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{{Short description|Anglo-German entrepreneur and news agency founder}}
{{Short description|Anglo-German entrepreneur and news agency founder (1816–1899)}}
{{for multi|the French lawyer and academic|Paul Reuter (lawyer)|the American composer|Paul Reuter (composer)}}
{{for multi|the French lawyer and academic|Paul Reuter (lawyer)|the American composer|Paul Reuter (composer)}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name =
| name =
| image = Reuter,_Paul_Julius_von,_Nadar,_Gallica.jpg
| image = Reuter,_Paul_Julius_von,_Nadar,_Gallica.jpg
| caption = Reuter {{ca}} 1860
| birth_name = Israel Beer Josaphat
| birth_name = Israel Beer Josaphat
| birth_date = 21 July 1816
| birth_date = 21 July 1816
| birth_place = [[Kassel]], [[Electorate of Hesse]]
| birth_place = [[Kassel]], [[Electorate of Hesse]], [[German Confederation]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1899|02|25|1816|07|21|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1899|02|25|1816|07|21|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Nice]], France
| death_place = [[Nice]], [[French Third Republic|France]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Ida Maria Magnus|1845}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Ida Maria Magnus|1845}}
| children = 3, including [[Herbert de Reuter|Herbert]]
| children = 3, including [[Herbert de Reuter|Herbert]]
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[[File:Paul Reuter Vanity Fair 14 December 1872.jpg|thumb|Caricature of Reuter in 1872]]
[[File:Paul Reuter Vanity Fair 14 December 1872.jpg|thumb|Caricature of Reuter in 1872]]
[[File:PaulJuliusReuter-bust-v.jpg|thumb|Bust of Reuter in the [[City of London]]]]
[[File:PaulJuliusReuter-bust-v.jpg|thumb|Bust of Reuter in the [[City of London]]]]
'''Paul Julius Reuter''' (born '''Israel Beer Josaphat'''; 21 July 1816 – 25 February 1899), later titled as '''Freiherr von Reuter''' (Baron von Reuter),<ref name=LG>{{London Gazette|issue= 26227|date=27 November 1891|page=6471}}</ref> was a German-born British entrepreneur who was a pioneer of [[telegraphy]] and news reporting.<ref name="encyclopedia.com">[http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/paul-julius-reuter Paul Julius Reuter], Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2004, The Gale Group Inc.</ref> He was a reporter and media owner, and the founder of [[Reuters]] [[news agency]], which became part of the [[Thomson Reuters]] conglomerate in 2008.<ref>[http://thomsonreuters.com/en/about-us/company-history.html Company History] – Thomson Reuters</ref>
'''Paul Julius Reuter''' (born '''Israel Beer Josaphat'''; 21 July 1816 – 25 February 1899), later ennobled as '''Freiherr von Reuter''' (Baron von Reuter),<ref name=LG>{{London Gazette|issue= 26227|date=27 November 1891|page=6471}}</ref> was a German-born British entrepreneur who was a pioneer of [[telegraphy]] and news reporting.<ref name="encyclopedia.com">[http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/paul-julius-reuter Paul Julius Reuter], Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2004, The Gale Group Inc.</ref> He was a reporter, media owner, and the founder of the [[Reuters]] [[news agency]], which became part of the [[Thomson Reuters]] conglomerate in 2008.<ref>[http://thomsonreuters.com/en/about-us/company-history.html Company History] – Thomson Reuters</ref>


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
Reuter was born as Israel Beer Josaphat in [[Kassel]], [[Electorate of Hesse]] (now part of the [[Federal Republic of Germany]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dbs.bh.org.il/luminary/von-reuter-paul-julius-baron|title=Heroes – Trailblazers of the Jewish People|website=Beit Hatfutsot}}</ref> His father, Samuel Levi Josaphat, was a [[rabbi]]. His mother was Betty Sanders. In [[Göttingen]], Reuter met [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]], who was experimenting with the [[transmission (telecommunications)|transmission]] of [[electric]]al signals via wire.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
Reuter was born in a [[Jews|Jewish]] family as Israel Beer Josaphat in [[Kassel]], [[Electorate of Hesse]] (now part of the [[Federal Republic of Germany]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dbs.anumuseum.org.il/skn/en/c6/e231880/Personalities/Paul_Julius_Von_Reuter|title=Paul Julius Von Reuter|publisher=ANU Museum of the Jewish People|year=1996|archive-date=22 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622082537/https://dbs.anumuseum.org.il/skn/en/c6/e231880/Personalities/Paul_Julius_Von_Reuter|url-status=live}}</ref> His father, Samuel Levi Josaphat, was a [[rabbi]]. His mother was Betty Sanders. In [[Göttingen]], Reuter met [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]], who was experimenting with the [[transmission (telecommunications)|transmission]] of [[electric]]al signals via wire.<ref name=":0" />


On 16 November 1845, he converted to Christianity in a ceremony at [[St George's German Lutheran Church|St. George's German Lutheran Chapel]] in London,<ref name= "encyclopedia.com" /> and changed his name to Paul Julius Reuter. One week later, in the same chapel, he married Ida Maria Elizabeth Clementine Magnus of [[Berlin]], daughter of a German banker.<ref name="jew"/>
On 16 November 1845, he converted to Christianity in a ceremony at [[St George's German Lutheran Church|St. George's German Lutheran Chapel]] in London,<ref name= "encyclopedia.com" /> and changed his name to Paul Julius Reuter. One week later, in the same chapel, he married Ida Maria Elizabeth Clementine Magnus of [[Berlin]], daughter of a German banker.<ref name="jew"/>


A former bank clerk, in 1847 he became a partner in Reuter and [[Joseph Abraham Stargardt|Stargardt]], a Berlin book-publishing firm. The distribution of radical pamphlets by the firm at the beginning of the [[Revolutions of 1848|1848 Revolution]] may have focused official scrutiny on Reuter. Later that year, he left for Paris<ref>{{Citation | url = https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Julius-Freiherr-von-Reuter | title = Paul Julius, baron von Reuter | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica | year = 1998}}.</ref> and worked in [[Charles-Louis Havas]]' news agency, [[Havas|Agence Havas]], the future [[Agence France Presse]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lennon|first=Troy|date=2016-07-20|title=Brilliant clerk turned old news into the news of the day|work=Daily Telegraph|url=https://dailytelegraph.com.au/news/bank-clerk-paul-reuter-turned-old-news-into-news-of-the-day/news-story/e7618d50cf176f7ee5063be9b96eaf3c|access-date=2021-11-12}}</ref>
A former bank clerk, in 1847 he became a partner in Reuter and [[Joseph Abraham Stargardt|Stargardt]], a Berlin book-publishing firm. The distribution of radical pamphlets by the firm at the beginning of the [[Revolutions of 1848|1848 Revolution]] may have focused official scrutiny on Reuter. Later that year, he left for Paris<ref>{{Citation | url = https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Julius-Freiherr-von-Reuter | title = Paul Julius, baron von Reuter | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica | year = 1998}}.</ref> and worked in [[Charles-Louis Havas]]' news agency, [[Havas|Agence Havas]], the future [[Agence France Presse]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Lennon|first=Troy|date=2016-07-20|title=Brilliant clerk turned old news into the news of the day|work=Daily Telegraph|url=https://dailytelegraph.com.au/news/bank-clerk-paul-reuter-turned-old-news-into-news-of-the-day/news-story/e7618d50cf176f7ee5063be9b96eaf3c|access-date=2021-11-12}}</ref>


As [[telegraphy]] evolved, Reuter founded his own news agency in [[Aachen]], transferring messages between Brussels and Aachen using [[homing pigeon]]s and thus linking Berlin and Paris. Speedier than the post train, pigeons gave Reuter faster access to financial news from the Paris stock exchange. Eventually, pigeons were replaced by a direct telegraph link.<ref>Standage, T. ''The Victorian Internet'' (1999)</ref>
As [[electrical telegraph]]y evolved, Reuter founded his own news agency in [[Aachen]]. Until the entire distance was connected by telegraph, messages were transferred on the leg between Brussels and Aachen using [[homing pigeon]]s, completing the link to Berlin and Paris. Speedier than the post train, pigeons gave Reuter faster access to financial news from the Paris stock exchange. Eventually the telegraph link was completed and the pigeons were no longer necessary.<ref>{{Cite book
|last=Wynter
|first=Andrew
|year=1861
|title=Our social bees; or, Pictures of town & country life, and other papers
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9zACAAAAQAAJ&dq=reuter+telegraph+pigeons&pg=PA298
|publisher=R. Hardwicke
|location=United Kingdom
|access-date= 2023-08-14
|page=298
}}
</ref>

⚫
A telegraph line was being laid between Britain and continental Europe, so Reuter moved to London, renting an office near the [[London Stock Exchange|Stock Exchange]]. In 1863, he privately erected a telegraph link to [[Crookhaven]], the farthest south-western point of Ireland. On nearing Crookhaven, ships from the U.S. threw canisters containing news into the sea. These were retrieved by Reuters and telegraphed directly to London, arriving long before the ships reached Cork.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Storey|first1=Graham| title=Reuters' Century|publisher=Max Parrish|access-date=2024-08-26|url=https://ia600208.us.archive.org/22/items/reuterscentury18011448mbp/reuterscentury18011448mbp.pdf|date=1951|page=33}}</ref>


⚫
On 17 March 1857, Reuter was naturalised as a British subject. On 7 September 1871, the [[Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] granted him the noble title of {{Lang|de|[[Freiherr]]}} (baron).<ref name=LG /> In November 1891, [[Queen Victoria]] granted him and his male-line successors the right to use that German title (listed as Baron von Reuter) in Britain.<ref name=LG /><ref name= "reuters.com">{{Citation | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE50O1GV20090125?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews | title = Baroness Reuter, last link to news dynasty, dies | publisher = Reuters | date = 25 January 2009}}.</ref>
⚫
A telegraph line was under construction between Britain and Europe, and so Reuter moved to London, renting an office near the [[London Stock Exchange|Stock Exchange]]. In 1863, he privately erected a telegraph link to [[Crookhaven]], the farthest south-west point of Ireland. On nearing Crookhaven, ships from the U.S. threw canisters containing news into the sea. These were retrieved by Reuters and telegraphed directly to London, arriving long before the ships reached Cork.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}


In 1872, [[Nasir al-Din Shah]], the Shah of [[Qajar dynasty|Iran]], signed a surprisingly lopsided [[Reuter concession|concession agreement with Reuter]]. [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|George Curzon]] wrote that:
⚫
On 17 March 1857, Reuter was naturalised as a British subject. On 7 September 1871, the [[Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] granted him the noble title of [[Freiherr]] (Baron).<ref name=LG /> In November 1891, [[Queen Victoria]] granted him (and his subsequent male-line successors) the right to use that German title (listed as Baron von Reuter) in Britain.<ref name=LG /><ref name= "reuters.com">{{Citation | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE50O1GV20090125?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews | title = Baroness Reuter, last link to news dynasty, dies | publisher = Reuters | date = 25 January 2009}}.</ref>
<blockquote>
[t]he concession was dated July 25, 1872. When published to the world, it was found to contain the most complete and extraordinary surrender of the entire industrial resources of a kingdom into foreign hands that has probably ever been dreamed of, much less accomplished, in history. Exclusive of the clauses referring to railroads and tramways, which conferred an absolute monopoly of both those undertakings upon Baron de Reuter for the space of seventy years, the concession also handed over to him the exclusive working for the same period of all Persian mines, except those of gold, silver, and precious stones; the monopoly of the government forests, all uncultivated land being embraced under that designation; the exclusive construction of canals, [[Qanat|kanats]], and irrigation works of every description; the first refusal of a national bank, and of all future enterprises connected with the introduction of roads, telegraphs, mills, factories, workshops, and public works of every description; and a farm of the entire customs of the empire for a period of twenty-five years from March 1, 1874, upon payment to the Shah of a stipulated sum for the first five years, and of an additional sixty per cent of the net revenue for the remaining twenty. With respect to the other profits, twenty per cent of those accruing from railways, and fifteen per cent of those derived from all other sources, were reserved for the Persian Government.<ref>''Persia and the Persian question'', Vol. I, London, Frank Cass and Co., 1966, p. 480.</ref>
</blockquote>


The Reuter concession was immediately denounced by all ranks of businessmen, clergy, and nationalists of Persia, and it was quickly forced into cancellation.<ref>Lambton, Ann. ''Qajar Persia''. University of Texas Press, 1987, p. 223.</ref>
In 1872, [[Nasir al-Din Shah]], the Shah of [[Qajar dynasty|Iran]], signed an agreement with Reuter, a [[Reuter concession|concession]] selling him all railroads, canals, most of the mines, all the government's forests, and all future industries of Iran. [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|George Curzon]] called it "The most complete and extraordinary surrender of the entire industrial resources of a kingdom into foreign hands that has ever been dreamed of".<ref>''Persia and the Persian question'', Vol. I, London, Frank Cass and Co., 1966, p. 480.</ref> The Reuter concession was immediately denounced by all ranks of businessmen, clergy, and nationalists of Persia, and it was quickly forced into cancellation.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}


==Marriage and children==
==Marriage and children==
In 1845, Reuter married Ida Maria Magnus, daughter of Friedrich Martin Magnus, a German banker in Berlin.<ref name="jew">[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0017_0_16674.html Paul Julius Freiherr von Reuter], Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2008, The Gale Group.</ref><ref>Lüders, Carsten, [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd137908784.html#ndbcontent "Magnus, Friedrich Martin Freiherr von"] in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 15 (1987), S. 672.</ref> They had three sons: [[Herbert de Reuter|Herbert]], who became the 2nd Baron (succeeded by his son Hubert as 3rd Baron), George and Alfred.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jones, Sir Roderick|title=A life in Reuters|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |year=1951 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAIdAQAAMAAJ}} The 2nd Baron (born 1852, died 1915) committed suicide 3 days after the death of his wife. He was succeeded by his son, Hubert.</ref> Clementine Maria, one of his daughters, married Count {{ill|Otto Stenbock (diplomat)|sv|Otto Stenbock|lt=Otto Stenbock}}, and after Stenbock's death, Sir [[Herbert Chermside]], a [[Governors of Queensland|governor of Queensland]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chermside-sir-herbert-charles-5575|title=Australian Dictionary of Biography|first=Paul D.|last=Wilson|chapter=Chermside, Sir Herbert Charles (1850–1929)|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|via=Australian Dictionary of Biography}}</ref>
In 1845, Reuter married Ida Maria Magnus, daughter of Friedrich Martin Magnus, a German banker in Berlin.<ref name="jew">[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0017_0_16674.html Paul Julius Freiherr von Reuter], Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2008, The Gale Group.</ref><ref>Lüders, Carsten, [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd137908784.html#ndbcontent "Magnus, Friedrich Martin Freiherr von"] in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 15 (1987), S. 672.</ref> They had three sons: [[Herbert de Reuter|Herbert]], who became the 2nd baron (succeeded by his son Hubert as 3rd baron), George and Alfred.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jones, Sir Roderick|title=A life in Reuters|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |year=1951 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAIdAQAAMAAJ}} The 2nd baron (1852–1915) committed suicide three days after the death of his wife. He was succeeded by his son, Hubert.</ref> Clementine Maria, one of his daughters, married Count {{ill|Otto Stenbock (diplomat)|sv|Otto Stenbock|lt=Otto Stenbock}}, and after Stenbock's death, Sir [[Herbert Chermside]], a [[Governors of Queensland|governor of Queensland]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chermside-sir-herbert-charles-5575|title=Australian Dictionary of Biography|first=Paul D.|last=Wilson|chapter=Chermside, Sir Herbert Charles (1850–1929)|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|via=Australian Dictionary of Biography}}</ref>


The 2nd Baron's brother George had two sons, Oliver (who became the 4th Baron) and Ronald. The last member of the family, [[Marguerite, Baroness de Reuter]], widow of the 4th Baron and Paul Julius Reuter's granddaughter-in-law, died on 25 January 2009, at the age of 96.<ref name="reuters.com"/><ref name=abc>{{cite news|title=Baroness de Reuter, last link to news dynasty, dies |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/01/26/2474298.htm |agency=[[Reuters]]|work=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=26 January 2009|access-date=21 February 2009}}</ref>
The 2nd baron's brother George had two sons, Oliver (who became the 4th baron) and Ronald. The last member of the family, [[Marguerite, Baroness de Reuter]], widow of the 4th baron and Paul Julius Reuter's granddaughter-in-law, died on 25 January 2009, at the age of 96.<ref name="reuters.com"/><ref name=abc>{{cite news|title=Baroness de Reuter, last link to news dynasty, dies |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/01/26/2474298.htm |agency=[[Reuters]]|work=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=26 January 2009|access-date=21 February 2009}}</ref>


==Death and legacy==
==Death and legacy==
Reuter died in 1899 in [[Nice]], [[France]].
Reuter died in 1899 at Villa Reuter in [[Nice]], [[French Third Republic|France]]. He was buried in [[West Norwood Cemetery]] in south London<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paul Julius Baron de Reuter (1816-1899) - Find A...|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/12602278/paul-julius-baron_de_reuter|access-date=2021-01-22|website=www.findagrave.com|language=en}}</ref>


Reuter was portrayed by [[Edward G. Robinson]] in the [[Warner Bros.]] biographical film ''[[A Dispatch from Reuters]]'' (1941).
Reuter was portrayed by [[Edward G. Robinson]] in the [[Warner Bros.]] biographical film ''[[A Dispatch from Reuters]]'' (1941).
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Latest revision as of 22:37, 5 December 2024

For the French lawyer and academic, see Paul Reuter (lawyer). For the American composer, see Paul Reuter (composer).

Paul Reuter
Reuter c. 1860
Born
Israel Beer Josaphat

21 July 1816
Kassel, Electorate of Hesse, German Confederation
Died25 February 1899(1899-02-25) (aged 82)
Nice, France
Occupation(s)Entrepreneur and reporter
Known forReuters news agency
Spouse
Ida Maria Magnus
​
(m. 1845)​
Children3, including Herbert
Portrait of Reuter in 1869 at age 53, by Rudolf Lehmann
Caricature of Reuter in 1872
Bust of Reuter in the City of London

Paul Julius Reuter (born Israel Beer Josaphat; 21 July 1816 – 25 February 1899), later ennobled as Freiherr von Reuter (Baron von Reuter),[1] was a German-born British entrepreneur who was a pioneer of telegraphy and news reporting.[2] He was a reporter, media owner, and the founder of the Reuters news agency, which became part of the Thomson Reuters conglomerate in 2008.[3]

Life and career

[edit]

Reuter was born in a Jewish family as Israel Beer Josaphat in Kassel, Electorate of Hesse (now part of the Federal Republic of Germany).[4] His father, Samuel Levi Josaphat, was a rabbi. His mother was Betty Sanders. In Göttingen, Reuter met Carl Friedrich Gauss, who was experimenting with the transmission of electrical signals via wire.[5]

On 16 November 1845, he converted to Christianity in a ceremony at St. George's German Lutheran Chapel in London,[2] and changed his name to Paul Julius Reuter. One week later, in the same chapel, he married Ida Maria Elizabeth Clementine Magnus of Berlin, daughter of a German banker.[6]

A former bank clerk, in 1847 he became a partner in Reuter and Stargardt, a Berlin book-publishing firm. The distribution of radical pamphlets by the firm at the beginning of the 1848 Revolution may have focused official scrutiny on Reuter. Later that year, he left for Paris[7] and worked in Charles-Louis Havas' news agency, Agence Havas, the future Agence France Presse.[5]

As electrical telegraphy evolved, Reuter founded his own news agency in Aachen. Until the entire distance was connected by telegraph, messages were transferred on the leg between Brussels and Aachen using homing pigeons, completing the link to Berlin and Paris. Speedier than the post train, pigeons gave Reuter faster access to financial news from the Paris stock exchange. Eventually the telegraph link was completed and the pigeons were no longer necessary.[8]

A telegraph line was being laid between Britain and continental Europe, so Reuter moved to London, renting an office near the Stock Exchange. In 1863, he privately erected a telegraph link to Crookhaven, the farthest south-western point of Ireland. On nearing Crookhaven, ships from the U.S. threw canisters containing news into the sea. These were retrieved by Reuters and telegraphed directly to London, arriving long before the ships reached Cork.[9]

On 17 March 1857, Reuter was naturalised as a British subject. On 7 September 1871, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha granted him the noble title of Freiherr (baron).[1] In November 1891, Queen Victoria granted him and his male-line successors the right to use that German title (listed as Baron von Reuter) in Britain.[1][10]

In 1872, Nasir al-Din Shah, the Shah of Iran, signed a surprisingly lopsided concession agreement with Reuter. George Curzon wrote that:

[t]he concession was dated July 25, 1872. When published to the world, it was found to contain the most complete and extraordinary surrender of the entire industrial resources of a kingdom into foreign hands that has probably ever been dreamed of, much less accomplished, in history. Exclusive of the clauses referring to railroads and tramways, which conferred an absolute monopoly of both those undertakings upon Baron de Reuter for the space of seventy years, the concession also handed over to him the exclusive working for the same period of all Persian mines, except those of gold, silver, and precious stones; the monopoly of the government forests, all uncultivated land being embraced under that designation; the exclusive construction of canals, kanats, and irrigation works of every description; the first refusal of a national bank, and of all future enterprises connected with the introduction of roads, telegraphs, mills, factories, workshops, and public works of every description; and a farm of the entire customs of the empire for a period of twenty-five years from March 1, 1874, upon payment to the Shah of a stipulated sum for the first five years, and of an additional sixty per cent of the net revenue for the remaining twenty. With respect to the other profits, twenty per cent of those accruing from railways, and fifteen per cent of those derived from all other sources, were reserved for the Persian Government.[11]

The Reuter concession was immediately denounced by all ranks of businessmen, clergy, and nationalists of Persia, and it was quickly forced into cancellation.[12]

Marriage and children

[edit]

In 1845, Reuter married Ida Maria Magnus, daughter of Friedrich Martin Magnus, a German banker in Berlin.[6][13] They had three sons: Herbert, who became the 2nd baron (succeeded by his son Hubert as 3rd baron), George and Alfred.[14] Clementine Maria, one of his daughters, married Count Otto Stenbock [sv], and after Stenbock's death, Sir Herbert Chermside, a governor of Queensland.[15]

The 2nd baron's brother George had two sons, Oliver (who became the 4th baron) and Ronald. The last member of the family, Marguerite, Baroness de Reuter, widow of the 4th baron and Paul Julius Reuter's granddaughter-in-law, died on 25 January 2009, at the age of 96.[10][16]

Death and legacy

[edit]

Reuter died in 1899 in Nice, France.

Reuter was portrayed by Edward G. Robinson in the Warner Bros. biographical film A Dispatch from Reuters (1941).

The Reuters News Agency commemorated the 100th anniversary of its founder's death by launching a university award (the Paul Julius Reuter Innovation Award) in Germany.[2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "No. 26227". The London Gazette. 27 November 1891. p. 6471.
  2. ^ a b c Paul Julius Reuter, Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2004, The Gale Group Inc.
  3. ^ Company History – Thomson Reuters
  4. ^ "Paul Julius Von Reuter". ANU Museum of the Jewish People. 1996. Archived from the original on 22 June 2021.
  5. ^ a b Lennon, Troy (20 July 2016). "Brilliant clerk turned old news into the news of the day". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  6. ^ a b Paul Julius Freiherr von Reuter, Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2008, The Gale Group.
  7. ^ "Paul Julius, baron von Reuter", Encyclopædia Britannica, 1998.
  8. ^ Wynter, Andrew (1861). Our social bees; or, Pictures of town & country life, and other papers. United Kingdom: R. Hardwicke. p. 298. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  9. ^ Storey, Graham (1951). Reuters' Century (PDF). Max Parrish. p. 33. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
  10. ^ a b Baroness Reuter, last link to news dynasty, dies, Reuters, 25 January 2009.
  11. ^ Persia and the Persian question, Vol. I, London, Frank Cass and Co., 1966, p. 480.
  12. ^ Lambton, Ann. Qajar Persia. University of Texas Press, 1987, p. 223.
  13. ^ Lüders, Carsten, "Magnus, Friedrich Martin Freiherr von" in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 15 (1987), S. 672.
  14. ^ Jones, Sir Roderick (1951). A life in Reuters. Hodder & Stoughton. The 2nd baron (1852–1915) committed suicide three days after the death of his wife. He was succeeded by his son, Hubert.
  15. ^ Wilson, Paul D. "Chermside, Sir Herbert Charles (1850–1929)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University – via Australian Dictionary of Biography.
  16. ^ "Baroness de Reuter, last link to news dynasty, dies". ABC News (Australia). Reuters. 26 January 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
[edit]
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