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{{Short description|Japanese boxing manga}}
{{Short description|Japanese boxing manga}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox animanga/Header
{{Infobox animanga/Header
| name = Tomorrow's Joe
| name = Tomorrow's Joe
| image = Ashita_no_Joe_Volume_1.jpg
| image = Ashita no Joe Volume 1.jpg
| caption = Cover of the first ''[[tankōbon]]'' volume, featuring Joe Yabuki (left) and Tooru Rikiishi (right)
| caption = Cover of the first {{Transliteration|ja|[[tankōbon]]}} volume, featuring [[Joe Yabuki]] (left) and Tooru Rikiishi (right)
| ja_kanji = あしたのジョー
| ja_kanji = あしたのジョー
| ja_romaji = Ashita no Joe
| ja_romaji = Ashita no Joe
| genre = [[Sports manga|Sports]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ashita no Joe Film to Screen in France, Southeast Asia |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-02-19/ashita-no-joe-film-to-screen-in-france-southeast-asia |publisher=Anime News Network |access-date=June 17, 2018}}</ref><!-- Note: Use and cite reliable sources to identify genre/s, not personal interpretation. Please don't include more than three genres (per [[MOS:A&M]]). -->
| genre = [[Sports manga|Sports]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Ashita no Joe Film to Screen in France, Southeast Asia|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-02-19/ashita-no-joe-film-to-screen-in-france-southeast-asia|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=June 17, 2018|archive-date=May 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513150850/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-02-19/ashita-no-joe-film-to-screen-in-france-southeast-asia|url-status=live}}</ref><!-- Note: Use and cite reliable sources to identify genre/s, not personal interpretation. Please don't include more than three genres (per [[MOS:A&M]]). -->
}}
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Print
{{Infobox animanga/Print
| type = manga
| type = manga
| author = [[Ikki Kajiwara|Asao Takamori]]
| author = [[Asao Takamori]]
| illustrator = [[Tetsuya Chiba]]
| illustrator = [[Tetsuya Chiba]]
| publisher = [[Kodansha]]
|publisher = [[Kodansha]]
|publisher_en = {{English manga publisher|NA=[[Kodansha USA]]}}
| demographic = ''[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]''
| demographic = {{Transliteration|ja|[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]}}
| magazine = [[Weekly Shōnen Magazine]]
| magazine = [[Weekly Shōnen Magazine]]
| first = January 1, 1968
| first = January 1, 1968
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| music = [[Masao Yagi]]
| music = [[Masao Yagi]]
| studio = [[Mushi Production]]
| studio = [[Mushi Production]]
| network = [[Fuji TV]]
| network = [[Fuji Network System|FNS]] ([[Fuji TV]])
| licensee = {{English anime licensee|NA=[[Crunchyroll]]}}
| first = April 1, 1970
| first = April 1, 1970
| last = September 29, 1971
| last = September 29, 1971
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{{Infobox animanga/Video
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type = film
| type = film
| director = {{ubl|Yōichirō Fukuda|Osamu Dezaki {{small|(chief director)}}}}
| director = {{ubl|Yōichirō Fukuda|Osamu Dezaki (chief director)}}
| producer = Hisao Masuda
| producer = Hisao Masuda
| writer = Yōichirō Fukuda
| writer = Yōichirō Fukuda
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| director = Osamu Dezaki
| director = Osamu Dezaki
| producer = {{ubl|Seiji Takahashi|Shunzo Kato}}
| producer = {{ubl|Seiji Takahashi|Shunzo Kato}}
| writer = [[Atsushi Yamatoya]]<br />Haruya Yamazaki<br />Hideo Takayashiki<br />Yoshimi Shinozaki
| writer = {{ubl|[[Atsushi Yamatoya]]|Haruya Yamazaki|Hideo Takayashiki|Yoshimi Shinozaki}}
| music = Ichiro Araki
| music = Ichiro Araki
| studio = [[TMS Entertainment]]
| studio = [[TMS Entertainment|Tokyo Movie Shinsha]]
| licensee =
| licensee =
| network = [[Nippon TV]]
| network = [[Nippon Television Network System|NNS]] ([[Nippon Television|NTV]])
| first = October 13, 1980
| first = October 13, 1980
| last = August 31, 1981
| last = August 31, 1981
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| writer = {{ubl|Atsushi Yamatoya|Haruya Yamazaki|Hideo Takayashiki|Osamu Dezaki|Yoshimi Shinozaki}}
| writer = {{ubl|Atsushi Yamatoya|Haruya Yamazaki|Hideo Takayashiki|Osamu Dezaki|Yoshimi Shinozaki}}
| music = Ichiro Araki
| music = Ichiro Araki
| studio = {{ubl|Herald Enterprise|Fujifilm|Chiba Planning|TMS Entertainment}}
| studio = {{ubl|Herald Enterprise|Fujifilm|Chiba Planning|Tokyo Movie Shinsha}}
| licensee = {{English anime licensee|NA=[[Discotek Media]]}}
| licensee = {{English anime licensee|NA=[[Discotek Media]]}}
| released = July 4, 1981
| released = July 4, 1981
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}}
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Other
{{Infobox animanga/Other
| title = See also
| title = Related
| content =
| content =
*''[[Joe vs. Joe]]'' (2003)
*''[[Joe vs. Joe]]'' (2003)
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}}
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}
{{Nihongo|'''''Tomorrow's Joe'''''|あしたのジョー|Ashita no Jō|{{lit.|Tomorrow's Joe}}|lead=yes}} is a Japanese [[boxing]] [[manga]] series written by [[Asao Takamori]] (a pen name of Japanese author and manga writer Ikki Kajiwara, and one that's a variation on his real name) and illustrated by [[Tetsuya Chiba]]. The story follows a young man named Joe Yabuki and his boxing career as a [[Bantamweight]].
{{Nihongo|'''''Tomorrow's Joe'''''|あしたのジョー|Ashita no Jō|{{lit.|Tomorrow's Joe}}|lead=yes}}, also known as '''''Ashita no Joe: Fighting for Tomorrow''''', is a Japanese [[boxing]] [[manga]] series written by [[Asao Takamori]] and illustrated by [[Tetsuya Chiba]]. It follows drifter [[Joe Yabuki]], who discovers a passion for boxing in a juvenile prison, and his rise through Japan's and the global boxing scene.


''Tomorrow's Joe'' was first serialized by [[Kodansha]] in ''[[Weekly Shonen Magazine]]'' from January 1, 1968, to May 13, 1973, and was later collected into 20 [[tankōbon]] volumes. During its serialization, it was popular with [[working-class]] people and college students in Japan. It has been adapted into various media, including the ''[[Megalo Box]]'' anime, a futuristic reimagining of the original that was made as a part of the 50th anniversary of ''Tomorrow's Joe''.
''Tomorrow's Joe'' was serialized in [[Kodansha]]'s ''[[Weekly Shonen Magazine]]'' from 1968 to 1973, with its chapters collected in 20 {{Transliteration|ja|[[tankōbon]]}} volumes. During its serialization, it was popular with [[working-class]] people and college students in Japan. It has been adapted into various media, including the ''[[Megalo Box]]'' anime, a futuristic reimagining of the original that was made as a part of the 50th anniversary of ''Tomorrow's Joe''.


The manga is considered by many to be a very influential manga series, with many anime and manga referencing it.<ref name="ann-mike-toole" />
The manga has been widely influential, with numerous anime and manga referencing it.


==Plot==
==Plot==
{{See also|List of Ashita no Joe characters}}
{{See also|List of Ashita no Joe characters{{!}}List of ''Ashita no Joe'' characters}}
⚫
[[Joe Yabuki]], a young drifter, has a chance encounter with alcoholic former boxing trainer Danpei Tange while wandering through the [[San'ya]] slums. Recognizing his talent, Danpei trains Joe as a boxer, but Joe is arrested for fraud. He fights Nishi Kanichi, the leader of a group of hooligans, in temporary jail, and the two are transferred to a [[juvenile detention center]]. There, Joe meets Tōru Rikiishi, a former boxing prodigy, and they develop a rivalry after Rikiishi prevents him from escaping. The prison sets up a boxing tournament led by Danpei and funded by millionaire Mikinosuke Shiraki and his daughter Yoko. Rikiishi dominates Joe in the final until the latter hits a [[cross-counter]], resulting in a [[Knockout#Double knockout|double knockout]]. Feeling that the match did not resolve anything, Joe and Rikiishi vow to fight again as [[professional boxer]]s.


Upon his release from prison, Joe joins Danpei's new tiny boxing gym together with Nishi. Joe gains popularity as an amateur boxer for his brawling style and trademark cross-counter KO wins, but he is denied a professional license until provoking champion boxer Wolf Kanagushi. Joe performs a triple cross counter on Wolf to win their match, and earns the right to fight Rikiishi in the professional ring.
⚫
Joe Yabuki is a young drifter who has a chance encounter with Danpei Tange, a former boxing trainer, while wandering through [[San'ya]]. Joe is arrested for [[fraud]] and is thrown into a temporary jail where he fights Nishi Kanichi, the leader of a group of hooligans. He and Nishi are then transferred to the {{nihongo|Tōkō High-Security Juvenile Prison|東光特等少年院|Tōkō Tokutō Shōnen'in}}, a [[juvenile detention center]] miles away from Tokyo. There, Joe meets Tōru Rikiishi, a former boxing prodigy, and a rivalry develops between them after Rikiishi prevents Joe and Nishi from escaping. They attempt to resolve the rivalry by facing each other in a boxing match, during which Rikiishi dominates Joe until the latter hits him with a [[cross-counter]], resulting in a [[Knockout#Double knockout|double knockout]]. Feeling that the outcome of the match did not resolve anything, Joe and Rikiishi vow to fight again. As Rikiishi learns he is due to be released, he challenges Joe to a fight in the future, and the two promise to meet again, this time as [[professional boxer]]s.


⚫
Rikiishi is assured a promising career funded by Mikinosuke Shiraki, but is intent on settling his score with Joe. Because he is a [[featherweight]], while Joe is a [[bantamweight]], Rikiishi undergoes a taxing weight loss program. Their match is close. Rikiishi knocks Joe out in the 8th round to win, but later dies from the combined effects of weight loss and a brain hemorrhage sustained during the fight.
Upon his release from prison, Joe initially has trouble gaining a boxing license due to his lack of formal education, but succeeds in his second attempt with the help of Danpei and Nishi. Joe manages to go up to [[bantamweight]], after provoking champion boxer Wolf Kanagushi. Joe quickly rises in the ranks and gains popularity for his brawling style, and trademark cross-counter KO wins. Joe manages to perform a triple-cross counter on Wolf. Joe then earns the right to fight Rikiishi in the professional ring.


Joe is traumatized by Rikiishi's death. Danpei realizes that Joe is unable to deliver headshots to his opponents. Joe loses three straight fights and eventually disappears to join an illegal countryside boxing ring. He returns to fight global sixth ranked fighter Carlos Rivera. Carlos is managed by Yoko, who, having become interested in Joe, has taken over her father's gym. The fight devolves into a brawl, but Joe earns tremendous fame and respect, and he and Carlos become friends. Carlos is later knocked out in the first round by world champion José Mendoza and suffers severe brain damage.
⚫
Although Rikiishi is assured a promising career, he is intent in settling his score with Joe, whom he feels stands in his path. Because Rikiishi is three weight classes above Joe, he undergoes an incredibly taxing weight loss program, which includes severe [[dehydration]]. Rikiishi knocks Joe out in the 8th round and wins, but dies after from the combined effects of the extreme weight loss on his body and brain hemorrhage that he sustained from Joe during the fight.


After his fight with Carlos, Joe becomes recognized as a world ranked boxer. He struggles with maintaining bantam weight due to a late [[growth spurt]], forcing him to undergo strenuous weight loss similar to what Rikiishi underwent. He defeats [[OPBF]] Champion Kim Yong-bi, a [[South Korea]]n boxer and survivor of the [[Korean War]], and proceeds to win several title defenses. Meanwhile, Yoko has secured the rights for Mendoza's next title defense. Fearing that Joe has lost his fighting instincts, she forces him to face [[Malaysia]]n fighter Harimau before he can challenge Mendoza. Joe narrowly wins the fight.
Joe is mentally and physically traumatized by Rikiishi's death; during matches, Danpei realizes that Joe is unable to deliver headshots to his opponents. It takes Joe some time to get over it and costs him three straight losses, but he finally conquers his fears when he faces the globally #6-ranked fighter, Carlos Rivera. The fight ends with a [[Tie (draw)|draw]], yet it gives Joe tremendous fame and respect around the world, especially since Carlos was going to face the World Champion José Mendoza in his next match.


The fight against Mendoza is to be held in a packed Tokyo stadium. Before the fight, Yoko discovers that Joe is suffering from [[Dementia pugilistica|punch-drunk]] syndrome. She attempts to cancel the match, confessing her love for him, but he refuses.
Joe starts to climb up the boxing ladder, but struggles with maintaining bantamweight due to a late [[growth spurt]], forcing him to undergo strenuous training similar to what Rikiishi underwent. He defeats the [[OPBF]] Champion, Kim Yong-bi, a [[South Korea]]n boxer and survivor of the [[Korean War]], dedicating the win to Rikiishi. After winning the title match, Joe defends his title. He wins all defenses, ultimately defending it against the [[Malaysia]]n fighter Harimau. He is now given the chance to face the World Champion José Mendoza, who defeated Carlos Rivera with a KO punch in the first round, ending his boxing career. It is later revealed that Carlos had developed permanent brain damage from his fight.


Mendoza dominates the early rounds, and Joe loses his vision in one eye. Initially composed, Mendoza begins losing his mind as Joe continues to hold on no matter how much damage he takes. Joe manages to knock down Mendoza several times. The match eventually goes all fifteen rounds. Joe hands Yoko his gloves, and tells Danpei that everything has "burnt to ashes." Mendoza is declared the winner by points, but his hair has turned white from the trauma of the fight. Danpei turns to console Joe only to find him sitting unresponsive in his chair, with a smile on his face.
The fight is held in a packed stadium, and is attended by many of Joe's friends and former rivals, including Wolf and the now sickly and haggard Carlos. Joe faces Mendoza, even though he is at a disadvantage since it was revealed he was [[Dementia pugilistica|punch-drunk]], and has lost vision in one eye. The match is a brutal back-and-forth with Joe able to knock down the Champion more than once. Though originally composed, José starts losing his mind as Joe keeps getting up no matter how much damage he takes, to the point that he wonders if he is trapped in a nightmare. The match goes all of its fifteen rounds, with Mendoza barely gaining a win by points, but much to the shock of the audience, José has seemingly aged decades in minutes from the toll the fight has taken on his body, with [[Marie Antoinette syndrome|his hair turned snow white from the trauma he has experienced]]. Danpei turns to console Joe only to find him unresponsive, but with a smile on his face. It has been long debated amongst fans whether Joe died or not: Chiba stated that he drew the ending scene at the last minute, and Takamori's original ending was different.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manga-audition.com/tetsuya-chiba-interview/|title="We don't read, We FEEL it." – Tetsuya Chiba Interview}}</ref> Conflicting interpretations have also been given by the manga's authors as a result: Takamori stated in a 1979 biography that Joe died, while Chiba has refused to directly comment, hinting that Joe may have survived.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://white-ash.net/whistle/did-joe-die|title=Did Joe Yabuki die? It's unclear but there are some comments by creators.|date=21 October 2018 |access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref>


It has long been debated whether Joe died in the ending. Artist Chiba stated that he drew the ending at the last minute, and that Takamori's original ending was different.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manga-audition.com/tetsuya-chiba-interview/|title="We don't read, We FEEL it." – Tetsuya Chiba Interview|access-date=December 23, 2016|archive-date=December 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224094046/http://www.manga-audition.com/tetsuya-chiba-interview/|url-status=live}}</ref> Takamori stated in a 1979 biography that Joe died, while Chiba has refused to directly comment, hinting that Joe may have survived.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://white-ash.net/whistle/did-joe-die|title=Did Joe Yabuki die? It's unclear but there are some comments by creators.|date=October 21, 2018|access-date=January 31, 2022|archive-date=July 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731094124/https://white-ash.net/whistle/did-joe-die|url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2001 interview, forensic pathologist Masahiko Ueno concluded that Joe had to be alive in the final panel to remain upright.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kamba|first=Ryosuke|date=December 15, 2017|script-title=ja:「あしたのジョーは生きている」 連載開始から半世紀、法医学者が鑑定|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/ryosukekamba/joe|access-date=June 9, 2024|publisher=[[BuzzFeed News]]|language=ja|archive-date=March 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321142713/https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/ryosukekamba/joe|url-status=live}}</ref>
⚫
==Media==


⚫
==Media==
===Manga===
===Manga===
{{Main|List of Ashita no Joe manga volumes{{!}}List of ''Ashita no Joe'' manga volumes}}
''Tomorrow's Joe'' originally serialized in Japan in the [[Shōnen manga|''shōnen'' manga]] magazine ''[[Weekly Shōnen Magazine]]'' from January 1, 1968 to May 13, 1973. It was collected into 20 [[tankōbon]] volumes by [[Kodansha]]. Most of the chapters of the manga were reprinted in ''[[Shukan Gendai]]'' from March 2, 2009 to the year end.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/02/12/national/ashita-no-joe-makes-a-comeback/|title=Ashita no Joe makes a comeback|publisher=The Japan Times|date=February 12, 2009|author=Kyodo News|access-date=April 12, 2020}}</ref>
''Tomorrow's Joe'' originally serialized in the [[Shōnen manga|{{Transliteration|ja|shōnen}} manga]] magazine ''[[Weekly Shōnen Magazine]]'' from January 1, 1968, to May 13, 1973. It was collected into 20 {{Transliteration|ja|[[tankōbon]]}} volumes by [[Kodansha]]. Most of the chapters of the manga were reprinted in ''[[Shukan Gendai]]'' from March 2, 2009, to the year end.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/02/12/national/ashita-no-joe-makes-a-comeback/|title=Ashita no Joe makes a comeback|publisher=The Japan Times|date=February 12, 2009|author=Kyodo News|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412084359/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/02/12/national/ashita-no-joe-makes-a-comeback/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2024, [[Kodansha USA]] announced that they had licensed the manga for English release in North America. They will release it digitally and in eight oversized hardcover volumes, starting in December of the same year.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mateo|first=Alex|title=Kodansha to Publish 1st Official English Release of Ashita no Joe Manga|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-02-22/kodansha-to-publish-1st-official-english-release-of-ashita-no-joe-manga/.207889|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=February 22, 2024|date=February 22, 2024|archive-date=February 22, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222211015/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-02-22/kodansha-to-publish-1st-official-english-release-of-ashita-no-joe-manga/.207889|url-status=live}}</ref>

⚫
===Anime===
====TV series====
⚫
[[Mushi Productions]] produced an anime television series based on the first 14 volumes of ''Tomorrow's Joe''. It was broadcast in Japan by [[Fuji TV]] from April 1, 1970, to September 29, 1971. A second anime television series, which started from volume 9 and covered the rest of the series, was made by [[TMS Entertainment]] and was broadcast by [[Nippon TV]] from October 13, 1980, to August 31, 1981. Both anime were directed by [[Osamu Dezaki]]. On March 2, 2005, the complete version of the first anime was released by Nippon Columbia on 2 DVD box sets, covering 33 hours and 55 minutes of footage across 79 episodes spanning 16 disks. It also includes an all-color explanation book in 3 volumes totaling 120 pages. Previous release formats include mini-box sets on September 21, 2001, and individual discs on September 21, 2002.<ref name="Discotek">{{cite web|title=Discotek Licenses Cyborg 009 The Cyborg Soldier, Tomorrow's Joe, Project ARMS, NieA_7, Lupin III: The Legend of the Gold of Babylon|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-08-13/discotek-licenses-cyborg-009-the-cyborg-soldier-tomorrow-joe-project-arms-niea_7-lupin-iii-the-legend-of-the-gold-of-babylon/.120065|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=August 13, 2017|date=August 13, 2017|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701031748/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-08-13/discotek-licenses-cyborg-009-the-cyborg-soldier-tomorrow-joe-project-arms-niea_7-lupin-iii-the-legend-of-the-gold-of-babylon/.120065|url-status=live}}</ref> Crunchyroll began streaming the second anime from March 24, 2014, under the name ''Champion Joe 2''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2014/03/22/crunchyroll-adds-champion-joe-2-anime-and-gto-taiwan-drama|title=Crunchyroll Adds "Champion Joe 2" Anime and "GTO Taiwan" Drama|work=[[Crunchyroll]]|date=March 22, 2014|access-date=June 1, 2015|archive-date=June 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612023625/http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2014/03/22/crunchyroll-adds-champion-joe-2-anime-and-gto-taiwan-drama|url-status=live}}</ref>


[[Crunchyroll]] began streaming the series in November 2024.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mateo|first=Alex|title=Crunchyroll Adds Ashita no Joe Anime|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-11-14/crunchyroll-adds-ashita-no-joe-anime/.217872|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=November 15, 2024|date=November 14, 2024}}</ref>
⚫
===Anime series===
⚫
[[Mushi Productions]] produced an anime television series based on the first 14 volumes of ''Tomorrow's Joe''. It was broadcast in Japan by [[Fuji TV]] from April 1, 1970, to September 29, 1971. A second anime television series, which started from volume 9 and covered the rest of the series, was made by [[TMS Entertainment]] and was broadcast by [[Nippon TV]] from October 13, 1980, to August 31, 1981. Both anime were directed by [[Osamu Dezaki]]. On March 2, 2005, the complete version of the first anime was released by Nippon Columbia on 2 DVD box sets, covering 33 hours and 55 minutes of footage across 79 episodes spanning 16 disks. It also includes an all-color explanation book in 3 volumes totaling 120 pages. Previous release formats include mini-box sets on September 21, 2001, and individual disks on September 21, 2002.<ref name="Discotek">{{cite web|title=Discotek Licenses Cyborg 009 The Cyborg Soldier, Tomorrow's Joe, Project ARMS, NieA_7, Lupin III: The Legend of the Gold of Babylon|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-08-13/discotek-licenses-cyborg-009-the-cyborg-soldier-tomorrow-joe-project-arms-niea_7-lupin-iii-the-legend-of-the-gold-of-babylon/.120065|website=Anime News Network|access-date=August 13, 2017|date=August 13, 2017}}</ref> Crunchyroll began streaming the second anime from March 24, 2014, under the name ''Champion Joe 2''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2014/03/22/crunchyroll-adds-champion-joe-2-anime-and-gto-taiwan-drama|title=Crunchyroll Adds "Champion Joe 2" Anime and "GTO Taiwan" Drama|work=[[Crunchyroll]]|date=March 22, 2014|access-date=June 1, 2015}}</ref>


In 2018, ''[[Megalobox]]'', a futuristic reimagining of the original, was released as part of the manga's 50th anniversary. The series being the final concept of many initial ideas from director Moriyama, one concept being for the story to be based around Rikiishi Toru, Joe's fated rival and lifelong friend.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Parker-Dalton|first=Jacob|date=2018-04-30|title=Origins of 'Megalo Box' Revealed in 'Ashita no Joe' Exhibition|url=http://otaquest.com/megalo-box-origins-ashita-no-joe|access-date=2020-10-04|website=OTAQUEST|language=en-US}}</ref> the show was broadcast in Japan from April 6, 2018, to June 29, 2018, and was [[simulcast]] on [[Crunchyroll]]. The series was licensed by [[Viz Media]] for an English release and began airing on [[Toonami]] in the United States from December 8, 2018. A second season, ''Megalobox 2: Nomad'', was released in 2021 that took place several years after the events of the first season.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ashita no Joe Manga Inspires New TV Anime With Original Story in Spring 2018|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-10-13/ashita-no-joe-manga-inspires-new-tv-anime-with-orignal-story-in-spring-2018/.122668|website=Anime News Network|access-date=October 13, 2017|date=October 13, 2017}}</ref>
In 2018, ''[[Megalobox]]'', a futuristic reimagining of the original, was released as part of the manga's 50th anniversary. The series being the final concept of many initial ideas from director Moriyama, one concept being for the story to be based around Rikiishi Toru, Joe's fated rival and lifelong friend.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Parker-Dalton|first=Jacob|date=April 30, 2018|title=Origins of 'Megalo Box' Revealed in 'Ashita no Joe' Exhibition|url=http://otaquest.com/megalo-box-origins-ashita-no-joe|access-date=October 4, 2020|website=Otaquest|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020090319/https://www.otaquest.com/megalo-box-origins-ashita-no-joe/|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Anime films===
====Films====
Edited versions of the two anime series were distributed as anime films by [[Nippon Herald Films]] on March 8, 1980, and July 4, 1981, respectively. Tai Seng released the first anime film in the United States on DVD in 2008, under the name ''Champion Joe''. Discotek Media later released ''Champion Joe'' on Blu-Ray.<ref name="Discotek"/>
Edited versions of the two anime series were distributed as anime films by [[Nippon Herald Films]] on March 8, 1980, and July 4, 1981, respectively. Tai Seng released the first anime film in the United States on DVD in 2008, under the name ''Champion Joe''. Discotek Media later released ''Champion Joe'' on Blu-Ray.<ref name="Discotek"/>


The first film ''Tomorrow's Joe'' earned a [[distributor rental]] income of {{JPY|500 million}} at the Japanese box office in 1980.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=28c9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |script-title=ja:図解入門業界研究最新ｱﾆﾒ業界の動向とｶﾗｸﾘがよ〜くわかる本 |date=2017 |publisher=[[:ja:秀和システム|秀和システム]] (Shuwa System) |isbn=978-4-7980-5038-6 |edition=2nd |location=Japan |page=24 |language=ja |trans-title=Introductory Illustrated Industry Research A book that gives a good understanding of the latest trends and karakuri in the animation industry |author=Isao Taniguchi |author2=Hajime Asō}}</ref>
The first film ''Tomorrow's Joe'' earned a [[distributor rental]] income of {{JPY|500 million}} at the Japanese box office in 1980.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=28c9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|script-title=ja:図解入門業界研究最新ｱﾆﾒ業界の動向とｶﾗｸﾘがよ〜くわかる本|date=2017|publisher={{ill|Shuwa System|ja|秀和システム}}|isbn=978-4-7980-5038-6|edition=2nd|location=Japan|page=24|language=ja|trans-title=Introductory Illustrated Industry Research A book that gives a good understanding of the latest trends and karakuri in the animation industry|author=Isao Taniguchi|author2=Hajime Asō|access-date=April 11, 2022|archive-date=February 22, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222210931/https://books.google.com/books?id=28c9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Live-action films===
===Live-action films===
A live-action film based on the manga was released in 1970 in Japan, featuring Shōji Ishibashi as Joe Yabuki, Ryūtarō Tatsumi as Danpei Tange and Seiichirō Kameishi as Tōru Rikiishi.
A live-action film based on the manga was released in 1970 in Japan, featuring Shōji Ishibashi as Joe Yabuki, Ryūtarō Tatsumi as Danpei Tange and Seiichirō Kameishi as Tōru Rikiishi.


A second live-action film adaptation premiered in Japan on February 11, 2011, starring popular actor/singer [[Tomohisa Yamashita]] as Joe Yabuki, [[Teruyuki Kagawa]] as Danpei and [[Yūsuke Iseya]] as Tōru Rikiishi. The live-action film also received positive response from Hollywood Reporter's Maggie Lee who praised the cast's boxing but criticized the characterization of Danpei and Yoko.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/tomorrow-s-joe-ashita-no-183313|title=Tomorrow's Joe (Ashita No Joe): Film Review|publisher=Hollywood Reporter|date=April 28, 2011|author=Lee, Maggie|access-date=April 29, 2016}}</ref> Russell Edwards from ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' enjoyed the director's work and, like Lee, enjoyed the work of the leading actors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/tomorrow-s-joe-ashita-no-183313|title=Review: 'Tomorrow's Joe'|publisher=Variety|date=April 28, 2011|author=Edwards, Russell|access-date=April 29, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed {{JPY|1.1 billion}} ({{US$|{{To USD|1100|JPN|year=2011|round=yes}} million|long=no}}) at the Japanese box office in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=2011 |url=http://www.eiren.org/boxoffice_e/2011.html |website=Eiren |publisher=Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan |access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref>
The second live-action film adaptation premiered in Japan on February 11, 2011, starring [[Tomohisa Yamashita]] as Joe Yabuki, [[Teruyuki Kagawa]] as Danpei and [[Yūsuke Iseya]] as Tōru Rikiishi. The live-action film also received positive response from Hollywood Reporter's Maggie Lee who praised the cast's boxing but criticized the characterization of Danpei and Yoko.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/tomorrow-s-joe-ashita-no-183313|title=Tomorrow's Joe (Ashita No Joe): Film Review|publisher=Hollywood Reporter|date=April 28, 2011|author=Lee, Maggie|access-date=April 29, 2016|archive-date=June 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602113656/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/tomorrow-s-joe-ashita-no-183313|url-status=live}}</ref> Russell Edwards from ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' enjoyed the director's work and, like Lee, enjoyed the work of the leading actors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/tomorrow-s-joe-ashita-no-183313|title=Review: 'Tomorrow's Joe'|publisher=Variety|date=April 28, 2011|author=Edwards, Russell|access-date=April 29, 2016|archive-date=June 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602113656/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/tomorrow-s-joe-ashita-no-183313|url-status=live}}</ref> The film grossed {{JPY|1.1 billion}} ({{US$|{{To USD|1100|JPN|year=2011|round=yes}} million|long=no}}) at the Japanese box office in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=2011|url=http://www.eiren.org/boxoffice_e/2011.html|website=Eiren|publisher=Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan|access-date=April 11, 2022|archive-date=July 17, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717225131/http://www.eiren.org/boxoffice_e/2011.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Stage play===
===Stage play===
A stage play directed by Eiichi Yogi, ran from May 25 to May 29, 2016, at the Sumida Park Studio Kura theatre in Tokyo.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-11-30/tetsuya-chiba-ashita-no-joe-manga-gets-stage-play-adaptation/.95928 | title=Tetsuya Chiba's Ashita no Joe Manga Gets Stage Play Adaptation | publisher=[[Anime News Network]] | date=November 30, 2015 | access-date=December 2, 2019}}</ref>
A stage play directed by Eiichi Yogi, ran from May 25 to May 29, 2016, at the Sumida Park Studio Kura theatre in Tokyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-11-30/tetsuya-chiba-ashita-no-joe-manga-gets-stage-play-adaptation/.95928|title=Tetsuya Chiba's Ashita no Joe Manga Gets Stage Play Adaptation|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=November 30, 2015|access-date=December 2, 2019|archive-date=November 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114144357/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-11-30/tetsuya-chiba-ashita-no-joe-manga-gets-stage-play-adaptation/.95928|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Radio drama===
===Radio drama===
Line 134: Line 145:
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
! Title
! Title
! Alternate Titles
! Publisher
! Publisher
! Developer
! Developer
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! Release Date
! Release Date
|-
|-
| Tomorrow's Joe
| ''Tomorrow's Joe''
|
| [[SCSK|CSK]]
| [[SCSK|CSK]]
| Filcom
| Filcom
| [[PC-8800 series|PC-8801]], [[FM-7]]
| [[PC-8800 series|PC-8801]], [[FM-7]]
| July, 1983
| July 1983
|-
|-
| Tomorrow's Joe
| ''Tomorrow's Joe''
|
| [[Taito]]
| [[Taito]]
| Wave Corp
| Wave Corp
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|-
|-
| ''[[Legend of Success Joe]]''
| ''[[Legend of Success Joe]]''
| Tomorrow's Joe Legend
| [[SNK]]
| [[SNK]]
| Wave Corp
| Wave Corp
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| 1991
| 1991
|-
|-
| Tomorrow's Joe
| ''Tomorrow's Joe''
|
| K Amusement Leasing
| K Amusement Leasing
| Wave Corp
| Wave Corp
Line 168: Line 174:
| November 27, 1992
| November 27, 1992
|-
|-
| Boxing Mania: Tomorrow's Joe
| ''Boxing Mania: Tomorrow's Joe''
| Boxing Mania
| [[Konami]]
| [[Konami]]
|
|
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| 2001
| 2001
|-
|-
| Tomorrow's Joe Touchi: Typing Namida Hashi
| ''Tomorrow's Joe Touchi: Typing Namida Hashi''
| Tomorrow's Joe Keyboard Pack
⚫
| [[Sunsoft]]
| [[Sunsoft]]
| [[Sunsoft]]
⚫
| Sunsoft
| [[PlayStation 2]]
| [[PlayStation 2]]
| March 29, 2001
| March 29, 2001
|-
|-
| Tomorrow's Joe 2: The Anime Super Remix
| ''Tomorrow's Joe 2: The Anime Super Remix''
|
| [[Capcom]]
| [[Capcom]]
| [[Capcom]]
| Capcom
| [[PlayStation 2]]
| PlayStation 2
| June 20, 2002
| June 20, 2002
|-
|-
| Tomorrow's Joe Masshiro ni Moe Tsukiro!
| ''Tomorrow's Joe Masshiro ni Moe Tsukiro!''
⚫
| Konami
|
|
⚫
| PlayStation 2
⚫
| [[Konami]]
|
⚫
| [[PlayStation 2]]
| December 4, 2003
| December 4, 2003
|-
|-
| Tomorrow's Joe Makkani Moeagare!
| ''Tomorrow's Joe Makkani Moeagare!''
|
|
|
| Konami
⚫
| [[Konami]]
| [[Game Boy Advance]]
| [[Game Boy Advance]]
| December 4, 2003
| December 4, 2003
|-
|-
| ''[[Sunday vs Magazine: Shūketsu! Chōjō Daikessen]]''
| ''[[Sunday vs Magazine: Shūketsu! Chōjō Daikessen]]''
⚫
| Konami
|
| [[Konami]]
| [[Hudson Soft]]
| [[Hudson Soft]]
| [[PlayStation Portable]]
| [[PlayStation Portable]]
Line 212: Line 212:


==Reception and legacy==
==Reception and legacy==
The manga was very popular, having sold over 20 million copies after its serialization.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sankei.jp.msn.com/entertainments/news/131125/ent13112511380003-n1.htm | script-title=ja:ちばてつやさん「あしたのジョー」 力石の死…描き進めていくうちに「これはもう生きていられない」と | date=2013-11-25 | work=[[Sankei Shimbun]] | publisher=[[MSN]] | access-date=2013-11-29 | language=ja | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128140909/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/entertainments/news/131125/ent13112511380003-n1.htm | archive-date=2013-11-28 }}</ref> Also, during its serialization, it was particularly popular with [[working-class]] people and college students who were involved in the [[New Left]], who saw themselves likewise struggling against the system like Joe Yabuki did and revered him as an icon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.otaquest.com/ashita-no-joe-retrospective/|title=50 Years of Yabuki Joe, the Working Class Hero|date=July 25, 2018|first=Jacob|last=Parker-Dalton|publisher=Otaquest|access-date= July 23, 2020}}</ref> An example of this New Left influence were the members of the [[Japanese Red Army]] who took part in the [[Yodogo hijacking]] in 1970 and compared themselves to Joe as they saw a revolutionary message in the manga. During the hijack, they shouted "We are tomorrow's Joe!".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/repo/ouka/all/75742/cac01_001.pdf | title=ジョー & 飛雄馬: 闘争の時代のヒーロー達 | publisher=Osaka University | date=March 28, 2009 | language=ja | access-date=November 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://business.nikkei.com/atcl/report/15/070300016/053000022/ | title=「よど号」は、なぜ金浦空港に降りたのか | date=January 1, 2016 | work=[[The Nikkei]] | language=ja | access-date=November 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/scoop/update/director/20101128_010.html | title=よど号ハイジャック事件 ～４０年目の真相～ ザ・スクープ | date=November 28, 2010 | publisher=TV Asahi | language=ja | access-date=November 14, 2020}}</ref>
The manga was very popular, having sold over 20 million copies after its serialization.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sankei.jp.msn.com/entertainments/news/131125/ent13112511380003-n1.htm| script-title=ja:ちばてつやさん「あしたのジョー」 力石の死…描き進めていくうちに「これはもう生きていられない」と|date=November 25, 2013|work=[[Sankei Shimbun]]|publisher=[[MSN]]|access-date=November 29, 2013|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128140909/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/entertainments/news/131125/ent13112511380003-n1.htm|archive-date=November 28, 2013}}</ref> Also, during its serialization, it was particularly popular with [[working-class]] people and college students who were involved in the [[New Left]], who saw themselves likewise struggling against the system like Joe Yabuki did and revered him as an icon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.otaquest.com/ashita-no-joe-retrospective/|title=50 Years of Yabuki Joe, the Working Class Hero|date=July 25, 2018|first=Jacob|last=Parker-Dalton|publisher=Otaquest|access-date=July 23, 2020|archive-date=July 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723144213/https://www.otaquest.com/ashita-no-joe-retrospective/|url-status=live}}</ref> An example of this New Left influence were the members of the [[Japanese Red Army]] who took part in the [[Yodogo hijacking]] in 1970 and compared themselves to Joe as they saw a revolutionary message in the manga. During the hijack, they shouted "We are tomorrow's Joe!".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/repo/ouka/all/75742/cac01_001.pdf|title=ジョー & 飛雄馬: 闘争の時代のヒーロー達|publisher=Osaka University|date=March 28, 2009|language=ja|access-date=November 14, 2020|archive-date=April 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413011842/https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/repo/ouka/all/75742/cac01_001.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://business.nikkei.com/atcl/report/15/070300016/053000022/|title=「よど号」は、なぜ金浦空港に降りたのか|date=January 1, 2016|work=[[The Nikkei]]|language=ja|access-date=November 14, 2020|archive-date=December 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204005104/https://business.nikkei.com/atcl/report/15/070300016/053000022/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/scoop/update/director/20101128_010.html|script-title=ja:よど号ハイジャック事件 ～４０年目の真相～ ザ・スクープ|date=November 28, 2010|publisher=TV Asahi|language=ja|access-date=November 14, 2020|archive-date=July 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702235207/https://www.tv-asahi.co.jp/scoop/update/director/20101128_010.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


''Tomorrow's Joe'' has received generally positive reviews, with many critics praising the story and characters. On October 13, 2006, it was voted "Japanese Favorite TV Anime" placing 4 out of 100 among celebrities votes.<ref>Japanese Anime Vote. "[http://pwws.tv-asahi.co.jp/anime100/contents/2006geinou/cur/ TV Asashi Voting] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505172418/http://pwws.tv-asahi.co.jp/anime100/contents/2006geinou/cur/ |date=2009-05-05 }}. " "Japanese Anime Vote." Retrieved on 2006-11-19.</ref> Joe Yabuki was ranked seventh in Mania Entertainment's "10 Most Iconic Anime Heroes", written by Thomas Zoth, who commented that, "Tomorrow's Joe captured the [[zeitgeist]] of 1960s Japan. The story of Joe's rise from nothing touched a chord with Japanese audiences, who were seeing their country prosper after a long period of postwar devastation."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mania.com/10-iconic-anime-heroes_article_119883.html |title=10 Most Iconic Anime Heroes |last=Zoth |first=Thomas |date=January 12, 2010 |publisher=Mania Entertainment |access-date=January 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006211256/http://www.mania.com/10-iconic-anime-heroes_article_119883.html |archive-date=October 6, 2012}}</ref> Anime News Network's reviewer Justin Sevakis analyzed the series, praising its story line but criticized some aspects about the first movie adaptation. He praised Joe's character development and his relationship with other boxers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/buried-treasure/2008-11-13/ashita-no-joe|title=Buried Treasure Ashita no Joe|publisher=Anime News Network|date=November 13, 2008|author=Sevakis, Justin|access-date=April 29, 2016}}</ref> According to ''The Japan Times''{{'}} Mark Schilling, the series "became the template for not only Fumihiko Sori's 2011 live-action film of the same title, but many Japanese sports movie and TV franchises."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2015/09/16/films/japan-lens-film-genres/#.VyN3FzHuoQJ|title=Japan through the lens of its film genres|publisher=The Japan Times|date=September 16, 2015|author=Schilling, Mark|access-date=April 29, 2016}}</ref>
''Tomorrow's Joe'' has received generally positive reviews, with many critics praising the story and characters. On October 13, 2006, it was voted "Japanese Favorite TV Anime" placing 4 out of 100 among celebrities votes.<ref>Japanese Anime Vote. "[http://pwws.tv-asahi.co.jp/anime100/contents/2006geinou/cur/ TV Asashi Voting] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505172418/http://pwws.tv-asahi.co.jp/anime100/contents/2006geinou/cur/|date=May 5, 2009}}. " "Japanese Anime Vote." Retrieved on 2006-11-19.</ref> Joe Yabuki was ranked seventh in Mania Entertainment's "10 Most Iconic Anime Heroes", written by Thomas Zoth, who commented that, "Tomorrow's Joe captured the [[zeitgeist]] of 1960s Japan. The story of Joe's rise from nothing touched a chord with Japanese audiences, who were seeing their country prosper after a long period of postwar devastation."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mania.com/10-iconic-anime-heroes_article_119883.html|title=10 Most Iconic Anime Heroes|last=Zoth|first=Thomas|date=January 12, 2010|publisher=Mania Entertainment|access-date=January 22, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006211256/http://www.mania.com/10-iconic-anime-heroes_article_119883.html|archive-date=October 6, 2012}}</ref> Anime News Network's reviewer Justin Sevakis analyzed the series, praising its story line but criticized some aspects about the first movie adaptation. He praised Joe's character development and his relationship with other boxers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/buried-treasure/2008-11-13/ashita-no-joe|title=Buried Treasure Ashita no Joe|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=November 13, 2008|author=Sevakis, Justin|access-date=April 29, 2016|archive-date=April 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407055630/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/buried-treasure/2008-11-13/ashita-no-joe|url-status=live}}</ref> According to ''The Japan Times''{{'}} Mark Schilling, the series "became the template for not only Fumihiko Sori's 2011 live-action film of the same title, but many Japanese sports movie and TV franchises."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2015/09/16/films/japan-lens-film-genres/#.VyN3FzHuoQJ|title=Japan through the lens of its film genres|publisher=The Japan Times|date=September 16, 2015|author=Schilling, Mark|access-date=April 29, 2016|archive-date=April 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426135852/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2015/09/16/films/japan-lens-film-genres#.VyN3FzHuoQJ|url-status=live}}</ref>


''Tomorrow's Joe'' has been considered one of the most influential manga, with many anime and manga referencing it.<ref name="ann-mike-toole">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/the-mike-toole-show/2018-05-13/.131505|title=The Mike Toole Show: Yo Joe!|publisher=Anime News Network|date=May 13, 2018|author=Toole,Mike|access-date=April 12, 2020}}</ref> For the animated adaptation of the manga ''[[Naruto]]'', animator Atsushi Wakabayashi from Pierrot said he was influenced by ''Tomorrow's Joe''. This was mostly because the staff members were fans of the series and felt the character [[Naruto Uzumaki]] to be close to the type of archetype they rooted for when watching the series. As a result, Wakabayashi and the rest of the staff members made Naruto stand out in episode 133 where there was too much focus in his fight against [[Sasuke Uchiha]], whom he shared an intense rivalry.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Newtype|title=Newtype Shonen|publisher=Kadokawa Shoten|date=August 2005}}</ref> The opening sequence of Osamu Dezaki's film also influenced anime director [[Gorō Taniguchi]] during the production of ''[[Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://manga.tokyo/interview/interview-with-code-geass-lelouch-of-the-resurrection-director-goro-taniguchi/|title=Interview with Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection Director Goro Taniguchi|access-date=November 21, 2020|website=Manga Tokyo|date=23 February 2019}}</ref> Joe was also a major influence in [[Kyo Kusanagi]], the main character of [[SNK]]'s [[fighting game]] series, ''[[The King of Fighters]]''.<ref name="AAKOF94">{{cite book|title=All About The King of Fighters '94 (ザ・キング・オブ・ファイターズ'94)|work=[[:ja:マイコンBASICマガジン|Micom BASIC Magazine]]|volume=7|series=[[:ja:ALL ABOUTシリーズ#ALL ABOUTシリーズ（スタジオベントスタッフ編著）|All About]]|publisher=[[:ja:電波新聞社|The Dempa Shimbunsha Corporation]]|date=25 December 1994|language=ja}} ([http://shmuplations.com/kof94/ Translation] by Shmuplations. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424230619/http://shmuplations.com/kof94/|date=2020-04-24}}).</ref> Anime director [[Kenji Kamiyama]], most known for the ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex]]'' series, cited the original anime among the 15 best anime of all time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.madman.com.au/news/kenji-kamiyama-interview/ |title=Madman interviews Kenji Kamiyama |date=September 17, 2013 |publisher=[[Madman Entertainment]] |access-date=August 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045547/http://www.madman.com.au/news/kenji-kamiyama-interview/ |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
''Tomorrow's Joe'' has been considered one of the most influential manga, with many anime and manga referencing it.<ref name="ann-mike-toole">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/the-mike-toole-show/2018-05-13/.131505|title=The Mike Toole Show: Yo Joe!|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=May 13, 2018|author=Toole,Mike|access-date=April 12, 2020|archive-date=April 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412075507/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/the-mike-toole-show/2018-05-13/.131505|url-status=live}}</ref> For the animated adaptation of the manga ''[[Naruto]]'', animator Atsushi Wakabayashi from Pierrot said he was influenced by ''Tomorrow's Joe''. This was mostly because the staff members were fans of the series and felt the character [[Naruto Uzumaki]] to be close to the type of archetype they rooted for when watching the series. As a result, Wakabayashi and the rest of the staff members made Naruto stand out in episode 133 where there was too much focus in his fight against [[Sasuke Uchiha]], whom he shared an intense rivalry.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=Newtype|title=Newtype Shonen|publisher=Kadokawa Shoten|date=August 2005}}</ref> The opening sequence of Osamu Dezaki's film also influenced anime director [[Gorō Taniguchi]] during the production of ''[[Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://manga.tokyo/interview/interview-with-code-geass-lelouch-of-the-resurrection-director-goro-taniguchi/|title=Interview with Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection Director Goro Taniguchi|access-date=November 21, 2020|website=Manga Tokyo|date=February 23, 2019|archive-date=October 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003082851/https://manga.tokyo/interview/interview-with-code-geass-lelouch-of-the-resurrection-director-goro-taniguchi/|url-status=live}}</ref> Joe was also a major influence in [[Kyo Kusanagi]], the main character of [[SNK]]'s [[fighting game]] series, ''[[The King of Fighters]]''.<ref name="AAKOF94">{{cite book|title=All About The King of Fighters '94 (ザ・キング・オブ・ファイターズ'94)|volume=7|series={{ill|All About (book series)|lt=All About|ja|ALL ABOUTシリーズ#ALL ABOUTシリーズ（スタジオベントスタッフ編著）}}|publisher={{ill|The Dempa Shimbunsha Corporation|ja|電波新聞社}}|date=December 25, 1994|language=ja}} ([http://shmuplations.com/kof94/ Translation] by Shmuplations. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424230619/http://shmuplations.com/kof94/|date=April 24, 2020}}).</ref> Anime director [[Kenji Kamiyama]], most known for the ''[[Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex]]'' series, cited the original anime among the 15 best anime of all time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.madman.com.au/news/kenji-kamiyama-interview/|title=Madman interviews Kenji Kamiyama|date=September 17, 2013|publisher=[[Madman Entertainment]]|access-date=August 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045547/http://www.madman.com.au/news/kenji-kamiyama-interview/|archive-date=August 8, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
*[http://chibapro.co.jp/ Chiba Tetsuya's Official Site]
* [http://chibapro.co.jp/ Chiba Tetsuya's official website]
*{{anime News Network|manga|3345}}
* {{Anime News Network|manga|3345}}


{{Ashita no Joe}}
{{Ashita no Joe}}
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[[Category:Animated films based on manga]]
[[Category:Boxing in anime and manga]]
[[Category:Boxing in anime and manga]]
[[Category:Discotek Media]]
[[Category:Crunchyroll anime]]
[[Category:Fuji TV original programming]]
[[Category:Fuji Television original programming]]
[[Category:Gekiga]]
[[Category:Gekiga]]
[[Category:Ikki Kajiwara]]
[[Category:Ikki Kajiwara]]
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[[Category:Kodansha manga]]
[[Category:Kodansha manga]]
[[Category:Manga adapted into films]]
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[[Category:Nippon TV original programming]]
[[Category:Nippon Television original programming]]
[[Category:Shōnen manga]]
[[Category:Shōnen manga]]
[[Category:Television shows written by Eriko Shinozaki]]
[[Category:Television shows written by Eriko Shinozaki]]

Latest revision as of 17:01, 5 December 2024

Tomorrow's Joe
Cover of the first tankōbon volume, featuring Joe Yabuki (left) and Tooru Rikiishi (right)
あしたのジョー
(Ashita no Joe)
GenreSports[1]
Manga
Written byAsao Takamori
Illustrated byTetsuya Chiba
Published byKodansha
English publisher
MagazineWeekly Shōnen Magazine
DemographicShōnen
Original runJanuary 1, 1968 – May 13, 1973
Volumes20 (List of volumes)
Anime television series
Directed byOsamu Dezaki
Produced by
  • Koji Tomioka
  • Tatsuo Ikeuchi
  • Tadami Watanabe
  • Takaharu Bessho
Music byMasao Yagi
StudioMushi Production
Licensed by
Original networkFNS (Fuji TV)
Original run April 1, 1970 – September 29, 1971
Episodes79
Anime film
Directed by
  • Yōichirō Fukuda
  • Osamu Dezaki (chief director)
Produced byHisao Masuda
Written byYōichirō Fukuda
Music byKunihiko Suzuki
Studio
Licensed by
ReleasedMarch 8, 1980
Runtime152 minutes
Anime television series
Tomorrow's Joe 2
Directed byOsamu Dezaki
Produced by
  • Seiji Takahashi
  • Shunzo Kato
Written by
Music byIchiro Araki
StudioTokyo Movie Shinsha
Original networkNNS (NTV)
Original run October 13, 1980 – August 31, 1981
Episodes47
Anime film
Tomorrow's Joe 2
Directed byOsamu Dezaki
Produced byTokuhachi Shimada
Written by
  • Atsushi Yamatoya
  • Haruya Yamazaki
  • Hideo Takayashiki
  • Osamu Dezaki
  • Yoshimi Shinozaki
Music byIchiro Araki
Studio
  • Herald Enterprise
  • Fujifilm
  • Chiba Planning
  • Tokyo Movie Shinsha
Licensed by
ReleasedJuly 4, 1981
Runtime114 minutes
Live action films
  • Tomorrow's Joe (1970)
  • Tomorrow's Joe (2011)
Related

Tomorrow's Joe (Japanese: あしたのジョー, Hepburn: Ashita no Jō, lit. 'Tomorrow's Joe'), also known as Ashita no Joe: Fighting for Tomorrow, is a Japanese boxing manga series written by Asao Takamori and illustrated by Tetsuya Chiba. It follows drifter Joe Yabuki, who discovers a passion for boxing in a juvenile prison, and his rise through Japan's and the global boxing scene.

Tomorrow's Joe was serialized in Kodansha's Weekly Shonen Magazine from 1968 to 1973, with its chapters collected in 20 tankōbon volumes. During its serialization, it was popular with working-class people and college students in Japan. It has been adapted into various media, including the Megalo Box anime, a futuristic reimagining of the original that was made as a part of the 50th anniversary of Tomorrow's Joe.

The manga has been widely influential, with numerous anime and manga referencing it.

Plot

[edit]
See also: List of Ashita no Joe characters

Joe Yabuki, a young drifter, has a chance encounter with alcoholic former boxing trainer Danpei Tange while wandering through the San'ya slums. Recognizing his talent, Danpei trains Joe as a boxer, but Joe is arrested for fraud. He fights Nishi Kanichi, the leader of a group of hooligans, in temporary jail, and the two are transferred to a juvenile detention center. There, Joe meets Tōru Rikiishi, a former boxing prodigy, and they develop a rivalry after Rikiishi prevents him from escaping. The prison sets up a boxing tournament led by Danpei and funded by millionaire Mikinosuke Shiraki and his daughter Yoko. Rikiishi dominates Joe in the final until the latter hits a cross-counter, resulting in a double knockout. Feeling that the match did not resolve anything, Joe and Rikiishi vow to fight again as professional boxers.

Upon his release from prison, Joe joins Danpei's new tiny boxing gym together with Nishi. Joe gains popularity as an amateur boxer for his brawling style and trademark cross-counter KO wins, but he is denied a professional license until provoking champion boxer Wolf Kanagushi. Joe performs a triple cross counter on Wolf to win their match, and earns the right to fight Rikiishi in the professional ring.

Rikiishi is assured a promising career funded by Mikinosuke Shiraki, but is intent on settling his score with Joe. Because he is a featherweight, while Joe is a bantamweight, Rikiishi undergoes a taxing weight loss program. Their match is close. Rikiishi knocks Joe out in the 8th round to win, but later dies from the combined effects of weight loss and a brain hemorrhage sustained during the fight.

Joe is traumatized by Rikiishi's death. Danpei realizes that Joe is unable to deliver headshots to his opponents. Joe loses three straight fights and eventually disappears to join an illegal countryside boxing ring. He returns to fight global sixth ranked fighter Carlos Rivera. Carlos is managed by Yoko, who, having become interested in Joe, has taken over her father's gym. The fight devolves into a brawl, but Joe earns tremendous fame and respect, and he and Carlos become friends. Carlos is later knocked out in the first round by world champion José Mendoza and suffers severe brain damage.

After his fight with Carlos, Joe becomes recognized as a world ranked boxer. He struggles with maintaining bantam weight due to a late growth spurt, forcing him to undergo strenuous weight loss similar to what Rikiishi underwent. He defeats OPBF Champion Kim Yong-bi, a South Korean boxer and survivor of the Korean War, and proceeds to win several title defenses. Meanwhile, Yoko has secured the rights for Mendoza's next title defense. Fearing that Joe has lost his fighting instincts, she forces him to face Malaysian fighter Harimau before he can challenge Mendoza. Joe narrowly wins the fight.

The fight against Mendoza is to be held in a packed Tokyo stadium. Before the fight, Yoko discovers that Joe is suffering from punch-drunk syndrome. She attempts to cancel the match, confessing her love for him, but he refuses.

Mendoza dominates the early rounds, and Joe loses his vision in one eye. Initially composed, Mendoza begins losing his mind as Joe continues to hold on no matter how much damage he takes. Joe manages to knock down Mendoza several times. The match eventually goes all fifteen rounds. Joe hands Yoko his gloves, and tells Danpei that everything has "burnt to ashes." Mendoza is declared the winner by points, but his hair has turned white from the trauma of the fight. Danpei turns to console Joe only to find him sitting unresponsive in his chair, with a smile on his face.

It has long been debated whether Joe died in the ending. Artist Chiba stated that he drew the ending at the last minute, and that Takamori's original ending was different.[2] Takamori stated in a 1979 biography that Joe died, while Chiba has refused to directly comment, hinting that Joe may have survived.[3] In a 2001 interview, forensic pathologist Masahiko Ueno concluded that Joe had to be alive in the final panel to remain upright.[4]

Media

[edit]

Manga

[edit]
Main article: List of Ashita no Joe manga volumes

Tomorrow's Joe originally serialized in the shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine from January 1, 1968, to May 13, 1973. It was collected into 20 tankōbon volumes by Kodansha. Most of the chapters of the manga were reprinted in Shukan Gendai from March 2, 2009, to the year end.[5]

In February 2024, Kodansha USA announced that they had licensed the manga for English release in North America. They will release it digitally and in eight oversized hardcover volumes, starting in December of the same year.[6]

Anime

[edit]

TV series

[edit]

Mushi Productions produced an anime television series based on the first 14 volumes of Tomorrow's Joe. It was broadcast in Japan by Fuji TV from April 1, 1970, to September 29, 1971. A second anime television series, which started from volume 9 and covered the rest of the series, was made by TMS Entertainment and was broadcast by Nippon TV from October 13, 1980, to August 31, 1981. Both anime were directed by Osamu Dezaki. On March 2, 2005, the complete version of the first anime was released by Nippon Columbia on 2 DVD box sets, covering 33 hours and 55 minutes of footage across 79 episodes spanning 16 disks. It also includes an all-color explanation book in 3 volumes totaling 120 pages. Previous release formats include mini-box sets on September 21, 2001, and individual discs on September 21, 2002.[7] Crunchyroll began streaming the second anime from March 24, 2014, under the name Champion Joe 2.[8]

Crunchyroll began streaming the series in November 2024.[9]

In 2018, Megalobox, a futuristic reimagining of the original, was released as part of the manga's 50th anniversary. The series being the final concept of many initial ideas from director Moriyama, one concept being for the story to be based around Rikiishi Toru, Joe's fated rival and lifelong friend.[10]

Films

[edit]

Edited versions of the two anime series were distributed as anime films by Nippon Herald Films on March 8, 1980, and July 4, 1981, respectively. Tai Seng released the first anime film in the United States on DVD in 2008, under the name Champion Joe. Discotek Media later released Champion Joe on Blu-Ray.[7]

The first film Tomorrow's Joe earned a distributor rental income of ¥500 million at the Japanese box office in 1980.[11]

Live-action films

[edit]

A live-action film based on the manga was released in 1970 in Japan, featuring Shōji Ishibashi as Joe Yabuki, Ryūtarō Tatsumi as Danpei Tange and Seiichirō Kameishi as Tōru Rikiishi.

The second live-action film adaptation premiered in Japan on February 11, 2011, starring Tomohisa Yamashita as Joe Yabuki, Teruyuki Kagawa as Danpei and Yūsuke Iseya as Tōru Rikiishi. The live-action film also received positive response from Hollywood Reporter's Maggie Lee who praised the cast's boxing but criticized the characterization of Danpei and Yoko.[12] Russell Edwards from Variety enjoyed the director's work and, like Lee, enjoyed the work of the leading actors.[13] The film grossed ¥1.1 billion ($14 million) at the Japanese box office in 2011.[14]

Stage play

[edit]

A stage play directed by Eiichi Yogi, ran from May 25 to May 29, 2016, at the Sumida Park Studio Kura theatre in Tokyo.[15]

Radio drama

[edit]

A radio drama was broadcast by TBS Radio from October 3 to October 28, 1977, for 20 episodes, featuring Yoshito Yasuhara as Joe Yabuki.

Video games

[edit]
Title Publisher Developer Platform Release Date
Tomorrow's Joe CSK Filcom PC-8801, FM-7 July 1983
Tomorrow's Joe Taito Wave Corp Arcade 1990
Legend of Success Joe SNK Wave Corp Neo Geo 1991
Tomorrow's Joe K Amusement Leasing Wave Corp SNES November 27, 1992
Boxing Mania: Tomorrow's Joe Konami Arcade 2001
Tomorrow's Joe Touchi: Typing Namida Hashi Sunsoft Sunsoft PlayStation 2 March 29, 2001
Tomorrow's Joe 2: The Anime Super Remix Capcom Capcom PlayStation 2 June 20, 2002
Tomorrow's Joe Masshiro ni Moe Tsukiro! Konami PlayStation 2 December 4, 2003
Tomorrow's Joe Makkani Moeagare! Konami Game Boy Advance December 4, 2003
Sunday vs Magazine: Shūketsu! Chōjō Daikessen Konami Hudson Soft PlayStation Portable March 26, 2009

Reception and legacy

[edit]

The manga was very popular, having sold over 20 million copies after its serialization.[16] Also, during its serialization, it was particularly popular with working-class people and college students who were involved in the New Left, who saw themselves likewise struggling against the system like Joe Yabuki did and revered him as an icon.[17] An example of this New Left influence were the members of the Japanese Red Army who took part in the Yodogo hijacking in 1970 and compared themselves to Joe as they saw a revolutionary message in the manga. During the hijack, they shouted "We are tomorrow's Joe!".[18][19][20]

Tomorrow's Joe has received generally positive reviews, with many critics praising the story and characters. On October 13, 2006, it was voted "Japanese Favorite TV Anime" placing 4 out of 100 among celebrities votes.[21] Joe Yabuki was ranked seventh in Mania Entertainment's "10 Most Iconic Anime Heroes", written by Thomas Zoth, who commented that, "Tomorrow's Joe captured the zeitgeist of 1960s Japan. The story of Joe's rise from nothing touched a chord with Japanese audiences, who were seeing their country prosper after a long period of postwar devastation."[22] Anime News Network's reviewer Justin Sevakis analyzed the series, praising its story line but criticized some aspects about the first movie adaptation. He praised Joe's character development and his relationship with other boxers.[23] According to The Japan Times' Mark Schilling, the series "became the template for not only Fumihiko Sori's 2011 live-action film of the same title, but many Japanese sports movie and TV franchises."[24]

Tomorrow's Joe has been considered one of the most influential manga, with many anime and manga referencing it.[25] For the animated adaptation of the manga Naruto, animator Atsushi Wakabayashi from Pierrot said he was influenced by Tomorrow's Joe. This was mostly because the staff members were fans of the series and felt the character Naruto Uzumaki to be close to the type of archetype they rooted for when watching the series. As a result, Wakabayashi and the rest of the staff members made Naruto stand out in episode 133 where there was too much focus in his fight against Sasuke Uchiha, whom he shared an intense rivalry.[26] The opening sequence of Osamu Dezaki's film also influenced anime director Gorō Taniguchi during the production of Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection.[27] Joe was also a major influence in Kyo Kusanagi, the main character of SNK's fighting game series, The King of Fighters.[28] Anime director Kenji Kamiyama, most known for the Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex series, cited the original anime among the 15 best anime of all time.[29]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ashita no Joe Film to Screen in France, Southeast Asia". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on May 13, 2023. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  2. ^ ""We don't read, We FEEL it." – Tetsuya Chiba Interview". Archived from the original on December 24, 2016. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  3. ^ "Did Joe Yabuki die? It's unclear but there are some comments by creators". October 21, 2018. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved January 31, 2022.
  4. ^ Kamba, Ryosuke (December 15, 2017). 「あしたのジョーは生きている」 連載開始から半世紀、法医学者が鑑定 (in Japanese). BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on March 21, 2024. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
  5. ^ Kyodo News (February 12, 2009). "Ashita no Joe makes a comeback". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  6. ^ Mateo, Alex (February 22, 2024). "Kodansha to Publish 1st Official English Release of Ashita no Joe Manga". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  7. ^ a b "Discotek Licenses Cyborg 009 The Cyborg Soldier, Tomorrow's Joe, Project ARMS, NieA_7, Lupin III: The Legend of the Gold of Babylon". Anime News Network. August 13, 2017. Archived from the original on July 1, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
  8. ^ "Crunchyroll Adds "Champion Joe 2" Anime and "GTO Taiwan" Drama". Crunchyroll. March 22, 2014. Archived from the original on June 12, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  9. ^ Mateo, Alex (November 14, 2024). "Crunchyroll Adds Ashita no Joe Anime". Anime News Network. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  10. ^ Parker-Dalton, Jacob (April 30, 2018). "Origins of 'Megalo Box' Revealed in 'Ashita no Joe' Exhibition". Otaquest. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 4, 2020.
  11. ^ Isao Taniguchi; Hajime Asō (2017). 図解入門業界研究最新ｱﾆﾒ業界の動向とｶﾗｸﾘがよ〜くわかる本 [Introductory Illustrated Industry Research A book that gives a good understanding of the latest trends and karakuri in the animation industry] (in Japanese) (2nd ed.). Japan: Shuwa System [ja]. p. 24. ISBN 978-4-7980-5038-6. Archived from the original on February 22, 2024. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
  12. ^ Lee, Maggie (April 28, 2011). "Tomorrow's Joe (Ashita No Joe): Film Review". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 2, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
  13. ^ Edwards, Russell (April 28, 2011). "Review: 'Tomorrow's Joe'". Variety. Archived from the original on June 2, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
  14. ^ "2011". Eiren. Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Archived from the original on July 17, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
  15. ^ "Tetsuya Chiba's Ashita no Joe Manga Gets Stage Play Adaptation". Anime News Network. November 30, 2015. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
  16. ^ ちばてつやさん「あしたのジョー」 力石の死…描き進めていくうちに「これはもう生きていられない」と. Sankei Shimbun (in Japanese). MSN. November 25, 2013. Archived from the original on November 28, 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
  17. ^ Parker-Dalton, Jacob (July 25, 2018). "50 Years of Yabuki Joe, the Working Class Hero". Otaquest. Archived from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  18. ^ "ジョー & 飛雄馬: 闘争の時代のヒーロー達" (PDF) (in Japanese). Osaka University. March 28, 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
  19. ^ "「よど号」は、なぜ金浦空港に降りたのか". The Nikkei (in Japanese). January 1, 2016. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
  20. ^ よど号ハイジャック事件 ～４０年目の真相～ ザ・スクープ (in Japanese). TV Asahi. November 28, 2010. Archived from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
  21. ^ Japanese Anime Vote. "TV Asashi Voting Archived May 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. " "Japanese Anime Vote." Retrieved on 2006-11-19.
  22. ^ Zoth, Thomas (January 12, 2010). "10 Most Iconic Anime Heroes". Mania Entertainment. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2010.
  23. ^ Sevakis, Justin (November 13, 2008). "Buried Treasure Ashita no Joe". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on April 7, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
  24. ^ Schilling, Mark (September 16, 2015). "Japan through the lens of its film genres". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on April 26, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
  25. ^ Toole,Mike (May 13, 2018). "The Mike Toole Show: Yo Joe!". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  26. ^ "Newtype Shonen". Newtype. Kadokawa Shoten. August 2005.
  27. ^ "Interview with Code Geass: Lelouch of the Re;surrection Director Goro Taniguchi". Manga Tokyo. February 23, 2019. Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
  28. ^ All About The King of Fighters '94 (ザ・キング・オブ・ファイターズ'94). All About [ja] (in Japanese). Vol. 7. The Dempa Shimbunsha Corporation [ja]. December 25, 1994. (Translation by Shmuplations. Archived April 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine).
  29. ^ "Madman interviews Kenji Kamiyama". Madman Entertainment. September 17, 2013. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
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