Jump to content

David Guest (communist): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
various edits
 
(70 intermediate revisions by 50 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|British communist activist}}
{{about||the American producer|David Gest|the Australian field hockey player|David Guest (field hockey)}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = David Guest
⚫
| honorific_suffix =
⚫
| name = David Guest
| image = David Guest meets Harry Pollitt in Spain.png
⚫
| honorific_suffix =
⚫
| alt =
| image = <!-- just the name, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| image_size =
| caption = David Guest (left) meets [[Harry Pollitt]] in Spain
| alt =
| birth_name = David Haden-Guest
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1911|01|06}}
| birth_name = David Haden-Guest
| birth_place =
| birth_date = 1911
| death_date = {{death date and age |df=y|1938|07|28|1911|01|06}}
| birth_place =
| death_place = [[Gandesa]], Spain
⚫
| death_cause = [[Killed in action]]
| death_date = 28 July {{Death year and age|1938|1911}}
| death_place = [[Gandesa]], [[Spain]]
| resting_place = Gandesa
⚫
| death_cause = [[Killed in action]]
⚫
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| monuments =
| monuments =
| residence =
| nationality = British
| other_names =
| nationality = {{flagicon|UK}} [[British people|British]]
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education =
| ethnicity = <!-- Ethnicity should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| citizenship =
| alma_mater = [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]
| education =
| occupation = Mathematician, philosopher
| years_active = 1931–1938
| alma_mater = [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]
| occupation = Mathematician, philosopher
| employer =
| years_active = 1932-1938
| organization =
| employer =
| known_for =
| organization =
| notable_works =
| known_for =
| style =
| notable_works =
| party = [[Communist Party of Great Britain]]
| style =
| spouse =
| influences =
| partner = Suzanne McShane
| influenced =
| children =
⚫
| parents = [[Leslie Haden-Guest, 1st Baron Haden-Guest]] & Muriel Ethel Carmel Goldsmid
⚫
| home_town =
⚫
| relatives = [[Peter Haden-Guest, 4th Baron Haden-Guest]] (brother)
| religion = <!-- Religion should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
⚫
| awards =
| denomination = <!-- Denomination should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| spouse =
| signature =
| partner =
| signature_alt =
| children =
| signature_size =
⚫
| website = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} -->
⚫
| parents = [[Leslie Haden-Guest, 1st Baron Haden-Guest]] & Muriel Ethel Carmel Goldsmid
⚫
| footnotes =
⚫
| relatives = [[Peter Haden-Guest, 4th Baron Haden-Guest]] (brother)
| awards =
| module = {{Infobox military person
| signature =
|embed = yes
|embed_title = Military service
| signature_alt =
|allegiance = {{Flag|Spanish Republic}}
| signature_size =
|branch = [[File:Emblem of the International Brigades.svg|25px]] [[International Brigades]]
⚫
| website = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} -->
|unit = [[British Battalion]] of the [[XV International Brigade|"Abraham Lincoln" XV International Brigade]]
⚫
| footnotes =
| box_width =
|battles = [[Spanish Civil War]]
}}
}}
⚫
}}
'''David Guest''' (1911– 28 July 1938) was a [[Communism|Communist]] [[United Kingdom|British]] [[mathematics|mathematician]] and [[philosophy|philosopher]] who volunteered to fight in the [[Spanish Civil War]] and was killed in [[Spain]] in 1938.
'''David Guest''' (6 January 1911<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ilofBAAAQBAJ&q=david+guest+spain+buried&pg=PA255|title=Spanische Erinnerungskultur: Die Assmann'sche Theorie des kulturellen Gedächtnisses und der Bürgerkrieg 1936–1939|page=255|author=Birgit Sondergeld|publisher=Springer-Verlag|year=2010|isbn=9783531924915|accessdate=21 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131051417/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ilofBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA255&lpg=PA255&dq=david+guest+spain+buried&source=bl&ots=Ga6kuOSCPm&sig=e-GSnIiyGz6CbVwr4IyRfc3P2-0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9_dj7qLvKAhVDthQKHW0VAk4Q6AEIMDAD#v=onepage&q=david%20guest%20spain%20buried&f=false|archive-date=31 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>– 28 July 1938) was a British [[mathematician]] and philosopher who volunteered to fight for the [[Second Spanish Republic|Republicans]] in the [[Spanish Civil War]] and was killed in Spain in 1938. He was the uncle of American-British musician, actor and director [[Christopher Guest]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
Guest was the son of [[Leslie Haden-Guest, 1st Baron Haden-Guest]]. He entered [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], in 1929 and studied from 1930 to 1931 in [[Göttingen]] in [[Germany]], where he became involved in anti-[[Nazism|Nazi]] politics, and joined the [[Communist Party of Great Britain|Communist Party]] at Cambridge in 1931. After leaving Cambridge he lectured in [[mathematics]] and worked for the Communist party, even teaching in a secondary school for English-speaking children in [[Moscow]].
Guest was the son of [[Leslie Haden-Guest, 1st Baron Haden-Guest|Leslie Haden-Guest]] (created 1st [[Baron Haden-Guest]] in 1950), a longtime Labour Party Member of Parliament and Muriel Ethel Carmel Goldsmid, daughter of [[Albert Goldsmid]] (a pioneering Zionist as head of [[Hovevei Zion]] in Great Britain and Ireland) from the [[Goldsmid family]] of merchant bankers.


He entered [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], in 1929 and studied from 1930 to 1931 in [[Göttingen]] in Germany, where he witnessed the latter years of the [[Weimar Republic]] and the rise of the [[Nazi Party]].<ref>Helena Sheehan ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=dG_nDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22David%20Guest%22%20prison%20Gottingen%20-Gest&pg=PT508 Marxism and the Philosophy of Science]''.</ref> He became involved "[[Roter Frontkämpferbund|anti-fascist activity]]".<ref name="Stevenson"/> Arrested at a communist youth demonstration, he was released after a two weeks.<ref name="Spartacus"/> On his return he joined the [[Communist Party of Great Britain|Communist Party]] at Cambridge in 1931.<ref name="Stevenson">{{cite book|url=https://grahamstevenson.me.uk/2008/09/19/david-guest/|title=David Guest|author=Michael Walker|publisher=Communist Biogs|accessdate=17 January 2024}}</ref> There Guest became the head of a party cell that included [[John Cornford]], [[Guy Burgess]], [[Donald Maclean (spy)|Donald Maclean]], [[Victor Kiernan]] and [[James Klugmann]].<ref name="Spartacus">{{Cite web |url=http://spartacus-educational.com/David_Guest.htm |title=Biography of David Guest |access-date=18 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020060341/http://spartacus-educational.com/David_Guest.htm |archive-date=20 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> This enabled dons such as [[Maurice Dobb]] and [[John Bernal]] to take a more discreet back seat. It was claimed that David Guest would "stride into hall at Trinity wearing a hammer and sickle pin in his lapel."<ref>Phillip Knightley, Philby: KGB Masterspy (1988) page 32</ref>
⚫
In 1938 he left work as a lecturer at [[University of Southampton|University College]] in [[Southampton]] to volunteer for the [[International Brigade]] fighting in Spain. He wrote of his decision:

In 1933, after leaving Cambridge Guest moved to Battersea, South London, where he lectured in [[mathematics]] and worked for the Communist party at the ''Peoples' Bookshop'' in [[Lavender Hill]]. He soon became active in Battersea [[Young Communist League (Great Britain)|Young Communist League]]. While working at the bookshop he joined the shop workers union. In May 1935, he organised a Youth Peace Parade of fifty young people, some dressed as nurses, others with gas masks and with stretchers, to warn of war. For a short period of time he taught at a secondary school for English-speaking children in Moscow, but returned to England to lecture at [[University of Southampton|University College]] in [[Southampton]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://grahamstevenson.me.uk/2008/09/19/david-guest/|title=Guest David |access-date=25 July 2021|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030044844/https://grahamstevenson.me.uk/2008/09/19/david-guest/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 }}</ref>

⚫
In 1938 he left his post as a lecturer at University College to volunteer for the [[International Brigades]] fighting in Spain. He wrote of his decision:
:''Today we have certainly entered a period of crisis, when the arguments of 'normal times' no longer apply, when considerations of most immediate usefulness come in. That is why I have decided to take the opportunity of going to Spain.''
:''Today we have certainly entered a period of crisis, when the arguments of 'normal times' no longer apply, when considerations of most immediate usefulness come in. That is why I have decided to take the opportunity of going to Spain.''
On 28 July 1938<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/spanjews.pdf |title=Against Fascism - Jews who served in The International Brigade in the Spanish Civil War |first=Martin |last=Sugarman |work=[[Jewish Virtual Library]] |year=2012 |accessdate=6 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.international-brigades.org.uk/british_volunteers/roll_of_honour.htm |title=List of those who died in Spain |first1=Jim |last1=Carmody |first2=Richard |last2=Baxell| authorlink2=Richard Baxell |work=[[International Brigade Memorial Trust]] |year=2012 |accessdate=6 April 2012}}</ref> during the [[Battle of the Ebro]] David Guest was killed on Hill 481<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.stanford.edu/group/auden/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I14848&ged=auden-bicknell.ged |title=David Haden-Guest |first=Nicholas |last=Jenkins |work=W.H. Auden - Family Ghosts |year=2012 |accessdate=6 April 2012}}</ref> at [[Gandesa]] by a sniper as he read a newspaper.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/may/01/spain.uk |title=Forgotten warriors return to battle sites |first=Peter |last=Beaumont |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=1 May 2005 |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group|GMG]] |location=[[London, England|London]] |issn=0261-3077 |oclc=60623878 |accessdate=6 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10D1FF93455117289DDAE0894D0405B888FF1D3 |title=TEACHER KILLED IN SPAIN - David Guest, British Communist, Fought With Loyalists|work=[[The New York Times]] |date=7 August 1938 |accessdate=6 April 2012}}</ref>
Guest arrived in Spain on 31 March 1938 and joined the [[British Battalion]] of the International Brigades. The Battalion went into action at the [[Battle of the Ebro]] which began on 25 July 1938. Three days later, on 28 July,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/spanjews.pdf |title=Against Fascism – Jews who served in The International Brigade in the Spanish Civil War |first=Martin |last=Sugarman |work=[[Jewish Virtual Library]] |year=2012 |accessdate=6 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421032616/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/spanjews.pdf |archive-date=21 April 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.international-brigades.org.uk/british_volunteers/roll_of_honour.htm |title=List of those who died in Spain |first1=Jim |last1=Carmody |first2=Richard |last2=Baxell |authorlink2=Richard Baxell |work=[[International Brigade Memorial Trust]] |year=2012 |accessdate=6 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207001643/http://www.international-brigades.org.uk/british_volunteers/roll_of_honour.htm |archivedate=7 February 2012 }}</ref> Guest was killed on Hill 481<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stanford.edu/group/auden/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I14848&ged=auden-bicknell.ged |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805145706/http://www.stanford.edu/group/auden/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I14848&ged=auden-bicknell.ged |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 August 2012 |title=David Haden-Guest |first=Nicholas |last=Jenkins |work=W.H. Auden – Family Ghosts |year=2012 |accessdate=6 April 2012 }}</ref> at [[Gandesa]] by a sniper as he read a newspaper.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/01/spain.uk |title=Forgotten warriors return to battle sites |first=Peter |last=Beaumont |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=1 May 2005 |location=London |issn=0261-3077 |oclc=60623878 |accessdate=6 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829050349/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/01/spain.uk |archive-date=29 August 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10D1FF93455117289DDAE0894D0405B888FF1D3 |title=TEACHER KILLED IN SPAIN – David Guest, British Communist, Fought With Loyalists|work=[[The New York Times]] |date=7 August 1938 |accessdate=6 April 2012}}</ref>


After his death, notes he had made while lecturing at the Marx Memorial Workers' School were published as ''A Text Book of [[Dialectical Materialism]]'' in 1939.
After his death, notes he had made while lecturing at the Marx Memorial Workers' School were published as ''A Text Book of [[Dialectical Materialism]]'' in 1939.


==Publications==
==Publications==
*Guest, David, (1939) ''A Text Book Of Dialectical Materialism'', Lawrence And Wishart (republished as ''Lectures On Marxist Philosophy'' (1963))
*Guest, David, (1939) ''A Text Book of Dialectical Materialism'', Lawrence & Wishart (republished as ''Lectures on Marxist Philosophy'' (1963)).


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{worldcat id|lccn-n98-22956}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.grahamstevenson.me.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=250:david-guest&catid=7:g&Itemid=108 |title=David Guest |first=Michael |last=Walker |work=A Compendium of Communist Biographies }}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.grahamstevenson.me.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=250:david-guest&catid=7:g&Itemid=108 |title=David Guest |first=Michael |last=Walker |work=A Compendium of Communist Biographies }}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Guest, Carmel Hayden (1939) ''David Guest - A Scientist Fights For Freedom 1911-1938'', Lawrence and Wishart.
* Guest, Carmel Hayden (1939) ''David Guest – A Scientist Fights For Freedom 1911–1938'', Lawrence and Wishart.
{{XV International Brigade}}
⚫
{{Authority control}}


⚫
{{Authority control|VIAF=41151489}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Guest, David
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British mathematician and philosopher
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1911
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1938
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Gandesa]], [[Spain]]
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guest, David}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guest, David}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:1911 births]]
Line 89: Line 84:
[[Category:20th-century British mathematicians]]
[[Category:20th-century British mathematicians]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:British Jews]]
[[Category:20th-century British Jews]]
[[Category:British Marxists]]
[[Category:British Marxists]]
[[Category:British people of the Spanish Civil War]]
[[Category:British people of the Spanish Civil War]]
⚫
[[Category:British philosophers]]
[[Category:Communist Party of Great Britain members]]
[[Category:Communist Party of Great Britain members]]
[[Category:International Brigades personnel]]
[[Category:International Brigades personnel killed in action]]
[[Category:Jewish philosophers]]
[[Category:Jewish philosophers]]
[[Category:Military personnel killed in the Spanish Civil War]]
[[Category:Jewish communists]]
[[Category:Haden-Guest family|David]]
⚫
[[Category:20th-century British philosophers]]
[[Category:Younger sons of barons]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Spain]]
[[Category:British military personnel killed in action]]

Latest revision as of 19:57, 6 December 2024

David Guest
David Guest (left) meets Harry Pollitt in Spain
Born
David Haden-Guest

(1911-01-06)6 January 1911
Died28 July 1938(1938-07-28) (aged 27)
Gandesa, Spain
Cause of deathKilled in action
Resting placeGandesa
NationalityBritish
Alma materTrinity College, Cambridge
Occupation(s)Mathematician, philosopher
Years active1931–1938
Political partyCommunist Party of Great Britain
PartnerSuzanne McShane
ParentLeslie Haden-Guest, 1st Baron Haden-Guest & Muriel Ethel Carmel Goldsmid
RelativesPeter Haden-Guest, 4th Baron Haden-Guest (brother)
Military service
Allegiance Spanish Republic
Service / branch International Brigades
UnitBritish Battalion of the "Abraham Lincoln" XV International Brigade
Battles / warsSpanish Civil War

David Guest (6 January 1911[1]– 28 July 1938) was a British mathematician and philosopher who volunteered to fight for the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War and was killed in Spain in 1938. He was the uncle of American-British musician, actor and director Christopher Guest.

Biography

[edit]

Guest was the son of Leslie Haden-Guest (created 1st Baron Haden-Guest in 1950), a longtime Labour Party Member of Parliament and Muriel Ethel Carmel Goldsmid, daughter of Albert Goldsmid (a pioneering Zionist as head of Hovevei Zion in Great Britain and Ireland) from the Goldsmid family of merchant bankers.

He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1929 and studied from 1930 to 1931 in Göttingen in Germany, where he witnessed the latter years of the Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazi Party.[2] He became involved "anti-fascist activity".[3] Arrested at a communist youth demonstration, he was released after a two weeks.[4] On his return he joined the Communist Party at Cambridge in 1931.[3] There Guest became the head of a party cell that included John Cornford, Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean, Victor Kiernan and James Klugmann.[4] This enabled dons such as Maurice Dobb and John Bernal to take a more discreet back seat. It was claimed that David Guest would "stride into hall at Trinity wearing a hammer and sickle pin in his lapel."[5]

In 1933, after leaving Cambridge Guest moved to Battersea, South London, where he lectured in mathematics and worked for the Communist party at the Peoples' Bookshop in Lavender Hill. He soon became active in Battersea Young Communist League. While working at the bookshop he joined the shop workers union. In May 1935, he organised a Youth Peace Parade of fifty young people, some dressed as nurses, others with gas masks and with stretchers, to warn of war. For a short period of time he taught at a secondary school for English-speaking children in Moscow, but returned to England to lecture at University College in Southampton.[6]

In 1938 he left his post as a lecturer at University College to volunteer for the International Brigades fighting in Spain. He wrote of his decision:

Today we have certainly entered a period of crisis, when the arguments of 'normal times' no longer apply, when considerations of most immediate usefulness come in. That is why I have decided to take the opportunity of going to Spain.

Guest arrived in Spain on 31 March 1938 and joined the British Battalion of the International Brigades. The Battalion went into action at the Battle of the Ebro which began on 25 July 1938. Three days later, on 28 July,[7][8] Guest was killed on Hill 481[9] at Gandesa by a sniper as he read a newspaper.[10][11]

After his death, notes he had made while lecturing at the Marx Memorial Workers' School were published as A Text Book of Dialectical Materialism in 1939.

Publications

[edit]
  • Guest, David, (1939) A Text Book of Dialectical Materialism, Lawrence & Wishart (republished as Lectures on Marxist Philosophy (1963)).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Birgit Sondergeld (2010). Spanische Erinnerungskultur: Die Assmann'sche Theorie des kulturellen Gedächtnisses und der Bürgerkrieg 1936–1939. Springer-Verlag. p. 255. ISBN 9783531924915. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  2. ^ Helena Sheehan Marxism and the Philosophy of Science.
  3. ^ a b Michael Walker. David Guest. Communist Biogs. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  4. ^ a b "Biography of David Guest". Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  5. ^ Phillip Knightley, Philby: KGB Masterspy (1988) page 32
  6. ^ "Guest David". Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  7. ^ Sugarman, Martin (2012). "Against Fascism – Jews who served in The International Brigade in the Spanish Civil War" (PDF). Jewish Virtual Library. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  8. ^ Carmody, Jim; Baxell, Richard (2012). "List of those who died in Spain". International Brigade Memorial Trust. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  9. ^ Jenkins, Nicholas (2012). "David Haden-Guest". W.H. Auden – Family Ghosts. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  10. ^ Beaumont, Peter (1 May 2005). "Forgotten warriors return to battle sites". The Guardian. London. ISSN 0261-3077. OCLC 60623878. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  11. ^ "TEACHER KILLED IN SPAIN – David Guest, British Communist, Fought With Loyalists". The New York Times. 7 August 1938. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
[edit]
  • Walker, Michael. "David Guest". A Compendium of Communist Biographies.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Guest, Carmel Hayden (1939) David Guest – A Scientist Fights For Freedom 1911–1938, Lawrence and Wishart.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=David_Guest_(communist)&oldid=1261569875"