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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{short description|Spanish journalist}}
{{Short description|Spanish journalist (1938–2000)}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = José Luis López de Lacalle Arnal
| name = José Luis López de Lacalle Arnal
| image = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| image = 09 jose luis lopez de la calle.jpg
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1938}}
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1938}}
| birth_place = [[Tolosa, Gipuzkoa]]
| birth_place = [[Tolosa, Gipuzkoa]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2000|05|07|1938}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2000|05|07|1938}}
| death_place = [[Andoain]]
| death_place = [[Andoain]]
| nationality = Spanish
| nationality = Spanish
| other_names =
| other_names =
| occupation = journalist and [[trade unionist]]
| occupation = journalist and [[trade unionist]]
| years_active =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| notable_works =
}}
}}
'''José Luis López de Lacalle Arnal''' (1938 – 7 May 2000) was a Spanish journalist and [[trade unionist]]. A columnist for ''[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]'' newspaper, he was killed by [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]].
'''José Luis López de Lacalle Arnal''' (1938 – 7 May 2000) was a Spanish journalist and [[trade unionist]]. A columnist for ''[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]'' newspaper, he was killed by [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]].


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
López de Lacalle was born during the [[Spanish Civil War]] in a family living in the periphery of [[Tolosa, Gipuzkoa]], in the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country.]] At a young age started working in the paper industry.<ref name=guardian>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/may/10/guardianobituaries2|title=José Luis López de Lacalle|date=9 May 2000}}</ref>
López de Lacalle was born during the [[Spanish Civil War]] in a family living in the periphery of [[Tolosa, Gipuzkoa]], in the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country.]] At a young age started working in the paper industry.<ref name=guardian>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/may/10/guardianobituaries2|title=José Luis López de Lacalle|newspaper=The Guardian |date=9 May 2000|last1=Serna |first1=Victor de la }}</ref>


Despite having little formal education he became a voracious reader thanks to the company of a group of Basque intellectuals. He was a friend of [[Enrique Múgica Herzog]] (later [[Ministry of Justice (Spain)|Spanish Ministry of Justice]]), who introduced him to the [[Communist Party of Spain]] at the end of the 1950s.
Despite having little formal education he became a voracious reader thanks to the company of a group of Basque intellectuals. He was a friend of [[Enrique Múgica Herzog]] (later [[Ministry of Justice (Spain)|Spanish Ministry of Justice]]), who introduced him to the [[Communist Party of Spain]] at the end of the 1950s.


On 23 August 1966, during the dictatorship of [[Francisco Franco]], he was arrested with the accusation of "illegal association".<ref name=guardian/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://w390w.gipuzkoa.net/WAS/CORP/DKPPrensaHistoricaWEB/buscar.do?buscar&amicus=178866|title=Prensa Histórica Digital}}</ref> He spent 5 years in the [[Carabanchel Prison]].
On 23 August 1966, during the dictatorship of [[Francisco Franco]], he was arrested with the accusation of "illegal association".<ref name=guardian/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://w390w.gipuzkoa.net/WAS/CORP/DKPPrensaHistoricaWEB/buscar.do?buscar&amicus=178866|title=Prensa Histórica Digital}}</ref> He spent five years in the [[Carabanchel Prison]].


After the [[Spanish transition]] he was a leading negotiator for the workers' commission and the general manager of the Ugarola industrial co-operative. He left the Communist Party and approached the [[Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left|Socialist Party of the Basque Country]]. He ran unsuccessfully for the [[Senate of Spain]] as an independent.<ref name=guardian/> He was always critical of [[Basque nationalism]], violence and terrorism of ETA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cpj.org/data/people/jose-luis-lopez-de-la-calle/index.php|title=José Luis López de la Calle}}</ref>
After the [[Spanish transition]] he was a leading negotiator for the workers' commission and the general manager of the Ugarola industrial co-operative. He left the Communist Party and approached the [[Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left|Socialist Party of the Basque Country]]. He ran unsuccessfully for the [[Senate of Spain]] as an independent.<ref name=guardian/> He was always critical of [[Basque nationalism]], violence and terrorism of ETA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cpj.org/data/people/jose-luis-lopez-de-la-calle/index.php|title=José Luis López de la Calle}}</ref>
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López de Lacalle argued that life of citizens, politicians and journalists in the Basque County was always under the threat of terrorism. He himself was threatened many times and his house was hit by [[Molotov cocktail]]s.<ref name=":1"/>
López de Lacalle argued that life of citizens, politicians and journalists in the Basque County was always under the threat of terrorism. He himself was threatened many times and his house was hit by [[Molotov cocktail]]s.<ref name=":1"/>


On 7 May 2000 at 9.45&nbsp;am, while he was going back home after buying newspapers and having breakfast two members of ETA who were waiting for him near his home shot him four times in the chest and at the head, killing him.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/05/08/espana/957736801_850215.html|title=ETA asesina a José Luis López de Lacalle, un histórico luchador contra el fascismo|date=8 May 2000|language=spanish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094358/http://elpais.com/diario/2000/05/08/espana/957736801_850215.html|archivedate=4 March 2016|newspaper=[[El País]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/cronica/2001/CR281/CR281-01.html|title=El asesino de José Luis|language=spanish|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=4 March 2001|first=Alfonso|last=Rojo}}</ref>
On 7 May 2000 at 9.45&nbsp;am, while he was going back home after buying newspapers and having breakfast, two members of ETA who were waiting for him near his home shot him four times in the chest and at the head, killing him.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/05/08/espana/957736801_850215.html|title=ETA asesina a José Luis López de Lacalle, un histórico luchador contra el fascismo|date=8 May 2000|language=spanish|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094358/http://elpais.com/diario/2000/05/08/espana/957736801_850215.html|archivedate=4 March 2016|newspaper=[[El País]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/cronica/2001/CR281/CR281-01.html|title=El asesino de José Luis|language=spanish|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=4 March 2001|first=Alfonso|last=Rojo}}</ref>


Funerals were held on 9 May in the church of Saint Martin in Andoain, in the periphery of San Sebastián.<ref name=":3"/> 2000 people participated.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ultimahora.es/noticias/nacional/2000/05/09/913657/miles-de-personas-se-unen-contra-eta-mientras-los-politicos-confirman-su-division.html|title=Miles de personas se unen contra ETA mientras los políticos confirman su división|date=9 May 2000|language=es}}</ref>
Funerals were held on 9 May in the church of Saint Martin in Andoain, in the outskirts of San Sebastián.<ref name=":3"/> 2,000 people participated.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ultimahora.es/noticias/nacional/2000/05/09/913657/miles-de-personas-se-unen-contra-eta-mientras-los-politicos-confirman-su-division.html|title=Miles de personas se unen contra ETA mientras los políticos confirman su división|date=9 May 2000|language=es}}</ref>


=== Protests against ETA ===
=== Protests against ETA ===
After his death thousands of people protested against ETA<ref name=":2"/> and more that one hundreds directors of news outlets signed a manifesto called "''No nos callarán''"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webs.ucm.es/info/especulo/numero14/manifies.html|title=No nos callarán. Manifiesto de la prensa española}}</ref> (They will not shut us up), condemning ETA violence.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2001/05/politics-press-freedom-watchdog-calls-on-european-parliament-to-condemn-eta/|title=POLITICS: Press Freedom Watchdog Calls on European Parliament to Condemn ETA {{!}} Inter Press Service}}</ref> The next year [[Reporters Without Borders|Reporter]] Without Borders asked the European parliament to pass a resolution confirming the resolution of the European Union against terrorism in the Basque County. According to RSF more than 100 journalists were being threatened by the ETA.<ref name=":4" />
After his death thousands of people protested against ETA<ref name=":2"/> and more than one hundred directors of news outlets signed a manifesto called "''No nos callarán''"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webs.ucm.es/info/especulo/numero14/manifies.html|title=No nos callarán. Manifiesto de la prensa española|access-date=18 January 2019|archive-date=14 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414203623/http://webs.ucm.es/info/especulo/numero14/manifies.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> (They will not shut us up), condemning ETA violence.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2001/05/politics-press-freedom-watchdog-calls-on-european-parliament-to-condemn-eta/|title=POLITICS: Press Freedom Watchdog Calls on European Parliament to Condemn ETA {{!}} Inter Press Service|date=31 May 2001 }}</ref> The following year [[Reporters Without Borders]] asked the European Parliament to pass a resolution confirming the resolution of the European Union against terrorism in the Basque County. According to RSF more than 100 journalists were being threatened by the ETA.<ref name=":4" />


=== Investigation and arrests ===
=== Investigation and arrests ===
On 11 December 2002 José Ignacio Guridi Lasa was condemned to 30 years of prison as the material executor of the killing.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2002/12/12/espana/1039647629_850215.html|title=El etarra Guridi, condenado a 30 años por asesinar a López de Lacalle|date=12 December 2002|language=es}}</ref> In 2009 Javier García Gaztelu, alias ''Txapote'', was condemned for having ordered the killing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/01/22/espana/1232642085.html|title='Txapote', condenado por ordenar el asesinato de López de Lacalle {{!}} España {{!}} elmundo.es}}</ref> The same year Asier Arzallus, who is accused of having participated in the killing, was transferred from France to Spain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/11/10/espana/1257872896.html|title=Francia entrega al etarra que asesinó al periodista López de Lacalle |language=spanish|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=11 November 2009}}</ref>
On 11 December 2002 José Ignacio Guridi Lasa was sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment as the material executor of the killing.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2002/12/12/espana/1039647629_850215.html|title=El etarra Guridi, condenado a 30 años por asesinar a López de Lacalle|date=12 December 2002|language=es}}</ref> In 2009 Javier García Gaztelu, alias ''Txapote'', was condemned for having ordered the killing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/01/22/espana/1232642085.html|title='Txapote', condenado por ordenar el asesinato de López de Lacalle {{!}} España {{!}} elmundo.es}}</ref> The same year Asier Arzallus, who is accused of having participated in the killing, was transferred from France to Spain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/11/10/espana/1257872896.html|title=Francia entrega al etarra que asesinó al periodista López de Lacalle |language=spanish|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=11 November 2009}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:López de Lacalle, José Luis}}
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Basque people]]
[[Category:Basque journalists]]
[[Category:Spanish trade unionists]]
[[Category:Spanish trade unionists]]
[[Category:Assassinated Spanish journalists]]
[[Category:Assassinated Spanish journalists]]
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[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Spain]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Spain]]
[[Category:People murdered in Spain]]
[[Category:People murdered in Spain]]
[[Category:People from Tolosa]]
[[Category:People from Tolosa, Spain]]
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:20th-century journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Spanish journalists]]

Latest revision as of 04:47, 7 December 2024

José Luis López de Lacalle Arnal
Born1938 (1938)
Tolosa, Gipuzkoa
Died7 May 2000(2000-05-07) (aged 61–62)
Andoain
NationalitySpanish
Occupation(s)journalist and trade unionist

José Luis López de Lacalle Arnal (1938 – 7 May 2000) was a Spanish journalist and trade unionist. A columnist for El Mundo newspaper, he was killed by ETA.

Biography

[edit]

López de Lacalle was born during the Spanish Civil War in a family living in the periphery of Tolosa, Gipuzkoa, in the Basque Country. At a young age started working in the paper industry.[1]

Despite having little formal education he became a voracious reader thanks to the company of a group of Basque intellectuals. He was a friend of Enrique Múgica Herzog (later Spanish Ministry of Justice), who introduced him to the Communist Party of Spain at the end of the 1950s.

On 23 August 1966, during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, he was arrested with the accusation of "illegal association".[1][2] He spent five years in the Carabanchel Prison.

After the Spanish transition he was a leading negotiator for the workers' commission and the general manager of the Ugarola industrial co-operative. He left the Communist Party and approached the Socialist Party of the Basque Country. He ran unsuccessfully for the Senate of Spain as an independent.[1] He was always critical of Basque nationalism, violence and terrorism of ETA.[3]

He retired early and became a columnist for El Mundo.

After ETA killed Miguel Ángel Blanco he participated in 1998 to the creation of the civil association Foro Ermua.[4]

Threats and killing

[edit]

López de Lacalle argued that life of citizens, politicians and journalists in the Basque County was always under the threat of terrorism. He himself was threatened many times and his house was hit by Molotov cocktails.[4]

On 7 May 2000 at 9.45 am, while he was going back home after buying newspapers and having breakfast, two members of ETA who were waiting for him near his home shot him four times in the chest and at the head, killing him.[5][6]

Funerals were held on 9 May in the church of Saint Martin in Andoain, in the outskirts of San Sebastián.[5] 2,000 people participated.[7]

Protests against ETA

[edit]

After his death thousands of people protested against ETA[7] and more than one hundred directors of news outlets signed a manifesto called "No nos callarán"[8] (They will not shut us up), condemning ETA violence.[9] The following year Reporters Without Borders asked the European Parliament to pass a resolution confirming the resolution of the European Union against terrorism in the Basque County. According to RSF more than 100 journalists were being threatened by the ETA.[9]

Investigation and arrests

[edit]

On 11 December 2002 José Ignacio Guridi Lasa was sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment as the material executor of the killing.[10] In 2009 Javier García Gaztelu, alias Txapote, was condemned for having ordered the killing.[11] The same year Asier Arzallus, who is accused of having participated in the killing, was transferred from France to Spain.[12]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Serna, Victor de la (9 May 2000). "José Luis López de Lacalle". The Guardian.
  2. ^ "Prensa Histórica Digital".
  3. ^ "José Luis López de la Calle".
  4. ^ a b "EL MUNDO | ETA CONTRA LA LIBERTAD DE EXPRESION".
  5. ^ a b "ETA asesina a José Luis López de Lacalle, un histórico luchador contra el fascismo". El País (in Spanish). 8 May 2000. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  6. ^ Rojo, Alfonso (4 March 2001). "El asesino de José Luis". El Mundo (in Spanish).
  7. ^ a b "Miles de personas se unen contra ETA mientras los políticos confirman su división" (in Spanish). 9 May 2000.
  8. ^ "No nos callarán. Manifiesto de la prensa española". Archived from the original on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
  9. ^ a b "POLITICS: Press Freedom Watchdog Calls on European Parliament to Condemn ETA | Inter Press Service". 31 May 2001.
  10. ^ "El etarra Guridi, condenado a 30 años por asesinar a López de Lacalle" (in Spanish). 12 December 2002.
  11. ^ "'Txapote', condenado por ordenar el asesinato de López de Lacalle | España | elmundo.es".
  12. ^ "Francia entrega al etarra que asesinó al periodista López de Lacalle". El Mundo (in Spanish). 11 November 2009.
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