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{{Short description|none}}
{{Unreferenced stub|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
The '''1st German federal election of [[1871]]''' was the first [[election]] to the [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]] in the [[German Empire]], which had been created earlier that year. The election was held on 3 March 1871.
{{Infobox election
| country = German Empire
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1868 Zollparlament election
| previous_year = 1868
| election_date = {{Start date|df=yes|1871|03|03}}
| next_election = 1874 German federal election
| next_year = 1874
| seats_for_election = All 382 seats in the [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]]
| majority_seats = 192
| registered = 7,656,283
| turnout = 3,905,531 (51.01%)
| image_size = 130x130px

| image1 = Rudolf_von_Bennigsen.jpg
| leader1 = [[Rudolf von Bennigsen]]
| party1 = National Liberal Party (Germany)
| leader_since1 = 1867
| last_election1 = 23.28%, 104 seats
| seats1 = '''117'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 13
| popular_vote1 = '''{{formatnum:1125942}}'''
| percentage1 = '''28.97%'''
| swing1 = {{increase}} 5.69 [[Percentage point|pp]]

| image2 = Hermann von Mallinckrodt.jpg
| leader2 = [[Hermann von Mallinckrodt]]
| party2 = Centre Party (Germany)
| leader_since2 = 1870
| last_election2 = ''Did not exist''
| seats2 = 58
| seat_change2 = ''New party''
| popular_vote2 = {{formatnum:707896}}
| percentage2 = 18.21%
| swing2 = ''New party''

| image3 = {{eppt|Conservative Party (Prussia)|height=130|width=95}}
| leader3 =
| party3 = Conservative Party (Prussia)
| leader_since3 =
| last_election3 = 14.82%, 65 seats
| seats3 = 56
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 9
| popular_vote3 = {{formatnum:524881}}
| percentage3 = 13.51%
| swing3 = {{decrease}} 1.31 [[Percentage point|pp]]

| image4 = {{eppt|German Progress Party|height=130|width=95}}
| leader4 =
| party4 = German Progress Party
| leader_since4 =
| last_election4 = 8.75%, 31 seats
| seats4 = 45
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 14
| popular_vote4 = {{formatnum:351209}}
| percentage4 = 9.04%
| swing4 = {{increase}} 0.29 [[Percentage point|pp]]

| image5 = Victor Herzog von Ratibor (cropped).jpg
| leader5 = [[Viktor I, Duke of Ratibor]]
| party5 = Free Conservative Party
| leader_since5 =
| last_election5 = 6.67%, 37 seats
| seats5 = 37
| seat_change5 = {{steady}} 0
| popular_vote5 = {{formatnum:343098}}
| percentage5 = 8.83%
| swing5 = {{increase}} 2.16 [[Percentage point|pp]]

| image6 = Hohenlohe-schillingsf%C3%BCrst1867.jpg
| leader6 = [[Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst|Chlodwig Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]]
| party6 = Imperial Liberal Party
| leader_since6 = 1871
| last_election6 = ''Did not exist''
| seats6 = 33
| seat_change6 = ''New party''
| popular_vote6 = {{formatnum:274068}}
| percentage6 = 7.05%
| swing6 = ''New party''

| map_image = File:Karte der Reichstagswahlen 1871.svg
| map_size = 390px
| map_caption = Map of results (by constituencies)

| title = President of the Zollparlament
| before_election = [[Eduard von Simson]]
| before_party = Independent politician
| posttitle = President of the [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]] after election
| after_election = [[Eduard von Simson]]
| after_party = Independent politician
}}{{Politics of Germany}}

The first [[Elections in Germany#German elections from 1871 to 1945|federal elections]] were held in [[German Empire|Germany]] on 3 March 1871.<ref name=NS>[[Dieter Nohlen]] & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p762 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}}</ref> The [[National Liberal Party (Germany)|National Liberal Party]] emerged as the largest party in the [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]], with 117 of the 382 seats.<ref>Nohlen & Stöver, p788</ref> Voter turnout was just 51.0%.


==Results==
==Results==
{{Election results
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|image={{Parliament diagram |background=#F8F9FA
|- bgcolor=lightgrey
|n1 = 1 | p1 = Social Democratic Party of Germany
! | Party
|n2 = 1 | p2 = German People's Party (1868)
! | Seats
|n3 = 45 | p3 = German Progress Party
! | Change
|n4 = 7 | p4 = Independent Liberals |c4 = #EEDC82
|-
|n5 = 2 | p5 = Old Liberals |c5 = #008000
| [[National Liberal Party (Germany)|National Liberal Party]]<br> (NL - National Liberals)
|n6 = 1 | p6 = Danish Party |b6 = #FFA54F
| 125
|n7 = 13 | p7 = Polish Party |b7 = #FFA54F
| None
|n8 = 0 | p8 = Alsace-Lorraine Party |b8 = #FFA54F
|-
|n9 = 117 | p9 = National Liberal Party (Germany)
| [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]]<br> (Zentrum - Political Catholics)
|n10 = 33 | p10 = Imperial Liberal Party
| 61
|n11 = 3 | p11 = Clericals |c11 = #696969
| None
|n12 = 58 | p12 = Centre Party (Germany)
|-
|n13 = 7 | p13 = German-Hanoverian Party
| [[German Conservative Party]]<br> (DKP - Conservatives)
|n14 = 37 | p14 = German Reich Party
| 57
|n15 = 1 | p15 = Independent Conservatives |c15 = #007FFF
| None
|n16 = 56 | p16 = Conservative Party (Prussia)
|-
}}
| [[German Progress Party]]<br> (DFP - Liberals)
| 46
| None
|-
| [[Free Conservative Party|German Reich Party]]<br> (DRP - Conservative Nationalists)
| 37
| None
|-
| Imperial Liberal Party<br> (LRP - Conservative Liberals)
| 30
| None
|-
| Polen<br> (P - Polish Regionalists)
| 13
| None
|-
| [[German-Hanoverian Party]]<br> (DHP - Hanover regionalists)
| 9
| None
|-
| Workers' Party<br> ([[General German Workers' Association|ADAV]]/[[Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany|SDAP]])
| 2
| None
|-
| [[German People's Party (1868)|German People's Party]]<br> (DVP - Radical liberals)
| 1
| None
|-
| Danish Regionalists<br> (D - Dänen)
| 1
| None
|-
|bgcolor=lightgrey| '''Total'''
|bgcolor=lightgrey| '''382'''
|bgcolor=lightgrey| '''-'''
|}


|party1 = [[National Liberal Party (Germany)|National Liberal Party]]
== Literature ==
|votes1 = 1125942
* Specht, Fritz / Schwabe, Paul: ''Die Reichstagswahlen von 1867 bis 1903. Eine Statistik der Reichstagswahlen nebst den Programmen der Parteien und einem Verzeichnis der gewählten Abgeordneten''. 2nd edition, Berlin: Verlag Carl Heymann, 1904
|seats1 = 117
* Phillips, A. (ed.): ''Die Reichstagswahlen von 1867 bis 1883. Statistik der Wahlen zum Konstituierenden und Norddeutschen Reichstage, zum Zollparlament, sowie zu den fünf ersten Legislatur-Perioden des Deutschen Reichstages''. Berlin: Verlag Louis Gerschel, 1883
| sw1 = +5.69
* Hirth, Georg (ed.): ''Deutscher Parlaments-Almanach''. 9. Ausgabe vom 9. Mai 1871. Berlin: Verlag Franz Duncker, 1871
| sc1 = +13


|party2 = [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]]
|votes2 = 707896
|seats2 = 58
| sw2 = New
| sc2 = New


|party3 = [[Conservative Party (Prussia)|Conservative Party]]
{{German federal elections}}
|votes3 = 524881
|seats3 = 56
| sw3 = −1.31
| sc3 = −9


|party4 = [[German Progress Party]]
==See also==
|votes4 = 351209
{{Seealso|German Empire}}
|seats4 = 45
| sw4 = +0.29
| sc4 = +14


|party5 = [[Free Conservative Party|German Reich Party]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:German Federal Election, 1871}}
|votes5 = 343098
[[Category:Elections in Germany]]
|seats5 = 37
[[Category:1871 elections in Europe]]
| sw5 = +2.16
[[Category:1871 in Germany]]
| sc5 = 0
[[Category:Elections in the German Empire]]


|party6 = [[Imperial Liberal Party]]
|votes6 = 274068
|seats6 = 33
| sw6 = New
| sc6 = New


|party7 = [[Polish Party]]
{{Germany-election-stub}}
|votes7 = 176342
|seats7 = 13
| sw7 = −0.52
| sc7 = +2


|party8 = Independent Liberals
[[de:Reichstagswahl 1871]]
|color8 = #EEDC82
[[it:Elezioni federali tedesche del 1871]]
|votes8 = 74903
[[hu:1871-es németországi választások]]
|seats8 = 5
[[nl:Duitse Rijksdagverkiezingen 1871]]
| sw8 = −9.05
[[no:Valget i Tyskland 1871]]
| sc8 = −27

|party9 = [[German-Hanoverian Party]]
|votes9 = 73470
|seats9 = 7
| sw9 = +1.01
| sc9 = +3

|party10 = [[General German Workers' Association]]
|color10 = {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}
|votes10 = 56117
|seats10 = 0
| sw10 = −0.27
| sc10 = −2

|party11 = [[Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany|Social Democratic Workers' Party]]
|votes11 = 41040
|seats11 = 1
| sw11 = −0.19
| sc11 = −1

|party12 = [[German People's Party (1868)|German People's Party]]
|votes12 = 29595
|seats12 = 1
| sw12 = −1.23
| sc12 = −7

|party13 = [[Old Liberals]]
|color13 = #008000
|votes13 = 24900
|seats13 = 2
| sw13 = −2.79
| sc13 = −16

|party14 = [[Danish Party]]
|votes14 = 21143
|seats14 = 1
| sw14 = −0.23
| sc14 = 0

|party15 = Clericals
|color15 = {{party color|Centre Party (Germany)}}
|votes15 = 15329
|seats15 = 3
| sw15 = −9.21
| sc15 = −33

|party16 = Independent conservatives
|color16 = #007FFF
|votes16 = 14805
|seats16 = 1
| sw16 = −9.64
| sc16 = +1

|party17 = Schleswig-Holstein Particularist Liberals
|color17 = #EEDC82
|votes17 = 6968
|seats17 = 2
| sw17 = −1.03
| sc17 = −6

|party18 = [[General German Workers' Association#Lasallean General German Workers' Association|Lassallean General German Workers' Association]]
|color18 = {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}
|votes18 = 4770
|seats18 = 0
| sw18 = −0.02
| sc18 = −1

|party19 = Saxon Particularist Conservatives
|color19 = #007FFF
|votes19 = 1549
|seats19 = 0
| sw19 = −0.06
| sc19 = 0

|party20 = Others
|votes20 = 17596
|seats20 = 0
| sw20 = −0.84
| sc20 = 0

|party21 = Unknown
|votes21 = 894
|seats21 = 0
| sw21 = −0.07
| sc21 = 0

|invalid = 19016
|total_sc = +85
|electorate = 7656283
|source=[https://wahlen-in-deutschland.de/krtw.htm Wahlen in Deutschland]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{German elections}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Federal elections in Germany]]
[[Category:1871 elections in Germany]]
[[Category:Elections in the German Empire]]
[[Category:March 1871 events]]

Latest revision as of 08:22, 6 December 2024

1871 German federal election
← 1868 3 March 1871 (1871-03-03) 1874 →
All 382 seats in the Reichstag
192 seats needed for a majority
Registered7,656,283
Turnout3,905,531 (51.01%)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Con
Leader Rudolf von Bennigsen Hermann von Mallinckrodt
Party NlP Centre Conservatives
Leader since 1867 1870
Last election 23.28%, 104 seats Did not exist 14.82%, 65 seats
Seats won 117 58 56
Seat change Increase 13 New party Decrease 9
Popular vote 1,125,942 707,896 524,881
Percentage 28.97% 18.21% 13.51%
Swing Increase 5.69 pp New party Decrease 1.31 pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
DFP
Leader Viktor I, Duke of Ratibor Chlodwig Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
Party DFP DRP LRP
Leader since 1871
Last election 8.75%, 31 seats 6.67%, 37 seats Did not exist
Seats won 45 37 33
Seat change Increase 14 Steady 0 New party
Popular vote 351,209 343,098 274,068
Percentage 9.04% 8.83% 7.05%
Swing Increase 0.29 pp Increase 2.16 pp New party
Map of results (by constituencies)
President of the Zollparlament before election

Eduard von Simson
Independent

President of the Reichstag after election

Eduard von Simson
Independent

This article is part of a series on the
Politics of
Germany
Constitution (Basic Law)
Head of State
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
  • Federal courts
Subdivisions
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  • Presidential elections
  • Parliamentary election
  • European elections
State and local politics
  • State Politics
Foreign relations

  • Foreign relations by country
  • International Relations
Political ideologies

The first federal elections were held in Germany on 3 March 1871.[1] The National Liberal Party emerged as the largest party in the Reichstag, with 117 of the 382 seats.[2] Voter turnout was just 51.0%.

Results

[edit]
1
1
45
7
2
1
13
117
33
3
58
7
37
1
56
PartyVotes%+/–Seats+/–
National Liberal Party1,125,94228.97+5.69117+13
Centre Party707,89618.21New58New
Conservative Party524,88113.51−1.3156−9
German Progress Party351,2099.04+0.2945+14
German Reich Party343,0988.83+2.16370
Imperial Liberal Party274,0687.05New33New
Polish Party176,3424.54−0.5213+2
Independent Liberals74,9031.93−9.055−27
German-Hanoverian Party73,4701.89+1.017+3
General German Workers' Association56,1171.44−0.270−2
Social Democratic Workers' Party41,0401.06−0.191−1
German People's Party29,5950.76−1.231−7
Old Liberals24,9000.64−2.792−16
Danish Party21,1430.54−0.2310
Clericals15,3290.39−9.213−33
Independent conservatives14,8050.38−9.641+1
Schleswig-Holstein Particularist Liberals6,9680.18−1.032−6
Lassallean General German Workers' Association4,7700.12−0.020−1
Saxon Particularist Conservatives1,5490.04−0.0600
Others17,5960.45−0.8400
Unknown8940.02−0.0700
Total3,886,515100.00–382+85
Valid votes3,886,51599.51
Invalid/blank votes19,0160.49
Total votes3,905,531100.00
Registered voters/turnout7,656,28351.01
Source: Wahlen in Deutschland

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p762 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p788
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