El Morocco: Difference between revisions

El Morocco
Elmo
	El Morocco in 1965
Location	Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Coordinates	40°45′32″N 73°58′11″W / 40.75875°N 73.96975°W
Type	Nightclub
Opened	1931
Tenants
	Milan Condominium

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El Morocco, sometimes nicknamed Elmo or Elmer, was a 20th-century nightclub in the Manhattan borough of New York City. It was frequented by the rich and famous from the 1930s until the decline of café society in the late 1950s. It was known for its blue zebra-stripe motif, designed by Vernon MacFarlane, and its official photographer, Jerome Zerbe.

History

In 1931, John Perona (born Enrione Giovanni Perona in Chiaverano in the Province of Turin, Italy),^[1] an Italian immigrant, with Martín de Alzaga^[2]^[3] opened El Morocco as a speakeasy at 154 East 54th Street, on the south side of 54th Street in the middle of the block between Lexington Avenue and Third Avenue, where the Citigroup Center now stands.

After prohibition was repealed, it became one of the most popular establishments in New York City. Its regular clientele consisted of fashionable society, politicians, and entertainers. Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz had their wedding reception here. Part of what made the club the "place to be" was the photographs taken by Jerome Zerbe, which were always in the news the next day. Everyone always knew where the celebrities had been from the background zebra stripes on the banquettes.

The neighborhood started changing after World War II. Eventually, Perona moved the El Morocco to a four-story townhouse at 307 East 54th Street, on the north side of the street near the corner of Second Avenue, in 1960.

Perona died in 1961, and his son, Edwin took over the proprietorship. Later that year, Edwin Perona sold the club to John Mills, who owned it for three years.^[4] It was then owned by Maurice Uchitel (1964–70) and Sheldon Hazeltine.^[5] Before taking over the El Morocco, Uchitel owned the Eden Roc Hotel in Miami Beach for several years.^[6] In 1981, the Second Avenue wing operated briefly as a steakhouse.^[7]^[8] In 1992, it operated as a topless bar.^[9] In 1997, Desmond Wootton bought the property and opened the Night Owls nightclub. The site is now occupied by the Milan Condominium.^[10]

In popular culture

In the “Lucy Is Envious” episode of I Love Lucy, which aired 3/29/1954, Lucy is reading the society section of the paper, learning that her old, and very wealthy school friend Cynthia, is in town. The article talks about the opera opening the night before, and all of the parties that the attendees went to afterwards, including at 21 Club and El Morocco. The 1955 film My Sister Eileen includes the club, starring Janet Leigh and Jack Lemmon.

The club is a setting for a scene in the 1973 Arthur Laurents film The Way We Were. Katie Morosky spots a nodding-off Hubbell Gardiner at the bar, and a flashback ensues.
A fictionalized version of the club featuring distinctive zebra-striped banquettes is featured in the Woody Allen movie Cafe Society (2016). The club is referenced in Woody Allen's movie Radio Days (1987).
John Perona, billed as the club's "owner and operator", appeared as a mystery guest on the television show What's My Line on April 6, 1958. The particular panel included three regular panelists, Orson Welles. Perona himself was so well known that the panelists were blindfolded and he disguised his voice, following the show's custom with readily identifiable guests.
Allen Cooper takes Anne Welles to the El Morocco in the 1966 novel Valley of the Dolls by Jacqueline Susann.

References

Citations

^ "New York City – Cafe Society or Up from the Speakeasies". Oldandsold.com. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
^ Gorbato, Viviana (October 26, 2009). "Macoco, El Playboy Del Siglo" [Macoco, The Playboy of the Century] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 26, 2009. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
^ "Martín de Álzaga" (in Spanish). pilotosmuertos.es. Archived from the original on February 2, 2008. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
^ "Nightclubs: In Old Morocco". Time. December 25, 1964. Archived from the original on December 3, 2009. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
^ Edwards, Joe (1986). "Hazeltine acquires N.Y.'s El Morocco; targets October reopening". Nation's Restaurant News.
^ "Maurice Uchitel, 88, Owner of El Morocco". The New York Times. May 7, 2000. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
^ Sheraton, Mimi (March 20, 1981). "East Side steak and side dishes of Japan". The New York Times. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
^ Prial, Frank J. (April 29, 1987). "'21' And El Morocco: 2 Legends Reopen". The New York Times. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
^ "El Morocco: Famous Sup 'n' Sip Is a Strip". The New York Times. September 27, 1992. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
^ The Milan Condominium, New York City^[usurped]

Bibliography

Beebe, Lucius (1967). The Lucius Beebe Reader. Charles Clegg and Duncan Emrich (eds.). New York: Doubleday.
Zerbe, Jerome (1937). John Perona's El Morocco Family Album. Introduction by Lucius Beebe. New York: privately published.
Zerbe, Jerome (1934). People on Parade. Introduction by Lucius Beebe. New York: D. Kemp.

External links

"Ghosts of El Morocco", Laura Shaine Cunningham, The New York Times, September 4, 2004
Angelo Zuccotti, 89, Artist of the Velvet Rope, Thomas, Robert, Jr., The New York Times, August 12, 1998
Nights on the Town^{[permanent dead link‍]}, Taki Theodoracopulos, National Review, December 13, 1993
Photos of El Morocco
Photos of El Morocco
Friday Night Fever: El Morocco
El Morocco Slideshow-New York Daily News May 4, 2008

[1] "New York City – Cafe Society or Up from the Speakeasies". Oldandsold.com. Retrieved December 29, 2011.

[2] Gorbato, Viviana (October 26, 2009). "Macoco, El Playboy Del Siglo" [Macoco, The Playboy of the Century] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 26, 2009. Retrieved December 29, 2011.

[3] "Martín de Álzaga" (in Spanish). pilotosmuertos.es. Archived from the original on February 2, 2008. Retrieved December 29, 2011.

[4] "Nightclubs: In Old Morocco". Time. December 25, 1964. Archived from the original on December 3, 2009. Retrieved May 1, 2010.

[5] Edwards, Joe (1986). "Hazeltine acquires N.Y.'s El Morocco; targets October reopening". Nation's Restaurant News.

[6] "Maurice Uchitel, 88, Owner of El Morocco". The New York Times. May 7, 2000. Retrieved May 1, 2010.

[7] Sheraton, Mimi (March 20, 1981). "East Side steak and side dishes of Japan". The New York Times. Retrieved July 27, 2014.

[8] Prial, Frank J. (April 29, 1987). "'21' And El Morocco: 2 Legends Reopen". The New York Times. Retrieved May 1, 2010.

[9] "El Morocco: Famous Sup 'n' Sip Is a Strip". The New York Times. September 27, 1992. Retrieved May 1, 2010.

[10] The Milan Condominium, New York City^[usurped]

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 {{Short description|Former nightclub in Manhattan}}
+{{More citations|date=October 2023}}
 {{Infobox venue
 | name                   = El Morocco
@@ Line 12: / Line 13: @@
 | image_size             =
 | image_alt              =
-| caption                = Photo taken at the club in 1965
+| caption                = El Morocco in 1965
 | pushpin_map            =
 | pushpin_mapsize        =
@@ Line 19: / Line 20: @@
 | pushpin_relief         =
 | address                =
-| location               = [[Manhattan]]
+| location               = [[Manhattan]], New York City, U.S.
 | coordinates            = {{coord|40.75875|-73.96975|type:landmark_globe:earth_region:US-NY|display=title, inline}}
 | elevation              = <!-- {{cvt|...|ft|m}} or {{cvt|...|m|ft}} -->
@@ Line 60: / Line 61: @@
 {{For|the former Las Vegas nightclub|El Morocco (West Las Vegas)}}
-'''El Morocco''' (sometimes nicknamed Elmo or Elmer) was a 20th-century [[Manhattan]] [[nightclub]] frequented by the rich and famous from the 1930s until the decline of [[café society]] in the late 1950s. It was famous for its blue [[zebra]]-stripe motif (designed by Vernon MacFarlane) and its official photographer, [[Jerome Zerbe]].
+'''El Morocco''', sometimes nicknamed '''Elmo''' or '''Elmer''', was a 20th-century  [[nightclub]] in the [[Manhattan]] borough of [[New York City]].  It was frequented by the rich and famous from the 1930s until the decline of [[café society]] in the late 1950s. It was known for its blue [[zebra]]-stripe motif, designed by Vernon MacFarlane, and its official photographer, [[Jerome Zerbe]].
 ==History==
-In 1931, John Perona (born Enrione Giovanni Perona in [[Chiaverano]] in the [[Province of Turin]], [[Italy]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldandsold.com/articles06/new-york-city-75.shtml |title=New York City - Cafe Society Or Up From The Speakeasies |publisher=Oldandsold.com |accessdate=2011-12-29}}</ref> an Italian immigrant, with [[Martín de Álzaga (racing driver)|Martín de Alzaga]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://es.geocities.com/alzaga203/gorbato.htm |title=Macoco, EL PLAYBOY DEL SIGLO |date=2009-10-26 |accessdate=2011-12-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026185502/http://es.geocities.com/alzaga203/gorbato.htm |archivedate=October 26, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pilotosmuertos.es/comunicados/oc_no_di_2007/alzaga.html |title=de beste bron van informatie over pilotos muertos. Deze website is te koop! |publisher=pilotosmuertos.es |accessdate=2011-12-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727000136/http://www.pilotosmuertos.es/comunicados/oc_no_di_2007/alzaga.html |archivedate=2011-07-27 }}</ref> opened El Morocco as a [[speakeasy]] at 154 East [[54th Street (Manhattan)|54th Street]], on the south side of 54th Street in the middle of the block between Lexington Avenue and Third Avenue, where the [[Citigroup Center]] now stands.
+In 1931, John Perona (born Enrione Giovanni Perona in [[Chiaverano]] in the [[Province of Turin]], [[Italy]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldandsold.com/articles06/new-york-city-75.shtml |title=New York City – Cafe Society or Up from the Speakeasies |publisher=Oldandsold.com |access-date=2011-12-29}}</ref> an Italian immigrant, with [[Martín de Álzaga (racing driver)|Martín de Alzaga]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://es.geocities.com/alzaga203/gorbato.htm |title=Macoco, El Playboy Del Siglo |trans-title=Macoco, The Playboy of the Century |last=Gorbato |first=Viviana |date=2009-10-26 |language=es |access-date=2011-12-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026185502/http://es.geocities.com/alzaga203/gorbato.htm |archive-date=October 26, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pilotosmuertos.es/comunicados/oc_no_di_2007/alzaga.html |title=Martín de Álzaga |publisher=pilotosmuertos.es |language=es |access-date=2011-12-29 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202121841/http://pilotosmuertos.es/comunicados/oc_no_di_2007/alzaga.html |archive-date=2008-02-02 }}</ref> opened El Morocco as a [[speakeasy]] at 154 East [[54th Street (Manhattan)|54th Street]], on the south side of 54th Street in the middle of the block between [[Lexington Avenue]] and [[Third Avenue]], where the [[Citigroup Center]] now stands.
-After [[prohibition]] was repealed, it became one of the most popular establishments in [[New York, New York|New York City]]. Its regular clientele consisted of fashionable society, politicians, and entertainers. Part of what made the club the 'place to be' was the photographs taken by [[Jerome Zerbe]] which were always in the news the next day. Everyone always knew from the background zebra stripes on the banquettes where the celebrities had been.
+After [[prohibition]] was repealed, it became one of the most popular establishments in New York City. Its regular clientele consisted of fashionable society, politicians, and entertainers. [[Lucille Ball]] and [[Desi Arnaz]] had their wedding reception here. Part of what made the club the "place to be"  was the photographs taken by [[Jerome Zerbe]], which were always in the news the next day. Everyone always knew where the celebrities had been from the background zebra stripes on the banquettes.
-The neighborhood started changing after [[World War II]], and eventually Perona moved El Morocco to a four-story townhouse at 307 East 54th Street, on the north side of the street near the corner of Second Avenue, in 1960.
+The neighborhood started changing after [[World War II]]. Eventually, Perona moved the El Morocco to a four-story townhouse at 307 East 54th Street, on the north side of the street near the corner of [[Second Avenue (Manhattan)|Second Avenue]], in 1960.
-Perona died in 1961, and his son, Edwin took over the proprietorship. Later that year, Edwin Perona sold the club to John Mills, who owned it for three years.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,830962,00.html?iid=chix-sphere | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203103328/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,830962,00.html?iid=chix-sphere | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 3, 2009 | work=Time | title=Nightclubs: In Old Morocco | date=December 25, 1964 | accessdate=May 1, 2010}}</ref> It was then owned by Maurice Uchitel (1964&ndash;70) and Sheldon Hazeltine.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_v20/ai_4240554 | work=Nation's Restaurant News | title=Hazeltine acquires N.Y.'s El Morocco; targets October reopening | first=Joe | last=Edwards | year=1986}}</ref> Before taking over El Morocco, Uchitel owned the [[Eden Roc (hotel)|Eden Roc Hotel]] in Miami Beach for several years.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/07/nyregion/maurice-uchitel-88-owner-of-el-morocco.html | work=The New York Times | title=Maurice Uchitel, 88, Owner of El Morocco | date=May 7, 2000 | accessdate=May 1, 2010}}</ref> In 1981, the Second Avenue wing operated briefly as a steakhouse.<ref>{{cite news| title=East Side steak and side dishes of Japan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/20/arts/restaurants-by-mimi-sheraton-east-side-steak-and-side-dishes-of-japan.html |first=Mimi|last=Sheraton | newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 March 1981 |accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/29/nyregion/21-and-el-morocco-2-legends-reopen.html | work=The New York Times | title='21' And El Morocco: 2 Legends Reopen | first=Frank J. | last=Prial | date=April 29, 1987 | accessdate=May 1, 2010}}</ref> In 1992, it operated as a [[topless bar]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/27/style/el-morocco-famous-sup-n-sip-is-a-strip.html | work=The New York Times | title=El Morocco: Famous Sup 'n' Sip Is a Strip | date=September 27, 1992 | accessdate=May 1, 2010}}</ref> In 1997, Desmond Wootton bought the property and opened the Night Owls nightclub. The site is now occupied by the Milan Condominium.<ref>[http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=191980 The Milan Condominium, New York City<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
+Perona died in 1961, and his son, Edwin took over the proprietorship. Later that year, Edwin Perona sold the club to John Mills, who owned it for three years.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,830962,00.html?iid=chix-sphere | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203103328/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,830962,00.html?iid=chix-sphere | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 3, 2009 | work=Time | title=Nightclubs: In Old Morocco | date=December 25, 1964 | accessdate=May 1, 2010}}</ref> It was then owned by Maurice Uchitel (1964&ndash;70) and Sheldon Hazeltine.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_v20/ai_4240554 | work=Nation's Restaurant News | title=Hazeltine acquires N.Y.'s El Morocco; targets October reopening | first=Joe | last=Edwards | year=1986}}</ref> Before taking over the El Morocco, Uchitel owned the [[Eden Roc (hotel)|Eden Roc Hotel]] in Miami Beach for several years.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/07/nyregion/maurice-uchitel-88-owner-of-el-morocco.html | work=The New York Times | title=Maurice Uchitel, 88, Owner of El Morocco | date=May 7, 2000 | accessdate=May 1, 2010}}</ref> In 1981, the Second Avenue wing operated briefly as a steakhouse.<ref>{{cite news| title=East Side steak and side dishes of Japan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/20/arts/restaurants-by-mimi-sheraton-east-side-steak-and-side-dishes-of-japan.html |first=Mimi|last=Sheraton | newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 March 1981 |accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/29/nyregion/21-and-el-morocco-2-legends-reopen.html | work=The New York Times | title='21' And El Morocco: 2 Legends Reopen | first=Frank J. | last=Prial | date=April 29, 1987 | accessdate=May 1, 2010}}</ref> In 1992, it operated as a [[topless bar]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/27/style/el-morocco-famous-sup-n-sip-is-a-strip.html | work=The New York Times | title=El Morocco: Famous Sup 'n' Sip Is a Strip | date=September 27, 1992 | accessdate=May 1, 2010}}</ref> In 1997, Desmond Wootton bought the property and opened the Night Owls nightclub. The site is now occupied by the Milan Condominium.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20040613174028/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=191980 The Milan Condominium, New York City<!-- Bot generated title -->]}}</ref>
 ==In popular culture==
+In the “Lucy Is Envious” episode of ''I Love Lucy'', which aired 3/29/1954, Lucy is reading the society section of the paper, learning that her old, and very wealthy school friend Cynthia, is in town. The article talks about the opera opening the night before, and all of the parties that the attendees went to afterwards, including at [[21 Club]] and [[El Morocco]].
+The 1955 film ''[[My Sister Eileen]]'' includes the club, starring [[Janet Leigh]] and [[Jack Lemmon]].
 {{In popular culture|date=November 2018}}
 * The club is a setting for a scene in the 1973 [[Arthur Laurents]] film ''[[The Way We Were]]''. Katie Morosky spots a nodding-off Hubbell Gardiner at the bar, and a flashback ensues.
-* A fictionalized version of the club featuring distinctive zebra striped banquettes is featured in the Woody Allen movie ''[[Café Society (2016 film)|Cafe Society]]'' (2016). The club is referenced by name in Woody Allen's movie [[Radio Days]] (1987).
+* A fictionalized version of the club featuring distinctive zebra-striped banquettes is featured in the Woody Allen movie ''[[Café Society (2016 film)|Cafe Society]]'' (2016). The club is referenced in Woody Allen's movie ''[[Radio Days]]'' (1987).
-* John Perona, billed as the club's "owner and operator," appeared as a mystery guest on ''[[What's My Line]]'' on April 6, 1958. The particular panel included, along with three regular panelists, [[Orson Welles]]. Perona himself was so well known that the panelists were blindfolded and he disguised his voice, following the show's custom with readily identifiable guests.
+* John Perona, billed as the club's "owner and operator", appeared as a mystery guest on the television show ''[[What's My Line]]'' on April 6, 1958. The particular panel included three regular panelists, [[Orson Welles]]. Perona himself was so well known that the panelists were blindfolded and he disguised his voice, following the show's custom with readily identifiable guests.
-* Allen Cooper takes Anne Welles to El Morocco in the 1966 novel ''[[Valley of the Dolls (novel)|Valley of the Dolls]]'' by [[Jacqueline Susann]].
+* Allen Cooper takes Anne Welles to the El Morocco in the 1966 novel ''[[Valley of the Dolls (novel)|Valley of the Dolls]]'' by [[Jacqueline Susann]].
 ==References==
@@ Line 90: / Line 93: @@
 *[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/05/nyregion/thecity/ghosts-of-el-morocco.html "Ghosts of El Morocco"], Laura Shaine Cunningham, ''[[The New York Times]]'', September 4, 2004
 *[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/12/nyregion/angelo-zuccotti-89-artist-of-the-velvet-rope.html Angelo Zuccotti, 89, Artist of the Velvet Rope], Thomas, Robert, Jr., ''The New York Times'', August 12, 1998
-*[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Nights+on+the+town.-a014752854 Nights on the Town], [[Taki Theodoracopulos]], ''[[National Review]]'', December 13, 1993
+*[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Nights+on+the+town.-a014752854 Nights on the Town]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [[Taki Theodoracopulos]], ''[[National Review]]'', December 13, 1993
 *[http://www.georgeglazer.com/archives/prints/portraits/morocco.html Photos of El Morocco]
 *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061028040411/http://www.robinsonarchive.com/photograph-search-results.asp?pc=5&pages=1&page=1&subject=79 Photos of El Morocco]
@@ Line 98: / Line 101: @@
 {{Midtown East, Manhattan}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Morocco}}
 [[Category:1931 establishments in New York City]]
 [[Category:Defunct drinking establishments in Manhattan]]
+[[Category:Defunct nightclubs in New York (state)]]
+[[Category:Food and drink companies established in 1931]]
 [[Category:Nightclubs in Manhattan]]
 [[Category:Midtown Manhattan]]