |
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|2012 |
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| Low tiger density due to ecological reasons |
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|[[Bihar]] |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|54 |
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| [[Orissa]] |
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|598.45 |
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| [[Simlipal Tiger Reserve]] |
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|300.93 |
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| 1973-74 |
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|899.38 |
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| 2750 |
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|- |
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| poor |
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|[[Pench Tiger Reserve|Pench]] |
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| Iow tiger density, Left wing extremism |
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|1992–93 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|2007 |
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| [[Orissa]] |
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| |
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
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|77 |
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| 2008-09 |
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|411.33 |
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| 856 |
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|768.30 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|1,179.63 |
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| [[Rajasthan]] |
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|- |
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| [[Ranthambore National Park|Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve]] |
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|[[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve|Tadoba-Andhari]] |
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| 1973-74 |
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|1993–94 |
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| 1334 |
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|2007 |
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| good |
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|[[Maharashtra]] |
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| Good tiger density |
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|97 |
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|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
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|625.82 |
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| [[Rajasthan]] |
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|1,101.77 |
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| [[Sariska Tiger Reserve]] |
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|1,727.59 |
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| 1978-79 |
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|- |
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| 866 |
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|[[Bandhavgarh National Park|Bandhavgarh]] |
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| poor |
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|1993–94 |
|||
| Recovering from local extinction of tiger due to poaching |
|||
|2007 |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
| |
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
||
|135 |
|||
| [[Kalakad-Mundathurai Tiger Reserve]] |
|||
|716.9 |
|||
| 1988-89 |
|||
|820.03 |
|||
| 800 |
|||
|1,536.93 |
|||
| satisfactory |
|||
|- |
|||
| Low tiger density due to ecological reasons |
|||
|[[Panna National Park|Panna]] |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
|1994–95 |
|||
| [[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
|2007 |
|||
| [[Mudumalai National Park]] |
|||
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
| 2008 |
|||
|55 |
|||
| 321 |
|||
|576.13 |
|||
| satisfactory |
|||
|1,021.97 |
|||
| Moderate tiger density |
|||
|1,598.10 |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Uttar Pradesh]] |
|||
| |
|[[Dampa Tiger Reserve|Dampa]] |
||
|1994–95 |
|||
| 1987-88 |
|||
|2007 |
|||
| 811 |
|||
|[[Mizoram]] |
|||
| satisfactory |
|||
|0 |
|||
| Good tiger density, Poaching along borders |
|||
|500 |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
|488 |
|||
| [[Uttar Pradesh]] |
|||
|988 |
|||
| [[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2008-09 |
|||
|[[Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary|Bhadra]] |
|||
| 1089 |
|||
|1998–99 |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
|2007 |
|||
| [[Uttaranchal]] |
|||
|[[Karnataka]] |
|||
| [[Corbett Tiger Reserve]] |
|||
|28 |
|||
| 1973-74 |
|||
|492.46 |
|||
| 1316 |
|||
|571.83 |
|||
| good |
|||
|1,064.29 |
|||
| Good tiger density |
|||
|- |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
|[[Pench Tiger Reserve|Pench]] (MH) |
|||
| [[West Bengal]] |
|||
|1998–99 |
|||
| [[Buxa Tiger Reserve]] |
|||
|2007 |
|||
| 1982-83 |
|||
|[[Maharashtra]] |
|||
| 759 |
|||
| |
|48 |
||
|257.26 |
|||
| Low tiger density offences by jobless tea plantation workers |
|||
|483.96 |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
|741.22 |
|||
| [[West Bengal]] |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Sunderbans Tiger Reserve]] |
|||
|[[Pakke Tiger Reserve|Pakke]] |
|||
| 1973-74 |
|||
|1999–2000 |
|||
| 2585 |
|||
|2012 |
|||
| good |
|||
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]] |
|||
| Good tiger density |
|||
|6 |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
|683.45 |
|||
| [[Kerala]]/[[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
|515 |
|||
|[[Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park|Annamalai]]-[[Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary|Parambikulam Tiger Reserve]] |
|||
|1,198.45 |
|||
| 2008 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1410 |
|||
|[[Nameri National Park|Nameri]] |
|||
| good |
|||
|1999–2000 |
|||
| Moderate tiger density |
|||
|2000 |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
| |
|[[Assam]] |
||
|3 |
|||
| [http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=44799 Udanti & Sitanadi Tiger Reserve] |
|||
|320 |
|||
| 2008 |
|||
|144 |
|||
| 1580 |
|||
|464 |
|||
| poor |
|||
|- |
|||
| Low tiger density |
|||
|[[Satpura Tiger Reserve|Satpura]] |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
|1999–2000 |
|||
| [[Orissa]] |
|||
|2007 |
|||
| [http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=44799 Satkosia Tiger Reserve] |
|||
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
| 2007 |
|||
|50 |
|||
| 988 |
|||
|1,339.26 |
|||
| poor |
|||
|794.04 |
|||
| Low tiger density |
|||
|2,133.31 |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Chattisgarh]] |
|||
|[[Anamalai Tiger Reserve|Anamalai]] |
|||
| [http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=44799 Achanakmar Tiger Reserve] |
|||
|2008–09 |
|||
| 2008 |
|||
|2007 |
|||
| 963 |
|||
|[[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
| poor |
|||
|16 |
|||
| Low tiger density |
|||
|958.59 |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
|521.28 |
|||
| [[Karnataka]] |
|||
|1,479.87 |
|||
| [[ Dandeli]]-[[Anshi National Park|Anashi ]] [http://www.dandeliwildlife.org/ Tiger Reserve] |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2007 |
|||
|[[Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary|Udanti–Sitanadi]] |
|||
| 875 |
|||
|2008–09 |
|||
| satisfactory |
|||
|2009 |
|||
| Low tiger density |
|||
|[[Chhattisgarh]] |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
|1 |
|||
| [[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
|851.09 |
|||
| [[Sanjay National Park]] & [[Sanjay Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary]] [[Guru Ghasidas National Park]] |
|||
|991.45 |
|||
| 2008 |
|||
|1,842.54 |
|||
| 831 |
|||
|- |
|||
| poor |
|||
|[[Satkosia Tiger Reserve|Satkosia]] |
|||
| Very low tiger density |
|||
|2008–09 |
|||
|-bgcolor=#F4F9FF |
|||
|2007 |
|||
| [[Karnataka]] |
|||
|[[Odisha]] |
|||
| [[Bannerghatta National Park|Banerghatta tiger and lion reserve]] |
|||
|0 |
|||
| 1978 |
|||
|523.61 |
|||
| 104 |
|||
|440.26 |
|||
| |
|||
|963.87 |
|||
| not a Project Tiger reserve |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Kaziranga National Park|Kaziranga]] |
|||
|2008–09 |
|||
|2007 |
|||
|[[Assam]] |
|||
|104 |
|||
|625.58 |
|||
|548 |
|||
|1,173.58 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary|Achanakmar]] |
|||
|2008–09 |
|||
|2009 |
|||
|[[Chhattisgarh]] |
|||
|5 |
|||
|626.19 |
|||
|287.82 |
|||
|914.02 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Kali Tiger Reserve|Kali]] |
|||
|2008–09 |
|||
|2007 |
|||
|[[Karnataka]] |
|||
|17 |
|||
|814.88 |
|||
|282.63 |
|||
|1,097.51 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Sanjay National Park|Sanjay Dhubri]] |
|||
|2008–09 |
|||
|2011 |
|||
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
|16 |
|||
|812.57 |
|||
|861.93 |
|||
|1,674.5 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Mudumalai National Park|Mudumalai]] |
|||
|2008–09 |
|||
|2007 |
|||
|[[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
|114 |
|||
|321.00 |
|||
|367.59 |
|||
|688.59 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Nagarhole National Park|Nagarhole]] |
|||
|2008–09 |
|||
|2007 |
|||
|[[Karnataka]] |
|||
|141 |
|||
|643.35 |
|||
|562.41 |
|||
|1,205.76 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Parambikulam Tiger Reserve|Parambikulam]] |
|||
|2008–09 |
|||
|2009 |
|||
|[[Kerala]] |
|||
|31 |
|||
|390.89 |
|||
|252.77 |
|||
|643.66 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Sahyadri Tiger Reserve|Sahyadri]] |
|||
|2009–10 |
|||
|2012 |
|||
|[[Maharashtra]] |
|||
|0 |
|||
|612.00 |
|||
|565.45 |
|||
|1,165.57 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Biligiriranga Hills|Biligiri Ranganatha Temple]] |
|||
|2010–11 |
|||
|2007 |
|||
|[[Karnataka]] |
|||
|37 |
|||
|359.10 |
|||
|215.72 |
|||
|574.82 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary|Kawal]] |
|||
|2012–13 |
|||
|2012 |
|||
|[[Telangana]] |
|||
|0 |
|||
|892.23 |
|||
|1,123.21 |
|||
|2,015.44 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary|Sathyamangalam]] |
|||
|2013–14 |
|||
|2013 |
|||
|[[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
|85 |
|||
|793.49 |
|||
|614.91 |
|||
|1,408.40 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Mukandra Hills Tiger Reserve|Mukandra Hills]] |
|||
|2013–14 |
|||
|2013 |
|||
|[[Rajasthan]] |
|||
|1 |
|||
|417.17 |
|||
|342.82 |
|||
|759.99 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Navegaon National Park|Nawegaon–Nagzira]] |
|||
|2013–14 |
|||
|2015 |
|||
|[[Maharashtra]] |
|||
|11 |
|||
|653.67 |
|||
|1,241.27 |
|||
|1,894.94 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Amrabad]] |
|||
|2014 |
|||
|2015 |
|||
|[[Telangana]] |
|||
|12 |
|||
|2,166.37 |
|||
|445.02 |
|||
|2,611.39 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve|Pilibhit]] |
|||
|2014 |
|||
|2014 |
|||
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] |
|||
|63 |
|||
|602.79 |
|||
|127.45 |
|||
|730.25 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Bor Wildlife Sanctuary|Bor]] |
|||
|2014 |
|||
|2012 |
|||
|[[Maharashtra]] |
|||
|9 |
|||
|138.12 |
|||
|678.15 |
|||
|816.27 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Rajaji National Park|Rajaji]] |
|||
|2015 |
|||
|2015 |
|||
|[[Uttarakhand]] |
|||
|54 |
|||
|819.54 |
|||
|255.63 |
|||
|1,075.17 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Orang National Park|Orang]] |
|||
|2016 |
|||
|2016 |
|||
|[[Assam]] |
|||
|16 |
|||
|79.28 |
|||
|413.18 |
|||
|492.46 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary|Kamlang]] |
|||
|2016 |
|||
|2017 |
|||
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]] |
|||
|0 |
|||
|671 |
|||
|112 |
|||
|783 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Srivilliputhur - Megamalai (High wavy Mountains) Tiger Reserve|Srivilliputhur–Megamalai]] |
|||
|2021 |
|||
|2021 |
|||
|[[Tamil Nadu]] |
|||
|12 |
|||
|641.86 |
|||
|374.7 |
|||
|1,016.57 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary|Ramgarh Vishdhari]] |
|||
|2022 |
|||
|2022 |
|||
|[[Rajasthan]] |
|||
|1 |
|||
|481.91 |
|||
|1,019.99 |
|||
|1,501.90 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary|Ranipur]] |
|||
|2022 |
|||
|2022 |
|||
|[[Uttar Pradesh]] |
|||
|NA |
|||
|230.31 |
|||
|299.05 |
|||
|529.36 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve|Veerangana Durgavati]] |
|||
|2023 |
|||
|2023 |
|||
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
|NA |
|||
|1,414 |
|||
|925.12 |
|||
|2,339.12 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Karauli|Dholpur–Karauli]] |
|||
|2023 |
|||
|2023 |
|||
|[[Rajasthan]] |
|||
|NA |
|||
|599.64 |
|||
|0 |
|||
|599.64 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Guru Ghasidas - Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve|Guru Ghasidas–Tamor Pingla]]<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2074302|title=56th Tiger Reserve of the country notified in Chhattisgarh|work=[[Press Information Bureau]]|date=19 November 2024|access-date=19 November 2024|archive-date=18 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241118162354/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2074302|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
|2024 |
|||
|2024 |
|||
|[[Chhattisgarh]] |
|||
|NA |
|||
|2,049.23 |
|||
|780.15 |
|||
|2,829.38<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/travel/chhattisgarhs-guru-ghasidas-tamor-pingla-declared-indias-56th-and-3rd-largest-tiger-reserve-article-12870217.html|title=Chhattisgarh’s Guru Ghasidas-Tamor Pingla declared India’s 56th and 3rd largest tiger reserve|work=[[Moneycontrol]]|date=19 November 2024|access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ratapani Tiger Reserve|Ratapani]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Madhya Pradesh gets its eighth tiger reserve in Ratapani |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/madhya-pradesh-eighth-tiger-reserve-ratapani-9703326/ |access-date=4 December 2024 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=3 December 2024 }}</ref> |
|||
|2024 |
|||
|2024 |
|||
|[[Madhya Pradesh]] |
|||
|NA |
|||
|763.81 |
|||
|507.65 |
|||
|1,271.47 |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
*[[Amangarh Tiger Reserve]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] is a [[buffer zone]] of [[Jim Corbett National Park]] and may not be regarded as a separate tiger reserve. It has a buffer zone of {{cvt|80.6|km2}} but no core area of critical tiger habitat.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tiger Reserves|url=https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_tigerreserves|access-date=9 January 2021|publisher=[[Wildlife Institute of India]]|archive-date=13 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113182701/https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_tigerreserves|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tiger Reserves|url=https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2|access-date=19 January 2021|publisher=[[National Tiger Conservation Authority]]|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183112/https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2|url-status=live}}</ref> |
|||
==References== |
== References == |
||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
[[Category:Tiger reserves of India | ]] |
|||
{{commons category|Tiger reserves of India}} |
|||
{{Tiger Reserves Of India}} |
{{Tiger Reserves Of India}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiger Reserves Of India}} |
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[[ml:ഇന്ത്യയിലെ കടുവസംരക്ഷണ കേന്ദ്രങ്ങള്]] |
|||
[[Category:Tiger reserves of India|Tiger reserves of India]] |
|||
[[Category:Wildlife conservation in India]] |
|||
[[Category:Conservation-reliant species]] |
Latest revision as of 14:15, 4 December 2024
The tiger reserves in India were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. As of December 2024, there are 57 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves. As of 2023, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is almost 75% of the world's wild tiger population.
Goal
[edit]As per the section 38 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, the state governments are responsible preparing a Tiger Conservation Plan which includes planning and management of notified areas and maintaining the requisite competent staff to ensure the protection of the tiger reserve and providing inputs for maintaining a viable population of tigers, co-predators and prey animals.[1][2]
Tiger population
[edit]In 2006, it was estimated that there were 1,411 tigers living in the wild, the lowest ever recorded.[3] The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of wild tigers in India at 1,706. As per Ministry of Environment and Forests, the wild tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate.[4]
In 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were an estimated 2,967 wild tigers in existence in India. The wild tiger population increased to 3,682 as of 2022.[5] As India is home to majority of the global wild tiger population, the increase in population of tigers in India played a major role in driving up global populations as well; the number of wild tigers globally rose from 3,159 in 2010 to 3,890 in 2016 according to World Wildlife Fund and Global Tiger Forum.[6]
Tiger reserves
[edit]Tiger reserves were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. Tiger reserves consist of a core area which includes part(s) of protected areas such as a national park or a wildlife sanctuary and a buffer zone which is a mix of forested and non-forested land. Project tiger is aimed at performing the necessary activities to ensure viability of tiger population in the core area and to promote a balance between the existence of people and animals in the buffer zones.[7]
In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. By the late 1980s, the initial nine reserves covering an area of 9,115 km2 (3,519 sq mi) had been increased to 15 reserves covering an area of 24,700 km2 (9,500 sq mi). More than 1100 tigers were estimated to inhabit the reserves by 1984.[8] By 1997, 23 tiger reserves encompassed an area of 33,000 km2 (13,000 sq mi).[9] As of December 2024, there are 57 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves.[10]
Name | Inclusion | Last Notified | State | Tiger population (2023)[5] | Core area (km2) | Buffer area (km2) | Total area (km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bandipur | 1973–74 | 2007 | Karnataka | 150 | 872.24 | 584.06 | 1,456.3 |
Corbett | 1973–74 | 2010 | Uttarakhand | 260 | 821.99 | 466.32 | 1,288.31 |
Kanha | 1973–74 | 2007 | Madhya Pradesh | 105 | 917.43 | 1,134.36 | 2,051.79 |
Manas | 1973–74 | 2008 | Assam | 58 | 526.22 | 2,310.88 | 2,837.10 |
Melghat | 1973–74 | 2007 | Maharashtra | 57 | 1,500.49 | 1,268.03 | 2,768.52 |
Palamau | 1973–74 | 2012 | Jharkhand | 1 | 414.08 | 715.85 | 1,129.93 |
Ranthambore | 1973–74 | 2007 | Rajasthan | 57 | 1,113.36 | 297.92 | 1,411.29 |
Similipal | 1973–74 | 2007 | Odisha | 16 | 1,194.75 | 1,555.25 | 2,750 |
Sunderbans | 1973–74 | 2007 | West Bengal | 100 | 1,699.62 | 885.27 | 2,584.89 |
Periyar | 1978–79 | 2007 | Kerala | 30 | 881 | 44 | 925 |
Sariska | 1978–79 | 2007 | Rajasthan | 19 | 881.11 | 332.23 | 1,213.34 |
Buxa | 1982–83 | 2009 | West Bengal | 1 | 390.58 | 367.32 | 757.90 |
Indravati | 1982–83 | 2009 | Chhattisgarh | 1 | 1,258.37 | 1,540.70 | 2,799.07 |
Namdapha | 1982–83 | 1987 | Arunachal Pradesh | 1 | 1,807.82 | 245.00 | 2,052.82 |
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam | 1982–83 | 2007 | Andhra Pradesh | 58 | 2,595.72 | 700.59 | 3,296.31 |
Dudhwa | 1987–88 | 2010 | Uttar Pradesh | 135 | 1,093.79 | 1,107.98 | 2,201.77 |
Kalakad-Mundanthurai | 1988–89 | 2007 | Tamil Nadu | 5 | 895.00 | 706.54 | 1,601.54 |
Valmiki | 1989–90 | 2012 | Bihar | 54 | 598.45 | 300.93 | 899.38 |
Pench | 1992–93 | 2007 | Madhya Pradesh | 77 | 411.33 | 768.30 | 1,179.63 |
Tadoba-Andhari | 1993–94 | 2007 | Maharashtra | 97 | 625.82 | 1,101.77 | 1,727.59 |
Bandhavgarh | 1993–94 | 2007 | Madhya Pradesh | 135 | 716.9 | 820.03 | 1,536.93 |
Panna | 1994–95 | 2007 | Madhya Pradesh | 55 | 576.13 | 1,021.97 | 1,598.10 |
Dampa | 1994–95 | 2007 | Mizoram | 0 | 500 | 488 | 988 |
Bhadra | 1998–99 | 2007 | Karnataka | 28 | 492.46 | 571.83 | 1,064.29 |
Pench (MH) | 1998–99 | 2007 | Maharashtra | 48 | 257.26 | 483.96 | 741.22 |
Pakke | 1999–2000 | 2012 | Arunachal Pradesh | 6 | 683.45 | 515 | 1,198.45 |
Nameri | 1999–2000 | 2000 | Assam | 3 | 320 | 144 | 464 |
Satpura | 1999–2000 | 2007 | Madhya Pradesh | 50 | 1,339.26 | 794.04 | 2,133.31 |
Anamalai | 2008–09 | 2007 | Tamil Nadu | 16 | 958.59 | 521.28 | 1,479.87 |
Udanti–Sitanadi | 2008–09 | 2009 | Chhattisgarh | 1 | 851.09 | 991.45 | 1,842.54 |
Satkosia | 2008–09 | 2007 | Odisha | 0 | 523.61 | 440.26 | 963.87 |
Kaziranga | 2008–09 | 2007 | Assam | 104 | 625.58 | 548 | 1,173.58 |
Achanakmar | 2008–09 | 2009 | Chhattisgarh | 5 | 626.19 | 287.82 | 914.02 |
Kali | 2008–09 | 2007 | Karnataka | 17 | 814.88 | 282.63 | 1,097.51 |
Sanjay Dhubri | 2008–09 | 2011 | Madhya Pradesh | 16 | 812.57 | 861.93 | 1,674.5 |
Mudumalai | 2008–09 | 2007 | Tamil Nadu | 114 | 321.00 | 367.59 | 688.59 |
Nagarhole | 2008–09 | 2007 | Karnataka | 141 | 643.35 | 562.41 | 1,205.76 |
Parambikulam | 2008–09 | 2009 | Kerala | 31 | 390.89 | 252.77 | 643.66 |
Sahyadri | 2009–10 | 2012 | Maharashtra | 0 | 612.00 | 565.45 | 1,165.57 |
Biligiri Ranganatha Temple | 2010–11 | 2007 | Karnataka | 37 | 359.10 | 215.72 | 574.82 |
Kawal | 2012–13 | 2012 | Telangana | 0 | 892.23 | 1,123.21 | 2,015.44 |
Sathyamangalam | 2013–14 | 2013 | Tamil Nadu | 85 | 793.49 | 614.91 | 1,408.40 |
Mukandra Hills | 2013–14 | 2013 | Rajasthan | 1 | 417.17 | 342.82 | 759.99 |
Nawegaon–Nagzira | 2013–14 | 2015 | Maharashtra | 11 | 653.67 | 1,241.27 | 1,894.94 |
Amrabad | 2014 | 2015 | Telangana | 12 | 2,166.37 | 445.02 | 2,611.39 |
Pilibhit | 2014 | 2014 | Uttar Pradesh | 63 | 602.79 | 127.45 | 730.25 |
Bor | 2014 | 2012 | Maharashtra | 9 | 138.12 | 678.15 | 816.27 |
Rajaji | 2015 | 2015 | Uttarakhand | 54 | 819.54 | 255.63 | 1,075.17 |
Orang | 2016 | 2016 | Assam | 16 | 79.28 | 413.18 | 492.46 |
Kamlang | 2016 | 2017 | Arunachal Pradesh | 0 | 671 | 112 | 783 |
Srivilliputhur–Megamalai | 2021 | 2021 | Tamil Nadu | 12 | 641.86 | 374.7 | 1,016.57 |
Ramgarh Vishdhari | 2022 | 2022 | Rajasthan | 1 | 481.91 | 1,019.99 | 1,501.90 |
Ranipur | 2022 | 2022 | Uttar Pradesh | NA | 230.31 | 299.05 | 529.36 |
Veerangana Durgavati | 2023 | 2023 | Madhya Pradesh | NA | 1,414 | 925.12 | 2,339.12 |
Dholpur–Karauli | 2023 | 2023 | Rajasthan | NA | 599.64 | 0 | 599.64 |
Guru Ghasidas–Tamor Pingla[13] | 2024 | 2024 | Chhattisgarh | NA | 2,049.23 | 780.15 | 2,829.38[14] |
Ratapani[15] | 2024 | 2024 | Madhya Pradesh | NA | 763.81 | 507.65 | 1,271.47 |
- Amangarh Tiger Reserve in Uttar Pradesh is a buffer zone of Jim Corbett National Park and may not be regarded as a separate tiger reserve. It has a buffer zone of 80.6 km2 (31.1 sq mi) but no core area of critical tiger habitat.[16][17]
References
[edit]- ^ Tiger reserves (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ "Project Tiger" (PDF). Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- ^ "India's tiger population sees 33% increase". BBC News. 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-08-01. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
- ^ "Tiger Estimate in India" (PDF). Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. 28 March 2011. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
- ^ a b Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A. (2023). Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF) (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-05-05. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ "2967 – What the new global Tiger number means". World Wide Fund. 2016. Archived from the original on 2019-09-27. Retrieved 2019-05-27.
- ^ "Project Tiger". National Tiger Conservation Authority. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ Panwar, H. S. (1987). "Project Tiger: The reserves, the tigers, and their future". In Tilson, R. L.; Sel, U. S. (eds.). Tigers of the world: the biology, biopolitics, management, and conservation of an endangered species. Park Ridge, N.J.: Minnesota Zoological Garden, IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Group, IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. pp. 110–117. ISBN 978-0-815-51133-5.
- ^ Thapar, V. (1999). "The tragedy of the Indian tiger: starting from scratch". In Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P. (eds.). Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in human-dominated landscapes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 296–306. ISBN 978-0-521-64057-2.
- ^ "Ratapani forest notified as eighth tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh". Deccan Herald. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
- ^ "Tiger Reserves of India". Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ MEE summary report (PDF) (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ "56th Tiger Reserve of the country notified in Chhattisgarh". Press Information Bureau (Press release). 19 November 2024. Archived from the original on 18 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
- ^ "Chhattisgarh's Guru Ghasidas-Tamor Pingla declared India's 56th and 3rd largest tiger reserve". Moneycontrol. 19 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
- ^ "Madhya Pradesh gets its eighth tiger reserve in Ratapani". The Indian Express. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
- ^ "Tiger Reserves". Wildlife Institute of India. Archived from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ "Tiger Reserves". National Tiger Conservation Authority. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2021.