Khingila I: Difference between revisions

Khingila I
Khingila I
Ruler of the Alchon Huns
	Portrait of king Khingila c. 440 – 490 CE on one of his silver drachms. Bactrian script legend:; ; χιγγιλο αλχοννο "Khiggilo Alchono", with Alchon tamgha symbol class=notpageimage\| Approximate location of Khingila's territory
Reign	430-490
Successor	Mehama
Born	c. 430; Central Asia
Died	c. 490 (aged 59–60)

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Khingila I (Bactrian: χιγγιλο Khingilo, Brahmi script: Khi-ṇgi-la, Middle Chinese: 金吉剌 Kim kjit lat, Persian: شنگل Shengel; c.430-490) was the founding king of the Hunnic Alkhan dynasty (Bactrian: αλχανο, Middle Chinese: 嚈噠). He was a contemporary of Khushnavaz (fl. 484).

Rule

In response to the migration of the Wusun (who were hard-pressed by the Rouran) from Zhetysu to the Pamir region, Khingila united the Uars and the Xionites in 460AD, establishing the Hepthalite dynasty.

According to the Syrian compilation of Church Historian Zacharias Rhetor (c. 465, Gaza – after 536), bishop of Mytilene, the need for new grazing land to replace that lost to the Wusun led Khingila's "Uar-Chionites" to displace the Sabirs to the west, who in turn displaced the Saragur, Ugor and Onogur, who then asked for an alliance and land from Byzantium.^{[citation needed]}

In his coin in the Brahmi script, Khingila uses the legend "God-King Khingila" (, Deva Shahi Khingila).^[3]

A "Seal of Khingila" is known, with legend in the Bactrian language, but it is uncertain if it belonged to Khingila, or another ruler of the same name.^[4]

Khingila is also known from a Brahmi inscription, the Talagan copper scroll.

Artifacts

Coin of younger Khingila, circa 440-490 CE.^[5]
Khingila with the word "Alchono" in Bactrian script (αλχονο) and the Tamgha symbol on his coins.^[6]^[7]
Later coinage, with name "Khingila" in the Brahmi script.
A coin of Khingila with the title Deva Shahi Khinghila ( "God-King Khingila"), 440-490 CE.^[3]
The word "Alchono" (αλχοννο) in the Greco-Bactrian cursive script, on a coin of Khingila.^[8]
Alchon horseman, possibly Khingila, on the Hephthalite silver bowl.^[9]
"Khingila" in Brahmi script on his later coinage

References

^ This coin is in the collection of the British Museum. For equivalent coin, see CNG Coins
^ Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 105–124. ISBN 9781474400305.
^ ^a ^b Dhavalikar, M. K. (1971). "A Note on Two Gaṇeśa Statues from Afghanistan" (PDF). East and West. 21 (3/4): 331–336. ISSN 0012-8376. JSTOR 29755703.
^ ALRAM, MICHAEL (2003). "Three Hunnic Bullae from Northwest India" (PDF). Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 180, Figure 11. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049314.
^ CNG coins
^ Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. p. 199. ISBN 9781474400312.
^ CNG Coins
^ CNG Coins
^ Bakker, Hans T. (12 March 2020). The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia. Barkhuis. pp. 43–47. ISBN 978-94-93194-00-7.

External links

Preceded by Anonymous	King of the Alchon Huns 430-461	Succeeded by Mehama

[1] This coin is in the collection of the British Museum. For equivalent coin, see CNG Coins

[ROTS-2] Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 105–124. ISBN 9781474400305.

[MKD-3] Dhavalikar, M. K. (1971). "A Note on Two Gaṇeśa Statues from Afghanistan" (PDF). East and West. 21 (3/4): 331–336. ISSN 0012-8376. JSTOR 29755703.

[MA-4] ALRAM, MICHAEL (2003). "Three Hunnic Bullae from Northwest India" (PDF). Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 180, Figure 11. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049314.

[5] CNG coins

[6] Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. p. 199. ISBN 9781474400312.

[7] CNG Coins

[8] CNG Coins

[HTB43-9] Bakker, Hans T. (12 March 2020). The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia. Barkhuis. pp. 43–47. ISBN 978-94-93194-00-7.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Founding king of the Alchon Huns (c. 430–490)}}
-{{Infobox monarch
+{{Infobox royalty
 | name = Khingila I
 | title        = Ruler of the [[Alchon Huns]]
 | image        = HunCoinDerivedFromSassanianDesign5thCE.JPG
-| caption      = Portrait of king [[Khingila]] c. 440 - 490 CE on one of his silver drachms. [[Bactrian script]] legend:<br>[[File:Xiggilo Alxono (Bactrian script).jpg|130px]]<br>χιγγιλο αλχοννο ''"Khiggilo Alchono"'', with Alchon [[tamgha]] symbol [[File:Alchon_Tamga.png|15px]]<ref>This coin is in the collection of the [[British Museum]]. For equivalent coin, see [https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=156854 CNG Coins]</ref><ref name="ROTS">{{cite book |last1=Rezakhani |first1=Khodadad |title=ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity |date=2017 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=9781474400305 |pages=105-124 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bjRWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA105 |language=en}}</ref>
+| caption      = Portrait of king [[Khingila]] {{Circa|440}} – 490 CE on one of his silver drachms. [[Bactrian script]] legend:<br>[[File:Xiggilo Alxono (Bactrian script).jpg|130px]]<br>χιγγιλο αλχοννο ''"Khiggilo Alchono"'', with Alchon [[tamgha]] symbol [[File:Alchon_Tamga.png|15px]]<ref>This coin is in the collection of the [[British Museum]]. For equivalent coin, see [https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=156854 CNG Coins]</ref><ref name="ROTS">{{cite book |last1=Rezakhani |first1=Khodadad |title=ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity |date=2017 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=9781474400305 |pages=105–124 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bjRWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA105 |language=en}}</ref>
 {{Location map+
 |West Asia
@@ Line 15: / Line 16: @@
 {{location map~ |West Asia |lat=38|N |long=66|E |label=|position=left |label_size=70|mark=Brown circle 50%.svg|marksize=30}}
 }}
-| reign        = 440-490
+| reign        = 430-490
-| birth_date   = c. 430
+| birth_date   = {{Circa|430}}
 | birth_place  = Central Asia
-| death_date   = c. {{death date and age|490|||430|||df=y}}
+| death_date   = {{Circa|{{death date and age|490|||430|||df=y}}}}
 | successor    = [[Mehama]]
 | signature =
 }}
 {{Alchon Huns}}
-'''Khingila I''' ([[Bactrian language|Bactrian]]: [[File:Xiggilo (Bactrian script).jpg|70px]] χιγγιλο ''Khingilo'', [[Brahmi script]]:<sup>[[File:Khi-nngi-la Name of Alchon ruler Khingila in the Brahmi script 430-490 CE.jpg|47px]]</sup> ''Khi-ṇgi-la'', [[Middle Chinese]]: 金吉剌 ''Jīnjílà'', [[Persian language|Persian]]: شنگل ''Shengil''; c.430-490) was the founding king of the Hunnic [[Alchon Huns|Alkhan dynasty]] ([[Bactrian language|Bactrian]]: αλχανο, [[Middle Chinese]]: 嚈噠). He was a contemporary of [[Khushnavaz]] ([[floruit|fl.]] 484).
+'''Khingila I''' ([[Bactrian language|Bactrian]]: [[File:Xiggilo (Bactrian script).jpg|70px]] χιγγιλο ''Khingilo'', [[Brahmi script]]:<sup>[[File:Khi-nngi-la Name of Alchon ruler Khingila in the Brahmi script 430-490 CE.jpg|47px]]</sup> ''Khi-ṇgi-la'', [[Middle Chinese]]: 金吉剌 ''Kim kjit lat'', [[Persian language|Persian]]: شنگل ''Shengel''; c.430-490) was the founding king of the Hunnic [[Alchon Huns|Alkhan dynasty]] ([[Bactrian language|Bactrian]]: αλχανο, [[Middle Chinese]]: 嚈噠). He was a contemporary of [[Khushnavaz]] ([[floruit|fl.]] 484).
 ==Rule==
-In response to the migration of the [[Wusun]] (who were hard-pressed by the [[Rouran]]) from [[Zhetysu]] to the [[Pamir Mountains|Pamir]] region, Khingila united the [[Uar]] and the [[Xionites]] in 460AD, establishing the Hepthalite dynasty.
+In response to the migration of the [[Wusun]] (who were hard-pressed by the [[Rouran]]) from [[Jetisu|Zhetysu]] to the [[Pamir Mountains|Pamir]] region, Khingila united the [[Pannonian Avars#Uar, Rouran and other_Central Asian peoples|Uars]] and the [[Xionites]] in 460AD, establishing the [[Hephthalites|Hepthalite dynasty]].
-According to the Syrian compilation of Church Historian [[Zacharias Rhetor]] (c. 465, Gaza – after 536), bishop of [[Mytilene]], the need for new grazing land to replace that lost to the Wusun led Khingila's "Uar-Chionites" to displace the [[Sabir people|Sabirs]] to the west, who in turn displaced the [[Saragur (people)|Saragur]], [[Ugor]] and [[Onogurs|Onogur]], who then asked for an alliance and land from [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantium]].
+According to the Syrian compilation of Church Historian [[Zacharias Rhetor]] ({{Circa|465}}, Gaza – after 536), bishop of [[Mytilene]], the need for new grazing land to replace that lost to the Wusun led Khingila's "Uar-Chionites" to displace the [[Sabir people|Sabirs]] to the west, who in turn displaced the [[Saragurs|Saragur]], [[Ugor]] and [[Onogurs|Onogur]], who then asked for an alliance and land from [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantium]].{{cn|date=January 2024}}
-In his coin in the [[Brahmi script]], Khingila uses the legend "''Deva Shahi Khingila''" ([[File:Gupta ashoka de.svg|10px]][[File:Gupta ashoka v.svg|10px]][[File:Gupta ashoka ss.svg|14px]]<sup>[[File:Gupta ashoka hi.jpg|16px]]</sup><sup>[[File:Khi-nngi-la Name of Alchon ruler Khingila in the Brahmi script 430-490 CE.jpg|47px]]</sup> "God-King Khingila").<ref name="MKD">{{cite journal |last1=Dhavalikar |first1=M. K. |title=A Note on Two Gaṇeśa Statues from Afghanistan |journal=East and West |date=1971 |volume=21 |issue=3/4 |pages=331–336 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/29755703.pdf |issn=0012-8376}}</ref>
+In his coin in the [[Brahmi script]], Khingila uses the legend "God-King Khingila" ([[File:Gupta ashoka de.svg|12px]][[File:Gupta ashoka v.svg|12px]][[File:Gupta ashoka ss.svg|14px]]<sup>[[File:Gupta ashoka hi.jpg|18px]][[File:Khi-nngi-la Name of Alchon ruler Khingila in the Brahmi script 430-490 CE.jpg|47px]]</sup>, ''Deva Shahi Khingila'').<ref name="MKD">{{cite journal |last1=Dhavalikar |first1=M. K. |title=A Note on Two Gaṇeśa Statues from Afghanistan |journal=East and West |date=1971 |volume=21 |issue=3/4 |pages=331–336 |jstor=29755703 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/29755703.pdf |issn=0012-8376}}</ref>
-A "[[Seal of Khingila]]" is known, with legend in the [[Bactrian language]], but it is uncertain if it belonged to Khingila, or another ruler of the same name.<ref name="MA">{{cite journal |last1=ALRAM |first1=MICHAEL |title=Three Hunnic Bullae from Northwest India |journal=Bulletin of the Asia Institute |date=2003 |volume=17 |page=180, Figure 11 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24049314.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Ac6f3b6190011188d02022fe3e1de5f0b |issn=0890-4464}}</ref>
+A "[[Seal of Khingila]]" is known, with legend in the [[Bactrian language]], but it is uncertain if it belonged to Khingila, or another ruler of the same name.<ref name="MA">{{cite journal |last1=ALRAM |first1=MICHAEL |title=Three Hunnic Bullae from Northwest India |journal=Bulletin of the Asia Institute |date=2003 |volume=17 |page=180, Figure 11 |jstor=24049314 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24049314.pdf |issn=0890-4464}}</ref>
+Khingila is also known from a Brahmi inscription, the [[Talagan copper scroll]].
-A [[Narendraditya Khinkhila]], of the same ethnicity, is dated to the early 7th century CE.<ref name="MKD"/>
 ==Artifacts==
 <gallery widths="200px" heights="100px" perrow="4">
-File:Khingila of the Alchon Huns Circa 440-490 CE.jpg|Coin of younger Khingila, circa 440-490 CE.<ref>CNG coins [https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=156855]</ref>
+File:Khingila of the Alchon Huns Circa 440-490 CE.jpg|Coin of younger Khingila, circa 440-490 CE.<ref>[https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=156855 CNG coins]</ref>
-File:Khingila Alchono.jpg|300px|[[Khingila]] with the word "Alchono" in [[Bactrian script]] (αλχονο) and the [[Tamgha]] symbol on his coins.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rezakhani|first1=Khodadad|title=ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity|date=2017|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=9781474400312|page=199|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VjVYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT199|language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=114833 CNG Coins]</ref>
+File:Khingila Alchono.jpg|[[Khingila]] with the word "Alchono" in [[Bactrian script]] (αλχονο) and the [[Tamgha]] symbol on his coins.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rezakhani|first1=Khodadad|title=ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity|date=2017|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=9781474400312|page=199|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VjVYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT199|language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=114833 CNG Coins]</ref>
 File:Alchon Huns. Khingila. Circa 440s-490s.jpg|Later coinage, with name "Khingila" in the [[Brahmi script]].
-File:Devashahi Khingila.jpg|upright|A coin of Khingila with the title ''Deva Shahi Khinghila'' ([[File:Gupta ashoka de.svg|10px]][[File:Gupta ashoka v.svg|10px]][[File:Gupta ashoka ss.svg|14px]]<sup>[[File:Gupta ashoka hi.jpg|16px]]</sup><sup>[[File:Khi-nngi-la Name of Alchon ruler Khingila in the Brahmi script 430-490 CE.jpg|47px]]</sup> "God-King Khingila"), 440-490 CE.<ref name="MKD"/>
+File:Devashahi Khingila.jpg|A coin of Khingila with the title ''Deva Shahi Khinghila'' ([[File:Gupta ashoka de.svg|10px]][[File:Gupta ashoka v.svg|10px]][[File:Gupta ashoka ss.svg|14px]]<sup>[[File:Gupta ashoka hi.jpg|16px]][[File:Khi-nngi-la Name of Alchon ruler Khingila in the Brahmi script 430-490 CE.jpg|47px]]</sup> "God-King Khingila"), 440-490 CE.<ref name="MKD"/>
 File:Alchono legend with coin.jpg|The word "Alchono" (αλχοννο) in the [[Bactrian script|Greco-Bactrian cursive script]], on a coin of [[Khingila]].<ref>[https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=90023 CNG Coins]</ref>
-Hephthalite horseman on British Museum bowl 460-479 CE.jpg|Alchon horseman, possibly [[Khingila]], on the [[Hephthalite silver bowl]].<ref name="HTB43">{{cite book|last1=Bakker|first1=Hans T.|title=The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia|publisher=Barkhuis|isbn=978-94-93194-00-7|pages=43-47|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLnVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA43|language=en}}</ref>
+File:Hephthalite horseman on British Museum bowl 460-479 CE.jpg|Alchon horseman, possibly [[Khingila]], on the [[Hephthalite silver bowl]].<ref name="HTB43">{{cite book|last1=Bakker|first1=Hans T.|title=The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia|date=12 March 2020 |publisher=Barkhuis|isbn=978-94-93194-00-7|pages=43–47|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLnVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA43|language=en}}</ref>
 File:Khingila name in Middle Brahmi script.jpg|"Khingila" in [[Brahmi script]] on his later coinage
 </gallery>
@@ Line 54: / Line 55: @@
 ==External links==
-* [https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/ziadnumis/alxonintro.htm&date=2009-10-25+21:21:49 Khingila coinage]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090830094305/http://geocities.com/ziadnumis/alxonintro.htm Khingila coinage]
 * [http://coinindia.com/galleries-khingila.html Online catalogue of Khingila coins]
@@ Line 60: / Line 61: @@
 {{succession box
 | before = '''Anonymous'''
-| title = Tegin of the [[Alchon Huns]]
+| title = King of the [[Alchon Huns]]
 | years = 430-461
 | after = [[Mehama]]
@@ Line 67: / Line 68: @@
 [[Category:Central Asia]]
-[[Category:Hephthalites]]
+[[Category:Kings of the Alchon Huns]]
-[[Category:430 births]]
+[[Category:430s births]]
 [[Category:490 deaths]]
+[[Category:Founding monarchs]]
-{{CAsia-hist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 01:27, 5 December 2024

Rule

Artifacts

See also

References

External links