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{{short description|Type of tea}}
{{short description|Type of tea}}
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[[File:Mug of English breakfast tea.jpg|thumb|A mug of English breakfast tea, served with milk]]
[[File:English breakfast tea tin.jpg|thumbnail|English breakfast tea tin]]
[[File:English breakfast tea tin.jpg|thumbnail|English breakfast tea tin]]
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[[File:English breakfast tea, Marrickville, Sydney.jpg|thumb|English breakfast tea, Marrickville, Sydney]]


'''English breakfast tea''' or simply '''breakfast tea''' is a traditional blend of [[black tea]]s originating from [[Assam tea|Assam]], [[Ceylon tea|Ceylon]] and [[Kenyan tea|Kenya]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Tea Lover's Companion: A Guide to Teas Throughout the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niRF0CN8qVkC|publisher=The National Trust|author=Jane Pettigrew and Bruce Richardson|location=London, U.K.|page=54|isbn = 9781905400300|date = February 2006}}</ref> It is one of the most popular blended teas, common in indigenous [[British tea culture|British]] and [[Tea_culture#Ireland|Irish tea culture]], which developed among native populations since their exposure to Asian [[Tea culture]].
'''English breakfast tea''' or simply '''breakfast tea''' is a traditional blend of [[black tea]]s originating from [[Assam tea|Assam]], [[Ceylon tea|Ceylon]] and [[Kenyan tea|Kenya]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Tea Lover's Companion: A Guide to Teas Throughout the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niRF0CN8qVkC|publisher=The National Trust|author=Jane Pettigrew and Bruce Richardson|location=London, UK|page=54|isbn = 9781905400300|date = February 2006}}</ref> It is one of the most popular blended teas, common in indigenous [[British tea culture|British]] and [[Tea_culture#Ireland|Irish tea culture]], which developed among native populations since their exposure to Asian [[tea culture]].


English breakfast tea is a [[black tea]] blend usually described as full-bodied, robust, rich and blended to go well with [[milk]] and [[sugar]], in a style traditionally associated with a hearty [[Full breakfast#England|English breakfast]].
English breakfast tea is a [[black tea]] blend usually described as full-bodied, robust, rich and blended to go well with [[milk]] and [[sugar]], in a style traditionally associated with a hearty [[Full breakfast#England|full English breakfast]].


The black teas included in the blend vary, with Assam, Ceylon and Kenyan teas predominating, and [[Keemun tea|Keemun]] sometimes included in more expensive blends.
The black teas included in the blend vary, with Assam, Ceylon and Kenyan teas predominating, and [[Keemun tea|Keemun]] sometimes included in more expensive blends.
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== Origins and history ==
== Origins and history ==
[[File:1 ounce of English breakfast tea 2013-04-05 13-25.jpg|thumbnail|{{convert|1|oz|spell=In|||}} of English breakfast tea]]
[[File:1 ounce of English breakfast tea 2013-04-05 13-25.jpg|thumbnail|{{convert|1|oz|spell=In|||}} of English breakfast tea]]
Accounts of its origins vary. Drinking a blend of black teas for breakfast is a longstanding British and Irish custom. The term ''breakfast tea'' has been applied by vendors since at least the late 18th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001057/17860724/005/0003|title=|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000540/18380321/020/0001|title=|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref>
Accounts of its origins vary. Drinking a blend of black teas for breakfast is a longstanding British and Irish custom. The term ''breakfast tea'' has been applied by vendors since at least the late 18th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001057/17860724/005/0003|title=|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000540/18380321/020/0001|title=|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref>


The current naming practice is claimed to have originated not in England but [[America]], as far back as Colonial times.<ref>{{cite web|author=ZoeAnn Holmes |url=http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/englishbreakfasttea.html |title=English breakfast tea – Food Resource – Oregon State University |publisher=food.oregonstate.edu |access-date=2013-03-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104015739/http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/englishbreakfasttea.html |archive-date=2013-11-04 }}</ref> An additional account (referencing a period-era [[Journal of Commerce]] article) dates the blend to 1843 and a tea merchant named Richard Davies in [[New York City]]. Davies, an [[English American|English immigrant]], started with a base of [[Congou]] and added a bit of [[Pekoe]] and [[Pouchong]]. It sold for 50 cents per pound ({{convert|1|lb|disp=out}}) (equivalent to ${{inflation|US|.5|1843|r=2|fmt=c}} per pound in {{inflation/year|US}}), and its success led to imitators, helping to popularize the name.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.logoi.com/notes/english_breakfast_tea.html |title=History of the English Breakfast Tea |publisher=Logoi.com |access-date=2009-03-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110033413/http://www.logoi.com/notes/english_breakfast_tea.html |archive-date=2009-01-10 }}</ref> An investigation to find the original Journal of Commerce article failed to locate it but did come upon an earlier reference to the same story in an 1876 edition of the [[Daily Alta California]], citing "a New York commercial journal" and dating the tea's origin to 1844.<ref name="dominiontea.com">{{cite web|url=http://blog.dominiontea.com/2015/03/12/english-breakfast-tea/|title=English Breakfast Tea – Evolving Blend or Invented in NYC?|date=12 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DAC18760205.2.38#/|title=Daily Alta California 5 February 1876 — California Digital Newspaper Collection}}</ref> In an 1884 American publication it was noted that "[[Bohea tea]]s (are) known to trade in this country as "English Breakfast" tea, from its forming the staple shipment to England".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023998184#page/n113/mode/2up|title="A cup of tea", containing a history of the tea plant from its discovery to the present time, including its botanical characteristics ... and embracing Mr. William Saunders' pamphlet on "Tea-culture – a probable American industry"|publisher=Philadelphia : Author|year=1884}}</ref><ref name="dominiontea.com"/>
The current naming practice is claimed to have originated not in England but [[America]], as far back as Colonial times.<ref>{{cite web|author=ZoeAnn Holmes |url=http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/englishbreakfasttea.html |title=English breakfast tea – Food Resource – Oregon State University |publisher=food.oregonstate.edu |access-date=2013-03-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104015739/http://food.oregonstate.edu/glossary/englishbreakfasttea.html |archive-date=2013-11-04 }}</ref> An additional account (referencing a period-era [[Journal of Commerce]] article) dates the blend to 1843 and a tea merchant named Richard Davies in [[New York City]]. Davies, an [[English American|English immigrant]], started with a base of [[Congou]] and added a bit of [[Pekoe]] and [[Pouchong]]. It sold for 50 cents per pound ({{convert|1|lb|disp=out}}) (equivalent to ${{inflation|US|.5|1843|r=2|fmt=c}} per pound in {{inflation/year|US}}), and its success led to imitators, helping to popularize the name.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.logoi.com/notes/english_breakfast_tea.html |title=History of the English Breakfast Tea |publisher=Logoi.com |access-date=2009-03-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110033413/http://www.logoi.com/notes/english_breakfast_tea.html |archive-date=2009-01-10 }}</ref> An investigation to find the original Journal of Commerce article failed to locate it but did come upon an earlier reference to the same story in an 1876 edition of the [[Daily Alta California]], citing "a New York commercial journal" and dating the tea's origin to 1844.<ref name="dominiontea.com">{{cite web|url=http://blog.dominiontea.com/2015/03/12/english-breakfast-tea/|title=English Breakfast Tea – Evolving Blend or Invented in NYC?|date=12 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DAC18760205.2.38#/|title=Daily Alta California 5 February 1876 — California Digital Newspaper Collection}}</ref> In an 1884 American publication it was noted that "[[Bohea tea]]s (are) known to trade in this country as 'English Breakfast' tea, from its forming the staple shipment to England".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023998184#page/n113/mode/2up|title='A cup of tea', containing a history of the tea plant from its discovery to the present time, including its botanical characteristics ... and embracing Mr. William Saunders' pamphlet on 'Tea-culture – a probable American industry'|publisher=Philadelphia : Author|year=1884}}</ref><ref name="dominiontea.com"/>


In the UK, the popularisation of breakfast tea has been attributed in part to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PcHUAAAAQBAJ&q=%22queen+victoria%22+%22breakfast+tea%22&pg=PT417|title=The English Breakfast: The Biography of a National Meal, with Recipes|first=Kaori|last=O'Connor|date=September 26, 2013|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=9780857854919|via=Google Books}}</ref> At [[Balmoral Castle|Balmoral]] in 1892 she tasted and enjoyed a blend so-named and returned to London with a supply. Despite this particular tea's [[Scotland|Scottish]] origin, the generic blend subsequently acquired the prefix "English".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marahtea.com:80/english-breakfast.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718150943/http://www.marahtea.com:80/english-breakfast.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-07-18 |title=English Breakfast |publisher=Marahtea.com |access-date=2016-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://yorkshiretea.co.uk/blog/2013/02/a-history-of-breakfast/ |title=A history of breakfast |publisher=Yorkshire Tea |date=2013-02-14 |access-date=2016-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mrbreakfast.com/ask.asp?askid=22 |title=What is English Breakfast Tea? What does it have to do with breakfast? |publisher=MrBreakfast.com |access-date=2016-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brodies1867.co.uk/about/history |title=A brief history of Brodie, Melrose, Drysdale & Co Ltd |publisher=Brodies1867.co.uk |date= 2015-01-11|access-date=2016-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brodies1867.co.uk/shop/tea/breakfast-tea|title=Breakfast Tea|last=editor|date=20 January 2015|website=www.brodies1867.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1GuPDwAAQBAJ&q=%22queen+victoria%22+%22breakfast+tea%22&pg=PA39|title=LIFT!: Going up if teaching gets you down|first=David|last=Gumbrell|date=April 3, 2019|publisher=Critical Publishing|isbn=9781912508518|via=Google Books}}</ref>
In the UK, the popularisation of breakfast tea has been attributed in part to [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PcHUAAAAQBAJ&q=%22queen+victoria%22+%22breakfast+tea%22&pg=PT417|title=The English Breakfast: The Biography of a National Meal, with Recipes|first=Kaori|last=O'Connor|date=September 26, 2013|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=9780857854919|via=Google Books}}</ref> At her Scottish residence [[Balmoral Castle|Balmoral]] in 1892 she tasted and enjoyed a blend so named, and returned to London with a supply. Despite its Scottish origin, the generic blend subsequently acquired the prefix "English".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marahtea.com:80/english-breakfast.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718150943/http://www.marahtea.com:80/english-breakfast.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-07-18 |title=English Breakfast |publisher=Marahtea.com |access-date=2016-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://yorkshiretea.co.uk/blog/2013/02/a-history-of-breakfast/ |title=A history of breakfast |publisher=Yorkshire Tea |date=2013-02-14 |access-date=2016-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mrbreakfast.com/ask.asp?askid=22 |title=What is English Breakfast Tea? What does it have to do with breakfast? |publisher=MrBreakfast.com |access-date=2016-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brodies1867.co.uk/about/history |title=A brief history of Brodie, Melrose, Drysdale & Co Ltd |publisher=Brodies1867.co.uk |date= 2015-01-11 |access-date=2016-03-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.brodies1867.co.uk/shop/tea/breakfast-tea|title=Breakfast Tea |date=20 January 2015 |website=www.brodies1867.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1GuPDwAAQBAJ&q=%22queen+victoria%22+%22breakfast+tea%22&pg=PA39|title=LIFT!: Going up if teaching gets you down|first=David|last=Gumbrell|date=April 3, 2019|publisher=Critical Publishing|isbn=9781912508518|via=Google Books}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
{{portal|United Kingdom}}
* [[English afternoon tea]]
* [[English afternoon tea]]
* [[Irish breakfast tea]]
* [[Irish breakfast tea]]
* [[Full breakfast]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Scottish drinks]]
[[Category:Scottish drinks]]
[[Category:Tea in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Tea in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Breakfast]]

Latest revision as of 09:29, 5 December 2024

A mug of English breakfast tea, served with milk
English breakfast tea tin

English breakfast tea or simply breakfast tea is a traditional blend of black teas originating from Assam, Ceylon and Kenya.[1] It is one of the most popular blended teas, common in indigenous British and Irish tea culture, which developed among native populations since their exposure to Asian tea culture.

English breakfast tea is a black tea blend usually described as full-bodied, robust, rich and blended to go well with milk and sugar, in a style traditionally associated with a hearty full English breakfast.

The black teas included in the blend vary, with Assam, Ceylon and Kenyan teas predominating, and Keemun sometimes included in more expensive blends.

Origins and history

[edit]
One ounce (28 g) of English breakfast tea

Accounts of its origins vary. Drinking a blend of black teas for breakfast is a longstanding British and Irish custom. The term breakfast tea has been applied by vendors since at least the late 18th century.[2][3]

The current naming practice is claimed to have originated not in England but America, as far back as Colonial times.[4] An additional account (referencing a period-era Journal of Commerce article) dates the blend to 1843 and a tea merchant named Richard Davies in New York City. Davies, an English immigrant, started with a base of Congou and added a bit of Pekoe and Pouchong. It sold for 50 cents per pound (0.45 kg) (equivalent to $16.35 per pound in 2023), and its success led to imitators, helping to popularize the name.[5] An investigation to find the original Journal of Commerce article failed to locate it but did come upon an earlier reference to the same story in an 1876 edition of the Daily Alta California, citing "a New York commercial journal" and dating the tea's origin to 1844.[6][7] In an 1884 American publication it was noted that "Bohea teas (are) known to trade in this country as 'English Breakfast' tea, from its forming the staple shipment to England".[8][6]

In the UK, the popularisation of breakfast tea has been attributed in part to Queen Victoria.[9] At her Scottish residence Balmoral in 1892 she tasted and enjoyed a blend so named, and returned to London with a supply. Despite its Scottish origin, the generic blend subsequently acquired the prefix "English".[10][11][12][13][14][15]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jane Pettigrew and Bruce Richardson (February 2006). The Tea Lover's Companion: A Guide to Teas Throughout the World. London, UK: The National Trust. p. 54. ISBN 9781905400300.
  2. ^ https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001057/17860724/005/0003 – via British Newspaper Archive. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ^ https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000540/18380321/020/0001 – via British Newspaper Archive. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ^ ZoeAnn Holmes. "English breakfast tea – Food Resource – Oregon State University". food.oregonstate.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-11-04. Retrieved 2013-03-26.
  5. ^ "History of the English Breakfast Tea". Logoi.com. Archived from the original on 2009-01-10. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
  6. ^ a b "English Breakfast Tea – Evolving Blend or Invented in NYC?". 12 March 2015.
  7. ^ "Daily Alta California 5 February 1876 — California Digital Newspaper Collection".
  8. ^ "'A cup of tea', containing a history of the tea plant from its discovery to the present time, including its botanical characteristics ... and embracing Mr. William Saunders' pamphlet on 'Tea-culture – a probable American industry'". Philadelphia : Author. 1884.
  9. ^ O'Connor, Kaori (September 26, 2013). The English Breakfast: The Biography of a National Meal, with Recipes. A&C Black. ISBN 9780857854919 – via Google Books.
  10. ^ "English Breakfast". Marahtea.com. Archived from the original on 2013-07-18. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
  11. ^ "A history of breakfast". Yorkshire Tea. 2013-02-14. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
  12. ^ "What is English Breakfast Tea? What does it have to do with breakfast?". MrBreakfast.com. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
  13. ^ "A brief history of Brodie, Melrose, Drysdale & Co Ltd". Brodies1867.co.uk. 2015-01-11. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
  14. ^ "Breakfast Tea". www.brodies1867.co.uk. 20 January 2015.
  15. ^ Gumbrell, David (April 3, 2019). LIFT!: Going up if teaching gets you down. Critical Publishing. ISBN 9781912508518 – via Google Books.
[edit]
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