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Coordinates: 33°50′N 35°32′E / 33.833°N 35.533°E / 33.833; 35.533
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{{Short description|Governorate of Lebanon}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement<!--
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions
-->
| name = Mount Lebanon Governorate
| name = Mount Lebanon Governorate
| native_name = محافظة جبل لبنان<br>Gouvernorat du Mont-Liban
| native_name = {{langx|ar|محافظة جبل لبنان}}
| native_name_lang = ar
| native_name_lang =
| image_map = Mount Lebanon in Lebanon.svg
| image_map = Mount Lebanon in Lebanon 2020.svg
| map_caption = Map of Lebanon with Mount Lebanon highlighted
| map_caption = The governorates of Lebanon, including Mount Lebanon (in pink, labelled 6)
| coordinates = {{coord|33|50|N|35|32|E|type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|33|50|N|35|32|E|type:adm1st_region:LB-JL|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| first_language = [[French]] second [[Arabic]]
| subdivision_type =
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|Lebanon}}
⚫
| seat_type = Capital
Country
| subdivision_name = [[Lebanon]]
| seat = [[Baabda]]
⚫
| government_footnotes =
⚫
| seat_type = Capital
| seat = [[Baabda]]
| leader_party =
⚫
| leader_title = Governor
⚫
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_name = Charbel Tabet
| area_footnotes = <ref name=statoids>{{cite web |last=Law |first=Gwillim |url=http://www.statoids.com/ulb.html |title=Lebanon Provinces |website=Statoids |accessdate=17 April 2021}}</ref>
⚫
| leader_title = Governor
| leader_name = Mohammed Al-Makkawi
| area_total_km2 = 1238
| population_footnotes = <ref name=citypop>{{cite web |last=Brinkhoff |first=Thomas |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/lebanon/admin/ |title=Lebanon: Administrative Division |website=City Population |date=2 March 2019 |accessdate=17 April 2021}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_total_km2 = 1958
| population_est = 1520016
| pop_est_as_of = 31 December 2017
| population_footnotes =
⚫
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_total =1800000
| population_as_of = 2015
| iso_code = LB-JL
⚫
| timezone1 = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
⚫
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset1 = +2
| utc_offset1 = +2
| timezone1_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +3
⚫
| timezone1_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST = +3
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
}}
}}


'''Mount Lebanon Governorate''' ({{lang-ar|محافظة جبل لبنان}}) is one of the eight governorates of [[Lebanon]]. Its capital is [[Baabda]]. The majority of the population is [[Druze in Lebanon|Druze]] and [[Christians|Christian]] (chiefly [[Maronite Christianity in Lebanon|Maronite]], [[Orthodox Christianity in Lebanon|Greek Orthodox]], and [[Melkite Christianity in Lebanon|Melkite]]), with a smaller minority of [[Islam in Lebanon|Muslims of various sects]].
'''Mount Lebanon Governorate''' ({{langx|ar|محافظة جبل لبنان}}) is one of the nine [[Governorates of Lebanon|governorates]] of [[Lebanon]], of which it is the most populous. Its capital is [[Baabda]]. Other notable towns and cities include [[Aley]], [[Bikfaya]], and [[Beit Mery]].


This governorate is named after the mountainous region of [[Mount Lebanon]] and, except for the small [[Beirut Governorate]], spans the area along the Mediterranean coast between Lebanon's [[North Governorate]] and [[South Governorate]].
This governorate is named after the mountainous region of [[Mount Lebanon]] and, except for the small [[Beirut Governorate]] which it surrounds, spans the stretch of the Mediterranean coast between [[Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate]] and [[South Governorate]].

== Geography ==
The Governorate of Mount Lebanon (except the area around Beirut) extends along the coast of the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. It borders the Northern Governorate in the northern part and the Southern Governorate in the southern part. On the eastern side, it borders the governorates of Bekaa and Baalbek-Hermel.

The governorate's [[altitude]] ranges from zero to 3,000 meters above sea level. It has diverse geographical features, including urban areas, mixed rural areas and natural areas. It is crossed by 5 rivers (Nahr El Kalb, Nahr Beirut, Damour, Awali [[River]] and Nahr Ibrahim) and includes the Shabrouh [[Dam]] with a capacity of 8 million [[Cubic metre|cubic meters]] of water.


==Districts==
==Districts==
[[File:Mount Lebanon 2017-08.png|thumb|Districts of the Mount Lebanon Governorate]]
⚫
The governorate is divided into six [[districts]] (''{{transl|ar|aqḍiyah}}'', singular ''[[Kaza|qaḍāʼ]]''):

⚫
The governorate is divided into four [[districts]] (''{{transl|ar|aqḍiyah}}'', singular ''[[Kaza|qaḍāʼ]]''):

{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! District !! Arabic name !! Capital
! District !! Arabic name !! Capital
Line 45: Line 53:
|-
|-
| [[Chouf District|Chouf]] || {{lang|ar|قضاء الشوف}} || [[Beiteddine]]
| [[Chouf District|Chouf]] || {{lang|ar|قضاء الشوف}} || [[Beiteddine]]
|-
| [[Byblos District|Byblos]] || {{lang|ar|قضاء جبيل}} || [[Byblos]]
|-
| [[Keserwan District|Keserwan]] || {{lang|ar|قضاء كسروان}} || [[Jounieh]]
|-
|-
| [[Matn District|Matn]] || {{lang|ar|قضاء المتن}} || [[Jdeideh]]
| [[Matn District|Matn]] || {{lang|ar|قضاء المتن}} || [[Jdeideh]]
|}
|}


The districts of [[Jbeil District|Jbeil]] and [[Keserwan District|Keserwan]] were part of Mount Lebanon Governorate until 7 September 2017, when they were separated to form Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.libandata.org/fr/cartes/le-decoupage-administratif-du-liban-en-2017 |title=Le découpage administratif du Liban en 2017 |language=fr |publisher=Localiban |accessdate=17 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legallaw.ul.edu.lb/Law.aspx?lawId=273715 |title=إنشاء محافظة جديدة في جبل لبنان باسم "كسروان الفتوح وجبيل" |language=ar |date=7 September 2017 |publisher=Legal Informatics Center, [[Lebanese University]] |accessdate=17 April 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Byblos-109933.jpg|thumb|Ruins of port in [[Byblos]]]]


==Religion==
==Demographics==
Mount Lebanon has a [[Christianity in Lebanon|Christian]] majority<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dividing Up The Middle East - The Creation of Lebanon |url=https://realtimehistory.net/blogs/news/dividing-up-the-middle-east-the-creation-of-lebanon |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=RTH - Real Time History GmbH |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of Lebanon |url=https://fanack.com/lebanon/population-of-lebanon/ |access-date=2022-08-14 |website=Fanack.com |language=en-US}}</ref> with the presence of other religious groups such as [[Druze in Lebanon|Druze]] and [[Islam in Lebanon|Muslims]]. [[Maronites]] live in the Metn and Baabda districts (other Christian denominations such as [[Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians|Greek Orthodox]], [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Orthodox]], and [[Lebanese Melkite Christians|Greek Catholics]] make up the rest of the population alongside Muslims). The [[Lebanese Druze|Druze]] are the majority in the [[Aley district]] and a plurality in the Chouf district (nearly equal in numbers with [[Lebanese Sunni Muslims|Sunni Muslims]] and Christians).<ref>{{cite book |title=Lebanon in Strife: Student Preludes to the Civil War |last=Barakat |first=Halim |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-292-73981-9 |quote=the Druzes make up almost half the district, of Aley, one third of Rashaya, and more than a quarter of Shuf and Matn... |publisher=University of Texas Press}}</ref> [[Lebanese Shia Muslims|Shia]] minorities live in the Coast areas of [[Baabda District]] like [[Borj Al Barajneh]], [[Haret Hreik]], [[Ghobeiry]] and [[Chiyah]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-10 |title=Mapping Lebanon: Data and statistics |url=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1297803/data-and-statistics.html |access-date=2022-07-08 |website=L'Orient-Le Jour}}</ref>


There are no accurate statistics, but according to the number of registered voters in 2005, the percentage of Christians is 65.8%, followed by Druze with 15.43%, then Sunnis with 8.23%, followed by Shiites with 7.76%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-16 |title=The mountain electoral battle sums up Lebanese politics |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/home/print/6c87b8ad-70ec-47d5-b7c4-3aa56fb899e2/8f1e3a99-4541-4bf2-b3c3-fb0847a7140b|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref>
{{Pie chart
|thumb = middle
|caption = Religion in the Governorate of Mount Lebanon (2020)
|label1 = [[Christianity]]
|value1 = 85
|color1 = DodgerBlue
|label2 = [[Druze]]
|value2 = 10
|color2 = yellow
|label3 = [[Sunni]]
|value3 = 2.5
|color3 = DarkGreen
|label4 = [[Shia]]
|value4 = 2.5
|color4 = SeaGreen
}}


The [[Christianity and Druze|Christian and Druze communities]] have a long history of interaction dating back roughly a millennium, particularly in [[Mount Lebanon]].<ref name="Mackey 2009 62">{{cite book|title=Lebanon: A House Divided|last=Mackey|first=Sandra|year=2006|isbn=9780393352764|page=62|publisher=W. W. Norton}}</ref> Over the centuries, they have peacefully interacted and lived together, sharing common social and [[cultural landscape]]s, although occasional exceptions have occurred. This interaction been marked by shared economic activities, cultural exchange, and even political alliances in some cases.<ref>{{cite book |title=Lebanon in History: From the Earliest Times to the Present|last=Hitti|first=Philip|year=2010|isbn=9789004129382|page=408-410|publisher=University of Michigan Press}}</ref> The two communities lived among each other and interacted socially on an everyday basis. The close bonds between Christian and Druze neighbors led to Christian communities thriving in some Druze towns.<ref>{{cite book |title=Lebanon in History: From the Earliest Times to the Present|last=Hitti|first=Philip|year=2010|isbn=9789004129382|page=408-410|publisher=University of Michigan Press}}</ref>
Maronite Christians form the majority of the Kesrwan and Byblos districts, and a plurality in the Metn and Baabda districts (other Christian denominations such as Greek orthodox, Armenian orthodox, and Greek Catholics, make up the rest of the population alongside Muslim minorities). The Druze are the majority in the Aley district and a plurality in the Chouf district (nearly equal in numbers with Sunni Muslims and Christians). Shia minorities exist in Baabda and Byblos districts, making up 25% and 20% of those regions, respectively.


==See also==
== Economy ==
The [[economy]] of Mount Lebanon Governorate depended mainly on industrial activities.{{when|date=October 2024}}cn The Governorate includes the highest percentage of industrial establishments in Lebanon (about 58% of the total Lebanese industrial establishments). Most of these establishments work in the food industries sector (17.93%), thus representing 34% of the total number of companies engaged in food industries. This sector is followed by paper and printing companies, which constitute 13.15% of the industrial establishments in Mount Lebanon. There are more than 12 industrial zones in Mount Lebanon, near the port of Beirut.{{cn|date=October 2024}}
⚫
{{Portal|Lebanon}}

*[[Mount Lebanon]]
The Governorate of Mount Lebanon includes five tourist sites out of the nine most attractive sites for tourists. It also includes 260 hotels, which is the highest percentage among the governorates, with the exception of Beirut.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

== See also ==
⚫
* {{Portal inline|Lebanon}}


==References==
==References==
Line 84: Line 78:


{{Governorates of Lebanon}}
{{Governorates of Lebanon}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Mount Lebanon Governorate| ]]
[[Category:Mount Lebanon Governorate| ]]
[[Category:Governorates of Lebanon]]
[[Category:Governorates of Lebanon]]



{{Lebanon-geo-stub}}
{{Lebanon-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 11:51, 5 December 2024

Mount Lebanon Governorate
Arabic: محافظة جبل لبنان
The governorates of Lebanon, including Mount Lebanon (in pink, labelled 6)
The governorates of Lebanon, including Mount Lebanon (in pink, labelled 6)
Coordinates: 33°50′N 35°32′E / 33.833°N 35.533°E / 33.833; 35.533
Country Lebanon
CapitalBaabda
Government
 • GovernorCharbel Tabet
Area
[1]
 • Total
1,238 km2 (478 sq mi)
Population
[2]
 • Estimate 
(31 December 2017)
1,520,016
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
ISO 3166 codeLB-JL

Mount Lebanon Governorate (Arabic: محافظة جبل لبنان) is one of the nine governorates of Lebanon, of which it is the most populous. Its capital is Baabda. Other notable towns and cities include Aley, Bikfaya, and Beit Mery.

This governorate is named after the mountainous region of Mount Lebanon and, except for the small Beirut Governorate which it surrounds, spans the stretch of the Mediterranean coast between Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate and South Governorate.

Geography

[edit]

The Governorate of Mount Lebanon (except the area around Beirut) extends along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders the Northern Governorate in the northern part and the Southern Governorate in the southern part. On the eastern side, it borders the governorates of Bekaa and Baalbek-Hermel.

The governorate's altitude ranges from zero to 3,000 meters above sea level. It has diverse geographical features, including urban areas, mixed rural areas and natural areas. It is crossed by 5 rivers (Nahr El Kalb, Nahr Beirut, Damour, Awali River and Nahr Ibrahim) and includes the Shabrouh Dam with a capacity of 8 million cubic meters of water.

Districts

[edit]
Districts of the Mount Lebanon Governorate

The governorate is divided into four districts (aqḍiyah, singular qaḍāʼ):

District Arabic name Capital
Aley قضاء عاليه Aley
Baabda قضاء بعبدا Baabda
Chouf قضاء الشوف Beiteddine
Matn قضاء المتن Jdeideh

The districts of Jbeil and Keserwan were part of Mount Lebanon Governorate until 7 September 2017, when they were separated to form Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate.[3][4]

Demographics

[edit]

Mount Lebanon has a Christian majority[5][6] with the presence of other religious groups such as Druze and Muslims. Maronites live in the Metn and Baabda districts (other Christian denominations such as Greek Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Greek Catholics make up the rest of the population alongside Muslims). The Druze are the majority in the Aley district and a plurality in the Chouf district (nearly equal in numbers with Sunni Muslims and Christians).[7] Shia minorities live in the Coast areas of Baabda District like Borj Al Barajneh, Haret Hreik, Ghobeiry and Chiyah.[8]

There are no accurate statistics, but according to the number of registered voters in 2005, the percentage of Christians is 65.8%, followed by Druze with 15.43%, then Sunnis with 8.23%, followed by Shiites with 7.76%.[9]

The Christian and Druze communities have a long history of interaction dating back roughly a millennium, particularly in Mount Lebanon.[10] Over the centuries, they have peacefully interacted and lived together, sharing common social and cultural landscapes, although occasional exceptions have occurred. This interaction been marked by shared economic activities, cultural exchange, and even political alliances in some cases.[11] The two communities lived among each other and interacted socially on an everyday basis. The close bonds between Christian and Druze neighbors led to Christian communities thriving in some Druze towns.[12]

Economy

[edit]

The economy of Mount Lebanon Governorate depended mainly on industrial activities.[when?]cn The Governorate includes the highest percentage of industrial establishments in Lebanon (about 58% of the total Lebanese industrial establishments). Most of these establishments work in the food industries sector (17.93%), thus representing 34% of the total number of companies engaged in food industries. This sector is followed by paper and printing companies, which constitute 13.15% of the industrial establishments in Mount Lebanon. There are more than 12 industrial zones in Mount Lebanon, near the port of Beirut.[citation needed]

The Governorate of Mount Lebanon includes five tourist sites out of the nine most attractive sites for tourists. It also includes 260 hotels, which is the highest percentage among the governorates, with the exception of Beirut.[citation needed]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Law, Gwillim. "Lebanon Provinces". Statoids. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  2. ^ Brinkhoff, Thomas (2 March 2019). "Lebanon: Administrative Division". City Population. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  3. ^ "Le découpage administratif du Liban en 2017" (in French). Localiban. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  4. ^ "إنشاء محافظة جديدة في جبل لبنان باسم "كسروان الفتوح وجبيل"" (in Arabic). Legal Informatics Center, Lebanese University. 7 September 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  5. ^ "Dividing Up The Middle East - The Creation of Lebanon". RTH - Real Time History GmbH. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
  6. ^ "Population of Lebanon". Fanack.com. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
  7. ^ Barakat, Halim (2011). Lebanon in Strife: Student Preludes to the Civil War. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-73981-9. the Druzes make up almost half the district, of Aley, one third of Rashaya, and more than a quarter of Shuf and Matn...
  8. ^ "Mapping Lebanon: Data and statistics". L'Orient-Le Jour. 2022-05-10. Retrieved 2022-07-08.
  9. ^ "The mountain electoral battle sums up Lebanese politics". Al Jazeera. 2016-11-16.
  10. ^ Mackey, Sandra (2006). Lebanon: A House Divided. W. W. Norton. p. 62. ISBN 9780393352764.
  11. ^ Hitti, Philip (2010). Lebanon in History: From the Earliest Times to the Present. University of Michigan Press. p. 408-410. ISBN 9789004129382.
  12. ^ Hitti, Philip (2010). Lebanon in History: From the Earliest Times to the Present. University of Michigan Press. p. 408-410. ISBN 9789004129382.
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