Baltimore Orioles (1901–1902): Difference between revisions

Baltimore Orioles
Baltimore Orioles
Information
League	American League (1901–1902)
Ballpark	Oriole Park (1901–1902)
Established	1901
Folded	1902
American League pennant	None
World Series championships	None
Colors	Black and Orange (1901), Blue and White (1902)
Retired numbers	None
Ownership	John Mahon (1902); Andrew Freedman (1902); Ban Johnson (1902); Sydney Frank (1901)
Manager	John McGraw (1901–1902); Wilbert Robinson (1902)

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John McGraw was the first manager of the Baltimore Orioles, and had an ownership interest.

The Baltimore Orioles were a Major League Baseball team that played in Baltimore from 1901 to 1902. A charter member of the American League (AL), the team only lasted two seasons before folding after the 1902 season. The team was replaced the following season with the New York Highlanders, known since 1913 as the New York Yankees.

Before 1901

At the end of the 1900 baseball season, the Western League was positioned by its president, Ban Johnson, as a new major league that would compete with the established National League (NL). The league was reorganized and renamed the American League (AL), and eight cities fielded teams in the 1901 season. Johnson wanted one of these eight teams to be in New York City, however the politically powerful New York Giants had successfully prevented the AL from doing so;^[1] Johnson instead placed the would-be New York franchise in Baltimore, recruiting John McGraw as manager.^[2]^[3] A Baltimore team had previously played in the NL through the 1899 season, after which the club was shut down by the league. Baltimore was one of three former NL cities where the AL placed teams in an effort to reach underserved fans.^[4] The new Orioles' first manager was John McGraw, who had held the same position for the previous Baltimore team in 1899; McGraw also held an ownership stake.^[5] The team was incorporated as the "Baltimore Baseball and Athletic Company."^[2]

1901–1902

In 1901, their first season, the Orioles had a 68–65 win–loss record and finished in fifth place in the AL.^[6] During the season, there were numerous disputes between Johnson and McGraw over disciplinary issues, which continued into the following year.^[7] Rumors began to spread that Johnson was interested in relocating the team to New York City, in an attempt to compete directly with the NL. On July 16, 1902, McGraw left the Orioles and joined the New York Giants as their manager; he transferred his interest in the Baltimore team to the Giants as part of the deal.^[8] Several Orioles—including Roger Bresnahan and Joe McGinnity—joined the Giants after McGraw's departure, and the Giants gained a majority of the Orioles' stock. The league managed to take back control of the team from the Giants; after the Orioles forfeited a game against the St. Louis Browns the following day because they lacked enough active players,^[9] Johnson ordered that the team be "restocked with players essentially given away by the other teams in order to play out the schedule", according to author Marty Appel.^[10] The Orioles finished last in the league both in the standings and in attendance.^[11] The Orioles were disbanded following the end of the season.^[12]

Legacy

The AL and NL signed an agreement after the 1902 season that ended the leagues' battles for players, which had led to increasing salaries. Johnson sought the right to locate an AL team in New York City, which was granted as part of the leagues' peace agreement. The agreement was put to a vote, and 15 of the 16 major league owners agreed on it.^[1] Johnson's initial intentions for the team to play in Manhattan was opposed by Giants owner John T. Brush and former owner Andrew Freedman, who were connected to the city's Tammany Hall political organization. They blocked several potential stadium locations, before a pair of Tammany Hall politicians, Frank J. Farrell and William Stephen Devery, purchased the New York franchise in the AL.^[13] The pair paid US$18,000 for the team.^[14] This was the last change in the lineup of MLB teams for half a century.^[15]

It is not clear whether Farrell and Devery purchased the remains of the Orioles and moved them to New York, or if they received an expansion franchise. According to Appel, the Orioles seasons were included in Yankees history by many historians.^[16] Baseball-Reference.com included the 1901 and 1902 Orioles in its statistics for the Yankees until 2014, when it decided to separate the two years from the subsequent New York-based seasons. Official MLB historian John Thorn supported the change, citing the new ownership, high roster turnover, and AL takeover of the Orioles.^[17] The Yankees do not count the Orioles years as part of their history.^[18]

Major League Baseball did not return to Baltimore until 1954, when Bill Veeck sold the St. Louis Browns to Baltimore natives, attorney Clarence Miles and president of the National Brewing Company, Jerold Hoffberger. The Miles-Hoffberger group moved the team from St. Louis to Baltimore, returning major-league baseball to the city after 52 years. In consideration of prior "Baltimore Orioles" baseball teams, the franchise was renamed the Baltimore Orioles. This latest iteration of the Baltimore Orioles continues to play as a member of the American League.

References

^ ^a ^b "Origin of each MLB franchise". Fox Sports. October 20, 2016. Archived from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
^ ^a ^b sabr. "The American League's First Baltimore Orioles: John McGraw, Wilbert Robinson, and Rivalries Created – Society for American Baseball Research". Retrieved 2023-05-09.
^ Weeks, Jonathan (2016). Baseball's Dynasties and the Players Who Built Them. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 89. ISBN 9781442261570.
^ Tygiel 2000, pp. 48–49.
^ Tygiel 2000, pp. 47, 49.
^ "1901 Baltimore Orioles". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
^ Tygiel 2000, p. 52.
^ Fetter 2005, p. 22.
^ Fetter 2005, pp. 22–23.
^ Appel 2012, p. 5.
^ Fetter 2005, p. 23.
^ Klingaman, Mike (June 16, 2022). "Retro: Although met with great fanfare, the 1902 Orioles season was marked by losses, warring leagues". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 17, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
^ Stout 2002, pp. 9–14.
^ Appel 2012, p. 13.
^ Fetter 2005, pp. 204–205.
^ Appel 2012, pp. 13–14.
^ Zalman, Jonathan (August 15, 2014). "The Yankees' Missing Chapter". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
^ Appel 2012, p. 14.

Works cited

Appel, Marty (2012). Pinstripe Empire: The New York Yankees From Before the Babe to After the Boss. New York City: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60819-492-6.
Fetter, Henry D. (2005). Taking on the Yankees: Winning and Losing in the Business of Baseball. New York City: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-32674-1.
Stout, Glenn (2002). Yankees Century: 100 Years of New York Yankees Baseball. New York City: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-08527-9.
Tygiel, Jules (2000). Past Time: Baseball as History. New York City: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-514604-2.

[:1-1] "Origin of each MLB franchise". Fox Sports. October 20, 2016. Archived from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2022.

[SABR-2] sabr. "The American League's First Baltimore Orioles: John McGraw, Wilbert Robinson, and Rivalries Created – Society for American Baseball Research". Retrieved 2023-05-09.

[:2-3] Weeks, Jonathan (2016). Baseball's Dynasties and the Players Who Built Them. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 89. ISBN 9781442261570.

[FOOTNOTETygiel200048–49-4] Tygiel 2000, pp. 48–49.

[FOOTNOTETygiel200047,_49-5] Tygiel 2000, pp. 47, 49.

[6] "1901 Baltimore Orioles". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved July 1, 2013.

[FOOTNOTETygiel200052-7] Tygiel 2000, p. 52.

[FOOTNOTEFetter200522-8] Fetter 2005, p. 22.

[FOOTNOTEFetter200522–23-9] Fetter 2005, pp. 22–23.

[FOOTNOTEAppel20125-10] Appel 2012, p. 5.

[FOOTNOTEFetter200523-11] Fetter 2005, p. 23.

[12] Klingaman, Mike (June 16, 2022). "Retro: Although met with great fanfare, the 1902 Orioles season was marked by losses, warring leagues". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 17, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022.

[FOOTNOTEStout20029–14-13] Stout 2002, pp. 9–14.

[FOOTNOTEAppel201213-14] Appel 2012, p. 13.

[FOOTNOTEFetter2005204–205-15] Fetter 2005, pp. 204–205.

[FOOTNOTEAppel201213–14-16] Appel 2012, pp. 13–14.

[17] Zalman, Jonathan (August 15, 2014). "The Yankees' Missing Chapter". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 30, 2014.

[FOOTNOTEAppel201214-18] Appel 2012, p. 14.

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@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 | league = [[American League]] (1901–1902)
 | former_leagues =
-| FormerNames =
+| former_names =
 | uniform =
-| retirednumbers = None
+| retired_numbers = None
+| colors = Black and Orange (1901), Blue and White (1902)
-| colors =
 | nicknames =
 | ballpark = [[Oriole Park#American League Park / Oriole Park, 1901–1914|Oriole Park]] (1901–1902)
-| pastparks =
+| former_ballparks =
 | series = World Series
 | series_champs = None
 | league_champ_type = American League pennant
 | league_champs = None
-| Mascot =
+| mascot =
 | owner = [[John Mahon (baseball)|John Mahon]] (1902)<br />[[Andrew Freedman]] (1902)<br />[[Ban Johnson]] (1902)<br />[[Sydney Frank]] (1901)
-| manager = [[John McGraw]] (1901-1902)<br />[[Wilbert Robinson]] (1902)
+| manager = [[John McGraw]] (1901–1902)<br />[[Wilbert Robinson]] (1902)
-| gm =
+| general_manager =
 | current =
 | website =
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 [[File:John-McGraw-1910.jpeg|thumb|upright|John McGraw was the first manager of the Baltimore Orioles, and had an ownership interest.|alt=John McGraw]]
-The '''Baltimore Orioles''' were a [[Major League Baseball]] team that played in [[Baltimore]] from 1901 to 1902. A charter member of the [[American League]] (AL), the team only lasted two seasons before folding after the [[1902 Baltimore Orioles season|1902 season]]. The team was replaced the following season with the [[New York Yankees#1903–1912: Establishment in New York and the Highlanders years|New York Highlanders]], known since 1913 as the [[New York Yankees]].
+The '''Baltimore Orioles''' were a [[Major League Baseball]] team that played in [[Baltimore]] from 1901 to 1902. A charter member of the [[American League]] (AL), the team only lasted two seasons before folding after the [[1902 Baltimore Orioles season|1902 season]]. The team was replaced the following season with the [[New York Highlanders]], known since 1913 as the [[New York Yankees]].
 ==Before 1901==
-At the end of the [[1900 in baseball|1900 baseball season]], the [[Western League (original)|Western League]] was positioned by its president, [[Ban Johnson]], as a new major league that would compete with the established [[National League (baseball)|National League]] (NL). The league was reorganized and renamed the [[American League]] (AL), and eight cities fielded teams in the 1901 season. Johnson wanted one of these eight teams to be in [[New York City]], however the politically powerful [[New York Giants (baseball)|New York Giants]] had successfully prevented the AL from doing so<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:Cite web||date=October 20, 2016 |title=Origin of each MLB franchise |url=http://www.foxsports.com/mlb/gallery/origin-of-each-modern-era-baseball-franchise-team-110911 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023090412/http://www.foxsports.com/mlb/gallery/origin-of-each-modern-era-baseball-franchise-team-110911 |archive-date=October 23, 2017 |access-date=July 4, 2022 |website=[[Fox Sports]]}}</ref>; Johnson instead placed the would-be New York franchise in Baltimore, recruiting [[John McGraw]] as manager.<ref name="SABR">{{Cite web |last=sabr |title=The American League’s First Baltimore Orioles: John McGraw, Wilbert Robinson, and Rivalries Created – Society for American Baseball Research |url=https://sabr.org/journal/article/the-american-leagues-first-baltimore-orioles-john-mcgraw-wilbert-robinson-and-rivalries-created/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Weeks |first=Jonathan |url= |title=Baseball's Dynasties and the Players Who Built Them |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2016 |isbn=9781442261570 |pages=89}}</ref> A [[Baltimore Orioles (NL)|Baltimore team]] had previously played in the NL through the [[1899 in baseball|1899 season]], after which the club was shut down by the league. Baltimore was one of three former NL cities where the AL placed teams in an effort to reach underserved fans.{{sfn|Tygiel|2000|pp=48–49}} The new Orioles' first [[Manager (baseball)|manager]] was [[John McGraw]], who had held the same position for the previous Baltimore team in 1899; McGraw also held an ownership stake.{{sfn|Tygiel|2000|pp=47, 49}} The team was incorporated as the "'''Baltimore Baseball and Athletic Company'''."<ref name="SABR" />
+At the end of the [[1900 in baseball|1900 baseball season]], the [[Western League (original)|Western League]] was positioned by its president, [[Ban Johnson]], as a new major league that would compete with the established [[National League (baseball)|National League]] (NL). The league was reorganized and renamed the [[American League]] (AL), and eight cities fielded teams in the 1901 season. Johnson wanted one of these eight teams to be in [[New York City]], however the politically powerful [[New York Giants (baseball)|New York Giants]] had successfully prevented the AL from doing so;<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:Cite web||date=October 20, 2016 |title=Origin of each MLB franchise |url=http://www.foxsports.com/mlb/gallery/origin-of-each-modern-era-baseball-franchise-team-110911 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023090412/http://www.foxsports.com/mlb/gallery/origin-of-each-modern-era-baseball-franchise-team-110911 |archive-date=October 23, 2017 |access-date=July 4, 2022 |website=[[Fox Sports]]}}</ref> Johnson instead placed the would-be New York franchise in Baltimore, recruiting [[John McGraw]] as manager.<ref name="SABR">{{Cite web |last=sabr |title=The American League’s First Baltimore Orioles: John McGraw, Wilbert Robinson, and Rivalries Created – Society for American Baseball Research |url=https://sabr.org/journal/article/the-american-leagues-first-baltimore-orioles-john-mcgraw-wilbert-robinson-and-rivalries-created/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Weeks |first=Jonathan |url= |title=Baseball's Dynasties and the Players Who Built Them |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2016 |isbn=9781442261570 |pages=89}}</ref> A [[Baltimore Orioles (NL)|Baltimore team]] had previously played in the NL through the [[1899 in baseball|1899 season]], after which the club was shut down by the league. Baltimore was one of three former NL cities where the AL placed teams in an effort to reach underserved fans.{{sfn|Tygiel|2000|pp=48–49}} The new Orioles' first [[Manager (baseball)|manager]] was [[John McGraw]], who had held the same position for the previous Baltimore team in 1899; McGraw also held an ownership stake.{{sfn|Tygiel|2000|pp=47, 49}} The team was incorporated as the "'''Baltimore Baseball and Athletic Company'''."<ref name="SABR" />
 ==1901–1902==
-In 1901, [[1901 Baltimore Orioles season|their first season]], the Orioles had a 68–65 win–loss record and finished in fifth place in the AL.<ref>{{cite web|title=1901 Baltimore Orioles|publisher=[[Baseball-Reference.com]]|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/BLA/1901.shtml|access-date=July 1, 2013}}</ref> During the season, there were numerous disputes between Johnson and McGraw over disciplinary issues, which continued into [[1902 Baltimore Orioles season|the following year]].{{sfn|Tygiel|2000|p=52}} Rumors began to spread that Johnson was interested in relocating the team to [[New York City]], in an attempt to compete directly with the NL. On July 16, McGraw left the Orioles and joined the [[New York Giants (NL)|New York Giants]] as their manager; he transferred his interest in the Baltimore team to the Giants as part of the deal.{{sfn|Fetter|2005|p=22}} Several Orioles—including [[Roger Bresnahan]] and [[Joe McGinnity]]—joined the Giants after McGraw's departure, and the Giants gained a majority of the Orioles' stock. The league managed to take back control of the team from the Giants; after the Orioles forfeited a game against the [[St. Louis Browns]] the following day because they lacked enough active players,{{sfn|Fetter|2005|pp=22–23}} Johnson ordered that the team be "restocked with players essentially given away by the other teams in order to play out the schedule", according to author [[Marty Appel]].{{sfn|Appel|2012|p=5}} The Orioles finished last in the league both in the standings and in attendance.{{sfn|Fetter|2005|p=23}} The Orioles were disbanded following the end of the season.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Klingaman |first=Mike |date=June 16, 2022 |title=Retro: Although met with great fanfare, the 1902 Orioles season was marked by losses, warring leagues |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/features/retro-baltimore/bs-fe-retro-1902-orioles-20220616-2j3zjvehifbiloxrhpcd5ntvpi-story.html |access-date=July 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617080734/https://www.baltimoresun.com/features/retro-baltimore/bs-fe-retro-1902-orioles-20220616-2j3zjvehifbiloxrhpcd5ntvpi-story.html |archive-date=June 17, 2022}}</ref>
+In 1901, [[1901 Baltimore Orioles season|their first season]], the Orioles had a 68–65 win–loss record and finished in fifth place in the AL.<ref>{{cite web|title=1901 Baltimore Orioles|publisher=[[Baseball-Reference.com]]|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/BLA/1901.shtml|access-date=July 1, 2013}}</ref> During the season, there were numerous disputes between Johnson and McGraw over disciplinary issues, which continued into [[1902 Baltimore Orioles season|the following year]].{{sfn|Tygiel|2000|p=52}} Rumors began to spread that Johnson was interested in relocating the team to [[New York City]], in an attempt to compete directly with the NL. On July 16, 1902, McGraw left the Orioles and joined the [[New York Giants (NL)|New York Giants]] as their manager; he transferred his interest in the Baltimore team to the Giants as part of the deal.{{sfn|Fetter|2005|p=22}} Several Orioles—including [[Roger Bresnahan]] and [[Joe McGinnity]]—joined the Giants after McGraw's departure, and the Giants gained a majority of the Orioles' stock. The league managed to take back control of the team from the Giants; after the Orioles forfeited a game against the [[St. Louis Browns]] the following day because they lacked enough active players,{{sfn|Fetter|2005|pp=22–23}} Johnson ordered that the team be "restocked with players essentially given away by the other teams in order to play out the schedule", according to author [[Marty Appel]].{{sfn|Appel|2012|p=5}} The Orioles finished last in the league both in the standings and in attendance.{{sfn|Fetter|2005|p=23}} The Orioles were disbanded following the end of the season.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite news||last=Klingaman |first=Mike |date=June 16, 2022 |title=Retro: Although met with great fanfare, the 1902 Orioles season was marked by losses, warring leagues |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/features/retro-baltimore/bs-fe-retro-1902-orioles-20220616-2j3zjvehifbiloxrhpcd5ntvpi-story.html |access-date=July 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617080734/https://www.baltimoresun.com/features/retro-baltimore/bs-fe-retro-1902-orioles-20220616-2j3zjvehifbiloxrhpcd5ntvpi-story.html |archive-date=June 17, 2022}}</ref>
 ==Legacy==
-The AL and NL signed an agreement after the 1902 season that ended the leagues' battles for players, which had led to increasing salaries. Johnson sought the right to locate an AL team in New York City, which was granted as part of the leagues' peace agreement. The agreement was put to a vote, and 15 of the 16 major league owners agreed on it.<ref name=":1" />. Johnson's initial intentions for the team to play in Manhattan was opposed by Giants owner [[John T. Brush]] and former owner [[Andrew Freedman]], who were connected to the city's [[Tammany Hall]] political organization. They blocked several potential stadium locations, before a pair of Tammany Hall politicians, [[Frank J. Farrell]] and [[William Stephen Devery]], purchased the New York franchise in the AL.{{sfn|Stout|2002|pp=9–14}} The pair paid {{US$|18,000}} for the team.{{sfn|Appel|2012|p=13}} This was the last change in the lineup of MLB teams for half a century.{{sfn|Fetter|2005|pp=204–205}}
+The AL and NL signed an agreement after the 1902 season that ended the leagues' battles for players, which had led to increasing salaries. Johnson sought the right to locate an AL team in New York City, which was granted as part of the leagues' peace agreement. The agreement was put to a vote, and 15 of the 16 major league owners agreed on it.<ref name=":1" /> Johnson's initial intentions for the team to play in Manhattan was opposed by Giants owner [[John T. Brush]] and former owner [[Andrew Freedman]], who were connected to the city's [[Tammany Hall]] political organization. They blocked several potential stadium locations, before a pair of Tammany Hall politicians, [[Frank J. Farrell]] and [[William Stephen Devery]], purchased the New York franchise in the AL.{{sfn|Stout|2002|pp=9–14}} The pair paid {{US$|18,000}} for the team.{{sfn|Appel|2012|p=13}} This was the last change in the lineup of MLB teams for half a century.{{sfn|Fetter|2005|pp=204–205}}
 It is not clear whether Farrell and Devery purchased the remains of the Orioles and moved them to New York, or if they received an [[expansion team|expansion franchise]]. According to Appel, the Orioles seasons were included in Yankees history by many historians.{{sfn|Appel|2012|pp=13–14}} [[Baseball-Reference.com]] included the 1901 and 1902 Orioles in its statistics for the Yankees until 2014, when it decided to separate the two years from the subsequent New York-based seasons. Official MLB historian [[John Thorn]] supported the change, citing the new ownership, high roster turnover, and AL takeover of the Orioles.<ref>{{cite news|last=Zalman|first=Jonathan|title=The Yankees' Missing Chapter|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=August 15, 2014|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-yankees-missing-chapter-1408051572|url-access=subscription |access-date=December 30, 2014}}</ref> The Yankees do not count the Orioles years as part of their history.{{sfn|Appel|2012|p=14}}
-Major League Baseball would not return to Baltimore until 1954, when [[Bill Veeck]] sold the [[St. Louis Browns]] to Baltimore natives, attorney [[Clarence Miles]] and president of the [[National Brewing Company]], [[Jerold Hoffberger]]. The Miles-Hoffberger group would move the team from [[St. Louis]] to Baltimore, returning Major League Baseball to the city after 52 years. The now-Baltimore team would be named the '''[[Baltimore Orioles]]''', named after the [[Baltimore Oriole (disambiguation)#Sports|several baseball teams who had previously used the name]]. This iteration of the Baltimore Orioles continues to play in Baltimore up to the present day.
+Major League Baseball did not return to Baltimore until 1954, when [[Bill Veeck]] sold the [[St. Louis Browns]] to Baltimore natives, attorney [[Clarence Miles]] and president of the [[National Brewing Company]], [[Jerold Hoffberger]]. The Miles-Hoffberger group moved the team from [[St. Louis]] to Baltimore, returning major-league baseball to the city after 52 years. In consideration of [[Baltimore Oriole (disambiguation)#Sports|prior "Baltimore Orioles" baseball teams]], the franchise was renamed the [[Baltimore Orioles]]. This latest iteration of the Baltimore Orioles continues to play as a member of the American League.
 ==References==
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Stout |first=Glenn |title=Yankees Century: 100 Years of New York Yankees Baseball |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=2002 |location=New York City |isbn=978-0-618-08527-9}}
 * {{cite book |last=Tygiel |first=Jules |title=Past Time: Baseball as History |url=https://archive.org/details/pasttimebaseball0000tygi |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |location=New York City |isbn=978-0-19-514604-2}}
+{{American League}}
 [[Category:Baseball teams established in 1901]]
@@ Line 62: / Line 63: @@
 [[Category:Defunct baseball teams in Maryland]]
 [[Category:Defunct Major League Baseball teams]]
+[[Category:Baltimore Orioles (1901–02)| Orioles]]
-{{Maryland-baseball-team-stub}}