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{{Royal house
{{Royal house
| surname = House of Bernadotte
| surname = House of Bernadotte
| estate = Sweden, Norway
| estate = Sweden
| coat of arms = [[File:Arms of Bernadotte.svg|120px]]
| coat of arms = Bernadotte coa.svg
| caption = Arms of Bernadotte
| caption = Arms of Bernadotte
| country = {{hlist|France|[[Sweden]]|[[Norway]]}}
| country = {{hlist|France|[[Sweden]]|[[Norway]] (former)}}
⚫
| titles = * [[List of Swedish monarchs|King of Sweden]]
| titles =
⚫
* [[List of Swedish monarchs|King of Sweden]]
''"By the Grace of God, King of the Swedes, [[King of the Goths|the Goths]] and [[King of the Wends|the Wends]]"'' (used until 1973)
''"By the Grace of God, King of the Swedes, [[King of the Goths|the Goths]] and [[King of the Wends|the Wends]]"'' (used until 1973)


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*[[List of Norwegian monarchs|King of Norway]] (1818–1905)
*[[List of Norwegian monarchs|King of Norway]] (1818–1905)
''"By the Grace of God, King of Norway"''
''"By the Grace of God, King of Norway"''
Prince of Pontecorvo
| founder = [[Charles XIV John]]
| founder = [[Charles XIV John]]
| final ruler = Norway: [[Oscar II]]
| final ruler = Norway: [[Oscar II]]
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| founding year = {{Start date and age|1818}}
| founding year = {{Start date and age|1818}}
| deposition = Norway: 1905 [[Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden]]
| deposition = Norway: 1905 [[Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden]]
Pontecorvo: 1810
}}
}}


The '''House of Bernadotte'''{{efn|Pronunciation: {{IPAc-en|UK|ˌ|b|ɜr|n|ə|ˈ|d|ɒ|t}} {{respell|BUR|nə|DOT}}, {{IPAc-en|US|-|ˈ|d|ɔː|t|,_|ˈ|b|ɜr|n|ə|d|ɒ|t}} {{respell|-|DAWT|,_|BUR|nə|dot}};<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Bernadotte|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190427112451/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/bernadotte,_folke "Bernadotte, Folke"] (US) and {{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Bernadotte,+Folke |title=Bernadotte, Folke |dictionary=[[Lexico|Oxford Dictionaries]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> {{IPA-sv|bæɳaˈdɔtː|lang}}.}} is the [[monarchy of Sweden|royal family]] of [[Sweden]] since its foundation there in 1818. It was also the [[monarchy of Norway|royal family]] of [[Norway]] between 1818 and 1905. Its founder, [[Charles XIV John of Sweden]], was born in [[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]] in southern France as Jean Bernadotte. Bernadotte, who had been made a [[General of Division]] and [[Ministry of War (France)|Minister of War]] for his service in the French Army during the [[French Revolution]], and [[Marshal of the Empire|Marshal of the French Empire]] and [[Principality of Pontecorvo|Prince of Ponte Corvo]] under [[Napoleon]], was adopted by the elderly King [[Charles XIII of Sweden]], who had no other heir and whose [[House of Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish line)|Holstein-Gottorp branch]] of the [[House of Oldenburg]] thus was soon to be extinct on the Swedish throne.
The '''House of Bernadotte'''{{efn|Pronunciation: {{IPAc-en|UK|ˌ|b|ɜr|n|ə|ˈ|d|ɒ|t}} {{respell|BUR|nə|DOT}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˌ|b|ɜr|n|ə|ˈ|d|ɔː|t|,_|ˈ|b|ɜr|n|ə|d|ɒ|t}} {{respell|BUR|nə|DAWT|,_-|dot}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Bernadotte|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190427112451/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/bernadotte,_folke "Bernadotte, Folke"] (US) and {{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Bernadotte,+Folke |title=Bernadotte, Folke |dictionary=[[Lexico|Oxford Dictionaries]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> {{IPA|sv|bæɳaˈdɔtː|lang}}, {{IPA|fr|bɛʁnadɔt|lang}}.}} is the [[monarchy of Sweden|royal family]] of [[Sweden]], founded there in 1818 by King [[Charles XIV John of Sweden]]. It was also the [[monarchy of Norway|royal family]] of [[Norway]] between 1818 and 1905. Its founder was born in [[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]] in southern France as Jean Bernadotte. Bernadotte, who had been made a [[General of Division]] and [[Ministry of War (France)|Minister of War]] for his service in the French Army during the [[French Revolution]], and [[Marshal of the Empire|Marshal of the French Empire]] and [[Principality of Pontecorvo|Prince of Ponte Corvo]] under [[Napoleon]], was adopted by the elderly King [[Charles XIII of Sweden]], who had no other heir and whose [[House of Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish line)|Holstein-Gottorp branch]] of the [[House of Oldenburg]] thus was soon to be extinct on the Swedish throne. The current king of Sweden, [[Carl XVI Gustaf]], is a direct descendant of Charles XIV John.


== History of the house ==
== History of the house ==
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Following the conclusion of the [[Finnish War]] in 1809, Sweden lost possession of [[Finland]], which had constituted roughly the eastern half of the Swedish realm for centuries. Resentment towards King [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|Gustav IV Adolf]] precipitated an abrupt ''[[coup d'état]]''. Gustav Adolf (and his son [[Gustav, Prince of Vasa|Gustav]]) was deposed and his uncle [[Charles XIII of Sweden|Charles XIII]] was elected King in his place. However, Charles XIII was 61 years old and prematurely senile. He was also childless; one child had been stillborn and another died after less than a week. It was apparent almost as soon as Charles XIII ascended the throne that the Swedish branch of the House of Holstein-Gottorp would die with him. In 1810 the [[Riksdag of the Estates]], the Swedish parliament, elected a [[Denmark|Danish]] prince, Prince Christian August of Augustenborg, as heir-presumptive to the throne. He took the name [[Charles August, Crown Prince of Sweden|Charles August]], but died later that same year.
Following the conclusion of the [[Finnish War]] in 1809, Sweden lost possession of [[Finland]], which had constituted roughly the eastern half of the Swedish realm for centuries. Resentment towards King [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|Gustav IV Adolf]] precipitated an abrupt ''[[coup d'état]]''. Gustav Adolf (and his son [[Gustav, Prince of Vasa|Gustav]]) was deposed and his uncle [[Charles XIII of Sweden|Charles XIII]] was elected King in his place. However, Charles XIII was 61 years old and prematurely senile. He was also childless; one child had been stillborn and another died after less than a week. It was apparent almost as soon as Charles XIII ascended the throne that the Swedish branch of the House of Holstein-Gottorp would die with him. In 1810 the [[Riksdag of the Estates]], the Swedish parliament, elected a [[Denmark|Danish]] prince, Prince Christian August of Augustenborg, as heir-presumptive to the throne. He took the name [[Charles August, Crown Prince of Sweden|Charles August]], but died later that same year.


At this time, Emperor [[Napoleon I of France]] controlled much of continental Europe, and some of his [[Napoleonic Empire|client kingdoms]] were headed by his brothers. The Riksdag decided to choose a king of whom Napoleon would approve. On 21 August 1810, the Riksdag elected Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, a [[Marshal of France]], as [[heir presumptive]] to the Swedish throne.
At this time, Emperor [[Napoleon I of France]] controlled much of continental Europe, and some of his [[Napoleonic Empire|client states]] were headed by his siblings. The Riksdag decided to choose a king of whom Napoleon would approve. On 21 August 1810, the Riksdag elected Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, a [[Marshal of France]], as [[heir presumptive]] to the Swedish throne.
[[File:Karl XIV Johan, king of Sweden and Norway, painted by Fredric Westin.jpg|thumb|left|175px|[[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Charles John]], born Jean Bernadotte, King of Sweden and Norway 1818–1844<br />Portrait by [[Fredric Westin]].]]
[[File:Karl XIV Johan, king of Sweden and Norway, painted by Fredric Westin.jpg|thumb|left|175px|[[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Charles John]], born Jean Bernadotte, King of Sweden and Norway 1818–1844<br />Portrait by [[Fredric Westin]].]]


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Bernadotte, born in the town of [[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]], in the province of [[Béarn]], France, had risen to the rank of general during the [[French Revolution]]. In 1798, he married [[Désirée Clary]], whose sister was married to [[Joseph Bonaparte|Joseph]], Napoleon's elder brother. In 1804, Napoleon promoted Bernadotte to a Marshal of France. Napoleon also granted him the title "Prince of [[Pontecorvo]]".
Bernadotte, born in the town of [[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]], in the province of [[Béarn]], France, had risen to the rank of general during the [[French Revolution]]. In 1798, he married [[Désirée Clary]], whose sister was married to [[Joseph Bonaparte|Joseph]], Napoleon's elder brother. In 1804, Napoleon promoted Bernadotte to a Marshal of France. Napoleon also granted him the title "Prince of [[Pontecorvo]]".


As the [[Crown Prince]] of Sweden, he assumed the name Charles John ({{lang-sv|Karl Johan}}) and acted as regent for the remainder of Charles XIII's reign. In 1813, he broke with Napoleon and led Sweden into the [[Sixth Coalition|anti-Napoleon alliance]]. When Norway was awarded to Sweden by the [[Treaty of Kiel]], Norway resisted and declared independence, triggering a [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)|brief war between Sweden and Norway]]. The war ended when Bernadotte persuaded Norway to enter into a [[Union between Sweden and Norway|personal union with Sweden]]. Instead of being merely a Swedish province, Norway remained an independent kingdom, though sharing a common monarch and foreign policy. Bernadotte reigned as [[Charles XIV John of Sweden]] and Charles III John of Norway from 5 February 1818 until his death on 8 March 1844.
As the [[Crown Prince]] of Sweden, he assumed the name Charles John ({{langx|sv|Karl Johan}}) and acted as regent for the remainder of Charles XIII's reign. In 1813, he broke with Napoleon and led Sweden into the [[Sixth Coalition|anti-Napoleon alliance]]. When Norway was awarded to Sweden by the [[Treaty of Kiel]], Norway resisted and declared independence, triggering a [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)|brief war between Sweden and Norway]]. The war ended when Bernadotte persuaded Norway to enter into a [[Union between Sweden and Norway|personal union with Sweden]]. Instead of being merely a Swedish province, Norway remained an independent kingdom, though sharing a common monarch and foreign policy. Bernadotte reigned as [[Charles XIV John of Sweden]] and Charles III John of Norway from 5 February 1818 until his death on 8 March 1844.


The House of Bernadotte reigned in both countries until the [[dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden]] in 1905. Prince Carl of Denmark was then elected as King [[Haakon VII of Norway]]. Carl was a grandson of King [[Charles XV of Sweden]] and a great-great-grandson of Charles XIV.
The House of Bernadotte reigned in both countries until the [[dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden]] in 1905. Prince Carl of Denmark was then elected as King [[Haakon VII of Norway]]. Carl was a grandson of King [[Charles XV of Sweden]] and a great-great-grandson of Charles XIV.
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[[File:John Evangelist Bernadotte c 1811.jpg|thumb|175px|Baron J. E. Bernadotte]]
[[File:John Evangelist Bernadotte c 1811.jpg|thumb|175px|Baron J. E. Bernadotte]]
-->
-->
King [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Charles John]]'s first known paternal ancestor was Joandou du Poey, who was a shepherd. He married Germaine de Bernadotte in 1615 in the southern French city of [[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]] and began using her [[surname]]. Through her the couple owned a building there called ''de Bernadotte''.<ref>''Ätten Bernadotte : biografiska anteckningar'', [Andra tillökade uppl.], Johannes Almén, C. & E. Gernandts förlag, Stockholm 1893, p. 1</ref>
King [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Charles John]]'s first known paternal ancestor was Joandou du Poey, who was a shepherd. He married Germaine de Bernadotte in 1615 in the southern French city of [[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]] and began using her [[surname]]. Through her the couple owned a building there called ''de Bernadotte'',<ref>''Ätten Bernadotte : biografiska anteckningar'', [Andra tillökade uppl.], Johannes Almén, C. & E. Gernandts förlag, Stockholm 1893, p. 1</ref> the surname theoretically meaning ''Young woman of [[Béarn]]'' in local dialect.<ref>{{cite book | last=Demitz | first=Jacob Truedson | title=Centuries of Selfies: Portraits commissioned by Swedish kings and queens| publisher=Vulkan Förlag | publication-place=Stockholm; New York | date=2020 | isbn=978-91-89179-63-9 | others=Preface by [[Ulf Sundberg]]|title-link=Centuries of Selfies|pages=155}}</ref>


A grandson of theirs, Jean Bernadotte (1649–1698), was a weaver.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gw.geneanet.org/eallain?lang=fr;pz=timothe;nz=billard;ocz=0;p=jean;n=bernadotte |title=Jean Bernadotte |publisher=geneanet.org |language=fr}}</ref>
A grandson of theirs, Jean Bernadotte (1649–1698), was a weaver.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gw.geneanet.org/eallain?lang=fr;pz=timothe;nz=billard;ocz=0;p=jean;n=bernadotte |title=Jean Bernadotte |publisher=geneanet.org |language=fr}}</ref>
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Another Jean Bernadotte (1683–1760), his son, was a tailor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gw.geneanet.org/eallain?lang=fr;pz=timothe;nz=billard;ocz=0;p=jean;n=bernadotte;oc=1 |title=Jean Bernadotte |publisher=geneanet.org |language=fr}}</ref>
Another Jean Bernadotte (1683–1760), his son, was a tailor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gw.geneanet.org/eallain?lang=fr;pz=timothe;nz=billard;ocz=0;p=jean;n=bernadotte;oc=1 |title=Jean Bernadotte |publisher=geneanet.org |language=fr}}</ref>


His son Henri Bernadotte (1711–1780) married Jeanne de Saint-Jean (1728–1809) and with her was the father of the future Swedish–Norwegian king. Henri was a local [[prosecutor]], from a family of [[artisan]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndf.fr/la-une/18-03-2011/bernadotte-un-general-de-napoleon-devenu-du-roi-de-suede | title=Bernadotte : un général de Napoléon devenu du Roi de Suède | date=18 March 2011 |publisher=ndf.fr |language=fr}}</ref> who had once been imprisoned for debt.<ref>''Bulletin du Musée Bernadotte'' volume 3–4, Pau 1958–1959, p. 57</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lefrancofil.com/4990/suede/le-fabuleux-destin-de-jean-baptiste-bernadotte/ | title=Le fabuleux destin de Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte : de Pau à Marseille | date=27 August 2010 |publisher=lefrancofil.com |language=fr}}</ref> This was a modest family which occupied only one floor of the house in a cross street in a popular and peripheral district of Pau.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.larepubliquedespyrenees.fr/2010/09/28/victoria-sur-les-pas-de-son-aieul,158177.php | title=Victoria de Suède sur les pas de son aïeul |publisher=larepubliquedespyrenees.fr |language=fr}}</ref>
His son Henri Bernadotte (1711–1780) married Jeanne de Saint-Jean (1728–1809) and with her was the father of the future Swedish–Norwegian king. Henri was a local [[prosecutor]], from a family of [[artisan]]s,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndf.fr/la-une/18-03-2011/bernadotte-un-general-de-napoleon-devenu-du-roi-de-suede | title=Bernadotte : un général de Napoléon devenu du Roi de Suède | date=18 March 2011 |publisher=ndf.fr |language=fr}}</ref> who had once been imprisoned for debt.<ref>''Bulletin du Musée Bernadotte'' volume 3–4, Pau 1958–1959, p. 57</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lefrancofil.com/4990/suede/le-fabuleux-destin-de-jean-baptiste-bernadotte/ | title=Le fabuleux destin de Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte : de Pau à Marseille | date=27 August 2010 |publisher=lefrancofil.com |language=fr}}</ref> This was a modest family which occupied only one floor of the house in a cross street in a popular and peripheral district of Pau.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.larepubliquedespyrenees.fr/2010/09/28/victoria-sur-les-pas-de-son-aieul,158177.php | title=Victoria de Suède sur les pas de son aïeul | date=28 September 2010 |publisher=larepubliquedespyrenees.fr |language=fr}}</ref>


Two branches of the French Bernadotte family survive. The elder descends from Andrew (''André'') Bernadotte, an older granduncle of Carl John's, with descendants today in the general population of France. The younger branch divided in two, one branch descending from the king's older brother John (''Jean Évangéliste'') Bernadotte (1754–1813), the heads of which were French [[baron]]s as of 1810 with [[Louvie-Juzon|Louvie]] Castle<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mediatheques.agglo-pau.fr/getImage/default.ashx?INSTANCE=exploitation&EIDMPA=IFD_FICJOINT_0006883&D=20120302095634 |title=Photo du Château Louvie, à Jurançon – Côté Est |publisher=J. Callizo, photographe (1909) |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312110159/http://mediatheques.agglo-pau.fr/getImage/default.ashx?INSTANCE=exploitation&EIDMPA=IFD_FICJOINT_0006883&D=20120302095634 |archive-date=2016-03-12 }}</ref> in the south of Pau as their seat (branch extinct with the death of Baron Henri Bernadotte in 1966), and the other branch being the Swedish Royal House.<ref>''Bulletin du Musée Bernadotte'' charts on ancestry</ref>
Two branches of the French Bernadotte family survive. The elder descends from Andrew (''André'') Bernadotte, an older granduncle of Carl John's, with descendants today in the general population of France. The younger branch divided in two, one branch descending from the king's older brother John (''Jean Évangéliste'') Bernadotte (1754–1813), the heads of which were French [[baron]]s as of 1810 with [[Louvie-Juzon|Louvie]] Palace<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mediatheques.agglo-pau.fr/getImage/default.ashx?INSTANCE=exploitation&EIDMPA=IFD_FICJOINT_0006883&D=20120302095634 |title=Photo du Château Louvie, à Jurançon – Côté Est |publisher=J. Callizo, photographe (1909) |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312110159/http://mediatheques.agglo-pau.fr/getImage/default.ashx?INSTANCE=exploitation&EIDMPA=IFD_FICJOINT_0006883&D=20120302095634 |archive-date=2016-03-12 }}</ref> in the south of Pau as their seat (branch extinct with the death of Baron Henri Bernadotte in 1966), and the other branch being the Swedish Royal House.<ref>''Bulletin du Musée Bernadotte'' charts on ancestry</ref>


== Kings of Sweden ==
== Kings of Sweden ==
[[File:Great coat of arms of Sweden.svg|400px|thumb|Greater Coat of Arms of Sweden]]
[[File:Great coat of arms of Sweden.svg|thumb|Greater Coat of Arms of Sweden]]


*1818–1844: [[Charles XIV John]]
*1818–1844: [[Charles XIV John]]
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== Entire royal house ==
== Entire royal house ==


This is a list only of the royal house, not of the royal whole family. It excludes in-laws and living persons (2022) who were royal, that is members of the royal house, when they were born but no longer are that today. Royalty currently alive is listed in ''italics''. All are listed primarily as Swedish royalty unless otherwise noted.
This is a list only of the royal house, not of the royal whole family. It excludes in-laws and living persons (2022) who were royal, i.e. born members of the royal house, who no longer are royal today. Royals currently alive are listed in ''italics''. All are listed primarily as Swedish royalty unless otherwise noted.


*'''[[Charles XIV John of Sweden|King Charles XIV John]]''' (1763–1844) of Sweden, Charles III John of Norway
*'''[[Charles XIV John of Sweden|King Charles XIV John]]''' (1763–1844) of Sweden, Charles III John of Norway
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********''[[Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland]] (b. 1979)''
********''[[Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland]] (b. 1979)''
********''[[Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland]] (b. 1982)
********''[[Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland]] (b. 1982)
*******''[[Princess Birgitta of Sweden|Princess Birgitta of Sweden and Hohenzollern]] (b. 1937)''
*******[[Princess Birgitta of Sweden|Princess Birgitta]] (1937–2024)
******[[Count Sigvard Bernadotte of Wisborg|Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland]] (1907–2002)
******[[Count Sigvard Bernadotte of Wisborg|Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland]] (1907–2002)
******[[Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland]] (1912–1997)
******[[Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland]] (1912–1997)
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***[[Prince August, Duke of Dalarna|Prince August]] of Sweden and Norway (1831–1873), Duke of Dalarna
***[[Prince August, Duke of Dalarna|Prince August]] of Sweden and Norway (1831–1873), Duke of Dalarna
***[[Princess Eugenie of Sweden]] and Norway (1830–1889)
***[[Princess Eugenie of Sweden]] and Norway (1830–1889)


{{Chart top|collapsed=yes|House of Bernadotte and Link to Earlier Swedish Dynasties}}

{{Tree chart/start}}
{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | |C14| |Eug|y|Ama| | | | | |Gu4
|C14='''[[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Charles XIV John]]'''<br/>(1763–1844)<br/>[[Swedish Act of Succession|Elected Crown Prince by the Riksdag 1810]]<br/>{{R.|1818|1844}}
|boxstyle_C14=border-color:#C00; border-width:2px
|Eug=[[Eugène de Beauharnais]]<br/>(1781–1824)
|Ama=[[Princess Augusta of Bavaria]]<br/>(1788–1851)
|Gu4='''[[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|Gustav IV Adolf]]'''<br/>(1778–1837)<br/>{{R.|1792|[[Coup of 1809|1809]]}}
|boxstyle_Gu4=border-color:#C00; border-width:2px
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|'| | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.|
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | |Os1|y|Jos| | | | | |Leo|y|Sop| |Guv
|Jos=[[Josephine of Leuchtenberg]]<br/>(1807–1876)
|Os1='''[[Oscar I of Sweden|Oscar I]]'''<br/>(1799–1859)<br/>{{R.|1844|1859}}
|boxstyle_Os1=border-color:#C00; border-width:2px
|Sop=[[Princess Sophie of Sweden|Princess Sophie]]<br/>(1801–1865)
|Leo=[[Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden]]<br/>(1790–1852)
|Guv=[[Gustavus, Crown Prince of Sweden|Crown Prince Gustav]]<br/>(1799–1877)
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | |,|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|'|
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | |C15| |GuUp| |Os2| |Frb|
|Os2='''[[Oscar II of Sweden|Oscar II]]'''<br/>(1829–1907)<br/>{{R.|1872|1907}}
|boxstyle_Os2=border-color:#C00; border-width:2px
|C15='''[[Charles XV of Sweden|Charles XV]]'''<br/>(1826–1872)<br/>{{R.|1859|1872}}
|boxstyle_C15=border-color:#C00; border-width:2px
|GuUp=[[Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland|Prince Gustaf]]<br/>[[Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland|Duke of Uppland]]<br/>(1827–1852)
|Frb=[[Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden]]<br/>(1826–1907)
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |!|
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| |FreVIII|~|LouSwe| |CaO| |Gu5|y|Vic|
|FreVIII=[[Frederik VIII of Denmark]]<br/>(1843–1912)
|LouSwe=[[Louise of Sweden|Princess Louise]]<br/>[[List of Danish consorts|Queen consort of Denmark]]<br/>(1851–1926)
|Vic=[[Victoria of Baden]]<br/>(1862–1930)
|Gu5='''[[Gustaf V of Sweden|Gustaf V]]'''<br/>(1858–1950)<br/>{{R.|1907|1950}}
|boxstyle_Gu5=border-color:#C00; border-width:2px
|CaO=[[Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland|Prince Carl Oscar]]<br/>[[Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland|Duke of Södermanland]]<br/>(1852–1854)
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|'|
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | |Gu6|
|Gu6='''[[Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden|Gustaf VI Adolf]]'''<br/>(1882–1973)<br/>{{R.|1950|1973}}
|boxstyle_Gu6=border-color:#C00; border-width:2px
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | |Gua|
|Gua=[[Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten|Prince Gustaf Adolf]]<br/>[[Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten|Duke of Västerbotten]]<br/>(1906–1947)
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | |C16|
|C16='''[[Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden|Carl XVI Gustaf]]'''<br/>(b. 1946)<br/>{{R.|1973|present}}
|boxstyle_C16=border-color:#C00; border-width:2px
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.|
}}

{{Tree chart|border=1| | | | | | | | | | | | | |Vic| |CaPh|
|Vic=[[Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden|Crown Princess Victoria]]<br/>[[Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden|Duchess of Västergötland]]<br/>1977–<br/>(Crown Princess from 1980)
|CaPh=[[Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland|Prince Carl Philip]]<br/>[[Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland|Duke of Värmland]]<br/>(b. 1979)<br/>(Crown Prince 1979–1980)

}}

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|Este=[[Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland|Princess Estelle]]<br/>[[Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland|Duchess of Östergötland]]<br/>(b. 2012)
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== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 132: Line 225:
*[[Line of succession to the Swedish throne]]
*[[Line of succession to the Swedish throne]]
*[[Coat of arms of Sweden]]
*[[Coat of arms of Sweden]]
*[[List of coats of arms of the House of Bernadotte]]
*[[Armorial of the House of Bernadotte]]
*[[Bernadotte Armorial]]


== Notes ==
== Notes ==

Latest revision as of 17:03, 4 December 2024

House of Bernadotte
Arms of Bernadotte
Country
Founded1818; 206 years ago (1818)
FounderCharles XIV John
Current headCarl XVI Gustaf
Final rulerNorway: Oscar II
Titles

"By the Grace of God, King of the Swedes, the Goths and the Wends" (used until 1973)

Former titles

"By the Grace of God, King of Norway"

Prince of Pontecorvo
Estate(s)Sweden
DepositionNorway: 1905 Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden Pontecorvo: 1810

The House of Bernadotte[a] is the royal family of Sweden, founded there in 1818 by King Charles XIV John of Sweden. It was also the royal family of Norway between 1818 and 1905. Its founder was born in Pau in southern France as Jean Bernadotte. Bernadotte, who had been made a General of Division and Minister of War for his service in the French Army during the French Revolution, and Marshal of the French Empire and Prince of Ponte Corvo under Napoleon, was adopted by the elderly King Charles XIII of Sweden, who had no other heir and whose Holstein-Gottorp branch of the House of Oldenburg thus was soon to be extinct on the Swedish throne. The current king of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf, is a direct descendant of Charles XIV John.

History of the house

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Following the conclusion of the Finnish War in 1809, Sweden lost possession of Finland, which had constituted roughly the eastern half of the Swedish realm for centuries. Resentment towards King Gustav IV Adolf precipitated an abrupt coup d'état. Gustav Adolf (and his son Gustav) was deposed and his uncle Charles XIII was elected King in his place. However, Charles XIII was 61 years old and prematurely senile. He was also childless; one child had been stillborn and another died after less than a week. It was apparent almost as soon as Charles XIII ascended the throne that the Swedish branch of the House of Holstein-Gottorp would die with him. In 1810 the Riksdag of the Estates, the Swedish parliament, elected a Danish prince, Prince Christian August of Augustenborg, as heir-presumptive to the throne. He took the name Charles August, but died later that same year.

At this time, Emperor Napoleon I of France controlled much of continental Europe, and some of his client states were headed by his siblings. The Riksdag decided to choose a king of whom Napoleon would approve. On 21 August 1810, the Riksdag elected Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, a Marshal of France, as heir presumptive to the Swedish throne.

Charles John, born Jean Bernadotte, King of Sweden and Norway 1818–1844
Portrait by Fredric Westin.

The coat of arms of the House of Bernadotte impales the coat of arms of the House of Vasa (heraldic right) and the coat of arms of Bernadotte as Prince of Pontecorvo (heraldic left). It is visible as an inescutcheon in the Greater Coat of Arms of the Realm.

When elected to be Swedish royalty the new heir had been called Prince Bernadotte according to the promotions he received from Emperor Napoleon I, culminating in sovereignty over the Principality of Pontecorvo. Some Swedish experts have asserted that all of his male heirs have had the right to use that Italian title, since the Swedish government never made payments promised Charles John to get him to give up his position in Pontecorvo.[3]

Some members of the house who lost their royal status and Swedish titles due to unapproved marriages have also been given the titles Prince Bernadotte and Count of Wisborg in the nobility of other countries.

Bernadotte

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Bernadotte's arms as sovereign of Pontecorvo

Bernadotte, born in the town of Pau, in the province of Béarn, France, had risen to the rank of general during the French Revolution. In 1798, he married Désirée Clary, whose sister was married to Joseph, Napoleon's elder brother. In 1804, Napoleon promoted Bernadotte to a Marshal of France. Napoleon also granted him the title "Prince of Pontecorvo".

As the Crown Prince of Sweden, he assumed the name Charles John (Swedish: Karl Johan) and acted as regent for the remainder of Charles XIII's reign. In 1813, he broke with Napoleon and led Sweden into the anti-Napoleon alliance. When Norway was awarded to Sweden by the Treaty of Kiel, Norway resisted and declared independence, triggering a brief war between Sweden and Norway. The war ended when Bernadotte persuaded Norway to enter into a personal union with Sweden. Instead of being merely a Swedish province, Norway remained an independent kingdom, though sharing a common monarch and foreign policy. Bernadotte reigned as Charles XIV John of Sweden and Charles III John of Norway from 5 February 1818 until his death on 8 March 1844.

The House of Bernadotte reigned in both countries until the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905. Prince Carl of Denmark was then elected as King Haakon VII of Norway. Carl was a grandson of King Charles XV of Sweden and a great-great-grandson of Charles XIV.

French origins

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The king's mother Jeanne
Baron J. E. Bernadotte

King Charles John's first known paternal ancestor was Joandou du Poey, who was a shepherd. He married Germaine de Bernadotte in 1615 in the southern French city of Pau and began using her surname. Through her the couple owned a building there called de Bernadotte,[4] the surname theoretically meaning Young woman of Béarn in local dialect.[5]

A grandson of theirs, Jean Bernadotte (1649–1698), was a weaver.[6]

Another Jean Bernadotte (1683–1760), his son, was a tailor.[7]

His son Henri Bernadotte (1711–1780) married Jeanne de Saint-Jean (1728–1809) and with her was the father of the future Swedish–Norwegian king. Henri was a local prosecutor, from a family of artisans,[8] who had once been imprisoned for debt.[9][10] This was a modest family which occupied only one floor of the house in a cross street in a popular and peripheral district of Pau.[11]

Two branches of the French Bernadotte family survive. The elder descends from Andrew (André) Bernadotte, an older granduncle of Carl John's, with descendants today in the general population of France. The younger branch divided in two, one branch descending from the king's older brother John (Jean Évangéliste) Bernadotte (1754–1813), the heads of which were French barons as of 1810 with Louvie Palace[12] in the south of Pau as their seat (branch extinct with the death of Baron Henri Bernadotte in 1966), and the other branch being the Swedish Royal House.[13]

Kings of Sweden

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Greater Coat of Arms of Sweden

Kings of Norway

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Entire royal house

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This is a list only of the royal house, not of the royal whole family. It excludes in-laws and living persons (2022) who were royal, i.e. born members of the royal house, who no longer are royal today. Royals currently alive are listed in italics. All are listed primarily as Swedish royalty unless otherwise noted.


See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Pronunciation: UK: /ˌbɜːrnəˈdɒt/ BUR-nə-DOT, US: /ˌbɜːrnəˈdɔːt, ˈbɜːrnədɒt/ BUR-nə-DAWT, -⁠dot,[1][2] Swedish: [bæɳaˈdɔtː], French: [bɛʁnadɔt].

References

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  1. ^ "Bernadotte". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  2. ^ "Bernadotte, Folke" (US) and "Bernadotte, Folke". Oxford Dictionaries UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.[dead link‍]
  3. ^ Bramstång, Gunnar (1990). Tronrätt, bördstitel och hustillhörighet (in Swedish). p. 30.
  4. ^ Ätten Bernadotte : biografiska anteckningar, [Andra tillökade uppl.], Johannes Almén, C. & E. Gernandts förlag, Stockholm 1893, p. 1
  5. ^ Demitz, Jacob Truedson (2020). Centuries of Selfies: Portraits commissioned by Swedish kings and queens. Preface by Ulf Sundberg. Stockholm; New York: Vulkan Förlag. p. 155. ISBN 978-91-89179-63-9.
  6. ^ "Jean Bernadotte" (in French). geneanet.org.
  7. ^ "Jean Bernadotte" (in French). geneanet.org.
  8. ^ "Bernadotte : un général de Napoléon devenu du Roi de Suède" (in French). ndf.fr. 18 March 2011.
  9. ^ Bulletin du Musée Bernadotte volume 3–4, Pau 1958–1959, p. 57
  10. ^ "Le fabuleux destin de Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte : de Pau à Marseille" (in French). lefrancofil.com. 27 August 2010.
  11. ^ "Victoria de Suède sur les pas de son aïeul" (in French). larepubliquedespyrenees.fr. 28 September 2010.
  12. ^ "Photo du Château Louvie, à Jurançon – Côté Est" (in French). J. Callizo, photographe (1909). Archived from the original on 2016-03-12.
  13. ^ Bulletin du Musée Bernadotte charts on ancestry
  • Jean-Marc Olivier, "Bernadotte Revisited, or The Complexity of a Long Reign (1810–1844)", in Nordic Historical Review, number 2, October 2006, pp. 127–137.
[edit]
House of Bernadotte
Preceded by Ruling house of the Kingdom of Sweden
1818–present 		Incumbent
Ruling house of the Kingdom of Norway
1818–1905 		Succeeded by
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