Jump to content

Audrey Flack: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
1986, cite
m Clean up spacing around commas and other punctuation fixes, replaced: ,y → , y
 
(30 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox artist
{{Infobox artist
| name = Audrey Flack
| name = Audrey Flack
| image = Self_portrait_Audrey_Flack.jpg
| image = Self_portrait_Audrey_Flack.jpg
| image_size =
| image_size =
| caption = Flack with her self-portrait of 1974
| caption = Flack with her self-portrait
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1931|05|30}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1931|05|30}}
| birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S.
| birth_place = New York City, U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|06|28|1931|05|30}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2024|06|28|1931|05|30}}
| death_place = [[Southampton, New York]], U.S.
| death_place = [[Southampton, New York]], U.S.
| resting_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| field = Painting, Sculpture
| field = Painting, sculpture
| training = [[The High School of Music & Art]]<br />[[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]]<br />[[Yale University]]<br />[[Cooper Union]]
| training = [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]]<br />[[Yale University]]<br />[[Cooper Union]]
| movement = [[Photorealism]]
| movement = [[Photorealism]]
| works =
| works =
| patrons =
| patrons =
| awards =
| awards =
| spouse = Robert Marcus
| spouse = Frank Levy, Robert Marcus (m. 1970)
| website = [http://www.audreyflack.com www.audreyflack.com]
| website = [http://www.audreyflack.com www.audreyflack.com]
| signature = Audrey Flack.JPG
| signature = Audrey Flack.JPG
| signature_alt = Artist's signature on [[:c:Category:Statue of Catherine of Braganza in Lisbon|bronze]]
| signature_alt = Artist's signature on [[:c:Category:Statue of Catherine of Braganza in Lisbon|bronze]]
| children = 2
}}
}}


'''Audrey Flack''' (May 30, 1931 – June 28, 2024) was an American visual artist. Her work pioneered the art genre of [[photorealism]] and encompasses painting, printmaking, sculpture, and photography.
'''Audrey Lenora Flack''' (May 30, 1931 – June 28, 2024) was an American visual artist. Her work pioneered the art genre of [[photorealism]] and encompasses painting, printmaking, sculpture, and photography.


Flack had numerous academic degrees, including both a graduate and an [[honorary doctorate degree]] from [[Cooper Union]] in New York City. Additionally she had a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from [[Yale University]] and attended [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]] where she studied [[art history]]. In May 2015, Flack received an honorary [[Doctor of Fine Arts]] degree from [[Clark University]], where she gave a commencement address.
Flack had numerous academic degrees, including both a graduate and an [[honorary doctoral degree]] from [[Cooper Union]] in New York City. Additionally she had a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from [[Yale University]] and attended [[New York University Institute of Fine Arts]] where she studied [[art history]]. In May 2015, Flack received an honorary [[Doctor of Fine Arts]] degree from [[Clark University]], where she gave a commencement address.


Flack's work is displayed in several major museums, including the [[Museum of Modern Art]], the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]], and the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]. Flack's photorealistic paintings were the first such paintings to be purchased for the Museum of Modern Art's permanent collection, and her legacy as a photorealist lives on to influence many American and International artists today. [[J. B. Speed Art Museum]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], organized a retrospective of her work, and Flack's pioneering efforts into the world of photorealism popularized the genre to the extent that it remains today.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Meisel|first1=Louis|title=Biography of Audrey Flack|url=http://audreyflack.com/af/index.php?name=bio|access-date=February 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318070027/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|archive-date=March 18, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Flack was an Honorary Vice President of the [[National Association of Women Artists]].
Flack's work is displayed in several major museums, including the [[Museum of Modern Art]], the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]], and the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]. Flack's photorealistic paintings were the first such paintings to be purchased for the Museum of Modern Art's permanent collection, and her legacy as a photorealist lives on to influence many American and International artists today. [[J. B. Speed Art Museum]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], organized a retrospective of her work, and Flack's pioneering efforts into the world of photorealism popularized the genre to the extent that it remains today.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Meisel|first1=Louis|title=Biography of Audrey Flack|url=http://audreyflack.com/af/index.php?name=bio|access-date=February 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318070027/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|archive-date=March 18, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> Flack was an Honorary Vice President of the [[National Association of Women Artists]].


An accomplished [[banjo]] player, Flack was lead vocalist for ''Audrey Flack and the History of Art Band'' who released a 2012 album.<ref name=Baskind>{{cite news|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/remarkable-legacy-artist-feminist-audrey-flack-died-180978318/|title=The Remarkable Legacy of Artist and Feminist Audrey Flack, Dead at 93|date=July 3, 2024|access-date=July 5, 2024|last=Baskind|first=Samantha|work=[[Smithsonian magazine|Smithsonian]]}}</ref> Flack was one of three living women added to [[H. W. Janson|Janson]]'s ''History of Art'' in its ''1986 3rd edition''.<ref name=Baskind/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofart0003jans/page/8/mode/2up?q=women|last1=Janson|first1=H.W.|last2=Janson|first2=Anthony F.|author1-link=H. W. Janson|publisher=[[H.N. Abrams]]; [[Prentice-Hall]]|title=History of Art|isbn={{Format ISBN|9780133893885}}|page=8|date=1986|via=[[Internet Archive]]|access-date=July 5, 2024|quote=And the achievement of women artists here receives recognition, long overdue.}}</ref>
An accomplished [[banjo]] player, Flack was lead vocalist for ''Audrey Flack and the History of Art Band'' who released a 2012 album.<ref name=Baskind>{{cite news|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/remarkable-legacy-artist-feminist-audrey-flack-died-180978318/|title=The Remarkable Legacy of Artist and Feminist Audrey Flack, Dead at 93|date=July 3, 2024|access-date=July 5, 2024|last=Baskind|first=Samantha|work=[[Smithsonian magazine|Smithsonian]]}}</ref> Hitherto, the textbook [[H. W. Janson|Janson]]'s ''History of Art'' did not mention a female artist; Flack was one of three living women added after Janson's death in the ''History of Art's'' 3rd edition in 1986.<ref name=Baskind/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofart0003jans/page/8/mode/2up?q=women|last1=Janson|first1=H.W.|last2=Janson|first2=Anthony F.|author1-link=H. W. Janson|publisher=[[H.N. Abrams]]; [[Prentice-Hall]]|title=History of Art|isbn=978-0-13-389388-5|page=8|date=1986|via=[[Internet Archive]]|access-date=July 5, 2024|quote=And the achievement of women artists here receives recognition, long overdue.}}</ref>


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Flack attended New York's [[High School of Music & Art]].<ref>[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653 "Oral history interview with Audrey Flack,"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104003139/http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653 |date=November 4, 2016 }} Smithsonian Institution Archives of American Art website (February 16, 2009).</ref> She studied fine arts in New York City from 1948 to 1953, studying under [[Josef Albers]] among others.<ref name=AAA>{{cite web|title=Audrey Flack papers, circa 1952–2008|url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/audrey-flack-papers-15666|work=Archives of American Art|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=April 9, 2013|archive-date=June 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613183843/https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/audrey-flack-papers-15666|url-status=live}}</ref> She earned a graduate degree and received an honorary doctorate from [[Cooper Union]] in New York City and a [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]] from [[Yale University]]. She studied art history at the [[Institute of Fine Arts]], [[New York University]].<ref name=bio>{{cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|work=Audrey Flack|publisher=audreyflack.com|access-date=April 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801112554/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|archive-date=August 1, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Flack was born in Manhattan, to Jeanette Flichtenfeld Flack and Morris Flack, owner of a garment factory. Both parents had immigrated to the US from Poland.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Heinrich |first=Will |date=July 5, 2024 |title=Audrey Flack, Creator of Vibrant Photorealist Art, Dies at 93 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/03/arts/audrey-flack-dead.html |access-date=2024-07-05 |work=The New York Times |page=B10 |language=en-US |volume=173 |issue=60206 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Flack attended New York's [[High School of Music & Art]].<ref>[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653 "Oral history interview with Audrey Flack,"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104003139/http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-audrey-flack-15653 |date=November 4, 2016 }} Smithsonian Institution Archives of American Art website (February 16, 2009).</ref> She attended Cooper Union, then transferred to Yale College in 1952 to study fine arts with [[Josef Albers]] among others.<ref name=AAA>{{cite web|title=Audrey Flack papers, circa 1952–2008|url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/audrey-flack-papers-15666|work=Archives of American Art|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=April 9, 2013|archive-date=June 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613183843/https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/audrey-flack-papers-15666|url-status=live}}</ref> She earned a graduate degree and received an honorary doctorate from [[Cooper Union]] in New York City and a [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]] from [[Yale University]]. She studied art history at the [[Institute of Fine Arts]], [[New York University]].<ref name=bio>{{cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|work=Audrey Flack|publisher=audreyflack.com|access-date=April 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801112554/http://www.audreyflack.com/AF/index.php?name=bio|archive-date=August 1, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
Line 40: Line 41:
Flack's early work in the 1950s was [[abstract expressionist]]; one such painting paid tribute to [[Franz Kline]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Hyperallergic]]|title=Learning from an Artist's Early Experiments with AbEx|last=Malone|first=Peter|date=May 28, 2015|access-date=July 3, 2024|url=https://hyperallergic.com/209959/learning-from-an-artists-early-experiments-with-abex/|archive-date=July 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702165131/https://hyperallergic.com/209959/learning-from-an-artists-early-experiments-with-abex/|url-status=live}}</ref> The ironic [[kitsch]] themes in her early work influenced [[Jeff Koons]].<ref name=NMWAblog>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.nmwa.org/2010/05/19/from-nmwas-vault-audrey-flack/|title=From NMWA's Vault: Audrey Flack|last=arts|first=Women in the|date=May 19, 2010|website=Broad Strokes: The National Museum of Women in the Arts' Blog|language=en-US|access-date=March 2, 2019|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044317/https://blog.nmwa.org/2010/05/19/from-nmwas-vault-audrey-flack/|url-status=dead}}</ref> But gradually, Flack became a [[Nouveau réalisme|New Realist]] and then evolved into photorealism during the 1960s. Her move to the photorealist style was in part because she wanted her art to communicate to the viewer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of Women Artists|last=Gaze|first=Delia|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|year=1997|isbn=1-884964-21-4|location=Chicago, IL|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofwome01gaze/page/526 526]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofwome01gaze/page/526}}</ref> She was the first photorealist painter to be added to the collection of the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in 1966.<ref name=JVL>{{cite web|title=Audrey Flack Biography|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Flack.html|work=Jewish Virtual Library|publisher=American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise|access-date=April 9, 2013|archive-date=July 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716164042/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Flack.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Between 1976 and 1978 she painted her Vanitas series, including the iconic piece [[Marilyn (Vanitas)|Marilyn]].<ref>{{Cite web| title = Audrey Flack's Marilyn: Still Life, Vanitas, Trompe l'Oeil| work = The University of Arizona Museum of Art and Archive of Visual Arts| access-date = January 11, 2018| url = http://artmuseum.arizona.edu/events/event/audrey-flacks-marilyn-still-life-vanitas-trompe-loeil| archive-date = January 11, 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180111165600/http://artmuseum.arizona.edu/events/event/audrey-flacks-marilyn-still-life-vanitas-trompe-loeil| url-status = dead}}</ref>
Flack's early work in the 1950s was [[abstract expressionist]]; one such painting paid tribute to [[Franz Kline]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Hyperallergic]]|title=Learning from an Artist's Early Experiments with AbEx|last=Malone|first=Peter|date=May 28, 2015|access-date=July 3, 2024|url=https://hyperallergic.com/209959/learning-from-an-artists-early-experiments-with-abex/|archive-date=July 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702165131/https://hyperallergic.com/209959/learning-from-an-artists-early-experiments-with-abex/|url-status=live}}</ref> The ironic [[kitsch]] themes in her early work influenced [[Jeff Koons]].<ref name=NMWAblog>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.nmwa.org/2010/05/19/from-nmwas-vault-audrey-flack/|title=From NMWA's Vault: Audrey Flack|last=arts|first=Women in the|date=May 19, 2010|website=Broad Strokes: The National Museum of Women in the Arts' Blog|language=en-US|access-date=March 2, 2019|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044317/https://blog.nmwa.org/2010/05/19/from-nmwas-vault-audrey-flack/|url-status=dead}}</ref> But gradually, Flack became a [[Nouveau réalisme|New Realist]] and then evolved into photorealism during the 1960s. Her move to the photorealist style was in part because she wanted her art to communicate to the viewer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of Women Artists|last=Gaze|first=Delia|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|year=1997|isbn=1-884964-21-4|location=Chicago, IL|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofwome01gaze/page/526 526]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofwome01gaze/page/526}}</ref> She was the first photorealist painter to be added to the collection of the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in 1966.<ref name=JVL>{{cite web|title=Audrey Flack Biography|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Flack.html|work=Jewish Virtual Library|publisher=American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise|access-date=April 9, 2013|archive-date=July 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716164042/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Flack.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Between 1976 and 1978 she painted her Vanitas series, including the iconic piece [[Marilyn (Vanitas)|Marilyn]].<ref>{{Cite web| title = Audrey Flack's Marilyn: Still Life, Vanitas, Trompe l'Oeil| work = The University of Arizona Museum of Art and Archive of Visual Arts| access-date = January 11, 2018| url = http://artmuseum.arizona.edu/events/event/audrey-flacks-marilyn-still-life-vanitas-trompe-loeil| archive-date = January 11, 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180111165600/http://artmuseum.arizona.edu/events/event/audrey-flacks-marilyn-still-life-vanitas-trompe-loeil| url-status = dead}}</ref>


The critic Graham Thompson wrote, "One demonstration of the way photography became assimilated into the art world is the success of photorealist painting in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
The critic Graham Thompson wrote,

"One demonstration of the way photography became assimilated into the art world is the success of photorealist painting in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is also called super-realism, radical realism, or [[Hyperrealism (painting)|hyper-realism]] and painters like [[Richard Estes]], [[Denis Peterson]], Flack, and [[Chuck Close]] often worked from photographic stills to create paintings that appeared to be photographs."<ref>Thompson, Graham: ''American Culture in the 1980s'' (Twentieth Century American Culture), Edinburgh University Press, 2007</ref>
It is also called super-realism, radical realism, or [[Hyperrealism (painting)|hyper-realism]] and painters like [[Richard Estes]], [[Denis Peterson]], Flack, and [[Chuck Close]] often worked from photographic stills to create paintings that appeared to be photographs."<ref>Thompson, Graham: ''American Culture in the 1980s'' (Twentieth Century American Culture), Edinburgh University Press, 2007</ref>


Art critic [[Robert C. Morgan]] writes in ''[[The Brooklyn Rail]]'' about Flack's 2010 exhibition at [[Gary Snyder]] Project Space, ''Audrey Flack Paints a Picture'', "She has taken the signs of indulgence, beauty, and excess and transformed them into deeply moving symbols of desire, futility, and emancipation."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Robert C.|title=Audrey Flack and the Revolution of Still Life Painting|journal=The Brooklyn Rail|date=November 2010|url=http://brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting|access-date=April 27, 2012|archive-date=October 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010001308/http://www.brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting|url-status=live}}</ref> In the early 1980s Flack's artistic medium shifted from painting to sculpture.<ref name=":0" /> She described this shift as a desire for "something solid, real, tangible. Something to hold and to hold on to."<ref name="Flack1986" />
Art critic [[Robert C. Morgan]] writes in ''[[The Brooklyn Rail]]'' about Flack's 2010 exhibition at [[Gary Snyder]] Project Space, ''Audrey Flack Paints a Picture'', "She has taken the signs of indulgence, beauty, and excess and transformed them into deeply moving symbols of desire, futility, and emancipation."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Morgan|first=Robert C.|title=Audrey Flack and the Revolution of Still Life Painting|journal=The Brooklyn Rail|date=November 2010|url=http://brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting|access-date=April 27, 2012|archive-date=October 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010001308/http://www.brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting|url-status=live}}</ref> In the early 1980s Flack's artistic medium shifted from painting to sculpture.<ref name=":0" /> She described this shift as a desire for "something solid, real, tangible. Something to hold and to hold on to."<ref name="Flack1986" />
Line 47: Line 49:
Flack claimed to have found the photorealist movement too restricting, and later gained much of her inspiration from [[Baroque]] art.<ref name=NMWAblog />
Flack claimed to have found the photorealist movement too restricting, and later gained much of her inspiration from [[Baroque]] art.<ref name=NMWAblog />


Her work is held in the collections of museums around the world, including the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]],<ref name="The Metropolitan Museum of Art">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack {{!}} Queen |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/263887 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=April 19, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[The Museum of Modern Art]],<ref name="Museum of Modern Art">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack |url=https://www.moma.org/artists/1905 |website=Museum of Modern Art |access-date=April 19, 2023 |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323202526/https://www.moma.org/artists/1905 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]],<ref name="Whitney Museum of American Art">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack |url=https://whitney.org/artists/436 |website=Whitney Museum of American Art |access-date=April 19, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419011026/https://whitney.org/artists/436 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Allen Memorial Art Museum]],<ref name="Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College">{{cite web |title=Strawberry Tart Supreme |url=https://allenartcollection.oberlin.edu/objects/13076/strawberry-tart-supreme?ctx=7854056c6ef2ceac65f379467a0c7710e4c3cc3d&idx=6 |website=Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College |access-date=April 19, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419011027/https://allenartcollection.oberlin.edu/objects/13076/strawberry-tart-supreme?ctx=7854056c6ef2ceac65f379467a0c7710e4c3cc3d&idx=6 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Flack {{!}} Smithsonian American Art Museum |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/audrey-flack-1570 |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=americanart.si.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> and the [[National Gallery of Australia]] in [[Canberra, Australia]].<ref name="National Gallery of Australia">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack – Jolie madame [Pretty woman] |url=https://searchthecollection.nga.gov.au/object/111375 |website=National Gallery of Australia |access-date=April 19, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419011028/https://searchthecollection.nga.gov.au/object/111375 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Her work is held in the collections of museums around the world, including the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]],<ref name="The Metropolitan Museum of Art">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack {{!}} Queen |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/263887 |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |access-date=April 19, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> [[The Museum of Modern Art]],<ref name="Museum of Modern Art">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack |url=https://www.moma.org/artists/1905 |website=Museum of Modern Art |access-date=April 19, 2023 |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323202526/https://www.moma.org/artists/1905 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Whitney Museum of American Art]],<ref name="Whitney Museum of American Art">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack |url=https://whitney.org/artists/436 |website=Whitney Museum of American Art |access-date=April 19, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419011026/https://whitney.org/artists/436 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Allen Memorial Art Museum]],<ref name="Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College">{{cite web |title=Strawberry Tart Supreme |url=https://allenartcollection.oberlin.edu/objects/13076/strawberry-tart-supreme?ctx=7854056c6ef2ceac65f379467a0c7710e4c3cc3d&idx=6 |website=Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College |access-date=April 19, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419011027/https://allenartcollection.oberlin.edu/objects/13076/strawberry-tart-supreme?ctx=7854056c6ef2ceac65f379467a0c7710e4c3cc3d&idx=6 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Flack {{!}} Smithsonian American Art Museum |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/audrey-flack-1570 |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=americanart.si.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> and the [[National Gallery of Australia]] in [[Canberra]], Australia.<ref name="National Gallery of Australia">{{cite web |title=Audrey Flack – Jolie madame [Pretty woman] |url=https://searchthecollection.nga.gov.au/object/111375 |website=National Gallery of Australia |access-date=April 19, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=April 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419011028/https://searchthecollection.nga.gov.au/object/111375 |url-status=live }}</ref>


In 1986 Flack published ''Art & Soul: Notes on Creating'', a book expressing some of her thoughts on being an artist.<ref name="Flack1986">{{cite book|author=Flack, Audrey.|title=Art & Soul: Notes on Creating|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m2JPAAAAMAAJ|access-date=April 9, 2013|date=October 1, 1986|publisher=Dutton|isbn=978-0-525-24443-1}}</ref>
In 1986 Flack published ''Art & Soul: Notes on Creating'', a book expressing some of her thoughts on being an artist.<ref name="Flack1986">{{cite book|author=Flack, Audrey.|title=Art & Soul: Notes on Creating|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m2JPAAAAMAAJ|access-date=April 9, 2013|date=October 1, 1986|publisher=Dutton|isbn=978-0-525-24443-1}}</ref>
Line 56: Line 58:


==Photorealism==
==Photorealism==
Flack is best known for her photo-realist paintings and was one of the first artists to use photographs as the basis for painting.<ref name=":0" /> The genre, taking its cues from [[Pop Art]], incorporates depictions of the real and the regular, from advertisements to cars to cosmetics. Flack's work brings in everyday household items like tubes of lipstick, perfume bottles, Hispanic Madonnas, and fruit.<ref name=":0" /> These inanimate objects often disturb or crowd the pictorial space, which are often composed as table-top still lives. Flack often brought in actual accounts of history into her photorealist paintings, such as ''World War II' (Vanitas)'' and ''Kennedy Motorcade.'' Women were frequently the subject of her photo-realist paintings.<ref name=":0" />
Flack is best known for her photorealist paintings and was one of the first artists to use photographs as the basis for painting.<ref name=":0" /> The genre, taking its cues from [[Pop Art]], incorporates depictions of the real and the regular, from advertisements to cars to cosmetics. Flack's work brings in everyday household items like tubes of lipstick, perfume bottles, Hispanic Madonnas, and fruit.<ref name=":0" /> These inanimate objects often disturb or crowd the pictorial space, which are often composed as table-top still lives. Flack often brought in actual accounts of history into her photorealist paintings, such as ''World War II' (Vanitas)'' and ''Kennedy Motorcade.'' Women were frequently the subject of her photorealist paintings.<ref name=":0" />

The first photorealist painting the [[MoMA]] in New York City purchased was Flack's 1974 canvas ''Leonardo's Lady'', soon after it was painted.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/remarkable-legacy-artist-feminist-audrey-flack-died-180978318/#:~:text=The%20first%20photorealist%20work%20MoMA,year%20after%20it%20was%20painted. | title=The Remarkable Legacy of Artist and Feminist Audrey Flack, Dead at 93 }}</ref>


==Sculpture==
==Sculpture==
[[File:NOMASculptureGarden3Jan06AudreyFlack.jpg|upright|thumb|Sculpture by Audrey Flack in [[New Orleans]].]]
[[File:NOMASculptureGarden3Jan06AudreyFlack.jpg|upright|thumb|Sculpture by Audrey Flack in [[New Orleans]]]]
[[File:Lisbon (10206158946).jpg|thumb|upright|Statue of [[Catherine of Braganza]], in Lisbon, a scale model for a much larger one planned for [[Queens|borough of Queens]]. [[New York City]], never built.]]
[[File:Lisbon (10206158946).jpg|thumb|upright|Statue of [[Catherine of Braganza]], in Lisbon, a scale model for a much larger one planned for [[Queens|borough of Queens]]. New York City, never built]]
Flack's sculpture is often overlooked in light of her better-known Photorealist paintings. In ''The New Civic Art: An Interview with Audrey Flack'',<ref name="American Art">{{cite journal |last1=Brigham |first1=David R. |last2=Flack |first2=Audrey |title=The New Civic Art: An Interview with Audrey Flack |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3109159 |journal=American Art |access-date=April 19, 2023 |pages=2–21 |date=1994 |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.1086/424205 |jstor=3109159 |s2cid=194094910 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308215932/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3109159 |url-status=live }}</ref> Flack discussed the fact that she was self-taught in sculpture. She incorporated religion and mythology into her sculpture rather than the historical or everyday subjects of her paintings. Her sculptures often demonstrate a connection to the female form, including a series of diverse, heroic women and goddess figures. These depictions of women differ from those of traditional femininity, but rather are athletic, older, and strong. As Flack described them: "they are real yet idealized... the 'goddesses in everywoman.'"<ref name=":0" />
Flack's sculpture is often overlooked in light of her better-known photorealist paintings. In ''The New Civic Art: An Interview with Audrey Flack'',<ref name="American Art">{{cite journal |last1=Brigham |first1=David R. |last2=Flack |first2=Audrey |title=The New Civic Art: An Interview with Audrey Flack |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3109159 |journal=American Art |access-date=April 19, 2023 |pages=2–21 |date=1994 |volume=8 |issue=1 |doi=10.1086/424205 |jstor=3109159 |s2cid=194094910 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308215932/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3109159 |url-status=live }}</ref> Flack discussed the fact that she was self-taught in sculpture. She incorporated religion and mythology into her sculpture rather than the historical or everyday subjects of her paintings. Her sculptures often demonstrate a connection to the female form, including a series of diverse, heroic women and goddess figures. These depictions of women differ from those of traditional femininity, but rather are athletic, older, and strong. As Flack described them: "they are real yet idealized... the 'goddesses in everywoman.'"<ref name=":0" />


In the early 1990s, Flack was commissioned by a group called Friends of Queen Catherine to create a monumental bronze statue of [[Catherine of Braganza]], in whose honor the [[Queens|borough of Queens]] is named. The statue, which would have been roughly the height of a nine-story building, was meant to be installed on the [[East River]] shore in the [[Hunters Point, Queens|Hunters Point]] area of [[Long Island City]], across from the [[United Nations Headquarters]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/26/nyregion/catherine-of-queens.html|title=Catherine of Queens?|last=Fried|first=Joseph P.|date=July 26, 1992|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 2, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306050758/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/26/nyregion/catherine-of-queens.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The project was never fully realized, however, as protestors in the mid-late 1990s objected to Queen Catherine's ties to the [[Transatlantic Slave Trade]]. (Others objected to the statue of a monarch overlooking an [[American Revolutionary War]] battleground.)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/09/nyregion/queen-ethnic-nightmares-cultural-politics-mires-statue-borough-s-namesake.html|title=The Queen of Ethnic Nightmares; Cultural Politics Mires Statue of Borough's Namesake|last=Bearak|first=Barry|date=January 9, 1998|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 2, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306050355/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/09/nyregion/queen-ethnic-nightmares-cultural-politics-mires-statue-borough-s-namesake.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Flack nevertheless remained dedicated to the project, and notes that she endeavored to depict Catherine as biracial, reflecting her Portuguese background and paying homage to the ethnic diversity of the borough of Queens.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/nyregion/the-statue-that-never-was.html|title=The Statue That Never Was|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=November 9, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 2, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044458/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/nyregion/the-statue-that-never-was.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
In the early 1990s, Flack was commissioned by a group called Friends of Queen Catherine to create a monumental bronze statue of [[Catherine of Braganza]], in whose honor the [[Queens|borough of Queens]] is named. The statue, which would have been roughly the height of a nine-story building, was meant to be installed on the [[East River]] shore in the [[Hunters Point, Queens|Hunters Point]] area of [[Long Island City]], across from the [[United Nations Headquarters]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/26/nyregion/catherine-of-queens.html|title=Catherine of Queens?|last=Fried|first=Joseph P.|date=July 26, 1992|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 2, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306050758/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/26/nyregion/catherine-of-queens.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The project was never fully realized, however, as protestors in the mid-late 1990s objected to Queen Catherine's ties to the [[Transatlantic Slave Trade]]. (Others objected to the statue of a monarch overlooking an [[American Revolutionary War]] battleground.)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/09/nyregion/queen-ethnic-nightmares-cultural-politics-mires-statue-borough-s-namesake.html|title=The Queen of Ethnic Nightmares; Cultural Politics Mires Statue of Borough's Namesake|last=Bearak|first=Barry|date=January 9, 1998|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 2, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306050355/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/09/nyregion/queen-ethnic-nightmares-cultural-politics-mires-statue-borough-s-namesake.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Flack nevertheless remained dedicated to the project, and notes that she endeavored to depict Catherine as biracial, reflecting her Portuguese background and paying homage to the ethnic diversity of the borough of Queens.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/nyregion/the-statue-that-never-was.html|title=The Statue That Never Was|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=November 9, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 2, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044458/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/nyregion/the-statue-that-never-was.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Death ==
==Death==
Audrey Flack died on June 28, 2024, in Southampton, New York, aged 93. She was preceded in death by her husband, Robert Marcus, and is survived by two daughters, Hannah and Melissa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Flack: In Memoriam (1931–2024) |url=https://www.meiselgallery.com/exhibition/audrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024/ |access-date=July 1, 2024 |website=Louis K. Meisel Gallery |language=en-US |archive-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701230725/https://www.meiselgallery.com/exhibition/audrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Flack died in [[Southampton, New York]] on June 28, 2024, at the age of 93. She was preceded in death by her husband, Robert Marcus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Audrey Flack: In Memoriam (1931–2024) |url=https://www.meiselgallery.com/exhibition/audrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024/ |access-date=July 1, 2024 |website=Louis K. Meisel Gallery |language=en-US |archive-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701230725/https://www.meiselgallery.com/exhibition/audrey-flack-in-memoriam-1931-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


== Publications ==
==Publications==
* Flack, Audrey, ''With Darkness Comes Stars: Audrey Flack, a Memoir'' (University Park: PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2024).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodman |first=Wendy |date=2024-03-19 |title=Audrey Flack Is 92 and Still Painting in Her UWS Apartment |url=https://www.curbed.com/article/audrey-flack-uws-apartment.html |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=Curbed |language=en}}</ref><ref name="a714">{{cite web |last=Peiffer |first=Prudence |date=2024-03-17 |title=Book Review: 'With Darkness Came Stars,' by Audrey Flack |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/17/books/review/with-darkness-came-stars-audrey-flack.html |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Edquist |first=Grace |date=2024-03-30 |title=At 92, Audrey Flack Has a Juicy Memoir, a New Art Show, and a Lot to Say |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/audrey-flack-with-darkness-came-stars-interview |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Flack, Audrey, ''With Darkness Comes Stars: Audrey Flack, a Memoir'' (University Park: PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2024).
* Flack, Audrey, Thalia Gouma-Peterson, and Patricia Hills. ''Breaking the Rules: Audrey Flack, a Retrospective 1950–1990''. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1992. {{Oclc|24431345}}.
* Flack, Audrey, Thalia Gouma-Peterson, and Patricia Hills. ''Breaking the Rules: Audrey Flack, a Retrospective 1950–1990''. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1992. {{Oclc|24431345}}.
* Flack, Audrey, ''Audrey Flack: The Daily Muse'' (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1989).
* Flack, Audrey, ''Audrey Flack: The Daily Muse'' (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1989).
Line 84: Line 88:
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Baskind, Samantha, ''Audrey Flack: Force of Nature, 1949–1956'', exhibition catalog (New York: Hollis Taggart, 2022).
* Baskind, Samantha, ''Audrey Flack: Force of Nature, 1949–1956'', exhibition catalog (New York: Hollis Taggart, 2022).
* Baskind, Samantha, ''[https://search.worldcat.org/title/847245951 Jewish Artists and the Bible in Twentieth-Century America],''Philadelphia, PA, Penn State University Press, 2014, {{ISBN|978-0-271-05983-9}}
* Baskind, Samantha, ''[https://search.worldcat.org/title/847245951 Jewish Artists and the Bible in Twentieth-Century America]'', Philadelphia, PA, Penn State University Press, 2014, {{ISBN|978-0-271-05983-9}}
* Baskind, Samantha, "'Everybody thought I was Catholic': Audrey Flack's Jewish Identity," ''American Art'' 23, no. 1 (Spring 2009): 104–115.
* Baskind, Samantha, "'Everybody thought I was Catholic': Audrey Flack's Jewish Identity," ''American Art'' 23, no. 1 (Spring 2009): 104–115.
* Malone, Peter, "Learning from an Artist's Early Experiments with AbEx," [https://hyperallergic.com/209959/learning-from-an-artists-early-experiments-with-abex/ ''Hyperallergic''] (May 28, 2013).
* Malone, Peter, "Learning from an Artist's Early Experiments with AbEx," [https://hyperallergic.com/209959/learning-from-an-artists-early-experiments-with-abex/ ''Hyperallergic''] (May 28, 2013).
Line 92: Line 96:
* {{official website|http://www.audreyflack.com}}
* {{official website|http://www.audreyflack.com}}
* [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/stand-aside-old-masters-feminist-artist-cultivating-her-old-mistress-legacy-180978318/ The Remarkable Legacy of Artist and Feminist Audrey Flack, Dead at 93"]—''[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]'' magazine obituary
* [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/stand-aside-old-masters-feminist-artist-cultivating-her-old-mistress-legacy-180978318/ The Remarkable Legacy of Artist and Feminist Audrey Flack, Dead at 93"]—''[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]'' magazine obituary
* [https://archive.today/20050422070443/http://cda.morris.umn.edu/~lamberts/audreyflack/index.html "Audrey Flack: Breaking the Rules"]
* [https://archive.today/20050422070443/http://cda.morris.umn.edu/~lamberts/audreyflack/index.html "Audrey Flack: Breaking the Rules"]
* [http://www.imamuseum.org/art/collections/artist/flack-audrey-l Audrey Flack in the Indianapolis Museum of Art]
* [http://www.imamuseum.org/art/collections/artist/flack-audrey-l Audrey Flack in the Indianapolis Museum of Art]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110806044339/http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/ngv-collection/artist-a-z?sq_content_src=+dXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZ3d3cubmd2LnZpYy5nb3YuYXUlMkZjb2xhcHAlMkZwdWIlMkZhcnRpc3RzJTJGOTYxJTJGZGV0YWlscyZhbGw9MQ%3D%3D Audrey Flack in National Gallery of Victoria]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110806044339/http://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/ngv-collection/artist-a-z?sq_content_src=+dXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZ3d3cubmd2LnZpYy5nb3YuYXUlMkZjb2xhcHAlMkZwdWIlMkZhcnRpc3RzJTJGOTYxJTJGZGV0YWlscyZhbGw9MQ%3D%3D Audrey Flack in National Gallery of Victoria]
* [http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/exhibitions/past/exhibit/2867/ Audrey Flack exhibition, the Guggenheim Museum]
* [http://www.guggenheim.org/new-york/exhibitions/past/exhibit/2867/ Audrey Flack exhibition, the Guggenheim Museum]
* [http://blog.aaa.si.edu/2011/03/my-portrait-of-anwar-sadat.html My Portrait of Anwar Sadat] by Audrey Flack, ''[[Archives of American Art|Archives of American Art Blog]]'', Smithsonian Institution
* [http://blog.aaa.si.edu/2011/03/my-portrait-of-anwar-sadat.html My Portrait of Anwar Sadat] by Audrey Flack, ''[[Archives of American Art|Archives of American Art Blog]]'', Smithsonian Institution

Latest revision as of 01:35, 7 December 2024

Audrey Flack
Flack with her self-portrait
Born(1931-05-30)May 30, 1931
New York City, U.S.
DiedJune 28, 2024(2024-06-28) (aged 93)
EducationNew York University Institute of Fine Arts
Yale University
Cooper Union
Known forPainting, sculpture
MovementPhotorealism
Spouse(s)Frank Levy, Robert Marcus (m. 1970)
Children2
Websitewww.audreyflack.com
Signature
Artist's signature on bronze

Audrey Lenora Flack (May 30, 1931 – June 28, 2024) was an American visual artist. Her work pioneered the art genre of photorealism and encompasses painting, printmaking, sculpture, and photography.

Flack had numerous academic degrees, including both a graduate and an honorary doctoral degree from Cooper Union in New York City. Additionally she had a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from Yale University and attended New York University Institute of Fine Arts where she studied art history. In May 2015, Flack received an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from Clark University, where she gave a commencement address.

Flack's work is displayed in several major museums, including the Museum of Modern Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. Flack's photorealistic paintings were the first such paintings to be purchased for the Museum of Modern Art's permanent collection, and her legacy as a photorealist lives on to influence many American and International artists today. J. B. Speed Art Museum in Louisville, Kentucky, organized a retrospective of her work, and Flack's pioneering efforts into the world of photorealism popularized the genre to the extent that it remains today.[1] Flack was an Honorary Vice President of the National Association of Women Artists.

An accomplished banjo player, Flack was lead vocalist for Audrey Flack and the History of Art Band who released a 2012 album.[2] Hitherto, the textbook Janson's History of Art did not mention a female artist; Flack was one of three living women added after Janson's death in the History of Art's 3rd edition in 1986.[2][3]

Early life and education

[edit]

Flack was born in Manhattan, to Jeanette Flichtenfeld Flack and Morris Flack, owner of a garment factory. Both parents had immigrated to the US from Poland.[4] Flack attended New York's High School of Music & Art.[5] She attended Cooper Union, then transferred to Yale College in 1952 to study fine arts with Josef Albers among others.[6] She earned a graduate degree and received an honorary doctorate from Cooper Union in New York City and a Bachelor of Fine Arts from Yale University. She studied art history at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University.[7]

Career

[edit]
Audrey Flack, Banana Split Sundae, 1981. Minneapolis Institute of Art

Flack's early work in the 1950s was abstract expressionist; one such painting paid tribute to Franz Kline.[8] The ironic kitsch themes in her early work influenced Jeff Koons.[9] But gradually, Flack became a New Realist and then evolved into photorealism during the 1960s. Her move to the photorealist style was in part because she wanted her art to communicate to the viewer.[10] She was the first photorealist painter to be added to the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in 1966.[11] Between 1976 and 1978 she painted her Vanitas series, including the iconic piece Marilyn.[12]

The critic Graham Thompson wrote, "One demonstration of the way photography became assimilated into the art world is the success of photorealist painting in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

It is also called super-realism, radical realism, or hyper-realism and painters like Richard Estes, Denis Peterson, Flack, and Chuck Close often worked from photographic stills to create paintings that appeared to be photographs."[13]

Art critic Robert C. Morgan writes in The Brooklyn Rail about Flack's 2010 exhibition at Gary Snyder Project Space, Audrey Flack Paints a Picture, "She has taken the signs of indulgence, beauty, and excess and transformed them into deeply moving symbols of desire, futility, and emancipation."[14] In the early 1980s Flack's artistic medium shifted from painting to sculpture.[10] She described this shift as a desire for "something solid, real, tangible. Something to hold and to hold on to."[15]

Flack claimed to have found the photorealist movement too restricting, and later gained much of her inspiration from Baroque art.[9]

Her work is held in the collections of museums around the world, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art,[16] The Museum of Modern Art,[17] the Whitney Museum of American Art,[18] the Allen Memorial Art Museum,[19] Smithsonian American Art Museum,[20] and the National Gallery of Australia in Canberra, Australia.[21]

In 1986 Flack published Art & Soul: Notes on Creating, a book expressing some of her thoughts on being an artist.[15]

Her image is included in the iconic 1972 poster Some Living American Women Artists by Mary Beth Edelson.[22]

In 2023 her work was included in the exhibition Action, Gesture, Paint: Women Artists and Global Abstraction 1940-1970 at the Whitechapel Gallery in London.[23]

Photorealism

[edit]

Flack is best known for her photorealist paintings and was one of the first artists to use photographs as the basis for painting.[10] The genre, taking its cues from Pop Art, incorporates depictions of the real and the regular, from advertisements to cars to cosmetics. Flack's work brings in everyday household items like tubes of lipstick, perfume bottles, Hispanic Madonnas, and fruit.[10] These inanimate objects often disturb or crowd the pictorial space, which are often composed as table-top still lives. Flack often brought in actual accounts of history into her photorealist paintings, such as World War II' (Vanitas) and Kennedy Motorcade. Women were frequently the subject of her photorealist paintings.[10]

The first photorealist painting the MoMA in New York City purchased was Flack's 1974 canvas Leonardo's Lady, soon after it was painted.[24]

Sculpture

[edit]
Sculpture by Audrey Flack in New Orleans
Statue of Catherine of Braganza, in Lisbon, a scale model for a much larger one planned for borough of Queens. New York City, never built

Flack's sculpture is often overlooked in light of her better-known photorealist paintings. In The New Civic Art: An Interview with Audrey Flack,[25] Flack discussed the fact that she was self-taught in sculpture. She incorporated religion and mythology into her sculpture rather than the historical or everyday subjects of her paintings. Her sculptures often demonstrate a connection to the female form, including a series of diverse, heroic women and goddess figures. These depictions of women differ from those of traditional femininity, but rather are athletic, older, and strong. As Flack described them: "they are real yet idealized... the 'goddesses in everywoman.'"[10]

In the early 1990s, Flack was commissioned by a group called Friends of Queen Catherine to create a monumental bronze statue of Catherine of Braganza, in whose honor the borough of Queens is named. The statue, which would have been roughly the height of a nine-story building, was meant to be installed on the East River shore in the Hunters Point area of Long Island City, across from the United Nations Headquarters.[26] The project was never fully realized, however, as protestors in the mid-late 1990s objected to Queen Catherine's ties to the Transatlantic Slave Trade. (Others objected to the statue of a monarch overlooking an American Revolutionary War battleground.)[27] Flack nevertheless remained dedicated to the project, and notes that she endeavored to depict Catherine as biracial, reflecting her Portuguese background and paying homage to the ethnic diversity of the borough of Queens.[28]

Death

[edit]

Flack died in Southampton, New York on June 28, 2024, at the age of 93. She was preceded in death by her husband, Robert Marcus.[29]

Publications

[edit]
  • Flack, Audrey, With Darkness Comes Stars: Audrey Flack, a Memoir (University Park: PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2024).[30][31][32]
  • Flack, Audrey, Thalia Gouma-Peterson, and Patricia Hills. Breaking the Rules: Audrey Flack, a Retrospective 1950–1990. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1992. OCLC 24431345.
  • Flack, Audrey, Audrey Flack: The Daily Muse (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1989).
  • Flack, Audrey, Art & Soul: Notes on Creating, New York, Dutton, 1986, ISBN 0-525-24443-3
  • Flack, Audrey, Audrey Flack: On Painting, with an essay by Ann Sutherland Harris (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1981).
  • Flack, Audrey, "On Carlo Crivelli", Art Magazine 55 (1981): 92–95.
  • Flack, Audrey, "The Haunting Images of Louisa Roldan", Helicon Nine: A Journal of Women's Arts and Letters (1979).
  • Flack, Audrey, "Louisa Ignacia Roldan", Women's Studies 6 (1978): 23–33.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Meisel, Louis. "Biography of Audrey Flack". Archived from the original on March 18, 2008. Retrieved February 27, 2015.
  2. ^ a b Baskind, Samantha (July 3, 2024). "The Remarkable Legacy of Artist and Feminist Audrey Flack, Dead at 93". Smithsonian. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
  3. ^ Janson, H.W.; Janson, Anthony F. (1986). History of Art. H.N. Abrams; Prentice-Hall. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-13-389388-5. Retrieved July 5, 2024 – via Internet Archive. And the achievement of women artists here receives recognition, long overdue.
  4. ^ Heinrich, Will (July 5, 2024). "Audrey Flack, Creator of Vibrant Photorealist Art, Dies at 93". The New York Times. Vol. 173, no. 60206. p. B10. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
  5. ^ "Oral history interview with Audrey Flack," Archived November 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Smithsonian Institution Archives of American Art website (February 16, 2009).
  6. ^ "Audrey Flack papers, circa 1952–2008". Archives of American Art. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
  7. ^ "Biography". Audrey Flack. audreyflack.com. Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
  8. ^ Malone, Peter (May 28, 2015). "Learning from an Artist's Early Experiments with AbEx". Hyperallergic. Archived from the original on July 2, 2024. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  9. ^ a b arts, Women in the (May 19, 2010). "From NMWA's Vault: Audrey Flack". Broad Strokes: The National Museum of Women in the Arts' Blog. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Gaze, Delia (1997). Dictionary of Women Artists. Chicago, IL: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. 526. ISBN 1-884964-21-4.
  11. ^ "Audrey Flack Biography". Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Archived from the original on July 16, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
  12. ^ "Audrey Flack's Marilyn: Still Life, Vanitas, Trompe l'Oeil". The University of Arizona Museum of Art and Archive of Visual Arts. Archived from the original on January 11, 2018. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
  13. ^ Thompson, Graham: American Culture in the 1980s (Twentieth Century American Culture), Edinburgh University Press, 2007
  14. ^ Morgan, Robert C. (November 2010). "Audrey Flack and the Revolution of Still Life Painting". The Brooklyn Rail. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2012.
  15. ^ a b Flack, Audrey. (October 1, 1986). Art & Soul: Notes on Creating. Dutton. ISBN 978-0-525-24443-1. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
  16. ^ "Audrey Flack | Queen". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  17. ^ "Audrey Flack". Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on March 23, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  18. ^ "Audrey Flack". Whitney Museum of American Art. Archived from the original on April 19, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  19. ^ "Strawberry Tart Supreme". Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College. Archived from the original on April 19, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  20. ^ "Audrey Flack | Smithsonian American Art Museum". americanart.si.edu. Retrieved April 27, 2023.
  21. ^ "Some Living American Women Artists/Last Supper". Smithsonian American Art Museum. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
  22. ^ "The Remarkable Legacy of Artist and Feminist Audrey Flack, Dead at 93".
  23. ^ Brigham, David R.; Flack, Audrey (1994). "The New Civic Art: An Interview with Audrey Flack". American Art. 8 (1): 2–21. doi:10.1086/424205. JSTOR 3109159. S2CID 194094910. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  24. ^ Fried, Joseph P. (July 26, 1992). "Catherine of Queens?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  25. ^ Bearak, Barry (January 9, 1998). "The Queen of Ethnic Nightmares; Cultural Politics Mires Statue of Borough's Namesake". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  26. ^ Kilgannon, Corey (November 9, 2017). "The Statue That Never Was". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  27. ^ "Audrey Flack: In Memoriam (1931–2024)". Louis K. Meisel Gallery. Archived from the original on July 1, 2024. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  28. ^ Goodman, Wendy (March 19, 2024). "Audrey Flack Is 92 and Still Painting in Her UWS Apartment". Curbed. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
  29. ^ Peiffer, Prudence (March 17, 2024). "Book Review: 'With Darkness Came Stars,' by Audrey Flack". The New York Times. Retrieved September 17, 2024.
  30. ^ Edquist, Grace (March 30, 2024). "At 92, Audrey Flack Has a Juicy Memoir, a New Art Show, and a Lot to Say". Vogue. Retrieved September 17, 2024.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]