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*''[[Capreolus]]''
*''[[Capreolus]]''
*''[[Hippocamelus]]''
*''[[Hippocamelus]]''
*''[[Water deer|Hydropotes]]''
*''[[Brocket deer|Mazama]]''
*''[[Brocket deer|Mazama]]''
*''[[Odocoileus]]''
*''[[Odocoileus]]''
*''[[Ozotoceros]]''
*''[[Ozotoceros]]''
*''[[Pudella]]''
*''[[Pudú|Pudu]]''
*''[[Pudú|Pudu]]''
*''[[Reindeer|Rangifer]]''
*''[[Reindeer|Rangifer]]''
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}}
}}


The '''Capreolinae''', '''Odocoileinae''', or the '''New World deer''' are a [[subfamily]] of [[deer]]. Alternatively, they are known as the '''telemetacarpal deer''', due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily [[Cervinae]]. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral [[metacarpal bones|metacarpals]], while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Azanza, B.|author2=Rossner, G.|author3=Ortiz-Jaureguizar E.|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids|journal=Paleobiodiversity and Paleoenvironments|volume=93|pages=217–258|doi=10.1007/s12549-013-0118-8|issue=1|s2cid=129071065}}</ref>
The '''Capreolinae''', '''Odocoileinae''', or the '''New World deer''' are a [[subfamily]] of [[deer]]. Alternatively, they are known as the '''telemetacarpal deer''', due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily [[Cervinae]]. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral [[metacarpal bones|metacarpals]], while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Azanza, B.|author2=Rossner, G.|author3=Ortiz-Jaureguizar E.|name-list-style=amp|year=2013|title=The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids|journal= Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments|volume=93|pages=217–258|doi=10.1007/s12549-013-0118-8|issue=1|bibcode=2013PdPe...93..217A |s2cid=129071065|hdl=11336/13861|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Middle [[Miocene]], between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in central Asia.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gilbert, C.|author2=Ropiquet, A.|author3=Hassanin A. |title=Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=July 2006 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=101–117 |doi=10.1016/J.Ympev.2006.02.017 |pmid=16584894}}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Middle [[Miocene]], between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in [[Central Asia]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gilbert, C.|author2=Ropiquet, A.|author3=Hassanin A. |title=Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=July 2006 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=101–117 |doi=10.1016/J.Ympev.2006.02.017 |pmid=16584894|bibcode=2006MolPE..40..101G }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes [[reindeer]], [[moose]], and [[roe deer]], all of which live in Eurasia in the Old World.
Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes [[reindeer]], [[moose]], and [[roe deer]], all of which live in Eurasia in the Old World.


==Classification==
==Classification==
The following extant genera and species are recognized:<ref name=Randi2001>{{cite journal |last1= Randi |first1= E. |last2= Mucci |first2= N. |display-authors=etal |date= February 2001 |title= A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in ''Cervus'' and implications for conservation |journal= Animal Conservation |volume= 4 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-11 |doi= 10.1017/S1367943001001019}}</ref><ref name=Pitraa2004>{{cite journal |last1= Pitraa |first1= C. |last2= Fickel |first2= J. |display-authors=etal |date= December 2004 |title= Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer |journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume= 33 |issue= 3 |pages= 880-895 |doi= 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013}}</ref><ref name=Alvarez2007>Alvarez D. (2007){{full|date=May 2021}}</ref><ref name=Duarte2008>{{cite journal |last1= Duarte |first1= J.M.B. |last2= González |first2= S. |last3= Maldonado |first3= J.E. |date= October 2008 |title= The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer |journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume= 49 |issue= 1 |pages= 17-22 |doi= 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ultimateungulate.com/NewTaxonomy.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-01-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201013518/http://www.ultimateungulate.com/NewTaxonomy.html |archive-date=2012-12-01 }}</ref>
The following extant genera and species are recognized:<ref name=Randi2001>{{cite journal |last1= Randi |first1= E. |last2= Mucci |first2= N. |display-authors=etal |date= February 2001 |title= A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in ''Cervus'' and implications for conservation |journal= Animal Conservation |volume= 4 |issue= 1 |pages= 1–11 |doi= 10.1017/S1367943001001019|bibcode= 2001AnCon...4....1R |s2cid= 86572236 }}</ref><ref name=Pitraa2004>{{cite journal |last1= Pitraa |first1= C. |last2= Fickel |first2= J. |display-authors=etal |date= December 2004 |title= Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer |journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume= 33 |issue= 3 |pages= 880–895 |doi= 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013|pmid= 15522810 |bibcode= 2004MolPE..33..880P }}</ref><ref name=Alvarez2007>Alvarez D. (2007){{full|date=May 2021}}</ref><ref name=Duarte2008>{{cite journal |last1= Duarte |first1= J.M.B. |last2= González |first2= S. |last3= Maldonado |first3= J.E. |date= October 2008 |title= The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer |journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume= 49 |issue= 1 |pages= 17–22 |doi= 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009|pmid= 18675919 |bibcode= 2008MolPE..49...17D }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ultimateungulate.com/NewTaxonomy.html |title=A new perspective on Ungulate Taxonomy |access-date=2013-01-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201013518/http://www.ultimateungulate.com/NewTaxonomy.html |archive-date=2012-12-01 }}</ref>
* Tribe Alceini
* Tribe [[Capreolini]]
⚫
** Genus ''[[Alces]]''
⚫
*** [[Moose|Moose or Eurasian elk]] (''A. alces'')
⚫
* Tribe Capreolini
** Genus ''[[Capreolus]]''
** Genus ''[[Capreolus]]''
*** [[Roe deer|Western roe deer]] (''C. capreolus'')
*** [[Roe deer|Western roe deer]] (''C. capreolus'')
*** [[Siberian roe deer|Eastern roe deer]] (''C. pygargus'')
*** [[Siberian roe deer|Eastern roe deer]] (''C. pygargus'')
**Genus ''[[Hydropotes]]''
* Tribe Rangiferini (reindeer and New World deer)
⚫
*** [[Water deer]] (''H. inermis'')
⚫
* Tribe [[Alceini]]
⚫
**Genus ''[[Alces]]''
⚫
*** [[Moose|Moose or Eurasian elk]] (''A. alces'')
*** †[[Alces gallicus|Gallic moose]] (''A. gallicus'')
* Tribe [[Odocoileini]]
** Genus ''[[Reindeer|Rangifer]]''
** Genus ''[[Reindeer|Rangifer]]''
*** [[Reindeer|Caribou/reindeer]] (''R. tarandus'')
*** [[Reindeer|Caribou/reindeer]] (''R. tarandus'')
⚫
** Genus ''[[Odocoileus]]''
⚫
*** [[Mule deer]] (''O. hemionus'')
⚫
*** [[White-tailed deer]] (''O. virginianus'')
⚫
*** [[Yucatan brown brocket]] (''O. pandora'')
*** †[[American mountain deer]] (''O. lucasi'')
⚫
** Genus ''[[Blastocerus]]''
*** [[Marsh deer]] (''B. dichotomus'')
** Genus ''[[Hippocamelus]]''
** Genus ''[[Hippocamelus]]''
*** [[Taruca]] (''H. antisensis'')
*** [[Taruca]] (''H. antisensis'')
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*** [[Amazonian brown brocket]] (''M. nemorivaga'')
*** [[Amazonian brown brocket]] (''M. nemorivaga'')
*** [[Central American red brocket]] (''M. temama'')
*** [[Central American red brocket]] (''M. temama'')
⚫
*** [[Yucatan brown brocket]] (''M. pandora'')
*** [[Small red brocket]] or bororo (''M. bororo'')
*** [[Small red brocket]] or bororo (''M. bororo'')
*** [[Dwarf brocket]] (''M. chunyi'')
*** [[Dwarf brocket]] (''M. chunyi'')
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*** [[Red brocket|Ecuador red brocket]] (''Mazama gualea'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
*** [[Red brocket|Ecuador red brocket]] (''Mazama gualea'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
*** [[Red brocket|Brazilian red brocket]] (''M. jucunda'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
*** [[Red brocket|Brazilian red brocket]] (''M. jucunda'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
*** [[Yucatan brown brocket]] (''M. pandora'')
*** [[Red brocket|Trinidad red brocket]] (''M. trinitatis'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
*** [[Red brocket|Trinidad red brocket]] (''M. trinitatis'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
*** [[Red brocket|Southern red brocket]] (''Mazama whitelyi'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
*** [[Red brocket|Southern red brocket]] (''Mazama whitelyi'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
*** [[Red brocket|Peruvian red brocket]] (''Mazama zamora'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
*** [[Red brocket|Peruvian red brocket]] (''Mazama zamora'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
*** [[Red brocket|Colombian red brocket]] (''Mazama zetta'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
*** [[Red brocket|Colombian red brocket]] (''Mazama zetta'', considered by some authorities to be a subspecies of ''M. americana'')
⚫
** Genus ''[[Blastocerus]]''
⚫
*** [[Marsh deer]] (''B. dichotomus'')
** Genus ''[[Ozotoceros]]''
** Genus ''[[Ozotoceros]]''
*** [[Pampas deer]] (''O. bezoarticus'')
*** [[Pampas deer]] (''O. bezoarticus'')
** Genus ''Pudella''
*** [[Pudella carlae|Peruvian Yungas pudu]] (''Pudella carlae'')
⚫
*** [[Northern pudu]] (''P. mephistophiles'')
** Genus ''[[Pudú|Pudu]]''
** Genus ''[[Pudú|Pudu]]''
⚫
*** [[Northern pudu]] (''P. mephistophiles'')
*** [[Southern pudu]] (''P. pudu'')
*** [[Southern pudu]] (''P. pudu'')
⚫
** Genus ''[[Odocoileus]]''
⚫
*** [[White-tailed deer]] (''O. virginianus'')
⚫
*** [[Mule deer]] (''O. hemionus'')

===Extinct genera===
===Extinct genera===
*†''[[Agalmaceros]]''
*†''[[Agalmaceros]]''
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*†''[[Bretzia]]''
*†''[[Bretzia]]''
*†''[[Cervalces]]''
*†''[[Cervalces]]''
** †''[[Cervalces carnutorum|C. carnutorum]]''
** †''[[Cervalces scotti|C. scotti]]''
** †''[[Cervalces latifrons|C. latifrons]]''
*†''[[Eocoileus]]''{{cn|date=April 2023}}
*†''[[Libralces]]''
*†''[[Libralces]]''
*†''[[Morenelaphus]]''
*†''[[Morenelaphus]]''
*†''[[Navahoceros]]''
*†''[[Pavlodaria]]''{{cn|date=April 2023}}
*†''[[Procapreolus]]''{{cn|date=April 2023}}
*†''[[Torontoceros]]''
*†''[[Torontoceros]]''


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{{Taxonbar|from=Q118722}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q118722}}


[[Category:Capreolinae| ]]
[[Category:Deer]]
[[Category:Deer]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Joshua Brookes]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Joshua Brookes]]
[[Category:Mammal subfamilies]]
[[Category:Mammal subfamilies]]


{{eventoedungulate-stub}}

Latest revision as of 13:43, 5 December 2024

Capreolinae
Temporal range: Middle Miocene to present
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Cervidae
Subfamily: Capreolinae
Brookes, 1828
Genera
Synonyms

Odocoileinae

The Capreolinae, Odocoileinae, or the New World deer are a subfamily of deer. Alternatively, they are known as the telemetacarpal deer, due to their bone structure being different from the plesiometacarpal deer subfamily Cervinae. The telemetacarpal deer maintain their distal lateral metacarpals, while the plesiometacarpal deer maintain only their proximal lateral metacarpals.[1] The Capreolinae are believed to have originated in the Middle Miocene, between 7.7 and 11.5 million years ago, in Central Asia.[2]

Although this subfamily is called New World deer in English, it includes reindeer, moose, and roe deer, all of which live in Eurasia in the Old World.

Classification

[edit]

The following extant genera and species are recognized:[3][4][5][6][7]

Extinct genera

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Azanza, B.; Rossner, G. & Ortiz-Jaureguizar E. (2013). "The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of Dron-Durkheim 1 (German) and implications on the origin of crown cervids". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 93 (1): 217–258. Bibcode:2013PdPe...93..217A. doi:10.1007/s12549-013-0118-8. hdl:11336/13861. S2CID 129071065.
  2. ^ Gilbert, C.; Ropiquet, A.; Hassanin A. (July 2006). "Mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies of Cervidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia): Systematics, morphology, and biogeography". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 101–117. Bibcode:2006MolPE..40..101G. doi:10.1016/J.Ympev.2006.02.017. PMID 16584894.[permanent dead link‍]
  3. ^ Randi, E.; Mucci, N.; et al. (February 2001). "A mitochondrial DNA control region phylogeny of the Cervinae: speciation in Cervus and implications for conservation". Animal Conservation. 4 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2001AnCon...4....1R. doi:10.1017/S1367943001001019. S2CID 86572236.
  4. ^ Pitraa, C.; Fickel, J.; et al. (December 2004). "Evolution and phylogeny of old world deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (3): 880–895. Bibcode:2004MolPE..33..880P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.013. PMID 15522810.
  5. ^ Alvarez D. (2007)[full citation needed]
  6. ^ a b Duarte, J.M.B.; González, S.; Maldonado, J.E. (October 2008). "The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 17–22. Bibcode:2008MolPE..49...17D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.07.009. PMID 18675919.
  7. ^ "A new perspective on Ungulate Taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
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