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Coordinates: 40°50′46″N 1°53′11″W / 40.84611°N 1.88639°W / 40.84611; -1.88639
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| nickname =
| nickname =
| image_skyline = Molina de Aragón, Guadalajara, España, 2016-01-05, DD 15.JPG
| image_skyline = Molina de Aragón, Guadalajara, España, 2016-01-05, DD 15.JPG
| image_flag = Bandera de Molina de Aragon.JPG
| image_flag = Bandera de Molina de Aragon.svg
| image_seal = Coat of Ams of Molina de Aragón.svg
| image_shield = Escudo de Molina de Aragón.svg
| shield_size = 60px
| shield_size = 60px
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Spain.
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Province of Guadalajara##Location in Castile-La Mancha##Location in Spain.
| pushpin_map = Spain Province of Guadalajara#Spain Castile-La Mancha#Spain
| pushpin_map = Spain Province of Guadalajara#Spain Castile-La Mancha#Spain
| pushpin_label = Molina de Aragón
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{ESP}}
| subdivision_name = {{ESP}}
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| utc_offset_DST = +2
| utc_offset_DST = +2
|coordinates = {{coord|40|50|46|N|1|53|11|W|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|40|50|46|N|1|53|11|W|display=inline,title}}
| website = {{official website|http://www.molina-aragon.com/}}
| website = {{official website|https://www.molinadearagon.es/}}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| }}
| }}
'''Molina de Aragón''' is a municipality located in the [[province of Guadalajara]], [[Castile-La Mancha]], Spain. According to the 2009 [[census]] ([[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]]), the municipality had a population of 3,671 inhabitants. It holds the record (−28&nbsp;°C) for the lowest temperature measured by a [[meteorological station]] in Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emiliopolis.net/es/int/cli/esp-totales.htm|title=Temperaturas históricas en España|publisher=|accessdate=27 October 2016}}</ref>
'''Molina de Aragón''' is a municipality located in the [[province of Guadalajara]], [[Castile-La Mancha]], Spain. According to the 2009 [[census]] ([[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]]), the municipality had a population of 3,671 inhabitants. It held the record (−28.2&nbsp;°C) for the lowest temperature measured by a [[meteorological station]] in Spain, and now it's on the third place.<ref>{{cite web |title=Temperaturas históricas en España |url=https://www.eltiempo.es/noticias/record-de-tempertatura-minima-mas-baja-en-espana |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=El Tiempo}}</ref>


It was the seat of the [[taifa of Molina]], a [[Moors|Moorish]] independent state, before it was reconquered by the Christians of [[Alfonso I of Aragon]] in 1129. On 21 April 1154 [[Manrique Pérez de Lara]] issued a sweeping ''[[fuero]]'' to the town of Molina, which he was building into a semi-independent fief.<ref>Simon Barton, ''The Aristocracy in Twelfth-century León and Castile'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 265.</ref> He and his descendants claimed to rule Molina ''Dei gratia'' ("[[by the grace of God]]").
It was the seat of the [[taifa of Molina]], a [[Moors|Moorish]] independent state, before it was reconquered by the Christians of [[Alfonso I of Aragon]] in 1129. On 21 April 1154 [[Manrique Pérez de Lara]] issued a sweeping ''[[fuero]]'' to the town of Molina, which he was building into a semi-independent fief.<ref>Simon Barton, ''The Aristocracy in Twelfth-century León and Castile'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 265.</ref> He and his descendants claimed to rule Molina ''Dei gratia'' ("[[by the grace of God]]"). Molina is also the type location of the carbonate mineral [[aragonite]].


==Main sights==
==Main sights==
Line 60: Line 61:


==Climate==
==Climate==
Molina de Aragón has an atypical variety of the [[oceanic climate]] with [[semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] influences. Due to its irregular precipitation patterns the location does not fall into the clear [[mediterranean climate|mediterranean]] zones to the south-west or the semi-arid that is common in the region, with significant precipitation in the summer and very low in the winter.
Molina de Aragón has a [[mediterranean climate|warm-summer mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Csb'') with some [[semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] influences. Precipitation is irregular throughout the year, with most rainfall occurring during spring and autumn. Winters are cool, with temperatures often below {{convert|0|C|F}} due to its altitude and its inland location. Summers are warm with mean maximum around {{convert|30|C|F}} while the nights remain relatively cool.
⚫
{{Weather box|location = Molina de Aragón 1062m (1991–2020), extremes (1949-present)

⚫
{{Weather box|location = Molina de Aragón 1062m (1981-2010)
|metric first = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|single line = Yes
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|Feb record high C = 26.8
|Feb record high C = 26.8
|Mar record high C = 26.8
|Mar record high C = 26.8
|Apr record high C = 28.7
|Apr record high C = 29.6
|May record high C = 33.2
|May record high C = 33.2
|Jun record high C = 36.0
|Jun record high C = 37.8
|Jul record high C = 38.2
|Jul record high C = 38.0
|Aug record high C = 38.0
|Aug record high C = 38.0
|Sep record high C = 36.4
|Sep record high C = 36.4
Line 77: Line 77:
|Nov record high C = 23.6
|Nov record high C = 23.6
|Dec record high C = 19.2
|Dec record high C = 19.2
|year record high C = 38.2
|year record high C =
|Jan high C = 8.6
|Jan high C = 8.8
|Feb high C = 10.6
|Feb high C = 10.8
|Mar high C = 14.4
|Mar high C = 14.4
|Apr high C = 15.7
|Apr high C = 16.5
|May high C = 20.0
|May high C = 20.9
|Jun high C = 25.6
|Jun high C = 26.1
|Jul high C = 29.7
|Jul high C = 30.0
|Aug high C = 29.2
|Aug high C = 29.7
|Sep high C = 24.2
|Sep high C = 24.3
|Oct high C = 18.0
|Oct high C = 18.4
|Nov high C = 12.0
|Nov high C = 12.0
|Dec high C = 8.7
|Dec high C = 9.2
|Jan mean C = 2.5
|year high C =
|Feb mean C = 3.7
|Jan mean C = 2.8
|Mar mean C = 6.6
|Feb mean C = 3.9
|Apr mean C = 8.5
|Mar mean C = 6.8
|May mean C = 12.5
|Apr mean C = 9.1
|Jun mean C = 17.1
|May mean C = 13.1
|Jul mean C = 20.2
|Jun mean C = 17.5
|Aug mean C = 19.9
|Jul mean C = 20.4
|Sep mean C = 15.8
|Aug mean C = 20.3
|Oct mean C = 10.9
|Sep mean C = 15.9
|Nov mean C = 5.9
|Oct mean C = 11.2
|Dec mean C = 3.1
|Nov mean C = 6.0
|Jan low C = -3.5
|Dec mean C = 3.3
|Feb low C = -3.2
|year mean C =
|Mar low C = -1.2
|Jan low C = -3.3
|Apr low C = 1.3
|Feb low C = -3.0
|May low C = 5.0
|Mar low C = -0.8
|Jun low C = 8.6
|Apr low C = 1.7
|Jul low C = 10.6
|May low C = 5.2
|Aug low C = 10.5
|Jun low C = 8.8
|Sep low C = 7.3
|Jul low C = 10.9
|Oct low C = 3.9
|Aug low C = 10.9
|Nov low C = -0.2
|Sep low C = 7.4
|Dec low C = -2.4
|Oct low C = 4.1
|Nov low C = 0.0
|Dec low C = -2.6
|year low C =
|Jan record low C = -28.2
|Jan record low C = -28.2
|Feb record low C = -20.2
|Feb record low C = -20.2
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|Jul record low C = 1.0
|Jul record low C = 1.0
|Aug record low C = 0.0
|Aug record low C = 0.0
|Sep record low C = 3.6
|Sep record low C = -3.6
|Oct record low C = -6.4
|Oct record low C = -6.4
|Nov record low C = -15.6
|Nov record low C = -15.6
|Dec record low C = -28.0
|Dec record low C = -28.0
|year record low C = -28.2
|year record low C =
|Jan precipitation mm = 27
|precipitation colour = green
|Feb precipitation mm = 27
|Jan precipitation mm = 27.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 28
|Feb precipitation mm = 24.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 50
|Mar precipitation mm = 36.6
|May precipitation mm = 66
|Apr precipitation mm = 49.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 48
|May precipitation mm = 59.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 22
|Jun precipitation mm = 44.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 26
|Jul precipitation mm = 18.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 47
|Aug precipitation mm = 23.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 50
|Sep precipitation mm = 42.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 39
|Oct precipitation mm = 46.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 36
|Nov precipitation mm = 39.1
|Jan precipitation days = 6
|Dec precipitation mm = 30.9
|Feb precipitation days = 5
|year precipitation mm =
|Mar precipitation days = 6
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|Apr precipitation days = 9
|Jan precipitation days = 5.7
|May precipitation days = 9
|Feb precipitation days = 5.2
|Jun precipitation days = 6
|Mar precipitation days = 6.9
|Jul precipitation days = 3
|Apr precipitation days = 8.8
|Aug precipitation days = 4
|May precipitation days = 8.7
|Sep precipitation days = 5
|Jun precipitation days = 6.1
|Oct precipitation days = 8
|Jul precipitation days = 2.8
|Nov precipitation days = 7
|Aug precipitation days = 3.0
|Dec precipitation days = 7
|Sep precipitation days = 4.7
|year precipitation days = 74
|Oct precipitation days = 7.5
|Nov precipitation days = 6.9
⚫
|Jan sun = 135
|Dec precipitation days = 5.9
⚫
|Feb sun = 154
|year precipitation days =
| Jan snow days =5.2
| Feb snow days =4.3
| Mar snow days =3.6
| Apr snow days =1.9
| May snow days =0.3
| Jun snow days =0
| Jul snow days =0
| Aug snow days =0
| Sep snow days =0
| Oct snow days =0.2
| Nov snow days =1.6
| Dec snow days =2.2
| year snow days =
|Jan humidity = 74
|Feb humidity = 67
|Mar humidity = 63
|Apr humidity = 62
|May humidity = 58
|Jun humidity = 53
|Jul humidity = 47
|Aug humidity = 48
|Sep humidity = 57
|Oct humidity = 67
|Nov humidity = 73
|Dec humidity = 76
|year humidity =
⚫
|Jan sun = 133
⚫
|Feb sun = 155
|Mar sun = 202
|Mar sun = 202
|Apr sun = 195
|Apr sun = 207
|May sun = 222
|May sun = 239
|Jun sun = 271
|Jun sun = 282
|Jul sun = 327
|Jul sun = 335
|Aug sun = 304
|Aug sun = 307
|Sep sun = 231
|Sep sun = 237
|Oct sun = 174
|Oct sun = 177
|Nov sun = 128
|Nov sun = 120
|Dec sun = 112
|Dec sun = 115
|year sun = 2440
|year sun =
|source 1 = <ref name=Aemet.es>{{cite web |url =http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=3013&k=clm |title=Molina de Aragón Climate Normals 1981-2010|publisher=Aemet.es|accessdate = 6 December 2014}}</ref>
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia]]<ref>{{cite web |url =https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData |title=AEMET OpenData|publisher=Aemet.es|access-date = 4 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url =http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=clm&l=3013&datos=det|title=Molina de Aragón Climate Extremes|publisher=Aemet.es |access-date = 6 December 2014}}</ref>
|source 2 = <ref name=Aemet2.es>{{cite web |url =http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=clm&l=3013&datos=det|title=Molina de Aragón Climate Extremes|publisher=Aemet.es |accessdate = 6 December 2014}}</ref>
}}
}}

==Notable persons==

* [[Claro Abánades López]] (1879-1973), Carlist politician and publisher
* [[Romualdo de Toledo y Robles]] (1895-1974), Carlist politician and longtime high official of Ministry of Education
* [[José María Araúz de Robles Estremera]] (1898-1977), Carlist politician and bull-breeder


== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==
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WLM14ES - 02082003 125604 1812 - .jpg|Tower of Aragon.
WLM14ES - 02082003 125604 1812 - .jpg|Tower of Aragon.
</gallery>
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Aragonite]]


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Molina de Aragon}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Molina de Aragon}}
[[Category:Municipalities in the Province of Guadalajara]]
[[Category:Municipalities in the Province of Guadalajara]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Province of Guadalajara]]

Latest revision as of 20:05, 4 December 2024

Molina de Aragón, Spain
Flag of Molina de Aragón, Spain
Flag
Coat of arms of Molina de Aragón, Spain
Coat of arms
Molina de Aragón is located in Province of Guadalajara
Molina de Aragón
Molina de Aragón
Location in the Province of Guadalajara
Molina de Aragón is located in Castilla-La Mancha
Molina de Aragón
Molina de Aragón
Location in Castile-La Mancha
Molina de Aragón is located in Spain
Molina de Aragón
Molina de Aragón
Location in Spain.
Coordinates: 40°50′46″N 1°53′11″W / 40.84611°N 1.88639°W / 40.84611; -1.88639
Country Spain
Autonomous community Castile-La Mancha
ProvinceGuadalajara
ComarcaSeñorío de Molina-Alto Tajo
Government
 • MayorDavid Pascual Herrera
Area
 • Total
168.33 km2 (64.99 sq mi)
Elevation
1,065 m (3,494 ft)
Population
 (2018)[1]
 • Total
3,295
 • Density20/km2 (51/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
19300
WebsiteOfficial website

Molina de Aragón is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2009 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 3,671 inhabitants. It held the record (−28.2 °C) for the lowest temperature measured by a meteorological station in Spain, and now it's on the third place.[2]

It was the seat of the taifa of Molina, a Moorish independent state, before it was reconquered by the Christians of Alfonso I of Aragon in 1129. On 21 April 1154 Manrique Pérez de Lara issued a sweeping fuero to the town of Molina, which he was building into a semi-independent fief.[3] He and his descendants claimed to rule Molina Dei gratia ("by the grace of God"). Molina is also the type location of the carbonate mineral aragonite.

Main sights

[edit]
  • Medieval alcazar (10th–11th centuries), the largest in the province
  • Roman bridge (Puente Viejo)
  • Convent of St. Francis
  • Giraldo (St. Francis Church Bell Tower)
  • Church of Santa Clara
  • Church of Santa María de San Gil
  • Molina-Alto Tajo Geopark, Molina de Aragon is within this Geopark.

List of settlements in the municipality

[edit]

Climate

[edit]

Molina de Aragón has a warm-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csb) with some semi-arid influences. Precipitation is irregular throughout the year, with most rainfall occurring during spring and autumn. Winters are cool, with temperatures often below 0 °C (32 °F) due to its altitude and its inland location. Summers are warm with mean maximum around 30 °C (86 °F) while the nights remain relatively cool.

Climate data for Molina de Aragón 1062m (1991–2020), extremes (1949-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.4
(70.5) 		26.8
(80.2) 		26.8
(80.2) 		29.6
(85.3) 		33.2
(91.8) 		37.8
(100.0) 		38.0
(100.4) 		38.0
(100.4) 		36.4
(97.5) 		30.0
(86.0) 		23.6
(74.5) 		19.2
(66.6) 		38.0
(100.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.8
(47.8) 		10.8
(51.4) 		14.4
(57.9) 		16.5
(61.7) 		20.9
(69.6) 		26.1
(79.0) 		30.0
(86.0) 		29.7
(85.5) 		24.3
(75.7) 		18.4
(65.1) 		12.0
(53.6) 		9.2
(48.6) 		18.4
(65.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.8
(37.0) 		3.9
(39.0) 		6.8
(44.2) 		9.1
(48.4) 		13.1
(55.6) 		17.5
(63.5) 		20.4
(68.7) 		20.3
(68.5) 		15.9
(60.6) 		11.2
(52.2) 		6.0
(42.8) 		3.3
(37.9) 		10.9
(51.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −3.3
(26.1) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		1.7
(35.1) 		5.2
(41.4) 		8.8
(47.8) 		10.9
(51.6) 		10.9
(51.6) 		7.4
(45.3) 		4.1
(39.4) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		3.3
(37.9)
Record low °C (°F) −28.2
(−18.8) 		−20.2
(−4.4) 		−15.6
(3.9) 		−8.6
(16.5) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		1.0
(33.8) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−6.4
(20.5) 		−15.6
(3.9) 		−28.0
(−18.4) 		−28.2
(−18.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 27.5
(1.08) 		24.2
(0.95) 		36.6
(1.44) 		49.7
(1.96) 		59.7
(2.35) 		44.9
(1.77) 		18.0
(0.71) 		23.8
(0.94) 		42.6
(1.68) 		46.1
(1.81) 		39.1
(1.54) 		30.9
(1.22) 		443.1
(17.45)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 5.7 5.2 6.9 8.8 8.7 6.1 2.8 3.0 4.7 7.5 6.9 5.9 72.2
Average snowy days 5.2 4.3 3.6 1.9 0.3 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.6 2.2 19.3
Average relative humidity (%) 74 67 63 62 58 53 47 48 57 67 73 76 62
Mean monthly sunshine hours 133 155 202 207 239 282 335 307 237 177 120 115 2,509
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia[4][5]

Notable persons

[edit]
[edit]
  • A typical inn (built 1826) at Molina de Aragón, Spain.
    A typical inn (built 1826) at Molina de Aragón, Spain.
  • Old bridge over the Gallo river, 13th century, in the background the Medieval alcazar of Molina de Aragón, Spain.
    Old bridge over the Gallo river, 13th century, in the background the Medieval alcazar of Molina de Aragón, Spain.
  • Giraldo on top of St. Francis Church bell Tower.
    Giraldo on top of St. Francis Church bell Tower.
  • Posada de los Comuneros.
    Posada de los Comuneros.
  • Tower of Aragon.
    Tower of Aragon.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  2. ^ "Temperaturas históricas en España". El Tiempo. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  3. ^ Simon Barton, The Aristocracy in Twelfth-century León and Castile (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 265.
  4. ^ "AEMET OpenData". Aemet.es. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
  5. ^ "Molina de Aragón Climate Extremes". Aemet.es. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
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