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Coordinates: 56°07′N 130°04′W / 56.117°N 130.067°W / 56.117; -130.067
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{{Short description|Glacier in Canada}}
{{unreferenced|date=February 2015}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2015}}
[[File:2015-08-07 Salmon Glacier, BC, Canada 1016.jpg|thumb|View of the Salmon Glacier from the viewpoint]]
{{Infobox glacier
| name = Salmon Glacier
| photo = Salmon Glacier 3-2.jpg (21567757921).jpg
| photo_caption = View of the Salmon Glacier from the viewpoint. [[Mount Bayard]] to left, [[Mount White-Fraser]] partially visible to right.
| type = Valley glacier
| location = [[Boundary Ranges]]<br />[[British Columbia]]
| coords = {{coord|56|07|N|130|04|W|type:glacier_scale:500000|display=inline,title}}<ref name=cgndb/>
| area =
| length =
| thickness =
| terminus =
| status =
}}


The '''Salmon Glacier''' is a [[glacier]] located ~{{convert|25|km|abbr=on}} north of [[Stewart, British Columbia]], and [[Hyder, Alaska]], just on the Canadian side of the [[United States-Canada border|border]]. The glacier, one of hundreds in the [[Boundary Ranges]], is notable for its major potential as a [[natural hazard]]. [[Summit Lake (Crooked River)|Summit Lake]] is located at the northern end of the glacier and every year around mid-July the lake breaks an ice-dam and then flows under the Salmon Glacier into the [[Salmon River (Portland Canal)|Salmon River]]. This causes the river to rise approximately {{convert|4|–|5|ft|abbr=on}} for several days.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}}
The '''Salmon Glacier''' is a [[glacier]] located ~{{convert|25|km|abbr=on}} north of [[Stewart, British Columbia]], and [[Hyder, Alaska]], just on the Canadian side of the [[Canada–United States border|border]]. The glacier, one of hundreds in the [[Boundary Ranges]], is notable for its major potential as a [[natural hazard]]. [[Summit Lake (Crooked River)|Summit Lake]] is located at the northern end of the glacier and every year around mid-July the lake breaks an ice-dam and then flows under the Salmon Glacier into the [[Salmon River (Portland Canal)|Salmon River]]. This causes the river to rise approximately {{convert|4|–|5|ft|abbr=on}} for several days.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}}


The glacier can be accessed by road from [[Hyder, Alaska]], from early July to late September.
The glacier can be accessed by road from [[Hyder, Alaska]], from early July to late September.

The glacier's name was officially adopted January 20, 1955, by the [[Geographical Names Board of Canada]].<ref name=cgndb>{{cite cgndb|id=JBIIJ|name=Salmon Glacier|accessdate=2019-12-05}}</ref>

==Climate==
Based on the [[Köppen climate classification]], Salmon Glacier is located in the [[marine west coast]] climate zone of western [[North America]].<ref name=Peel>{{cite journal|author=Peel, M. C.|author2=Finlayson, B. L.|author3=McMahon, T. A.|name-list-style=amp|year=2007|title=Updated world map of the Köppen−Geiger climate classification|journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.|volume=11|issue=5 |page=1633 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |s2cid=9654551 |issn=1027-5606|doi-access=free}}</ref> Most [[weather front]]s originate in the [[Pacific Ocean]], and travel east toward the [[Coast Mountains]] where they are forced upward by the range ([[Orographic lift]]), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall. As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Temperatures can drop below {{cvt|−20|C}} with wind chill factors below {{cvt|−30|C}}.
{{wide image|Salmon Glacier panoramic view.jpg|800px|Panoramic view of Salmon Glacier}}

{{Weather box
|location = Premier, British Columbia
|single line = Y
|metric first =
| Jan record high F = 50
| Feb record high F = 55
| Mar record high F = 60
| Apr record high F = 69
| May record high F = 80
| Jun record high F = 85
| Jul record high F = 90
| Aug record high F = 88
| Sep record high F = 83
| Oct record high F = 70
| Nov record high F = 56
| Dec record high F = 45
| year record high F =
| Jan high F = 29
| Feb high F = 33
| Mar high F = 38
| Apr high F = 47
| May high F = 56
| Jun high F = 63
| Jul high F = 65
| Aug high F = 66
| Sep high F = 58
| Oct high F = 45
| Nov high F = 35
| Dec high F = 29
| year high F =
| Jan low F = 20
| Feb low F = 22
| Mar low F = 26
| Apr low F = 32
| May low F = 39
| Jun low F = 45
| Jul low F = 49
| Aug low F = 49
| Sep low F = 44
| Oct low F = 35
| Nov low F = 27
| Dec low F = 22
| year low F =
| Jan record low F = -22
| Feb record low F = -20
| Mar record low F = -2
| Apr record low F = 10
| May record low F = 28
| Jun record low F = 34
| Jul record low F = 28
| Aug record low F = 35
| Sep record low F = 28
| Oct record low F = 12
| Nov record low F = 4
| Dec record low F = -14
| year record low F =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 11.67
| Feb precipitation inch = 7.77
| Mar precipitation inch = 7.01
| Apr precipitation inch = 4.60
| May precipitation inch = 2.73
| Jun precipitation inch = 2.63
| Jul precipitation inch = 3.01
| Aug precipitation inch = 4.00
| Sep precipitation inch = 6.79
| Oct precipitation inch = 12.48
| Nov precipitation inch = 11.54
| Dec precipitation inch = 11.77
| year precipitation inch =

| Jan snow inch = 98.4
| Feb snow inch = 65.7
| Mar snow inch = 53.0
| Apr snow inch = 18.1
| May snow inch = 0.3
| Jun snow inch = 0
| Jul snow inch = 0
| Aug snow inch = 0
| Sep snow inch = 0
| Oct snow inch = 11.2
| Nov snow inch = 67.8
| Dec snow inch = 101.1



|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name="XMACIS"/>
|date=February 2019
}}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of glaciers]]
*[[List of glaciers]]
*[[Hyder, Alaska]]
*[[Stewart, British Columbia]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{BCGNIS|19324|Salmon Glacier}}
* {{BCGNIS|19324|Salmon Glacier}}
* [https://www.google.com/maps/contrib/112222114989721971433/photos/@56.1333333,-130.0666666,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m7!1e2!3m5!1s-Ca1Nmn_loPE%2FVnpzUzwG7QI%2FAAAAAAAAAG4%2F2fpW4qYlkEQVjkaaKgObh1u1v3w-5YA_Q!2e4!6s%2F%2Flh4.googleusercontent.com%2F-Ca1Nmn_loPE%2FVnpzUzwG7QI%2FAAAAAAAAAG4%2F2fpW4qYlkEQVjkaaKgObh1u1v3w-5YA_Q%2Fw203-h100-p-k-no%2F!7i4608!8i3456!4m3!8m2!3m1!1e1!6m1!1e1/ Google Map photo of the Salmon Glacier]
* Flickr: [https://www.flickr.com/photos/usaddict/10324587883/in/photolist-gJmdgV-4WhA9h-oDpW8F-H5EWZ-5cKH1R-KDQLCY-ag39ky-5DT5rt-83Bzp2-jAGCp-Vo5UqH-gnsBQd-5cKGgM-UMQciE-8bdAp4-doUexB-8kyUqt-8VbjnM-fyHmH-y1LVSJ-3cov2q-2Ak1Hj-aN39vK-fCc9py-Vo51CV-Ko2FxE-UMQa8C-2EjWxz-cBXo8S-vHDjah-2tw29q-V8z2cj-ZQ8oyq-2bhB3S5-2K1eSZ-8mUe35-oZj6wB-a8eCLT-dwx6hf-8CkpjK-cVSBC1-2Epn6f-9gdGpE-k5pKoM-oDcjmJ-VbqB8K-dwx7r7-8Vbqcz-9eEFms-8VbmjH Salmon Glacier and Mt. Bayard]
* Weather: [https://www.yr.no/place/Canada/British_Columbia/Salmon_Glacier/ Salmon Glacier]
* YouTube: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qd8LSD04KVs Mt. Bayard seen from road]


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{commons category}}
{{commonscat}}
* [http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic13-2-74.pdf Haumann, Dieter, 1960, Photogrammetric and glaciological studies of Salmon Glacier: Arctic, v. 13, no. 2, p. 74–100]
* [http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic13-2-74.pdf Haumann, Dieter, 1960, Photogrammetric and glaciological studies of Salmon Glacier: Arctic, v. 13, no. 2, p. 74–100]
* [http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386j/coastmtns/cstmtns-hires.pdf Clark, K.C., and Holdsworth, G., 2002, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386-J: Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World -- North America, p. 291-299]
* [http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386j/coastmtns/cstmtns-hires.pdf Clark, K.C., and Holdsworth, G., 2002, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386-J: Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World -- North America, p. 291-299]


{{coord|56|07|N|130|04|W|type:glacier_region:CA-BC|display=title}}
{{Boundary Ranges}}
{{Boundary Ranges}}


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[[Category:Natural hazards in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Natural hazards in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Stewart Country]]
[[Category:Stewart Country]]



{{BritishColumbiaCoast-geo-stub}}
{{BritishColumbiaCoast-geo-stub}}
{{canada-glacier-stub}}

Latest revision as of 23:14, 5 December 2024

Salmon Glacier
View of the Salmon Glacier from the viewpoint. Mount Bayard to left, Mount White-Fraser partially visible to right.
TypeValley glacier
LocationBoundary Ranges
British Columbia
Coordinates56°07′N 130°04′W / 56.117°N 130.067°W / 56.117; -130.067[1]

The Salmon Glacier is a glacier located ~25 km (16 mi) north of Stewart, British Columbia, and Hyder, Alaska, just on the Canadian side of the border. The glacier, one of hundreds in the Boundary Ranges, is notable for its major potential as a natural hazard. Summit Lake is located at the northern end of the glacier and every year around mid-July the lake breaks an ice-dam and then flows under the Salmon Glacier into the Salmon River. This causes the river to rise approximately 4–5 ft (1.2–1.5 m) for several days.[citation needed]

The glacier can be accessed by road from Hyder, Alaska, from early July to late September.

The glacier's name was officially adopted January 20, 1955, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.[1]

Climate

[edit]

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Salmon Glacier is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America.[2] Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall. As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C (−4 °F) with wind chill factors below −30 °C (−22 °F).

Panoramic view of Salmon Glacier
Climate data for Premier, British Columbia
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 50
(10) 		55
(13) 		60
(16) 		69
(21) 		80
(27) 		85
(29) 		90
(32) 		88
(31) 		83
(28) 		70
(21) 		56
(13) 		45
(7) 		90
(32)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 29
(−2) 		33
(1) 		38
(3) 		47
(8) 		56
(13) 		63
(17) 		65
(18) 		66
(19) 		58
(14) 		45
(7) 		35
(2) 		29
(−2) 		47
(8)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 20
(−7) 		22
(−6) 		26
(−3) 		32
(0) 		39
(4) 		45
(7) 		49
(9) 		49
(9) 		44
(7) 		35
(2) 		27
(−3) 		22
(−6) 		34
(1)
Record low °F (°C) −22
(−30) 		−20
(−29) 		−2
(−19) 		10
(−12) 		28
(−2) 		34
(1) 		28
(−2) 		35
(2) 		28
(−2) 		12
(−11) 		4
(−16) 		−14
(−26) 		−22
(−30)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 11.67
(296) 		7.77
(197) 		7.01
(178) 		4.60
(117) 		2.73
(69) 		2.63
(67) 		3.01
(76) 		4.00
(102) 		6.79
(172) 		12.48
(317) 		11.54
(293) 		11.77
(299) 		86
(2,183)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 98.4
(250) 		65.7
(167) 		53.0
(135) 		18.1
(46) 		0.3
(0.76) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		11.2
(28) 		67.8
(172) 		101.1
(257) 		415.6
(1,055.76)
Source: NOAA[3]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Salmon Glacier". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  2. ^ Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L. & McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen−Geiger climate classification". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606. S2CID 9654551.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference XMACIS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salmon Glacier.


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