Masuma Esmati-Wardak: Difference between revisions

Masuma Esmati-Wardak
Masuma Esmati-Wardak
Minister of Education
	In office; 1990-1992
Member of the House of the People
	In office; 1965–1969
Constituency	Kandahar

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Masuma Esmati-Wardak (1930 -), was an Afghan writer and politician. She was jointly one of the first women to serve in the Afghan parliament in 1965, and served as Minister of Education in 1990-1992.

Life and career

In 1953 she graduated from Kabul Women's College, and received a degree in business in the United States in 1958.^[1]

In 1959, she and Kubra Noorzai became one of the first women to appear in public in Afghanistan without a veil after Queen Humaira Begum had removed hers, supporting the call by the Prime minister Mohammed Daoud Khan for women to voluntary remove their veil.^[2]

In 1964 King Mohammed Zahir Shah appointed her to an advisory committee that reviewed the draft 1964 constitution,^[3] which granted women the right to vote and stand for election. In 1965 she was elected to represent Kandahar in the House of the People of Parliament, and became a leading advocate of women's rights.^[1]^[4] She was the only one of the four women elected in 1965 to run for re-election in 1969, but lost her seat.^[5]

In 1987 she became President of the Afghan Women's Council.^[1]

In May 1990 she was appointed cabinet minister of Education and Training in the government of Mohammad Najibullah.^[6] She was one of two women in the cabinet alongside Saleha Farooq Etemadi, and one of the first women in the Afghan government.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Mattar, Philip (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: D-K. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 786. ISBN 978-0-02865-771-4.
^ Tamim Ansary (2012) Games without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan
^ Sarfraz Khan (2013) Politics of policy and legislation affectin g women in Afghanistan: One step forward two steps back Central Asia Journal, Number 73
^ Skaine, Rosemarie (2001). The Women of Afghanistan Under the Taliban. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-78648-174-3.
^ Louis Dupree (2014) Afghanistan Princeton University Press, p653
^ Emadi, Hafizullah, Repression, resistance, and women in Afghanistan, Praeger, Westport, Conn., 2002
^ The first five was Kubra Noorzai in 1965, Shafiqa Ziaie in 1971, Anahita Ratebzad in 1976, Masuma Esmati-Wardak in 1990 and Saleha Farooq Etemadi in 1990.

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[mattar-1] Mattar, Philip (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: D-K. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 786. ISBN 978-0-02865-771-4.

[TA-2] Tamim Ansary (2012) Games without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan

[3] Sarfraz Khan (2013) Politics of policy and legislation affectin g women in Afghanistan: One step forward two steps back Central Asia Journal, Number 73

[4] Skaine, Rosemarie (2001). The Women of Afghanistan Under the Taliban. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-78648-174-3.

[5] Louis Dupree (2014) Afghanistan Princeton University Press, p653

[ReferenceC-6] Emadi, Hafizullah, Repression, resistance, and women in Afghanistan, Praeger, Westport, Conn., 2002

[7] The first five was Kubra Noorzai in 1965, Shafiqa Ziaie in 1971, Anahita Ratebzad in 1976, Masuma Esmati-Wardak in 1990 and Saleha Farooq Etemadi in 1990.

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+{{Infobox officeholder
-'''Masuma Esmati-Wardak''' is an [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] writer and politician. In 1953 she graduated from Kabul Women's College, and received a degree in business in the United States in 1958.<ref name=mattar>Mattar, Philip (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: D-K. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 786. ISBN 978-0-02865-771-4.</ref> Between 1959 and 1964 she was the principal of Zarghuna High School in Kabul, and was then appointed as director-general of secondary education. In 1964 she became a member of the Constitutional Advisory Committee which endorsed the progressive 1964 Afghan Constitution. In 1965 she was elected to represent [[Kandahar]] in the Lower House of Parliament, and became a leading advocate of women's rights.<ref name=mattar/><ref>Skaine, Rosemarie (2001). The Women of Afghanistan Under the Taliban. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-78648-174-3.</ref> She married [[Abdul Qayum Wardak]] (former minister of education and professor in the Science Faculty of Kabul University). In 1987 she became President of the Afghan Women's Council.<ref name=mattar />  Under President [[Mohammad Najibullah|Najibullah]] she served as Minister of Education. Masuma has written many books about women's rights in both Pashto and Dari, concerning the contributions and efforts of Afghan women. Her book ''Women's Contributions to Pashtu Oral Tradition '' was also translated into English.{{Citation needed|date=May 2014}}
+| name = Masuma Esmati-Wardak
+| office1 =  [[Ministry of Education (Afghanistan)|Minister of Education]]
+| term1 = 1990-1992
+| office2 = Member of the [[House of the People (Afghanistan)|House of the People]]
+| constituency2 = Kandahar
+| term2 = 1965–1969
+| birth_place =
+| birth_date =
+| death_date =
+| death_place =
+}}
+'''Masuma Esmati-Wardak''' (1930 -), was an [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] writer and politician. She was jointly one of the first women to serve in the Afghan parliament in 1965, and served as [[Ministry of Education (Afghanistan)|Minister of Education]] in 1990-1992.
+==Life and career==
+In 1953 she graduated from Kabul Women's College, and received a degree in business in the United States in 1958.<ref name=mattar>Mattar, Philip (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa: D-K. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 786. {{ISBN|978-0-02865-771-4}}.</ref>
+In 1959, she and [[Kubra Noorzai]] became one of the first women to appear in public in Afghanistan without a veil after Queen [[Humaira Begum]] had removed hers, supporting the call by the Prime minister [[Mohammed Daoud Khan]] for women to voluntary remove their [[veil]].<ref name=TA>Tamim Ansary (2012) [https://books.google.com/books?id=VKg4DgAAQBAJ&pg=PT147 Games without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan]</ref>
+In 1964 King [[Mohammed Zahir Shah]] appointed her to an advisory committee that reviewed the draft [[Constitution of Afghanistan|1964 constitution]],<ref>Sarfraz Khan (2013) [https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=734084073084126068097080023112073073009059020040024005127082122092031121122097077028023120035124013123097070122123082120007118025029008051018115077123113094122100010006017079090068079117020090094006090076024109125099019125099104102099121075115013067085&EXT=pdf Politics of policy and legislation affectin g women in Afghanistan: One step forward two steps back] ''Central Asia Journal, Number 73</ref> which granted women the right to vote and stand for election. In [[1965 Afghan parliamentary election|1965]] she was elected to represent [[Kandahar]] in the [[House of the People (Afghanistan)|House of the People]] of Parliament, and became a leading advocate of women's rights.<ref name=mattar/><ref>Skaine, Rosemarie (2001). The Women of Afghanistan Under the Taliban. McFarland. {{ISBN|978-0-78648-174-3}}.</ref> She was the only one of the four women elected in 1965 to run for re-election in [[1969 Afghan parliamentary election|1969]], but lost her seat.<ref>Louis Dupree (2014) [https://books.google.com/books?id=yvr_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA653 ''Afghanistan''] Princeton University Press, p653</ref>
+In 1987 she became President of the [[Afghan Women's Council]].<ref name=mattar />
+In May 1990 she was appointed cabinet minister of Education and Training in the government of [[Mohammad Najibullah]].<ref name="ReferenceC">Emadi, Hafizullah, Repression, resistance, and women in Afghanistan, Praeger, Westport, Conn., 2002</ref> She was one of two women in the cabinet alongside [[Saleha Farooq Etemadi]], and one of the first women in the Afghan government.<ref>The first five was [[Kubra Noorzai]] in 1965, [[Shafiqa Ziaie]] in 1971, [[Anahita Ratebzad]] in 1976, [[Masuma Esmati-Wardak]] in 1990 and Saleha Farooq Etemadi in 1990.</ref>
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
+{{Feminism}}
+{{authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Esmati-Wardak, Masuma}}
-[[Category:Afghan women in politics]]
-[[Category:Afghan writers]]
 [[Category:1930 births]]
-[[Category:Afghan feminists]]
-[[Category:Pashtun people]]
 [[Category:Living people]]
+[[Category:Afghan writers]]
+[[Category:Afghan feminists]]
+[[Category:Pashtun politicians]]
 [[Category:Members of the House of the People (Afghanistan)]]
 [[Category:Communist government ministers of Afghanistan]]
-[[Category:Women government ministers]]
+[[Category:Women government ministers of Afghanistan]]
+[[Category:20th-century Afghan women politicians]]
+[[Category:Pashtun women politicians]]
+[[Category:Pashtun women writers]]
+[[Category:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan politicians]]