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St. Theophan the Recluse wearing a klobuk.

A klobuk is an item of monastic clothing worn by monks and, in the Russian tradition, also by nuns, in the Byzantine Rite, composed of a kamilavka (stiffened round black headcovering) with an epanokamelavkion, a veil which completely covers the kamilavka and hangs down over the shoulders and back.

Overview

In the Greek tradition, the epanokamelavkion is simply laid over the kamilavka and allowed to hang freely,^{[note 1]}^{[note 2]} but in the Russian tradition they are permanently attached.

Tonsured monastics always wear a klobuk in church and the refectory and whenever else formally dressed. During the services, there are specified times when monks are to remove the klobuk and lay it on their left shoulder to denote reverence for the sacred , e.g., when the deacon brings the chalice out through the holy doors for Holy Communion. Nuns do not normally remove the klobuk at any time during services.^{[note 3]}

In the Russian tradition Archbishops and Metropolitans usually wear a small jewelled cross on the front of their klobuk as a mark of their rank.^{[photo 1]} Metropolitans wear a klobuk that is white rather than black.^{[photo 2]}

The patriarchs of Romania and Serbia also wear a white klobuk.

The patriarchs of Moscow and Georgia wear an archaic form of klobuk that is rounded on top, and the former's is white, embroidered, and surmounted with a cross.^{[photo 3]}

Patriarchs and bishops of the Coptic Catholic^{[photo 4]} and Armenian Catholic^{[photo 5]} churches wear klobuks as well, although it is not a headgear worn by their Oriental Orthodox counterparts. Red klobuks have been worn by a Coptic Catholic patriarch,^{[photo 6]} an Armenian Catholic catholicos,^{[photo 7]} and a Ukrainian Catholic major archbishop^{[photo 8]} after being elevated to the cardinalate. A purple klobuk has been used by a Ukrainian Catholic bishop.^{[photo 9]}

Footnotes

^ The Athonite Typicon calls for the veil to be removed at certain points during the services.
^ A deacon's epanokamelavkion is normally removable because he serves wearing only the kamilavka when he vests.
^ Even when nuns are to be anointed on the forehead, they do not remove the klobuk, only pushing it back on their heads enough for the priest or bishop to anoint them.

References

Sources

Philippi, Dieter (2009). Sammlung Philippi - Kopfbedeckungen in Glaube, Religion und Spiritualität. St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig. ISBN 978-3-7462-2800-6.

External photos

^ . 2006-02-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20060222073606/http://ocaphoto.oca.org/filetmp/2005/May/1001/Detail/DSC_0002.jpg. Archived from the original on 2006-02-22. Retrieved 2020-03-22. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ . 2005-05-02 https://web.archive.org/web/20050502135421/http://www.oca.org/Images/HolySynod/portraits/met.theo.jpg. Archived from the original on 2005-05-02. Retrieved 2020-03-22. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ Library of Congress https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/reflections/images/ref0026s.jpg. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ https://www.absolutviajes.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/IMG_017637.jpg. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ "big5.jpg (358x450 pixels)". archive.is. 2013-04-14. Archived from the original on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2020-03-22.
^ http://i265.photobucket.com/albums/ii232/TERESA7_album/STEPHANOS-COPT.jpg. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ "√ Joker123 Login | Joker123 Slot | Joker388 Online". 2004-04-15. Archived from the original on 2004-04-15. Retrieved 2020-03-22.
^ . 2007-01-28 https://web.archive.org/web/20070128145658/http://danielmitsui.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/slipyj2.jpg. Archived from the original on 2007-01-28. Retrieved 2020-03-22. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ "Bishop Basil Losten in the purple headdress". www.brama.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2020-03-22.

[1] The Athonite Typicon calls for the veil to be removed at certain points during the services.

[2] A deacon's epanokamelavkion is normally removable because he serves wearing only the kamilavka when he vests.

[3] Even when nuns are to be anointed on the forehead, they do not remove the klobuk, only pushing it back on their heads enough for the priest or bishop to anoint them.

[4] . 2006-02-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20060222073606/http://ocaphoto.oca.org/filetmp/2005/May/1001/Detail/DSC_0002.jpg. Archived from the original on 2006-02-22. Retrieved 2020-03-22. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[5] . 2005-05-02 https://web.archive.org/web/20050502135421/http://www.oca.org/Images/HolySynod/portraits/met.theo.jpg. Archived from the original on 2005-05-02. Retrieved 2020-03-22. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[6] Library of Congress https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/reflections/images/ref0026s.jpg. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[7] ttps://www.absolutviajes.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/IMG_017637.jpg. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[8] "big5.jpg (358x450 pixels)". archive.is. 2013-04-14. Archived from the original on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2020-03-22.

[9] ttp://i265.photobucket.com/albums/ii232/TERESA7_album/STEPHANOS-COPT.jpg. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[10] "√ Joker123 Login | Joker123 Slot | Joker388 Online". 2004-04-15. Archived from the original on 2004-04-15. Retrieved 2020-03-22.

[11] . 2007-01-28 https://web.archive.org/web/20070128145658/http://danielmitsui.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/slipyj2.jpg. Archived from the original on 2007-01-28. Retrieved 2020-03-22. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[12] "Bishop Basil Losten in the purple headdress". www.brama.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2020-03-22.

[note 1]

[note 2]

[note 3]

[photo 1]

[photo 2]

[photo 3]

[photo 4]

[photo 5]

[photo 6]

[photo 7]

[photo 8]

[photo 9]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Russian monastic clothing}}
-{{otheruses}}
+{{other uses}}
+{{distinguish|text = kłobuk, the benevolent equivalent of a [[poroniec]]}}
 [[Image:Feofan.jpg|thumb|St. [[Theophan the Recluse]] wearing a klobuk.]]
-[[Image:Metropolitan_Judson_White_Klobuk.jpg|thumb|[[Judson Procyk]], an [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic]] [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]], wearing a white klobuk.]]
+[[Image:Kyr-Jonas presovsky-arcibiskup-a-metropolita-1.jpg|thumb|A [[Byzantine Rite|Byzantine]] [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Catholic]] [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] wearing a white klobuk]]
 [[image:Filaret's klobuk (1619-33, Kremlin museum) by shakko 02.jpg|thumb|Klobuk of [[Patriarch Philaret of Moscow]] (1619-33), Kremlin museum]]
-A '''klobuk''' is an item of [[monastic clothing]] worn by [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic]] [[Monk#Eastern Christianity|monastic]]s and [[bishop]]s, especially in the Russian tradition.  It is composed of a [[kamilavka]] (stiffened black headcovering, round and flat on the top) with an [[epanokamelavkion]] which completely covers the kamilavka and hangs down over the shoulders and back.
+A '''klobuk''' is an item of [[Clerical clothing#Eastern Christianity|monastic clothing]] worn by monks and, in the Russian tradition, also by nuns, in the [[Byzantine Rite]], composed of a [[kamilavka]] (stiffened round black headcovering) with an [[epanokamelavkion]], a veil which completely covers the kamilavka and hangs down over the shoulders and back.
 ==Overview==
-In the [[Mount Athos|Athonite]] tradition, the epanokamelavkion is simply laid over the kamilavka and allowed to hang freely,<ref>The Athonite [[Typicon]] calls for the veil to be removed at certain points during the services.</ref> but in other traditions it is permanently attached.<ref>A deacon's epanokamelavkion is normally removable because he serves wearing only the kamilavka when he vests.</ref>
+In the Greek tradition, the epanokamelavkion is simply laid over the kamilavka and allowed to hang freely,<ref group="note">The Athonite [[Typicon]] calls for the veil to be removed at certain points during the services.</ref><ref group="note">A deacon's epanokamelavkion is normally removable because he serves wearing only the kamilavka when he vests.</ref> but in the Russian tradition they are permanently attached.
-The klobuk is the headgear most often worn in church by professed monastics. During the services, there are specified times when monks are to remove the klobuk and lay it on their left shoulder to denote reverence for the sacred (for instance, when the Priest brings the Chalice out through the [[Iconostasis|Holy Doors]] for the distribution of Holy Communion during the [[Divine Liturgy]]). Nuns do not normally remove the klobuk at any time during services.<ref> Even when nuns are to be anointed on the forehead, they do not remove the klobuk, only pushing it back on their heads enough for the priest or bishop to anoint them.</ref>
+Tonsured monastics always wear a klobuk in church and the refectory and whenever else formally dressed. During the services, there are specified times when monks are to remove the klobuk and lay it on their left shoulder to denote reverence for the sacred , e.g., when the deacon brings the chalice out through the [[Iconostasis|holy doors]] for Holy Communion. Nuns do not normally remove the klobuk at any time during services.<ref group="note">Even when nuns are to be anointed on the forehead, they do not remove the klobuk, only pushing it back on their heads enough for the priest or bishop to anoint them.</ref>
-The klobuk is often worn by bishops also. Diocesan bishops wear the simple monastic klobuk. Slavic [[Archbishop]]s and Metropolitans usually wear a small jewelled [[Christian cross|cross]] on the front of their klobuk as a mark of their rank.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ocaphoto.oca.org/filetmp/2005/May/1001/Detail/DSC_0002.jpg|date=2006-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060222073606/http://ocaphoto.oca.org/filetmp/2005/May/1001/Detail/DSC_0002.jpg|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2006-02-22}}</ref> [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitans]] wear a klobuk that is white rather than black.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oca.org/Images/HolySynod/portraits/met.theo.jpg|date=2005-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050502135421/http://www.oca.org/Images/HolySynod/portraits/met.theo.jpg|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2005-05-02}}</ref>
+In the Russian tradition [[Archbishop]]s and Metropolitans usually wear a small jewelled [[Christian cross|cross]] on the front of their klobuk as a mark of their rank.<ref group=photo>{{Cite web|url=http://ocaphoto.oca.org/filetmp/2005/May/1001/Detail/DSC_0002.jpg|date=2006-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060222073606/http://ocaphoto.oca.org/filetmp/2005/May/1001/Detail/DSC_0002.jpg|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2006-02-22}}</ref> [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitans]] wear a klobuk that is white rather than black.<ref group=photo>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oca.org/Images/HolySynod/portraits/met.theo.jpg|date=2005-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050502135421/http://www.oca.org/Images/HolySynod/portraits/met.theo.jpg|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2005-05-02}}</ref>
+The patriarchs of [[Patriarch of Romania|Romania]] and [[Serbian Orthodox Church|Serbia]] also wear a white klobuk.
-The [[Patriarch of Romania]] wears a white klobuk as well as a white [[Cassock#Eastern practice (Orthodox and Eastern-rite Catholic)|rason]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/romanian/news/story/2006/07/060728_preoti_colaboratori.shtml|title=Preoţi colaboratori ai fostei securităţi|website=bbc.co.uk|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref>
-The [[Patriarch of Moscow]] wears the [[koukoulion]], a white headress similar to the klobuk that is rounded on top, decorated with [[Embroidery|embroidered]] images of [[seraphim]], and surmounted with a cross.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/reflections/images/ref0026s.jpg}}</ref>
+The patriarchs of [[Patriarch of Moscow|Moscow]] and [[Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia|Georgia]] wear an archaic form of klobuk that is rounded on top, and the former's is white, [[embroidered]], and surmounted with a cross.<ref group=photo>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/reflections/images/ref0026s.jpg|website=[[Library of Congress]] }}</ref>
-Patriarchs and bishops of the [[Coptic Catholic]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.absolutviajes.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/IMG_017637.jpg}}</ref> and [[Armenian Catholic]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.today/gEIc5|title=big5.jpg (358x450 pixels)|date=2013-04-14|website=archive.is|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref> churches wear klobuks as well, although it is not a headgear worn by their [[Oriental Orthodox]] counterparts. Red klobuks have been worn by a Coptic Catholic patriarch,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://i265.photobucket.com/albums/ii232/TERESA7_album/STEPHANOS-COPT.jpg}}</ref> an Armenian Catholic [[catholicos]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.havelshouseofhistory.com/aghagianian%202.jpg|date=2004-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040415204857/http://www.havelshouseofhistory.com/aghagianian%202.jpg|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2004-04-15}}</ref> and a [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Catholic]] [[major archbishop]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://danielmitsui.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/slipyj2.jpg|date=2007-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128145658/http://danielmitsui.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/slipyj2.jpg|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2007-01-28}}</ref> after being elevated to the [[cardinalate]]. A purple klobuk has been used by a Ukrainian Catholic bishop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brama.com/news/press/030608holyspirit/thumbs/030608cemetery30_400300-1-0.html|title=Bishop Basil Losten in the purple headdress|website=www.brama.com|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref>
+Patriarchs and bishops of the [[Coptic Catholic]]<ref group=photo>{{Cite web|url=https://www.absolutviajes.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/IMG_017637.jpg}}</ref> and [[Armenian Catholic]]<ref group="photo">{{Cite web|url=http://armeniancatholic.org/images/en/2/1/1//big5.jpg|title=big5.jpg (358x450 pixels)|date=2013-04-14|website=archive.is|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2013-04-14|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414053422/http://armeniancatholic.org/images/en/2/1/1//big5.jpg|url-status=live}}</ref> churches wear klobuks as well, although it is not a headgear worn by their [[Oriental Orthodox]] counterparts. Red klobuks have been worn by a Coptic Catholic patriarch,<ref group=photo>{{Cite web|url=http://i265.photobucket.com/albums/ii232/TERESA7_album/STEPHANOS-COPT.jpg}}</ref> an Armenian Catholic [[catholicos]],<ref group="photo">{{Cite web |date=2004-04-15 |title=√ Joker123 Login &#124; Joker123 Slot &#124; Joker388 Online |url=http://www.havelshouseohistory.com |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040415204857/http://www.havelshouseofhistory.com/aghagianian%202.jpg |archive-date=2004-04-15 |access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref> and a [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Catholic]] [[major archbishop]]<ref group=photo>{{Cite web|url=http://danielmitsui.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/slipyj2.jpg|date=2007-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128145658/http://danielmitsui.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/slipyj2.jpg|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2007-01-28}}</ref> after being elevated to the [[cardinalate]]. A purple klobuk has been used by a Ukrainian Catholic bishop.<ref group="photo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.brama.com/news/press/030608holyspirit/thumbs/030608cemetery30_400300-1-0.html|title=Bishop Basil Losten in the purple headdress|website=www.brama.com|access-date=2020-03-22|archive-date=2015-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194227/http://www.brama.com/news/press/030608holyspirit/thumbs/030608cemetery30_400300-1-0.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 == See also ==
@@ Line 25: / Line 27: @@
 *[[Apostolnik]]
-==Notes==
+==Footnotes==
+{{Reflist|group=note}}
-<references />
 ==References==
+<references />
+==Sources==
 *{{cite book | last=Philippi | first=Dieter | title=Sammlung Philippi - Kopfbedeckungen in Glaube, Religion und Spiritualität | year=2009 | publisher=St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig | isbn=978-3-7462-2800-6}}
-==External links==
+==External photos==
 {{Commons category}}
+{{Reflist|group=photo}}
 *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070523103459/http://www.valaam.ru/en/photos/lightval/531/ Russian monk wearking klobuk (side view).]
 *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060727124833/http://www.orthodoxphotos.com/cgi-bin/photo.pl?path=Holy_Fathers%2FRussian_Martyrs&file=26.jpg Metropolitan (St. Joseph of Petrograd) in white klobuk.]
 {{Hats}}
 [[Category:Hats]]
 [[Category:Headgear]]