Josiah Bailey: Difference between revisions

Josiah Bailey
Josiah Bailey
United States Senator; from North Carolina
	In office; March 4, 1931 – December 15, 1946
Preceded by	F.M. Simmons
Succeeded by	William B. Umstead
Personal details
Born	Josiah William Bailey; September 14, 1873; Warrenton, North Carolina, U.S.
Died	December 15, 1946 (aged 73); Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	Wake Forest College

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Josiah William Bailey (September 14, 1873 – December 15, 1946) was an American politician who served as a U.S. senator from the state of North Carolina from 1931 to 1946.

Early life and education

Born in Warrenton, North Carolina, he grew up in Raleigh and graduated from Wake Forest College (now Wake Forest University).

Career

Before turning to a career in law, Bailey was editor of the Biblical Recorder, a newspaper for North Carolina Baptists. He was a presidential elector in 1908.^[1]

Elected to the United States Senate in 1930, defeating longtime incumbent Furnifold McLendel Simmons, Bailey earned a reputation as a conservative while in office. In 1937, he coauthored the bipartisan Conservative Manifesto, a document criticizing President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal and proposing more conservative alternatives. Among other things, the Manifesto called for lower taxes and less spending.^[2]

That same year, Bailey gave a rousing floor speech against President Roosevelt's court-packing bill, which convinced at least three freshman Republicans, thought by Majority Leader Joe Robinson to be definite supporters, to oppose the measure.^[3]

A segregationist and white supremacist, Bailey filibustered anti-lynching legislation in 1938.^[4]

During his time in office, he served as chairman of the Committee on Claims and Committee on Commerce.

Death

Bailey died in office in 1946.

References

^ The National Cyclopædia of American Biography. Vol. D. New York, N.Y.: James T. White & Company. 1934. p. 440 – via HathiTrust.
^ Kickler, Troy L. The Conservative Manifesto Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. The North Carolina History Project.
^ Caro, Robert. Master of the Senate. p. 62.
^ Beauchamp, Zack (October 9, 2013). How Racism Caused The Shutdown. ThinkProgress. Retrieved September 4, 2021.

Sources

Finley, Keith M. Delaying the Dream: Southern Senators and the Fight Against Civil Rights, 1938–1965 (Baton Rouge, LSU Press, 2008).

External links

United States Congress. "Josiah Bailey (id: B000046)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
The "Conservative Manifesto" from the North Carolina History Project Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
Biblical Recorder Column on Bailey at the Wayback Machine (archived September 28, 2007)
"Taking on FDR: Senator Josiah Bailey and the 1937 Conservative Manifesto" by Troy Kickler, December 13, 2006
Raleigh News & Observer Column on Bailey's Friendship with Huey Long ^{[dead link‍]}
Josiah William Bailey at Find-A-Grave
Josiah Bailey papers. 1773–1867. 2" linear. At the University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections.

Party political offices
Preceded by Furnifold McLendel Simmons	Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from North Carolina (Class 2) 1930, 1936, 1942	Succeeded by J. Melville Broughton
U.S. Senate
Preceded by Furnifold McLendel Simmons	U.S. senator (Class 2) from North Carolina 1931–1946 Served alongside: Cameron A. Morrison, Robert Rice Reynolds, Clyde R. Hoey	Succeeded by William Bradley Umstead

[1] The National Cyclopædia of American Biography. Vol. D. New York, N.Y.: James T. White & Company. 1934. p. 440 – via HathiTrust.

[2] Kickler, Troy L. The Conservative Manifesto Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. The North Carolina History Project.

[3] Caro, Robert. Master of the Senate. p. 62.

[4] Beauchamp, Zack (October 9, 2013). How Racism Caused The Shutdown. ThinkProgress. Retrieved September 4, 2021.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|American politician}}
-{{Infobox Senator | name=Josiah William Bailey
+{{More footnotes|date=August 2021}}
-|nationality=American
+{{Infobox officeholder
-|image name=Josiah W. Bailey.jpg
+| image name          = Josiah W. Bailey.jpg
-|jr/sr=United States Senator
+| jr/sr               = United States Senator
-|state=[[North Carolina]]
+| state               = [[North Carolina]]
-|party=[[Conservative Democrat|Democratic]]
+| party               = [[Conservative Democrat|Democratic]]
-|term_start=March 4, 1931
+| term_start          = March 4, 1931
-|term_end=December 15, 1946
+| term_end            = December 15, 1946
-|preceded=[[Furnifold McLendel Simmons|Furnifold McL. Simmons]]
+| preceded            = [[Furnifold McLendel Simmons|F.M. Simmons]]
-|succeeded=[[William B. Umstead]]
+| succeeded           = [[William B. Umstead]]
-|birth_date={{birth date|1873|9|14|mf=y}}
+| birth_name          = Josiah William Bailey
-|birth_place=[[Warrenton, North Carolina|Warrenton]], [[North Carolina]]
-|death_date={{death date and age|1946|12|15|1873|9|14}}
+| birth_date          = {{birth date|1873|9|14|mf=y}}
-|death_place=[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], [[North Carolina]]
+| birth_place         = [[Warrenton, North Carolina|Warrenton]], [[North Carolina]], U.S.
+| death_date          = {{death date and age|1946|12|15|1873|9|14}}
-|spouse=
+| death_place         = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], [[North Carolina]], U.S.
+| spouse              =
+| alma_mater          = [[Wake Forest College]]
 }}
-'''Josiah William Bailey''' (September 14, 1873 &ndash; December 15, 1946) was a [[Conservative Democrat|Democratic]] [[United States Senate|U.S. senator]] from the state of [[North Carolina]] between 1931 and 1946.
+'''Josiah William Bailey''' (September 14, 1873 &ndash; December 15, 1946) was an American politician who served as a [[United States Senate|U.S. senator]] from the state of [[North Carolina]] from 1931 to 1946.
+==Early life and education==
-==Life==
-Born in [[Warrenton, North Carolina]], he grew up in Raleigh and graduated from Wake Forest College (now [[Wake Forest University]]).  Before turning to a career in law, Bailey was editor of the ''[[Biblical Recorder]]'', a newspaper for North Carolina [[Baptists]].
+Born in [[Warrenton, North Carolina]], he grew up in Raleigh and graduated from Wake Forest College (now [[Wake Forest University]]).
+== Career ==
-Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1930 by defeating longtime [[Conservative Democrat|Democratic]] Senator [[Furnifold McLendel Simmons]], Bailey earned a reputation as a conservative while in office.  In 1937, he coauthored the bipartisan [[Conservative Manifesto]], a document criticizing President [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s [[New Deal]] and proposing more conservative alternatives. Among other things, the Manifesto called for lower taxes and less spending.<ref>http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry</ref>
+Before turning to a career in law, Bailey was editor of the ''[[Biblical Recorder]]'', a newspaper for North Carolina [[Baptists]]. He was a [[United States Electoral College|presidential elector]] in [[1908 United States presidential election in North Carolina|1908]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015078229526&view=1up&seq=898&skin=2021|title=The National Cyclopædia of American Biography|publisher=James T. White & Company|year=1934|volume=D|location=New York, N.Y.|pages=440|language=en|via=[[HathiTrust]]}}</ref>
+Elected to the [[United States Senate]] in 1930, defeating longtime incumbent [[Furnifold McLendel Simmons]], Bailey earned a reputation as a conservative while in office. In 1937, he coauthored the bipartisan [[Conservative Manifesto]], a document criticizing President [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s [[New Deal]] and proposing more conservative alternatives. Among other things, the Manifesto called for lower taxes and less spending.<ref>Kickler, Troy L. [http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry The Conservative Manifesto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174051/http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry |date=2016-03-03 }}. ''The North Carolina History Project''.</ref>
-During his time in office, he served as chairman of two different committees: the Committee on Claims and later the [[United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation|Committee on Commerce]].
+That same year, Bailey gave a rousing floor speech against President Roosevelt's [[Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937|court-packing bill]], which convinced at least three freshman Republicans, thought by Majority Leader [[Joseph Taylor Robinson|Joe Robinson]] to be definite supporters, to oppose the measure.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Caro |first1=Robert |title=Master of the Senate |title-link=Master of the Senate|page=62}}</ref>
+A segregationist and white supremacist, Bailey filibustered anti-lynching legislation in 1938.<ref>Beauchamp, Zack (October 9, 2013). [https://archive.thinkprogress.org/how-racism-caused-the-shutdown-f27ed4b08c25/ How Racism Caused The Shutdown]. ''ThinkProgress''. Retrieved September 4, 2021.</ref>
+During his time in office, he served as chairman of the [[Committee on Claims]] and [[United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation|Committee on Commerce]].
+== Death ==
 Bailey died in office in 1946.
@@ Line 41: / Line 52: @@
 {{Commons cat|Josiah Bailey}}
 {{CongBio|B000046}}
-*[http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry The "Conservative Manifesto" from the North Carolina History Project]
+*[http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry The "Conservative Manifesto" from the North Carolina History Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174051/http://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/12/entry |date=2016-03-03 }}
 *{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060324/http://www.journal.biblicalrecorder.org/content/opinion/2005/11_07_2005/ed071105sitting.shtml |date=September 28, 2007 |title=''Biblical Recorder'' Column on Bailey }}
 *"[http://archive.lewrockwell.com/orig7/kickler1.html Taking on FDR: Senator Josiah Bailey and the 1937 Conservative Manifesto]" by Troy Kickler, December 13, 2006
@@ Line 49: / Line 60: @@
 {{s-start}}
+{{s-ppo}}
+{{s-bef|before=[[Furnifold McLendel Simmons]]}}
+{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[United States Senator|U.S. Senator]] from [[North Carolina]]<br>([[Classes of United States Senators|Class 2]])|years=[[1930 United States Senate election in North Carolina|1930]], [[1936 United States Senate election in North Carolina|1936]], [[1942 United States Senate election in North Carolina|1942]]}}
+{{s-aft|after=[[J. Melville Broughton]]}}
 {{s-par|us-sen}}
 {{U.S. Senator box
@@ Line 59: / Line 74: @@
 }}
 {{s-end}}
 {{USSenNC}}
 {{SenCommerceCommitteeChairmen}}
@@ Line 66: / Line 82: @@
 [[Category:1873 births]]
 [[Category:1946 deaths]]
-[[Category:United States Senators from North Carolina]]
+[[Category:Democratic Party United States senators from North Carolina]]
 [[Category:North Carolina Democrats]]
 [[Category:Burials at Historic Oakwood Cemetery]]
 [[Category:Wake Forest University alumni]]
-[[Category:Baptists from the United States]]
+[[Category:Baptists from North Carolina]]
-[[Category:Democratic Party United States senators]]
+[[Category:American segregationists]]
+[[Category:1908 United States presidential electors]]
 [[Category:Old Right (United States)]]
-[[Category:American conservative people]]
+[[Category:20th-century United States senators]]

v t e United States senators from North Carolina
Class 2	Johnston Martin Franklin Turner Stokes Branch Brown Mangum Reid Bragg Abbott Ransom Butler Simmons Bailey Umstead Broughton F. P. Graham Smith Lennon Scott Jordan Helms Dole Hagan Tillis
Class 3	Hawkins Bloodworth Stone Franklin Stone Locke Macon Iredell Mangum Strange W. A. Graham Haywood Badger Biggs Clingman Pool Merrimon Vance Jarvis Pritchard Overman Morrison Reynolds Hoey Ervin Morgan East Broyhill Sanford Faircloth Edwards Burr Budd

v t e Chairs of the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Commerce and Manufactures (1816–1825)	Hunter Sanford Dickerson
Commerce (1825–1947)	Lloyd Johnston Woodbury Forsyth King Silsbee Goldsborough Davis King Huntington Haywood Dix Hamlin Dodge Clay Chandler Conkling Gordon Ransom McMillan Frye Ransom Frye Nelson Clarke Fletcher Jones H. Johnson Stephens Copeland Bailey
Interstate Commerce (1887–1947)	Cullom Butler Cullom Elkins Clapp Newlands Smith Cummins Smith Watson Couzens Dill Wheeler
Interstate and Foreign Commerce/Commerce (1947–1977)	White E. Johnson Tobey Bricker Magnuson
Commerce, Science, and Transportation (1977–present)	Magnuson Cannon Packwood Danforth Hollings Pressler McCain Hollings McCain Hollings McCain Stevens Inouye Rockefeller Thune Wicker Cantwell Cruz (designate)

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National	United States
People	US Congress
Other	NARA SNAC