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{{Short description|English astronomer, chemist and photographer}}
{{Redirect|William Abney|}}
{{Redirect|William Abney|}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2016}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney<br><small>[[Order of the Bath|KCB]], [[Royal Society|FRS]]</small>
|name = Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney
|honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Bath|KCB]] [[Royal Society|FRS]] [[Royal Society of Edinburgh|FRSE]]
|image = William de Wiveleslie Abney.jpg
|image = William de Wiveleslie Abney.jpg
|image_size = 220px
|caption = William de Wiveleslie Abney
|caption = William de Wiveleslie Abney
|birth_date = 24 July 1843
|birth_date = 24 July 1843
|birth_place = [[Derby, England]], UK
|birth_place = [[Derby, England]]
|death_date = 3 December 1920 (aged 77)
|death_date = 3 December 1920 (aged 77)
|death_place = [[Folkestone]], [[England]], UK
|death_place = [[Folkestone]], England
|residence =
|residence =
|citizenship =
|citizenship =
⚫
|field = Astronomy<br />Chemistry<br />Photography
|nationality = [[England|English]]
⚫
|field = Astronomy<br/>Chemistry<br/>Photography
|known_for = [[Photography]]
|known_for = [[Photography]]
|awards = [[Rumford Medal]] {{small|(1882)}}
|awards = [[Rumford Medal]] {{small|(1882)}}
}}
}}


'''Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|KCB|FRS|FRSE}} (24 July 1843 – 3 December 1920) was an [[England|English]] [[astronomer]], [[chemist]], and [[photographer]].
'''Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KCB|FRS|FRSE}} (24 July 1843 – 3 December 1920) was an [[England|English]] [[astronomer]], [[chemist]], and [[photographer]].


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
Abney was born in [[Derby, England]], the son of Edward Abney (1811–1892), vicar of [[St Alkmund's Church, Derby]], and owner of the [[Firs Estate School Derby|Firs Estate]]. He attended [[Rossall School]], the [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich]] and joined the [[Royal Engineers]] in 1861, with whom he served in [[India]] for several years. Thereafter, and to further his knowledge in photography, he became a chemical assistant at the [[Royal School of Military Engineering|Chatham School of Military Engineering]].
Abney was born in [[Derby, England]], the son of Rev. Edward Henry Abney (1811–1892), vicar of [[St Alkmund's Church, Derby]], and his wife, Catharine Strutt. His father was owner of the [[Firs Estate School Derby|Firs Estate]]. William was educated at [[Rossall School]], the [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich]], and joined the [[Royal Engineers]] in 1861, with which he served in [[India]] for several years. Thereafter, and to further his knowledge in photography, he became a chemical assistant at the [[Royal School of Military Engineering|Chatham School of Military Engineering]].


Abney was a pioneer of several technical aspects of [[photography]]. His father had been an early photographic experimenter and friend of [[Richard Keene]], an early Derby photographer. Keene became a close friend of William and his brother Charles Edward Abney (1850–1914). Both Abney sons subsequently became founder members of the Derby Photographic Society in June 1884.<ref>Craven, Maxwell (1993). Keene's Derby. Breedon Books. pp. 13–14. {{ISBN|1-873626-60-6}}.</ref> His endeavors in the [[chemistry]] of photography produced useful photographic products and also developments in astronomy. He wrote many books on photography that were considered standard texts at the time, although he was doubtful that his improvements would have a great impact on the subject.
Abney was a pioneer of several technical aspects of [[photography]]. His father had been an early photographic experimenter and friend of [[Richard Keene]], an early Derby photographer. Keene became a close friend of William and his brother Charles Edward Abney (1850–1914). Both Abney sons subsequently became founder members of the Derby Photographic Society in June 1884.<ref>Craven, Maxwell (1993). Keene's Derby. Breedon Books. pp. 13–14. {{ISBN|1-873626-60-6}}.</ref> His endeavors in the [[chemistry]] of photography produced useful photographic products and also developments in astronomy. He wrote many books on photography that were considered standard texts at the time, although he was doubtful that his improvements would have a great impact on the subject.


Abney investigated the blackening of a negative to incidental light. In 1874, Abney developed a dry photographic [[emulsion]], which replaced "wet" emulsions. He used this emulsion in an [[Egypt]]ian expedition to photograph the transit of [[Venus]] across the [[sun]]. In 1880, he introduced [[hydroquinone]]. Abney also introduced new and useful types of photographic paper, including in 1882 a formula for gelatin [[silver chloride]] paper. He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1876.
Abney investigated the blackening of a negative to incidental light. In 1874, Abney developed a dry photographic [[emulsion]], which replaced "wet" emulsions. He used this emulsion in an [[Egypt]]ian expedition to photograph the transit of [[Venus]] across the sun. In 1880, he introduced [[hydroquinone]]. Abney also introduced new and useful types of photographic paper, including in 1882 a formula for gelatin [[silver chloride]] paper. He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1876.


Abney conducted early research into the field of [[spectroscopy]], developing a red-sensitive emulsion which was used for the [[infrared]] [[Electromagnetic spectrum|spectra]] of [[organic molecule]]s. He was also a pioneer in photographing the [[infrared]] [[Sun|solar]] [[Absorption spectrum|spectrum]] (1887), as well as researching [[sunlight]] in the medium of the atmosphere.
Abney conducted early research into the field of [[spectroscopy]], developing a red-sensitive emulsion which was used for the [[infrared]] [[Electromagnetic spectrum|spectra]] of [[organic molecule]]s. He was also a pioneer in photographing the [[infrared]] [[Sun|solar]] [[Absorption spectrum|spectrum]] (1887), as well as researching [[sunlight]] in the medium of the atmosphere.


In 1893 he inherited [[Measham|Meashan Hall]] from a rich aunt.
⚫
He became assistant secretary to the Board of Education in 1899 and advisor to that body in 1903.<ref>[[Chambers Biographical Dictionary]], {{ISBN|0-550-18022-2}}, page 5</ref> In 1900 he was Director of the Science and Art Department. He sold his father's estate, most of which went for housing in the [[St Luke's Parish Derby|St Luke's Parish]] of Derby, but retained 11 acres until 1913 when they were purchased by the [[Local government in the United Kingdom|Council]] to become the site of [[Rykneld Secondary Modern School Derby|Rykneld Secondary Modern School]] and Rykneld [[recreation ground]].[https://web.archive.org/web/20110204154142/http://www.derby.gov.uk/LeisureCulture/ParksRecreation/Rykneldrec.htm]

⚫
He became assistant secretary to the Board of Education in 1899 and advisor to that body in 1903.<ref>[[Chambers Biographical Dictionary]], {{ISBN|0-550-18022-2}}, page 5</ref> In 1900 he was Director of the Science and Art Department. He sold his father's estate, most of which went for housing in the [[St Luke's Parish Derby|St Luke's Parish]] of Derby, but retained 11 acres until 1913 when they were purchased by the [[Local government in the United Kingdom|Council]] to become the site of [[Rykneld Secondary Modern School Derby|Rykneld Secondary Modern School]] and Rykneld [[recreation ground]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derby.gov.uk/LeisureCulture/ParksRecreation/Rykneldrec.htm |title=Rykneld Recreational Ground |website=www.derby.gov.uk |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204154142/http://www.derby.gov.uk/LeisureCulture/ParksRecreation/Rykneldrec.htm |archive-date=4 February 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


Abney invented the "[[Abney level]]", a combined [[clinometer]] and [[spirit level]], used by [[Surveyor (surveying)|surveyor]]s to measure [[slope]]s and [[angle]]s. He was responsible for the "[[Abney mounting]]" of a [[concave grating spectrograph]] in which the photographic plate was fixed and the entry slit moved to accommodate different regions of the [[spectrum]].
Abney invented the "[[Abney level]]", a combined [[clinometer]] and [[spirit level]], used by [[Surveyor (surveying)|surveyor]]s to measure [[slope]]s and [[angle]]s. He was responsible for the "[[Abney mounting]]" of a [[concave grating spectrograph]] in which the photographic plate was fixed and the entry slit moved to accommodate different regions of the [[spectrum]].


He died in [[Folkestone]], [[England]]. He had married twice: firstly Agnes Matilda Smith (died 1888), and secondly Mary Louisa Mead.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Abney, William de Wiveleslie|journal=Who's Who|year=1920|page= 5|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3452408;view=1up;seq=57}}</ref>
He died on 3 December 1920 in [[Folkestone]], [[England]]. He is buried in the churchyard of Holy Trinity Church in Folkestone.
==Family==
He had married twice: firstly in 1864 to Agnes Matilda Smith (died 1888) with whom he had a son and two daughters, and secondly in 1890 to Mary Louisa Mead with whom he had a further daughter.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Abney, William de Wiveleslie|journal=Who's Who|year=1920|page= 5|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3452408;view=1up;seq=57}}</ref>


==Publications==
==Publications==
* ''Chemistry for Engineers'', 1870.
* ''Chemistry for Engineers'', 1870.
* ''[https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/abney1876 Thebes and its five greater temples]'', London, published by Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1876.
* W. de W. Abney, ''[https://archive.org/details/instructioninph00abnegoog Instruction in Photography]'', London, published by S. Low, Marston & company, 1900.
* W. de W. Abney, ''[https://archive.org/details/instructioninph00abnegoog Instruction in Photography]'', London, published by S. Low, Marston & company, 1900.
* ''A New Developer'', Photographic News, 1880, '''24''':345.
* ''[https://archive.org/details/photographicnews24unse/page/344/mode/2up A New Developer]'', The Photographic News, 1880, '''24''':345-346.
* W. de W. Abney and [[E. R. Festing]], [https://www.jstor.org/stable/114812 Intensity of Radiation through Turbid Media], ''[[Proceedings of the Royal Society of London]]'', Volume 40, pages 378–380, 1886. Published by [[The Royal Society]].
* W. de W. Abney and [[E. R. Festing]], [https://www.jstor.org/stable/114812 Intensity of Radiation through Turbid Media], ''[[Proceedings of the Royal Society of London]]'', Volume 40, pages 378–380, 1886. Published by [[The Royal Society]].
* W. de W. Abney and E. R. Festing, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/115174 Colour Photometry. Part III].''[[Proceedings of the Royal Society of London]]'', Volume 50, pages 369–372, 1891–1892. Published by The Royal Society.
* W. de W. Abney and E. R. Festing, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/115174 Colour Photometry. Part III].''[[Proceedings of the Royal Society of London]]'', Volume 50, pages 369–372, 1891–1892. Published by The Royal Society.
Line 46: Line 53:
==Organizations and honours==
==Organizations and honours==
*1876 [[Fellow of the Royal Society]]
*1876 [[Fellow of the Royal Society]]
*1878 Received first [[Progress Medal (RPS)|Progress Medal]] of the [[Photographic Society of Great Britain]] ever<ref name="RPS_2011_Progress_Medal_1878">Royal Photographic Society. ''Progress medal''. Web-page listing people, who have received this medal since 1878 ([http://www.rps.org/annual-awards/Progress-medal]): "Instituted in 1878, this medal is awarded in recognition of any invention, research, publication or other contribution which has resulted in an important advance in the scientific or technological development of photography or imaging in the widest sense. This award also carries with it an Honorary Fellowship of The Society. […] 1878 W de W Abney […]"</ref>
*1878 Received first [[Progress Medal (RPS)|Progress Medal]] of the [[Photographic Society of Great Britain]] ever<ref name="RPS_2011_Progress_Medal_1878">Royal Photographic Society. ''Progress medal''. Web-page listing people, who have received this medal since 1878 ([http://www.rps.org/annual-awards/Progress-medal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822030453/http://www.rps.org/annual-awards/Progress-Medal |date=22 August 2012 }}): "Instituted in 1878, this medal is awarded in recognition of any invention, research, publication or other contribution which has resulted in an important advance in the scientific or technological development of photography or imaging in the widest sense. This award also carries with it an Honorary Fellowship of The Society. […] 1878 W de W Abney […]"</ref>
*1885 [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
*1885 [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
*1892 to 1894, 1896 and 1903 to 1905 President of the Photographic Society of Great Britain aka [[Royal Photographic Society]]
*1892 to 1894, 1896 and 1903 to 1905 President of the Photographic Society of Great Britain aka [[Royal Photographic Society]]
Line 52: Line 59:
*1895 to 1897 President of the [[Physical Society of London]]
*1895 to 1897 President of the [[Physical Society of London]]
* '''CB''' : Companion of the [[Order of the Bath]]
* '''CB''' : Companion of the [[Order of the Bath]]
* '''KCB''': Knight Commander (civil division) of the [[Order of the Bath]] (KCB) - announced in the [[1900 New Year Honours]] honours list on ''1 January 1900'',<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=New Year Honours |day_of_week=Monday |date=1 January 1900 |page_number=9 |issue=36027| }}</ref> gazetted on ''16 January 1900'',<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27154 |date=16 January 1900 |page=285 }}</ref> and invested by [[Queen Victoria]] at [[Windsor Castle]] on ''1 March 1900''.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Court Circular|day_of_week=Friday |date=2 March 1900 |page_number=6 |issue=36079| }}</ref>
* '''KCB''': Knight Commander (civil division) of the [[Order of the Bath]] (KCB) - announced in the [[1900 New Year Honours]] honours list on ''1 January 1900'',<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=New Year Honours |date=1 January 1900 |page=9 |issue=36027}}</ref> gazetted on ''16 January 1900'',<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27154 |date=16 January 1900 |page=285 }}</ref> and invested by [[Queen Victoria]] at [[Windsor Castle]] on ''1 March 1900''.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Court Circular|date=2 March 1900 |page=6 |issue=36079}}</ref>
* [[Doctor of Science]] ('''D.Sc.''' ''[[Honoris causa]]'') from the [[University of Dublin]] - ''June 1902''.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=University intelligence |day_of_week=Monday |date=2 June 1902 |page_number=9 |issue=36783| }}</ref>
* [[Doctor of Science]] ('''D.Sc.''' ''[[Honoris causa]]'') from the [[University of Dublin]] - ''June 1903''.<ref>{{cite book |date=1907 |title=Dublin University Calendar, A Special Supplemental Volume for the year 1906-7 |location=Dublin |publisher=Hodges, Figgis, and Co. Ltd. |volume=III}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=25 April 1903 |title=Dublin University |work=Weekly Irish Times |location=Dublin |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/archive/wit/1903/0425/Pg010.html#Ar01008:4BC7B24CC7C74CC7B24F87C7 |access-date=5 December 2024}}</ref>
⚫
*1909 to 1920 Vice-President of [[Girls' Day School Trust|Girls' Public Day School Trust]]


</ref>
==Quotes==
⚫
*1909 to 1920 Vice-President of [[Girls' Day School Trust|Girls' Public Day School Trust]]
* "''[...] whatever little notions of art a person might have in his head would certainly be driven out of it, for the knowledge that he could take an almost unlimited number of pictures would lead him to expose a sheet on every possible occasion, and probably 99 percent of what he obtained would be thoroughly inartistic productions''".


==See also==
==See also==
Line 66: Line 72:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{Commons category}}
* "Abney, William de Wiveleslie." Britannica Student Encyclopedia. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica.
* "Abney, William de Wiveleslie." Britannica Student Encyclopedia. 2004. Encyclopædia Britannica.
* {{cite encyclopedia
* {{cite encyclopedia
Line 82: Line 87:


* [[Klaus Hentschel]]: Mapping the Spectrum. Techniques of Visual Representation in Research and Teaching, Oxford: OUP 2002.[http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198509530.001.0001/acprof-9780198509530 online preview; search for Abney]
* [[Klaus Hentschel]]: Mapping the Spectrum. Techniques of Visual Representation in Research and Teaching, Oxford: OUP 2002.[http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198509530.001.0001/acprof-9780198509530 online preview; search for Abney]
*{{cite journal|last=Elliot|first=Paul|date=c. 2012|title=The Firs, 320 Burton Road, Derby: A nineteenth-century house and estate|journal=Response: The University of Derby's Online Journal|url=http://www2.derby.ac.uk/response/current-issue/82-articles/178-the-firs-320-burton-road-derby-a-nineteenth-century-house-and-estate?start=1|accessdate=5 April 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407083752/http://www2.derby.ac.uk/response/current-issue/82-articles/178-the-firs-320-burton-road-derby-a-nineteenth-century-house-and-estate?start=1|archivedate=7 April 2014|df=dmy-all}} ''Article about the Abney family home, with information about the family''
*{{cite journal|last=Elliot|first=Paul|date=c. 2012|title=The Firs, 320 Burton Road, Derby: A nineteenth-century house and estate|journal=Response: The University of Derby's Online Journal|url=http://www2.derby.ac.uk/response/current-issue/82-articles/178-the-firs-320-burton-road-derby-a-nineteenth-century-house-and-estate?start=1|access-date=5 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407083752/http://www2.derby.ac.uk/response/current-issue/82-articles/178-the-firs-320-burton-road-derby-a-nineteenth-century-house-and-estate?start=1|archive-date=7 April 2014|df=dmy-all}} ''Article about the Abney family home, with information about the family''


== External links ==
== External links ==
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* {{OL author|OL2523567A}}
* {{OL author|OL2523567A}}
* {{Gutenberg author|id=41716}}
* {{Gutenberg author|id=41716}}
* {{Worldcat author|lccn-nr88000049}}
* {{Internet Archive author|sname=William de Wiveleslie Abney}}
* {{Internet Archive author|sname=William de Wiveleslie Abney}}


{{19th-century English photographers|state=collapsed}}
{{19th-century English photographers|state=collapsed}}
{{Portal bar|United Kingdom|Biography|Science|Astronomy}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:1843 births]]
[[Category:1843 births]]
[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials in Kent]]
[[Category:Color scientists]]
[[Category:Color scientists]]
[[Category:Disease-related deaths in England]]
[[Category:Photographers from Derbyshire]]
[[Category:English astronomers]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Derby]]
[[Category:English chemists]]
[[Category:19th-century British Army personnel]]
[[Category:19th-century English astronomers]]
[[Category:19th-century English chemists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
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[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:People educated at Rossall School]]
[[Category:People educated at Rossall School]]
[[Category:People from Derby]]
[[Category:Scientists from Derby]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Girls' Day School Trust]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Girls' Day School Trust]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Physical Society]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Physical Society]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
[[Category:Royal Artillery officers]]
[[Category:Royal Engineers officers]]
[[Category:Spectroscopists]]
[[Category:Spectroscopists]]
[[Category:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society]]

Latest revision as of 19:39, 5 December 2024

"William Abney" redirects here. For other uses, see William Abney (disambiguation).

Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney
KCB FRS FRSE
William de Wiveleslie Abney
Born24 July 1843
Derby, England
Died3 December 1920 (aged 77)
Folkestone, England
Known forPhotography
AwardsRumford Medal (1882)
Scientific career
FieldsAstronomy
Chemistry
Photography

Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney KCB FRS FRSE (24 July 1843 – 3 December 1920) was an English astronomer, chemist, and photographer.

Life and career

[edit]

Abney was born in Derby, England, the son of Rev. Edward Henry Abney (1811–1892), vicar of St Alkmund's Church, Derby, and his wife, Catharine Strutt. His father was owner of the Firs Estate. William was educated at Rossall School, the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and joined the Royal Engineers in 1861, with which he served in India for several years. Thereafter, and to further his knowledge in photography, he became a chemical assistant at the Chatham School of Military Engineering.

Abney was a pioneer of several technical aspects of photography. His father had been an early photographic experimenter and friend of Richard Keene, an early Derby photographer. Keene became a close friend of William and his brother Charles Edward Abney (1850–1914). Both Abney sons subsequently became founder members of the Derby Photographic Society in June 1884.[1] His endeavors in the chemistry of photography produced useful photographic products and also developments in astronomy. He wrote many books on photography that were considered standard texts at the time, although he was doubtful that his improvements would have a great impact on the subject.

Abney investigated the blackening of a negative to incidental light. In 1874, Abney developed a dry photographic emulsion, which replaced "wet" emulsions. He used this emulsion in an Egyptian expedition to photograph the transit of Venus across the sun. In 1880, he introduced hydroquinone. Abney also introduced new and useful types of photographic paper, including in 1882 a formula for gelatin silver chloride paper. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1876.

Abney conducted early research into the field of spectroscopy, developing a red-sensitive emulsion which was used for the infrared spectra of organic molecules. He was also a pioneer in photographing the infrared solar spectrum (1887), as well as researching sunlight in the medium of the atmosphere.

In 1893 he inherited Meashan Hall from a rich aunt.

He became assistant secretary to the Board of Education in 1899 and advisor to that body in 1903.[2] In 1900 he was Director of the Science and Art Department. He sold his father's estate, most of which went for housing in the St Luke's Parish of Derby, but retained 11 acres until 1913 when they were purchased by the Council to become the site of Rykneld Secondary Modern School and Rykneld recreation ground.[3]

Abney invented the "Abney level", a combined clinometer and spirit level, used by surveyors to measure slopes and angles. He was responsible for the "Abney mounting" of a concave grating spectrograph in which the photographic plate was fixed and the entry slit moved to accommodate different regions of the spectrum.

He died on 3 December 1920 in Folkestone, England. He is buried in the churchyard of Holy Trinity Church in Folkestone.

Family

[edit]

He had married twice: firstly in 1864 to Agnes Matilda Smith (died 1888) with whom he had a son and two daughters, and secondly in 1890 to Mary Louisa Mead with whom he had a further daughter.[4]

Publications

[edit]

Organizations and honours

[edit]

</ref>

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Craven, Maxwell (1993). Keene's Derby. Breedon Books. pp. 13–14. ISBN 1-873626-60-6.
  2. ^ Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ISBN 0-550-18022-2, page 5
  3. ^ "Rykneld Recreational Ground". www.derby.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  4. ^ "Abney, William de Wiveleslie". Who's Who: 5. 1920.
  5. ^ Royal Photographic Society. Progress medal. Web-page listing people, who have received this medal since 1878 ([1] Archived 22 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine): "Instituted in 1878, this medal is awarded in recognition of any invention, research, publication or other contribution which has resulted in an important advance in the scientific or technological development of photography or imaging in the widest sense. This award also carries with it an Honorary Fellowship of The Society. […] 1878 W de W Abney […]"
  6. ^ "New Year Honours". The Times. No. 36027. London. 1 January 1900. p. 9.
  7. ^ "No. 27154". The London Gazette. 16 January 1900. p. 285.
  8. ^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36079. London. 2 March 1900. p. 6.
  9. ^ Dublin University Calendar, A Special Supplemental Volume for the year 1906-7. Vol. III. Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, and Co. Ltd. 1907.
  10. ^ "Dublin University". Weekly Irish Times. Dublin. 25 April 1903. Retrieved 5 December 2024.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to William de Abney.
Wikisource has original works by or about:
William de Abney
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