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{{distinguish|Misbah|Msabbaha}} |
{{distinguish|Misbah|Msabbaha}} |
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[[File:Masbaha.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Black]] Misbaha ]] |
[[File:Masbaha.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Black]] Misbaha ]] |
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A '''''Misbaha''''' ({{ |
A '''''Misbaha''''' ({{langx|ar|مِسْبَحَة|misbaḥa}}), '''''subḥa''''' ({{langx|ar|سُبْحَة|links=no}}) (Arabic and [[Urdu]]), '''''tusbaḥ''''' ([[Somali language|Somali]]), '''''tasbīḥ''''' ({{langx|ar|تَسْبِيح|links=no}}) ([[Iran]], [[India]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Kurdistan]], [[Tajikistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Indonesia]]), or '''''tespih''''' ([[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] and [[Albanian language|Albanian]]) is [[prayer beads]] often used by [[Muslims]] for the [[tasbih]], the recitation of [[Prayer|prayers]], the [[dhikr]], as well as to glorify [[Allah]].<ref name="Netton">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6JlAgAAQBAJ&q=misbaha&pg=PT554|title=Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilization and Religion|last=Netton|first=Ian Richard|date=2013-12-19|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135179670|language=en}}</ref> It is similar to the [[Japamala]] used in [[Hinduism]], [[Jainism]], [[Sikhism]], and [[Buddhism]], and the [[Rosary]] in [[Catholicism]]. |
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==Use== |
==Use== |
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A misbaḥah is a tool that is used as an aid to perform [[dhikr]], including the [[names of God in Islam]], and after [[namaz|regular prayer]].<ref name="Netton"/> It is often made of [[wood]]en or [[plastic]] beads, but also of [[olive]] seeds, [[ivory]], [[pearl]]s, and semi-precious stones such as [[carnelian]], [[onyx]], and [[amber]]. |
A misbaḥah is a tool that is used as an aid to perform [[dhikr]], including the [[names of God in Islam]], and after [[namaz|regular prayer]].<ref name="Netton"/> It is often made of [[wood]]en or [[plastic]] beads, but also of [[olive]] seeds, [[ivory]], [[pearl]]s, and semi-precious stones such as [[carnelian]], [[onyx]], and [[amber]]. |
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A typical misbahah consists of three groups of beads, separated by two distinct beads (called ''imām''s) along with one larger piece (called the ''yad'') to serve as the handle.<ref name="Wensinck 1997"/> The exact number may vary, but they usually consist of 99 beads to assist in the glorification of God following prayers: 33 [[Subhan Allah|Tasbeeh]] (subhāna-llāh ), 33 [[Alhamdulillah|Tahmeed]] (ʾal-ḥamdu li-llāh), and |
A typical misbahah consists of three groups of beads, separated by two distinct beads (called ''imām''s) along with one larger piece (called the ''yad'') to serve as the handle.<ref name="Wensinck 1997"/> The exact number may vary, but they usually consist of 99 beads to assist in the glorification of God following prayers: 33 [[Subhan Allah|Tasbeeh]] (subhāna-llāh ), 33 [[Alhamdulillah|Tahmeed]] (ʾal-ḥamdu li-llāh), and 34 [[Takbir|Takbeer]] (ʾAllāhu ʾakbar). Some suggest the 99 beads also refer to the [[99 names of Allah]]. Smaller misbahas consist of 33 beads, in which case one cycles through them three times to complete 99. However, misbahas may also consist of 100 or 200-count beads to assist in the [[dhikr]] duties of certain [[Sufi order]]s. |
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It is often carried by pilgrims, [[dervish]]es, and many ordinary Muslims of all groups, |
It is often carried by pilgrims, [[dervish]]es, and many ordinary Muslims of all groups, however some consider it heretical innovation (''[[bid'ah]]'') and only allow dhikrs to be counted on the fingers.<ref name="Wensinck 1997">{{cite book |last1=Wensinck |first1=A.J. |editor1-last=Bosworth |editor1-first=C.E. |editor2-last=van Donzel |editor2-first=E. |editor3-last=Heinrichs |editor3-first=W.P. |editor4-last=Lecomte |editor4-first=G. |title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IX (SAN-SZE) |date=1997 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=90-04-10422-4 |pages=741=2 |url=https://ia600603.us.archive.org/14/items/EncyclopaediaDictionaryIslamMuslimWorldEtcGibbKramerScholars.13/09.EncycIslam.NewEdPrepNumLeadOrient.EdEdComCon.BosDonHeinLec.etc.UndPatIUA.v9.San-Sze.Leid.EJBrill.1997..pdf |access-date=18 May 2022 |chapter=SUBḤA}}</ref> Many Shi'is use beads made from clay from [[Karbala]], sometimes colored red in memory of the martyred [[Imam Husayn]]'s blood or green in memory of his brother [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]] (who supposedly turned green from poisoning).<ref name="Wensinck 1997"/> |
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Misbahahs are also used culturally to [[worry beads|reduce stress]] or as an indication of status in society. |
Misbahahs are also used culturally to [[worry beads|reduce stress]] or as an indication of status in society. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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In the early Muslim era, prayers were counted on fingers or with pebbles. |
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عَنْ كِنَانَةَ مَوْلَى صَفِيَّةَ قَال سَمِعْتُ صَفِيَّةَ تَقُولُ دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبَيْنَ يَدَيَّ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ نَوَاةٍ أُسَبِّحُ بِهَا فَقَالَ لَقَدْ سَبَّحْتِ بِهَذِهِ أَلَا أُعَلِّمُكِ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا سَبَّحْتِ بِهِ فَقُلْتُ بَلَى عَلِّمْنِي فَقَالَ قُولِي سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ خَلْقِهِ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ لَا نَعْرِفُهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ صَفِيَّةَ إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ هَاشِمِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْكُوفِيِّ وَلَيْسَ إِسْنَادُهُ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَفِي الْبَاب عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ |
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"Dari Kinanah budak Shafiyah berkata, saya mendengar Shafiyah berkata: Rasulullah pernah menemuiku dan di tanganku ada empat ribu nawat (bijian korma) yang aku pakai untuk menghitung dzikirku. Aku berkata,”Aku telah bertasbih dengan ini.” Rasulullah bersabda,”Maukah aku ajari engkau (dengan) yang lebih baik dari pada yang engkau pakai bertasbih?” Saya menjawab,”Ajarilah aku,” maka Rasulullah bersabda,”Ucapkanlah : |
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سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَدَدَ خَلْقِهِ. (Maha Suci Allah sejumlah apa yang diciptakan oleh Allah dari sesuatu).” (HR Tirmidzi, beliau berkata,”Hadist ini gharib. Saya tidak mengetahuinya, kecuali lewat jalan ini, yaitu Hasyim bin Sa’id Al Kufi.” Ibnu Hajar dalam kitab At Taqrib menyebutnya dhaif (lemah), begitu juga gurunya, Kinanah Maula Shafiyah didhaifkan oleh Al Adzdi.)</ref> |
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According to the 17th-century Shia cleric ʻ[[Allamah|Allāmah]] [[Muhammad Baqir Majlisi]], after the 625CE [[Battle of Uhud|Battle of Uḥud]], [[Fatimah bint Muhammad|Fāṭimah]] (the daughter of [[Muhammad]]) would visit the Martyrs' graveyard every two or three days, and then made a misbaḥah of [[Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib|Ḥamzah ibn ʻAbd al-Muṭṭalib's]] grave-soil. After that, people started making and using ''misbaḥahs''.{{Citation needed|date= December 2008}} |
According to the 17th-century Shia cleric ʻ[[Allamah|Allāmah]] [[Muhammad Baqir Majlisi]], after the 625CE [[Battle of Uhud|Battle of Uḥud]], [[Fatimah bint Muhammad|Fāṭimah]] (the daughter of [[Muhammad]]) would visit the Martyrs' graveyard every two or three days, and then made a misbaḥah of [[Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib|Ḥamzah ibn ʻAbd al-Muṭṭalib's]] grave-soil. After that, people started making and using ''misbaḥahs''.{{Citation needed|date= December 2008}} |
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** [[Prayer rope]] |
** [[Prayer rope]] |
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** [[Kombolói]] |
** [[Kombolói]] |
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** [[Japa mala|Mala]] |
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** [[Japamala]] |
** [[Japamala]] |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Tasbih1924.jpg|Misbaha, dated 1909 (1327 AH) |
File:Tasbih1924.jpg|Misbaha, dated 1909 (1327 AH) |
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File:Tespih fcm.jpg|Blue Misbaha |
File:Tespih (fcm).jpg|Blue Misbaha |
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File:Big and small of it (306438345).jpg|Colorful Misbaha |
File:Big and small of it (306438345).jpg|Colorful Misbaha |
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File:Tasbih of Silver.JPG|Tasbih of Silver |
File:Tasbih of Silver.JPG|Tasbih of Silver |
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Latest revision as of 14:42, 4 December 2024
A Misbaha (Arabic: مِسْبَحَة, romanized: misbaḥa), subḥa (Arabic: سُبْحَة) (Arabic and Urdu), tusbaḥ (Somali), tasbīḥ (Arabic: تَسْبِيح) (Iran, India, Afghanistan, Kurdistan, Tajikistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malaysia and Indonesia), or tespih (Turkish, Bosnian and Albanian) is prayer beads often used by Muslims for the tasbih, the recitation of prayers, the dhikr, as well as to glorify Allah.[1] It is similar to the Japamala used in Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, and Buddhism, and the Rosary in Catholicism.
Use
[edit]A misbaḥah is a tool that is used as an aid to perform dhikr, including the names of God in Islam, and after regular prayer.[1] It is often made of wooden or plastic beads, but also of olive seeds, ivory, pearls, and semi-precious stones such as carnelian, onyx, and amber.
A typical misbahah consists of three groups of beads, separated by two distinct beads (called imāms) along with one larger piece (called the yad) to serve as the handle.[2] The exact number may vary, but they usually consist of 99 beads to assist in the glorification of God following prayers: 33 Tasbeeh (subhāna-llāh ), 33 Tahmeed (ʾal-ḥamdu li-llāh), and 34 Takbeer (ʾAllāhu ʾakbar). Some suggest the 99 beads also refer to the 99 names of Allah. Smaller misbahas consist of 33 beads, in which case one cycles through them three times to complete 99. However, misbahas may also consist of 100 or 200-count beads to assist in the dhikr duties of certain Sufi orders.
It is often carried by pilgrims, dervishes, and many ordinary Muslims of all groups, however some consider it heretical innovation (bid'ah) and only allow dhikrs to be counted on the fingers.[2] Many Shi'is use beads made from clay from Karbala, sometimes colored red in memory of the martyred Imam Husayn's blood or green in memory of his brother Hasan (who supposedly turned green from poisoning).[2]
Misbahahs are also used culturally to reduce stress or as an indication of status in society.
History
[edit]In the early Muslim era, prayers were counted on fingers or with pebbles.
According to the 17th-century Shia cleric ʻAllāmah Muhammad Baqir Majlisi, after the 625CE Battle of Uḥud, Fāṭimah (the daughter of Muhammad) would visit the Martyrs' graveyard every two or three days, and then made a misbaḥah of Ḥamzah ibn ʻAbd al-Muṭṭalib's grave-soil. After that, people started making and using misbaḥahs.[citation needed]
Some hadiths state the benefit of using the fingers of the right hand to count tasbīḥ following regular prayers.[3]
The practice of using misbahahs most likely originated among Sufis and poor people.[2] Opposition to the practice is known from as late as the 15th century, when al-Suyuti wrote an apologia for it.[2]
See also
[edit]Gallery
[edit]-
Misbaha, dated 1909 (1327 AH) -
Blue Misbaha -
Colorful Misbaha -
Tasbih of Silver -
Istanbul Prayer beads museum Portrait painted beads -
Istanbul Prayer beads museum Amberoid beads
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Citations
[edit]- ^ a b Netton, Ian Richard (2013-12-19). Encyclopedia of Islamic Civilization and Religion. Routledge. ISBN 9781135179670.
- ^ a b c d e Wensinck, A.J. (1997). "SUBḤA". In Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. IX (SAN-SZE) (PDF). Leiden: Brill. pp. 741=2. ISBN 90-04-10422-4. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
- ^ Narrated Yusayrah, mother of Yasir: The Prophet (saw) commanded them (the women emigrants) to be regular (in remembering Allah by saying): "Allah is most great"; "Glory be to the King, the Holy"; "there is no god but Allah"; and that they should count them on fingers, for they (the fingers) will be questioned and asked to speak. (Book #8, Hadith #1496)
Bibliography
[edit]- Dubin, Lois Sherr (2009). "Prayer Beads". The History of Beads: From 100,000 B.C. to the Present (Rev. and expanded ed.). New York: Abrams. pp. 79–92. ISBN 9780810951747.
- Henry, Gray; Marriott, Susannah (2008). Beads of Faith: Pathways to Meditation and Spirituality Using Rosaries, Prayer Beads and Sacred Words. Louisville, Ky.: Fons Vitae. ISBN 9781887752954.
- Majlesi, Mohammad Baqer. Biḥār al-Anwār (in Arabic). Vol. 110. pp. 133, 64.
- Untracht, Oppi (2008). "Rosaries of India". Traditional Jewelry of India. New York: Thames & Hudson. pp. 69–73. ISBN 9780500287491.
- Wiley, Eleanor; Shannon, Maggie Oman (2002). A String and a Prayer: How to Make and Use Prayer Beads. Boston: Red Wheel/Weiser. ISBN 1590030109.
