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Coordinates: 39°32′50″N 44°05′00″E / 39.54722°N 44.08333°E / 39.54722; 44.08333
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| website = {{URL|http://www.dogubayazit.bel.tr/}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.dogubayazit.bel.tr/}}
}}
}}
[[File:Ishak Pasha Palace1454.jpg|thumb|250px|Ishak Pasha Palace near Doğubayazıt]]
[[File:Ishak Pasha Palace1454.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Ishak Pasha Palace]] near Doğubayazıt]]
'''Doğubayazıt''' ({{lang-ku|Bazîd}},<ref>{{cite book|author1=Adem Avcıkıran|url=http://tirsik.net/danegeh/pirtuk/ismail%20bulbul/anamneza%20bi%20kurmanc%C3%AE.pdf|title=Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî|date=2009|page=56|language=tr, ku|access-date=17 December 2019}}</ref> {{Lang-hy|Արշակաւան|translit=Arshakavan}})<ref name="iranica.com" /> is a town of [[Ağrı Province]] of [[Turkey]], near the [[Iran–Turkey border|border]] with [[Iran]]. Its elevation is 1625&nbsp;m. It is the seat of [[Doğubayazıt District]].<ref name=ilce>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx İlçe Belediyesi], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 January 2023.</ref> Its population is 80,061 (2021).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021|url=https://www.tuik.gov.tr/indir/duyuru/favori_raporlar.xlsx |access-date=12 January 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=tr |format=XLS}}</ref> Also known as ''Kurdava'',<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jwaideh|first=Wadie|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63117024|title=The Kurdish national movement : its origins and development|date=2006|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=0-8156-3093-X|edition=1st|location=Syracuse, N.Y.|oclc=63117024}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Yilmaz|first=Özcan|title=Chapitre III. Le renouveau du mouvement national kurde|date=2013|work=La formation de la nation kurde en Turquie|pages=81–99|publisher=Graduate Institute Publications|doi=10.4000/books.iheid.2311 |isbn=978-2-940503-17-9|doi-access=free}}</ref> the town was the capital of the self-declared [[Republic of Ararat]], an independent [[Kurds|Kurdish]] state centered in the Ağrı Province.<ref>Christopher Houston, ''Kurdistan: crafting of national selves'', Indiana University Press, 2008, {{ISBN|0-253-22050-5}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=k5_tAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Kurdish+Republic+of+Ararat%22 p. 52.]</ref><ref>''Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East'', 1. cilt, Infobase Publishing, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-8160-7158-6}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&dq=%22Kurdish+Republic+of+Ararat%22&pg=PA385 p. 385.]</ref><ref name="Abbas">Abbas Vali, ''Essays on the origins of Kurdish nationalism'', Mazda Publishers, 2003, {{ISBN|978-1-56859-142-1}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=tWptAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Kurdish+Republic+of+Ararat%22 p. 199.]</ref>
'''Doğubayazıt''' ({{langx|ku|Bazîd}};<ref>{{cite book|author1=Adem Avcıkıran|url=http://tirsik.net/danegeh/pirtuk/ismail%20bulbul/anamneza%20bi%20kurmanc%C3%AE.pdf|title=Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî|date=2009|page=56|language=tr, ku|access-date=17 December 2019}}</ref> {{Langx|hy|Պայազատ|translit=Payazat}} or {{lang|hy|Դարոյնք}}, {{lang|hy-Latn|Daruynk}})<ref name="iranica.com" /> is a town of [[Ağrı Province]] of [[Turkey]], near the [[Iran–Turkey border|border]] with [[Iran]]. Its elevation is 1625&nbsp;m. It is the seat of [[Doğubayazıt District]].<ref name=ilce>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx İlçe Belediyesi], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 January 2023.</ref> Its population is 80,061 (2021).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021|url=https://www.tuik.gov.tr/indir/duyuru/favori_raporlar.xlsx |access-date=12 January 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=tr |format=XLS}}</ref> Also known as ''Kurdava'',<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jwaideh|first=Wadie|title=The Kurdish national movement: its origins and development|date=2006|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=0-8156-3093-X|edition=1st|location=Syracuse, N.Y.|oclc=63117024}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Yilmaz|first=Özcan|title=Chapitre III. Le renouveau du mouvement national kurde|date=2013|work=La formation de la nation kurde en Turquie|pages=81–99|publisher=Graduate Institute Publications|doi=10.4000/books.iheid.2311 |isbn=978-2-940503-17-9|doi-access=free}}</ref> the town was the capital of the self-declared [[Republic of Ararat]], an independent [[Kurds|Kurdish]] state centered in the Ağrı Province.<ref>Christopher Houston, ''Kurdistan: crafting of national selves'', Indiana University Press, 2008, {{ISBN|0-253-22050-5}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=k5_tAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Kurdish+Republic+of+Ararat%22 p. 52.]</ref><ref>''Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East'', 1. cilt, Infobase Publishing, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-8160-7158-6}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&dq=%22Kurdish+Republic+of+Ararat%22&pg=PA385 p. 385.]</ref><ref name="Abbas">Abbas Vali, ''Essays on the origins of Kurdish nationalism'', Mazda Publishers, 2003, {{ISBN|978-1-56859-142-1}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=tWptAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Kurdish+Republic+of+Ararat%22 p. 199.]</ref>


==History==
==History==
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For most of the periods described here, Doğubayazıt was a bigger and more important settlement than the present-day provincial capital ''Ağrı'', not least because this is the Iranian border crossing.
For most of the periods described here, Doğubayazıt was a bigger and more important settlement than the present-day provincial capital ''Ağrı'', not least because this is the Iranian border crossing.


The area has had a rich history with monuments dating back to the time of the [[Urartu|Kingdom of Urartu]] (over 2700 years ago). Before the [[Ottoman Empire]] the site was referred to by its [[Armenians|Armenian]] name '''Daruynk'''.<ref name="iranica.com">Edwards, Robert W. (1988). “Bayazit,” ''Encyclopaedia Iranica'' III.8, 1988, pp.886-887 [http://www.iranica.com/newsite/ Bayazit] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080712124138/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/ |date=July 12, 2008 }}.</ref> In the 4th century the [[Sasanians]] failed to capture the Armenian stronghold and royal treasury at Daroynk. Princes of the [[Bagratid dynasty of Armenia]] resided at Daroynk and rebuilt the fortress into its present configuration with multiple baileys and towers carefully integrated into the ascending rock outcrop. When King Gagik Arcruni reoccupied the fortress ca.922 A.D. it became the seat of a bishop.<ref>Edwards, Robert W. (1984). “The Fortress at Doğubeyazıt (Daroynk‛),” ''Revue des Études Arméniennes'' 18, 1984, pp.435-459.</ref> It was subsequently conquered and reconquered by [[Persia]]ns, [[Armenia]]ns, [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]], and [[Seljuks]] all of whom would have used the plain to rest and recoup during their passages across the mountains.<ref name="iranica.com"/> [[Turkish people]]s arrived in 1064, but were soon followed by the [[Mongols]] and further waves of Turks. The castle of Daroynk was repaired many times throughout this history, although it is now named after the Turkish warlord ''Celayırlı Şehzade Bayazıt Han'' who ordered one of the rebuildings (in 1374). Ultimately, the town was renamed Beyazit itself in the 16th century.
The area has had a rich history with monuments dating back to the time of the [[Urartu|Kingdom of Urartu]] (over 2700 years ago). Before the [[Ottoman Empire]] the site was referred to by its [[Armenians|Armenian]] name '''Daruynk'''.<ref name="iranica.com">Edwards, Robert W. (1988). "Bayazit," ''Encyclopaedia Iranica'' III.8, 1988, pp.886-887 [http://www.iranica.com/newsite/ Bayazit] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080712124138/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/ |date=July 12, 2008 }}.</ref> In the 4th century the [[Sasanians]] failed to capture the Armenian stronghold and royal treasury at Daroynk. Princes of the [[Bagratid dynasty of Armenia]] resided at Daroynk and rebuilt the fortress into its present configuration with multiple baileys and towers carefully integrated into the ascending rock outcrop. When King [[Gagik I Artsruni]] reoccupied the fortress ca.922 A.D. it became the seat of a bishop.<ref>Edwards, Robert W. (1984). "The Fortress at Doğubeyazıt (Daroynk‛)," ''Revue des Études Arméniennes'' 18, 1984, pp.435-459.</ref> It was subsequently conquered and reconquered by [[Persia]]ns, [[Armenia]]ns, [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]], and [[Seljuks]] all of whom would have used the plain to rest and recoup during their passages across the mountains.<ref name="iranica.com"/> [[Turkish people]]s arrived in 1064, but were soon followed by the [[Mongols]] and further waves of Turks. The castle of Daroynk was repaired many times throughout this history, although it is now named after the Turkish warlord ''Celayırlı Şehzade Bayazıt Han'' who ordered one of the rebuildings (in 1374). Ultimately, the town was renamed Beyazit itself in the 16th century.


From the time of the [[Safavids]], the area was ruled by Turkic-speaking generals, later including the Ottoman general İshakpaşa, who built the palace that still bears his name.
From the time of the [[Safavids]], the area was ruled by Turkic-speaking generals, later including the Ottoman general İshakpaşa, who built the palace that still bears his name.


The town saw fighting in the [[Ottoman–Persian War (1821–23)]] when in 1821 commander-in-chief [[Abbas Mirza]] of [[Qajar Iran]] occupied the town,<ref>Aksen, Virginia. (2014). ''Ottoman Wars, 1700-1870: An Empire Besieged'' page 463. Routledge. {{ISBN|978-1317884033}}</ref> as well as when it was attacked by Russia later in 1856, and taken by the Russians during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)]]. When the Russians retreated many of the Armenian population left with them to build ''New Beyazit'' (now [[Gavar]] at [[Armenia]]) on the shore of lake Sevan.
The town saw fighting in the [[Ottoman–Persian War (1821–1823)]] when in 1821 commander-in-chief [[Abbas Mirza]] of [[Qajar Iran]] occupied the town,<ref>Aksen, Virginia. (2014). ''Ottoman Wars, 1700-1870: An Empire Besieged'' page 463. Routledge. {{ISBN|978-1-317-88403-3}}</ref> as well as when it was attacked by Russia later in 1856, and taken by the Russians during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)]]. When the Russians retreated many of the Armenian population left with them to build ''New Beyazit'' (now [[Gavar]] at [[Armenia]]) on the shore of lake Sevan.


[[File:Doğubeyazıt Mosque and ruined quarter.jpg|thumb|250px|Mosque and ruined quarter.]]
[[File:Doğubeyazıt Mosque and ruined quarter.jpg|thumb|250px|Mosque and ruined quarter.]]
Doğubayazıt was further ravaged during World War I and the [[Turkish War of Independence]].{{citation needed|date=April 2012}}

Doğubayazıt was further ravaged during World War I and the [[Turkish War of Independence]]{{citation needed|date=April 2012}}


Starting in 1920, the area began producing [[sulphur]].<ref name=Prothero73>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=W. G.|title=Armenia and Kurdistan|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=73|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11768/view/1/73/}}</ref>
Starting in 1920, the area began producing [[sulphur]].<ref name=Prothero73>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=W. G.|title=Armenia and Kurdistan|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|page=73|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11768/view/1/73/}}</ref>
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The widely dispersed village of Bayazit, was originally an Armenian settlement and populated by Kurds in 1930 and Yazidis from the Serhat region. But in 1930 the Turkish army destroyed it in response to the [[Ararat rebellion|Ararat Rebellion]]. A new town was built in the plain below the old site in the 1930s<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://turkisharchaeonews.net/site/ishak-pasha-palace|title=Ishak Pasha Palace {{!}} Turkish Archaeological News|website=turkisharchaeonews.net|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref> (hence the new name "Doğubayazıt", which literally means "East Beyazıt").
The widely dispersed village of Bayazit, was originally an Armenian settlement and populated by Kurds in 1930 and Yazidis from the Serhat region. But in 1930 the Turkish army destroyed it in response to the [[Ararat rebellion|Ararat Rebellion]]. A new town was built in the plain below the old site in the 1930s<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://turkisharchaeonews.net/site/ishak-pasha-palace|title=Ishak Pasha Palace {{!}} Turkish Archaeological News|website=turkisharchaeonews.net|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref> (hence the new name "Doğubayazıt", which literally means "East Beyazıt").


Doğubayazıt was the capital of the [[Republic of Ararat|Kurdish Republic of Ararat]] led by [[Ibrahim Heski|Ibrahim Haski]] and [[Ihsan Nuri]] of the [[Xoybûn|Xoybûn organization]] between 1927 and 1930.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Allsopp|first=Harriet|title=The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East|date=2014|publisher=I.B. Tauris|isbn=9781780765631|location=London|pages=55|language=en}}</ref> The town was thus dubbed the provisional capital of [[Kurdistan]] and was subsequently presented to the [[League of Nations]] and the Great Powers as the center of an independent Kurdish state.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ihsan Nuri Paşa|date=25 March 2017 |url=https://rojevakurd.com/25e-adar/|access-date=21 December 2019|language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=کۆماری ئارارات، ئاوڕدانەوەیەک لە مێژوو|language=ku|work=chawykurd.com|url=http://www.chawykurd.com/details.aspx?=hewal&jmare=3683&Jor=9&Jor2=94|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Xwendin û danasîna pirtûkan|language=ku|work=dengekurdistan.nu|url=http://www.dengekurdistan.nu/printart.aspx?an=1893|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref>
Doğubayazıt was the capital of the [[Republic of Ararat|Kurdish Republic of Ararat]] led by [[Ibrahim Heski|Ibrahim Haski]] and [[Ihsan Nuri]] of the [[Xoybûn|Xoybûn organization]] between 1927 and 1930.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Allsopp|first=Harriet|title=The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East|date=2014|publisher=I.B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-78076-563-1|location=London|page=55|language=en}}</ref> The town was thus dubbed the provisional capital of [[Kurdistan]] and was subsequently presented to the [[League of Nations]] and the Great Powers as the center of an independent Kurdish state.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ihsan Nuri Paşa|date=25 March 2017 |url=https://rojevakurd.com/25e-adar/|access-date=21 December 2019|language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=کۆماری ئارارات، ئاوڕدانەوەیەک لە مێژوو|language=ku|work=chawykurd.com|url=http://www.chawykurd.com/details.aspx?=hewal&jmare=3683&Jor=9&Jor2=94|access-date=21 December 2019|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221184735/http://www.chawykurd.com/details.aspx?=hewal&jmare=3683&Jor=9&Jor2=94}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Xwendin û danasîna pirtûkan|language=ku|work=dengekurdistan.nu|url=http://www.dengekurdistan.nu/printart.aspx?an=1893|access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref>


In January 2006, Doğubayazıt was the centre of a [[H5N1]] [[Avian influenza|bird flu]] outbreak.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4787506.stm Turkey Bird Flu Region Still Wary] - BBC article about Doğubeyazıt outbreak</ref> Several children died from the disease after playing with chicken carcasses.
In January 2006, Doğubayazıt was the centre of a [[H5N1]] [[Avian influenza|bird flu]] outbreak.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4787506.stm Turkey Bird Flu Region Still Wary] - BBC article about Doğubeyazıt outbreak</ref> Several children died from the disease after playing with chicken carcasses.


== Politics ==
== Politics ==
In the [[2019 Turkish local elections|local elections]] in March 2019, Yıldız Acar was elected Mayor of the [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|Peoples' Democratic Party]] (HDP).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/yerel-secim-2019/agri-dogubayazit-ilcesi-secim-sonuclari|title=Ağrı Doğubayazıt Seçim Sonuçları – Doğubayazıt Yerel Seçim Sonuçları|last=Şafak|first=Yeni|date=2019-12-11|website=Yeni Şafak|language=tr-TR|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref>
[[File:Dogubayazit.JPG|thumb|250px|right |[[İsmail Beşikçi]] Avenue]]
[[File:Dogubayazit.JPG|thumb|250px|right |[[İsmail Beşikçi]] Avenue]]
In the [[2019 Turkish local elections|local elections]] in March 2019, Yıldız Acar was elected Mayor of the [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|Peoples' Democratic Party]] (HDP).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/yerel-secim-2019/agri-dogubayazit-ilcesi-secim-sonuclari|title=Ağrı Doğubayazıt Seçim Sonuçları – Doğubayazıt Yerel Seçim Sonuçları|last=Şafak|first=Yeni|date=2019-12-11|website=Yeni Şafak|language=tr-TR|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref>


== Sports ==
== Sports ==
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== Geography ==
== Geography ==
[[Image:Doğubeyazıttan Ağrı Dağı.jpg|thumb|250px|left|View of Doğubayazıt and [[Mount Ararat]] ]]
[[Image:Doğubeyazıttan Ağrı Dağı.jpg|thumb|250px|View of Doğubayazıt and [[Mount Ararat]]]]
The town of Doğubayazıt is a settlement with a long history. It lies 15&nbsp;km southwest of [[Mount Ararat]], 93&nbsp;km east of the city of [[Ağrı]] and 35&nbsp;km from the Iranian border. The town stands on a plain surrounded by some of Turkey's highest peaks including: Ararat (5,137m), [[Little Ararat]] (3,896m), [[Mount Tendürek|Tendürek Dağı]] (3,533m), Kaletepe (3,196m) Arıdağı (2,934m) and Göllertepe (2,643m). Kizil Mountain at 2,730m is two kilometers east of the town.<ref>{{Cite map|year=1941|title=Dogubayazidi Sheet C17|series=Series K511 (4193)|publisher=Great Britain War Office|scale=1:200,000|url=https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/turkey/txu-pclmaps-oclc-10127923-dogubayazidi-c17.jpg}}</ref> The climate on the plain is hot and dry in summer, cold and dry in winter.
Doğubeyazıt district center stays in the south of the [[Aras Mountains]].<ref name="Barış Gür">{{Cite web | url =https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2158031| title =Karasu-Aras Dağları'nın güney yamaçlarında Doğubeyazıt bölgesi erken demir çağı yerleşmeleri| date =February 26, 2022| publisher =Barış Gür- Amisos| language = Turkish |page=1}}</ref> The town of Doğubayazıt is a settlement with a long history. It lies 15&nbsp;km southwest of [[Mount Ararat]], 93&nbsp;km east of the city of [[Ağrı]] and 35&nbsp;km from the Iranian border. The town stands on a plain surrounded by some of Turkey's highest peaks including: Ararat (5,137&nbsp;m), [[Little Ararat]] (3,896&nbsp;m), [[Mount Tendürek|Tendürek Dağı]] (3,533&nbsp;m), Kaletepe (3,196&nbsp;m) Arıdağı (2,934&nbsp;m) and Göllertepe (2,643&nbsp;m). Kizil Mountain at 2,730&nbsp;m is two kilometers east of the town.<ref>{{Cite map|year=1941|title=Dogubayazidi Sheet C17|series=Series K511 (4193)|publisher=Great Britain War Office|scale=1:200,000|url=https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/turkey/txu-pclmaps-oclc-10127923-dogubayazidi-c17.jpg}}</ref>

===Climate===
The climate on the plain is hot and dry in summer, cold and somewhat snowy in the winter; it is classified as a [[continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dfa''), transitioning to a [[Cold semi-arid climate]]([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSk'').<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria. |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02549-6/tables/1 |journal=Nature: Scientific Data |language=en}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| collapsed = yes
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Doğubayazıt (1991–2020)
| Jan high C = 0.5
| Feb high C = 2.5
| Mar high C = 8.2
| Apr high C = 14.7
| May high C = 19.8
| Jun high C = 25.3
| Jul high C = 29.3
| Aug high C = 29.7
| Sep high C = 25.0
| Oct high C = 17.9
| Nov high C = 9.4
| Dec high C = 2.8
| year high C = 15.5
| Jan mean C = -4.4
| Feb mean C = -2.6
| Mar mean C = 3.0
| Apr mean C = 9.0
| May mean C = 13.7
| Jun mean C = 18.7
| Jul mean C = 22.6
| Aug mean C = 22.8
| Sep mean C = 17.8
| Oct mean C = 11.3
| Nov mean C = 3.7
| Dec mean C = -1.9
| year mean C = 9.5
| Jan low C = -8.9
| Feb low C = -7.1
| Mar low C = -1.7
| Apr low C = 3.5
| May low C = 7.5
| Jun low C = 11.5
| Jul low C = 15.3
| Aug low C = 15.3
| Sep low C = 10.1
| Oct low C = 5.2
| Nov low C = -1.2
| Dec low C = -6.2
| year low C = 3.7
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 18.36
| Feb precipitation mm = 19.58
| Mar precipitation mm = 27.15
| Apr precipitation mm = 41.39
| May precipitation mm = 53.71
| Jun precipitation mm = 39.37
| Jul precipitation mm = 23.63
| Aug precipitation mm = 14.51
| Sep precipitation mm = 18.51
| Oct precipitation mm = 36.31
| Nov precipitation mm = 26.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 21.1
| year precipitation mm = 339.92

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 3.9
| Feb precipitation days = 4.5
| Mar precipitation days = 6.0
| Apr precipitation days = 7.4
| May precipitation days = 9.9
| Jun precipitation days = 6.9
| Jul precipitation days = 4.5
| Aug precipitation days = 3.5
| Sep precipitation days = 4.2
| Oct precipitation days = 5.7
| Nov precipitation days = 5.3
| Dec precipitation days = 4.8
| year precipitation days = 66.6

| Jan humidity = 71.2
| Feb humidity = 69.4
| Mar humidity = 62.9
| Apr humidity = 59.3
| May humidity = 58.3
| Jun humidity = 51.8
| Jul humidity = 47.9
| Aug humidity = 45.7
| Sep humidity = 49.2
| Oct humidity = 61.2
| Nov humidity = 67.4
| Dec humidity = 71.7
| year humidity = 59.6
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Dogubeyazit_17720.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Doğubayazıt
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 15, 2024}}</ref>
}}


==Places of interest==
==Places of interest==
*Mount Ararat - 15&nbsp;km from Doğubayazıt, and the best views of the mountain are from here.
* Mount Ararat - 15&nbsp;km from Doğubayazıt, and the best views of the mountain are from here.
*[[Ishak Pasha Palace]], completed in 1784 on a hill to the south of town.
* [[Ishak Pasha Palace]], completed in 1784 on a hill to the south of town.
*The castle and mosque of ''Old Beyazit'', first built by the Urartu but which bear traces of many civilisations.
* The castle and mosque of ''Old Beyazit'', first built by the Urartu but which bear traces of many civilisations.
*The "[[Durupınar site|Durupinar]]" site is up in the hills east of town and south of the main highway.
* The geological formation of "[[Durupınar site]]" is 16&nbsp;km southeast of town and promoted by some believers as the petrified ruins of Noah's Ark.
*Balık Gölü - a lake in a lava bed, 60&nbsp;km from Doğubayazıt, near [[Taşlıçay]].
* [[Lake Balık]] - a lake in a lava bed, 60&nbsp;km from Doğubayazıt, near [[Taşlıçay]].
*The Ice Cave - on the side of [[Little Ararat]] near the village of ''Hallaç''.
* The Ice Cave - on the side of [[Little Ararat]] near the village of ''Hallaç''.
*The ruins of the 900BC [[Urartu]] temple and palace on the hill of ''Giriktepe''.
* The ruins of the 900BC [[Urartu]] temple and palace on the hill of ''Giriktepe''.
* The ancient Armenian cemetery.<ref name="iranica.com"/>
*A stone formation believed to be Noah's ark.
*The ancient Armenian cemetery.<ref name="iranica.com"/>


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
Line 82: Line 178:


Doğubayazıt is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:
Doğubayazıt is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Eilat]], [[State of Israel|Israel]]
* {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Eilat]], [[Israel]]
* {{flagicon|Montenegro}} [[Podgorica]], [[Montenegro]]
* {{flagicon|Montenegro}} [[Podgorica]], [[Montenegro]]
* {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]
* {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]
Line 97: Line 192:
* {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Turku]], Finland
* {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Turku]], Finland
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Saarbrücken]], Germany
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Saarbrücken]], Germany
* {{flagicon|Chad}} [[N'djamena]], [[Chad]]
* {{flagicon|Chad}} [[N'Djamena]], [[Chad]]
* {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Esbjerg]], Denmark
* {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Esbjerg]], Denmark
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Doğubayazıt District}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Dogubayazit}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dogubayazit}}
[[Category:Doğubayazıt]]
[[Category:Doğubayazıt]]
[[Category:Iran–Turkey border crossings]]
[[Category:Iran–Turkey border crossings]]
[[Category:Kurdish settlements in Turkey]]
[[Category:Kurdish settlements in Ağrı Province]]
[[Category:Mount Ararat]]
[[Category:Mount Ararat]]
[[Category:Former Armenian inhabited settlements]]
[[Category:Former Armenian communities in Ağrı Province]]
[[Category:District municipalities in Turkey]]

Latest revision as of 18:15, 4 December 2024

For other uses, see Beyazid (disambiguation).
Doğubayazıt
Municipality
Doğubayazıt from Ishak Pasha Palace
Doğubayazıt from Ishak Pasha Palace
Doğubayazıt is located in Turkey
Doğubayazıt
Doğubayazıt
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 39°32′50″N 44°05′00″E / 39.54722°N 44.08333°E / 39.54722; 44.08333
CountryTurkey
ProvinceAğrı
DistrictDoğubayazıt
Government
 • MayorYıldız Acar (HDP)
Population
 (2021)[1]
80,061
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Websitewww.dogubayazit.bel.tr
Ishak Pasha Palace near Doğubayazıt

Doğubayazıt (Kurdish: Bazîd;[2] Armenian: Պայազատ, romanized: Payazat or Դարոյնք, Daruynk)[3] is a town of Ağrı Province of Turkey, near the border with Iran. Its elevation is 1625 m. It is the seat of Doğubayazıt District.[4] Its population is 80,061 (2021).[1] Also known as Kurdava,[5][6] the town was the capital of the self-declared Republic of Ararat, an independent Kurdish state centered in the Ağrı Province.[7][8][9]

History

[edit]
For the history of the wider area, see Ağrı Province.
Defence of Doğubayazıt during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) by Lev Lagorio

For most of the periods described here, Doğubayazıt was a bigger and more important settlement than the present-day provincial capital Ağrı, not least because this is the Iranian border crossing.

The area has had a rich history with monuments dating back to the time of the Kingdom of Urartu (over 2700 years ago). Before the Ottoman Empire the site was referred to by its Armenian name Daruynk.[3] In the 4th century the Sasanians failed to capture the Armenian stronghold and royal treasury at Daroynk. Princes of the Bagratid dynasty of Armenia resided at Daroynk and rebuilt the fortress into its present configuration with multiple baileys and towers carefully integrated into the ascending rock outcrop. When King Gagik I Artsruni reoccupied the fortress ca.922 A.D. it became the seat of a bishop.[10] It was subsequently conquered and reconquered by Persians, Armenians, Byzantines, and Seljuks all of whom would have used the plain to rest and recoup during their passages across the mountains.[3] Turkish peoples arrived in 1064, but were soon followed by the Mongols and further waves of Turks. The castle of Daroynk was repaired many times throughout this history, although it is now named after the Turkish warlord Celayırlı Şehzade Bayazıt Han who ordered one of the rebuildings (in 1374). Ultimately, the town was renamed Beyazit itself in the 16th century.

From the time of the Safavids, the area was ruled by Turkic-speaking generals, later including the Ottoman general İshakpaşa, who built the palace that still bears his name.

The town saw fighting in the Ottoman–Persian War (1821–1823) when in 1821 commander-in-chief Abbas Mirza of Qajar Iran occupied the town,[11] as well as when it was attacked by Russia later in 1856, and taken by the Russians during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). When the Russians retreated many of the Armenian population left with them to build New Beyazit (now Gavar at Armenia) on the shore of lake Sevan.

Mosque and ruined quarter.

Doğubayazıt was further ravaged during World War I and the Turkish War of Independence.[citation needed]

Starting in 1920, the area began producing sulphur.[12]

The widely dispersed village of Bayazit, was originally an Armenian settlement and populated by Kurds in 1930 and Yazidis from the Serhat region. But in 1930 the Turkish army destroyed it in response to the Ararat Rebellion. A new town was built in the plain below the old site in the 1930s[13] (hence the new name "Doğubayazıt", which literally means "East Beyazıt").

Doğubayazıt was the capital of the Kurdish Republic of Ararat led by Ibrahim Haski and Ihsan Nuri of the Xoybûn organization between 1927 and 1930.[14] The town was thus dubbed the provisional capital of Kurdistan and was subsequently presented to the League of Nations and the Great Powers as the center of an independent Kurdish state.[15][16][17]

In January 2006, Doğubayazıt was the centre of a H5N1 bird flu outbreak.[18] Several children died from the disease after playing with chicken carcasses.

Politics

[edit]
İsmail Beşikçi Avenue

In the local elections in March 2019, Yıldız Acar was elected Mayor of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP).[19]

Sports

[edit]

The Doğubayazıtspor football club plays in the lower divisions of the Turkish football league.[20] It played in the Turkish Third League for three seasons.

Geography

[edit]
View of Doğubayazıt and Mount Ararat

Doğubeyazıt district center stays in the south of the Aras Mountains.[21] The town of Doğubayazıt is a settlement with a long history. It lies 15 km southwest of Mount Ararat, 93 km east of the city of Ağrı and 35 km from the Iranian border. The town stands on a plain surrounded by some of Turkey's highest peaks including: Ararat (5,137 m), Little Ararat (3,896 m), Tendürek Dağı (3,533 m), Kaletepe (3,196 m) Arıdağı (2,934 m) and Göllertepe (2,643 m). Kizil Mountain at 2,730 m is two kilometers east of the town.[22]

Climate

[edit]

The climate on the plain is hot and dry in summer, cold and somewhat snowy in the winter; it is classified as a continental climate (Köppen: Dfa), transitioning to a Cold semi-arid climate(Köppen: BSk).[23]

Climate data for Doğubayazıt (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.5
(32.9) 		2.5
(36.5) 		8.2
(46.8) 		14.7
(58.5) 		19.8
(67.6) 		25.3
(77.5) 		29.3
(84.7) 		29.7
(85.5) 		25.0
(77.0) 		17.9
(64.2) 		9.4
(48.9) 		2.8
(37.0) 		15.5
(59.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.4
(24.1) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		3.0
(37.4) 		9.0
(48.2) 		13.7
(56.7) 		18.7
(65.7) 		22.6
(72.7) 		22.8
(73.0) 		17.8
(64.0) 		11.3
(52.3) 		3.7
(38.7) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		9.5
(49.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −8.9
(16.0) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		3.5
(38.3) 		7.5
(45.5) 		11.5
(52.7) 		15.3
(59.5) 		15.3
(59.5) 		10.1
(50.2) 		5.2
(41.4) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		3.7
(38.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 18.36
(0.72) 		19.58
(0.77) 		27.15
(1.07) 		41.39
(1.63) 		53.71
(2.11) 		39.37
(1.55) 		23.63
(0.93) 		14.51
(0.57) 		18.51
(0.73) 		36.31
(1.43) 		26.3
(1.04) 		21.1
(0.83) 		339.92
(13.38)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 3.9 4.5 6.0 7.4 9.9 6.9 4.5 3.5 4.2 5.7 5.3 4.8 66.6
Average relative humidity (%) 71.2 69.4 62.9 59.3 58.3 51.8 47.9 45.7 49.2 61.2 67.4 71.7 59.6
Source: NOAA[24]

Places of interest

[edit]
  • Mount Ararat - 15 km from Doğubayazıt, and the best views of the mountain are from here.
  • Ishak Pasha Palace, completed in 1784 on a hill to the south of town.
  • The castle and mosque of Old Beyazit, first built by the Urartu but which bear traces of many civilisations.
  • The geological formation of "Durupınar site" is 16 km southeast of town and promoted by some believers as the petrified ruins of Noah's Ark.
  • Lake Balık - a lake in a lava bed, 60 km from Doğubayazıt, near Taşlıçay.
  • The Ice Cave - on the side of Little Ararat near the village of Hallaç.
  • The ruins of the 900BC Urartu temple and palace on the hill of Giriktepe.
  • The ancient Armenian cemetery.[3]

Notable people

[edit]

International relations

[edit]
Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey

Doğubayazıt is twinned with:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021" (XLS) (in Turkish). TÜİK. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  2. ^ Adem Avcıkıran (2009). Kürtçe Anamnez Anamneza bi Kurmancî (PDF) (in Turkish and Kurdish). p. 56. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d Edwards, Robert W. (1988). "Bayazit," Encyclopaedia Iranica III.8, 1988, pp.886-887 Bayazit Archived July 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ^ İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  5. ^ Jwaideh, Wadie (2006). The Kurdish national movement: its origins and development (1st ed.). Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 0-8156-3093-X. OCLC 63117024.
  6. ^ Yilmaz, Özcan (2013), "Chapitre III. Le renouveau du mouvement national kurde", La formation de la nation kurde en Turquie, Graduate Institute Publications, pp. 81–99, doi:10.4000/books.iheid.2311, ISBN 978-2-940503-17-9
  7. ^ Christopher Houston, Kurdistan: crafting of national selves, Indiana University Press, 2008, ISBN 0-253-22050-5, p. 52.
  8. ^ Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, 1. cilt, Infobase Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8160-7158-6, p. 385.
  9. ^ Abbas Vali, Essays on the origins of Kurdish nationalism, Mazda Publishers, 2003, ISBN 978-1-56859-142-1, p. 199.
  10. ^ Edwards, Robert W. (1984). "The Fortress at Doğubeyazıt (Daroynk‛)," Revue des Études Arméniennes 18, 1984, pp.435-459.
  11. ^ Aksen, Virginia. (2014). Ottoman Wars, 1700-1870: An Empire Besieged page 463. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-88403-3
  12. ^ Prothero, W. G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 73.
  13. ^ "Ishak Pasha Palace | Turkish Archaeological News". turkisharchaeonews.net. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  14. ^ Allsopp, Harriet (2014). The Kurds of Syria: Political Parties and Identity in the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-78076-563-1.
  15. ^ "Ihsan Nuri Paşa" (in Kurdish). 25 March 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  16. ^ "کۆماری ئارارات، ئاوڕدانەوەیەک لە مێژوو". chawykurd.com (in Kurdish). Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  17. ^ "Xwendin û danasîna pirtûkan". dengekurdistan.nu (in Kurdish). Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  18. ^ Turkey Bird Flu Region Still Wary - BBC article about Doğubeyazıt outbreak
  19. ^ Şafak, Yeni (2019-12-11). "Ağrı Doğubayazıt Seçim Sonuçları – Doğubayazıt Yerel Seçim Sonuçları". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  20. ^ "04 Doğubayazıtspor | Kulüp bilgileri | AmatorFutbol.Org". www.amatorfutbol.org. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  21. ^ "Karasu-Aras Dağları'nın güney yamaçlarında Doğubeyazıt bölgesi erken demir çağı yerleşmeleri" (in Turkish). Barış Gür- Amisos. February 26, 2022. p. 1.
  22. ^ Dogubayazidi Sheet C17 (Map). 1:200,000. Series K511 (4193). Great Britain War Office. 1941.
  23. ^ "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.
  24. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Doğubayazıt". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
[edit]
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