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{{Short description|Bangladeshi Islamic scholar}}
{{Short description|Bangladeshi Islamic scholar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox religious biography
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific_prefix = Imām al-ʿĀrifīn [[Shah]]
| honorific_prefix = Imām al-ʿĀrifīn [[Shah]]
Line 20: Line 21:
| children = 2
| children = 2
| alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| disciple_of = [[Hussain Ahmed Madani]]<br>[[Azizul Haq]]
| disciple_of = [[Hussain Ahmed Madani]]<br>[[Azizul Haq (scholar, born 1903)|Azizul Haq]]
| disciples = [[Said Ahmad]]
| disciples = [[Said Ahmad]]
| teacher =[[Muhammad Faizullah]]<br>[[Hussain Ahmed Madani]]<br>[[Ibrahim Baliavi]]<br>[[Izaz Ali Amrohi]]
| teacher =[[Muhammad Faizullah]]<br>[[Hussain Ahmed Madani]]<br>[[Ibrahim Balyawi]]<br>[[Izaz Ali Amrohi]]
| students = [[Abdur Rahman Chatgami]]<br>[[Muhibbullah Babunagari]]<br>[[Sultan Zauq Nadvi]]
| students = [[Abdur Rahman Chatgami]]<br>[[Muhibbullah Babunagari]]<br>[[Sultan Zauq Nadvi]]
| module = {{Infobox officeholder
| module = {{Infobox officeholder
Line 31: Line 32:
| successor = [[Zamiruddin Nanupuri]]}}
| successor = [[Zamiruddin Nanupuri]]}}
}}
}}
'''Shah Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri''' ({{lang-bn|শাহ সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী}}; 26 June 1914 – 16 August 1997), also known by his [[daak naam]] '''Badshah''', was a [[Bangladeshi]] [[Islamic scholar]], teacher and author. He established numerous [[madrasa]]s in Bangladesh and was the founding principal of [[Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur]] for seventeen years.
'''Shah Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri''' ({{langx|bn|শাহ সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী}}; 26 June 1914 – 16 August 1997), also known by his [[daak naam]] '''Badshah''', was a [[Bangladeshi]] [[Islamic scholar]], teacher and author. He established numerous [[madrasa]]s in Bangladesh and was the founding principal of [[Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur]] for seventeen years.


==Early life and family==
==Early life and family==
Shah Sultan Ahmad was born on 26 June 1914, to a [[Bengali Muslim]] family in the village of Dharmapur, located under the [[Fatikchhari Upazila|Fatikchhari subdivision]] of the [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal Province]]'s [[Chittagong District]].<ref name=kum>{{cite book|language=ar|title=كتاب البدور المضية في تراجم الحنفية|author=al-Kumillai, Muhammad Hifzur Rahman|publisher=Dar al-Salih|location=[[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]|year=2018|chapter=العالم الرباني الداعية الكبير المحدث الشيخ سلطان أحمد بن الشيخ فضل الرحمن النانوفوري|trans-chapter=al-ʿĀlim ar-Rabbānī, the great propagator, the Muhaddith, the Shaykh Sulṭān Aḥmad ibn Faḍl ar-Raḥmān al-Nānūfūrī}}</ref> His father, Fazlur Rahman, worked in [[Rangoon]], [[British Burma]] and his mother, Umdah Khatun, was a housewife. His grandfather's great-grandfather, Akbar Shah, migrated from [[Arabia]] to [[Bengal]] via [[Afghanistan]] for ''[[dawah]]'' and permanently settled there. Among Fazlur Rahman's children, it was only him that did not die during childhood. When he was roughly two and a half years old, his mother died as a result of a [[cholera]] outbreak.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/64190/banglar-shoto-alemer-jibonkotha|title=বাংলার শত আলেমের জীবনকথা|author1=Aminul Islam, S. M.|author2=Islam, Samar|chapter=মাওলানা সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী রহ.|date=January 2014|publisher=Baighar|location=[[Bangla Bazar]], [[Dhaka]]|pages=336–338}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.dailyinqilab.com/article/93290/-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0|title=এক দুনিয়া বিমুখ আধ্যাত্মিক রাহবার|author=Khan, Dawlat Ali|date=25 August 2017|work=[[Daily Inqilab]]|language=bn}}</ref>
Shah Sultan Ahmad was born on 26 June 1914, to a [[Bengali Muslim]] family in the village of Dharmapur, located under the [[Fatikchhari Upazila|Fatikchhari subdivision]] of the [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal Province]]'s [[Chittagong District]].<ref name=kum>{{cite book|language=ar|title=كتاب البدور المضية في تراجم الحنفية|author=al-Kumillai, Muhammad Hifzur Rahman|publisher=Dar al-Salih|location=[[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]|year=2018|chapter=العالم الرباني الداعية الكبير المحدث الشيخ سلطان أحمد بن الشيخ فضل الرحمن النانوفوري|trans-chapter=al-ʿĀlim ar-Rabbānī, the great propagator, the Muhaddith, the Shaykh Sulṭān Aḥmad ibn Faḍl ar-Raḥmān al-Nānūfūrī}}</ref> His father, Shah Fazlur Rahman, worked in [[Rangoon]], [[British Burma]] and his mother, Umdah Khatun, was a housewife. His grandfather's great-grandfather, Akbar Shah, migrated from [[Arabia]] to [[Bengal]] via [[Afghanistan]] for ''[[dawah]]'' and permanently settled there. Among Fazlur Rahman's children, it was only him that did not die during childhood. When he was roughly two and a half years old, his mother died as a result of a [[cholera]] outbreak.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/64190/banglar-shoto-alemer-jibonkotha|title=বাংলার শত আলেমের জীবনকথা|author1=Aminul Islam, S. M.|author2=Islam, Samar|chapter=মাওলানা সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী রহ.|date=January 2014|publisher=Baighar|location=[[Bangla Bazar]], [[Dhaka]]|pages=336–338}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.dailyinqilab.com/article/93290/-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0|title=এক দুনিয়া বিমুখ আধ্যাত্মিক রাহবার|author=Khan, Dawlat Ali|date=25 August 2017|work=[[Daily Inqilab]]|language=bn}}</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
Sultan Ahmad's education began at a local [[kuttab|maktab]] ran by Ubaydul Haq Mianji. When he reached the age of five, he joined the Garzania Primary School. After his father's instruction, he later joined the [[Himayah al-Islam Madrasa]] in Nanupur Kalu Munshirhat. There he began studying from ''Yazdaham'' to ''Jamate Shashum'' under the likes of Lal Miyan,<ref name=kum/> Obaydul Hoque and [[Muhammad Faizullah]].<ref name=chatgam/>
Sultan Ahmad's education began at a local [[kuttab|maktab]] ran by Ubaydul Haq Mianji. When he reached the age of five, he joined the Garzania Primary School. After his father's instruction, he later joined the [[Himayah al-Islam Madrasa]] in Nanupur Kalu Munshirhat. There he began studying from ''Yazdaham'' to ''Jamate Shashum'' under the likes of Lal Miyan,<ref name=kum/> Obaydul Hoque and [[Muhammad Faizullah]].<ref name=chatgam/>


In his final year, his father died. After completing his studies, his stepmother advised him to join the [[Darul Uloom Alia Madrasa]] in the city of [[Chittagong]]. Ahmad stayed there for a few months but did not enjoy the curriculum, and so returned home. Being influenced by his former teachers, he intended to re-enrol from ''Jamate Shashum'' at the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. He therefore travelled to [[Saharanpur district|Saharanpur]] in [[Uttar Pradesh|Hindustan]] to complete his studies in Deoband. He also briefly studied at the nearby [[Mazahir Uloom]], before graduating (MA) from the faculty of [[Hadith studies]] at Darul Uloom Deoband and beginning his philosophy course. Among his teachers were [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]], [[Ibrahim Baliyavi]], [[Zahur Ahmed]], [[Habibullah Mirathi]] and [[Riyaz ad-Din]].<ref name=chatgam>{{Cite book |last1=Islam |first1=Aminul |title=বাংলার শত আলেমের জীবনকথা |last2=Islam |first2=Samar |publisher=Book House |year=2014 |isbn= |location=Dhaka-1100 |pages=109–113 |language=bn |trans-title=Biographies of hundreds of Bengali scholars}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Ahmadullah |first1=Hafez |title=মাশায়েখে চাটগাম |last2=Qadir |first2=Ridwanul |publisher=Ahmad Publication |year=2018 |isbn=978-984-92106-4-1 |location=[[Dhaka]] |pages=162–185|language=bn |trans-title=Mashayekh-e Chatgam}}</ref>
In his final year, his father died. After completing his studies, his stepmother advised him to join the [[Darul Uloom Alia Madrasa]] in the city of [[Chittagong]]. Ahmad stayed there for a few months but did not enjoy the curriculum, and so returned home. Being influenced by his former teachers, he intended to re-enrol from ''Jamate Shashum'' at the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. He therefore travelled to [[Saharanpur district|Saharanpur]] in [[Uttar Pradesh|Hindustan]] to complete his studies in Deoband. He also briefly studied at the nearby [[Mazahir Uloom]], before graduating (MA) from the faculty of [[Hadith studies]] at Darul Uloom Deoband and beginning his philosophy course. Among his teachers were [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], [[Izaz Ali Amrohi]], [[Ibrahim Balyawi]], [[Zahur Ahmed]], [[Habibullah Mirathi]] and [[Riyaz ad-Din]].<ref name=chatgam>{{Cite book |last1=Islam |first1=Aminul |title=বাংলার শত আলেমের জীবনকথা |last2=Islam |first2=Samar |publisher=Book House |year=2014 |isbn= |location=Dhaka-1100 |pages=109–113 |language=bn |trans-title=Biographies of hundreds of Bengali scholars}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Ahmadullah |first1=Hafez |title=মাশায়েখে চাটগাম |last2=Qadir |first2=Ridwanul |publisher=Ahmad Publication |year=2018 |isbn=978-984-92106-4-1 |location=[[Dhaka]] |pages=162–185|language=bn |trans-title=Mashayekh-e Chatgam}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
[[File:Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur.jpg|thumb|left|Sultan Ahmad became known as the Nanupuri Huzur from his long residence in Nanupur, particularly [[Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur]] madrasa.]]{{Listen|filename=Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri’s speech.ogg||title=<span align="center">
[[File:Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur.jpg|thumb|left|Sultan Ahmad became known as the Nanupuri Huzur from his long residence in Nanupur, particularly [[Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur]] madrasa.]]{{Listen|filename=Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri’s speech.ogg||title=<span align="center">
Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri reciting a Persian poem by Hafez.</span>|type=speech}}
Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri reciting a Persian poem by Hafez.</span>|type=speech}}
During his studies in Deoband, Nanupuri served as an [[imam]] at the Deoband Central Mosque. After graduating and returning to Bengal, he sent a letter to join the faculty at the [[Al-Jamia al-Arabia Nasirul Islam]] in [[Nazir Hat|Nazirhat Bazar]] and was accepted to teach there. The erstwhile principal of the madrasa, Nur Ahmad, later employed [[Zafar Ahmad Usmani]] too. Usmani was a supporter of the [[All-India Muslim League]], whilst Nanupuri strongly believed that religious institutions like the [[madrasa]] should be free from political influence. Nanupuri subsequently left and became a teacher at [[Al-Jamiatul Islamiah Azizul Uloom Babunagar]] for 15 years. [[Azizul Haq]] later instructed Nanupuri to become the acting principal, and later the founding principal of [[Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur]] in 1961. He served in Nanupur for seventeen years in total, and then gave up the role to [[Zamiruddin Nanupuri]].<ref>{{cite book|title=দ্যা হান্ড্রেড (বাংলা মায়ের একশ কৃতিসন্তান)|last=Nizampuri |first=Ashraf Ali |chapter=রাহবারে তরীকত মাওলানা সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী রহ.|year=2013|language=bn|publisher=Salman Prakashani|location=[[Hathazari]]|pages=362— 364|isbn=112009250-7|edition=1}}</ref> Among his notable students were [[Abdur Rahman Chatgami]], [[Muhibbullah Babunagari]] and [[Sultan Zauq Nadvi]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/155382/bangladeshe-hadis-charcha-utpatti-o-kramobikash|title=বাংলাদেশে হাদিস চর্চা উৎপত্তি ও ক্রমবিকাশ|author=Sayyid, Ahsan|language=bn|year=2006|publisher=Adorn Publication|location=19 Segunbagicha, [[Dhaka]]|page=261|isbn=9789842005602}}</ref>
During his studies in Deoband, Nanupuri served as an [[imam]] at the Deoband Central Mosque. After graduating and returning to Bengal, he sent a letter to join the faculty at the [[Al-Jamia al-Arabia Nasirul Islam]] in [[Nazir Hat|Nazirhat Bazar]] and was accepted to teach there. The erstwhile principal of the madrasa, Nur Ahmad, later employed [[Zafar Ahmad Usmani]] too. Usmani was a supporter of the [[All-India Muslim League]], whilst Nanupuri strongly believed that religious institutions like the [[madrasa]] should be free from political influence. Nanupuri subsequently left and became a teacher at [[Al-Jamiatul Islamiah Azizul Uloom Babunagar]] for 15 years. [[Azizul Haq (scholar, born 1903)|Azizul Haq]] later instructed Nanupuri to become the acting principal, and later the founding principal of [[Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur]] in 1961. He served in Nanupur for seventeen years in total, and then gave up the role to [[Zamiruddin Nanupuri]].<ref>{{cite book|title=দ্যা হান্ড্রেড (বাংলা মায়ের একশ কৃতিসন্তান)|last=Nizampuri |first=Ashraf Ali |chapter=রাহবারে তরীকত মাওলানা সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী রহ.|year=2013|language=bn|publisher=Salman Prakashani|location=[[Hathazari]]|pages=362–364|isbn=978-112009250-2|edition=1}}</ref> Among his notable students were [[Abdur Rahman Chatgami]], [[Muhibbullah Babunagari]] and [[Sultan Zauq Nadvi]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/155382/bangladeshe-hadis-charcha-utpatti-o-kramobikash|title=বাংলাদেশে হাদিস চর্চা উৎপত্তি ও ক্রমবিকাশ|author=Sayyid, Ahsan|language=bn|year=2006|publisher=Adorn Publication|location=19 Segunbagicha, [[Dhaka]]|page=261|isbn=9789842005602}}</ref>


Among the other madrasas that he established are [[Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiyyah Bayt al-Huda]] and [[Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiyyah Azizul Uloom Pokkhali]]. He was also the founder of the "''Ar-Rashid''" monthly magazine.<ref name=chatgam/>
Among the other madrasas that he established are [[Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiyyah Bayt al-Huda]] and [[Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiyyah Azizul Uloom Pokkhali]]. He was also the founder of the ''Ar-Rashid'' monthly magazine.<ref name=chatgam/>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
{{Islam in Bangladesh}}
{{Islam in Bangladesh}}
During his education in Deoband, Nanupuri spent seven years under [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], pledging [[bay'ah]] to Madani on 18 November 1944. However, after the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, Nanupuri was unable to maintain a close relationship with Madani, and could not meet with [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]] either as he was ill. Madani responded to Nanupuri in a letter giving him permission to master [[tasawuuf]] under a different [[Sufi]] scholar. Nanupuri then became a [[murid]] of [[Azizul Haq]] of [[Al Jamia Al Islamia Patiya|Patiya]], and received [[Khalifah (Sufism)|khilafah]] (spiritual succession) from him after 15 years.<ref name=ahmad>{{cite book|title=শায়খুল আরব ওয়াল আজম, কুতুবুল আলম আল্লামা শাহ সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী রহ. এর জীবন ও আদর্শ|author=Ahmad, Said|publisher=Hakimul Olama Foundation|language=bn|location=Lalpol, [[Feni, Bangladesh]]}}</ref>
During his education in Deoband, Nanupuri spent seven years under [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], pledging [[bay'ah]] to Madani on 18 November 1944. However, after the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, Nanupuri was unable to maintain a close relationship with Madani, and could not meet with [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]] either as he was ill. Madani responded to Nanupuri in a letter giving him permission to master [[tasawuuf]] under a different [[Sufi]] scholar. Nanupuri then became a [[murid]] of [[Azizul Haq (scholar, born 1903)|Azizul Haq]] of [[Al Jamia Al Islamia Patiya|Patiya]], and received [[Khalifah (Sufism)|khilafah]] (spiritual succession) from him after 15 years.<ref name=ahmad>{{cite book|title=শায়খুল আরব ওয়াল আজম, কুতুবুল আলম আল্লামা শাহ সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী রহ. এর জীবন ও আদর্শ|author=Ahmad, Said|publisher=Hakimul Olama Foundation|language=bn|location=Lalpol, [[Feni, Bangladesh]]}}</ref>


Nanupuri first completed [[Hajj]] with his ''[[Sufi pir|pir]]'', Azizul Haq. In 1967, a businessman named Niamat Ali Sawdagar funded Nanupuri for Hajj. His third hajj took place in 1970, alongside [[Mohammed Younus]] and [[Abdur Rahman Chatgami]]. His fourth and last hajj was in 1991, alongside Mufti Said Ahmad (founder of Jamia Sultania Lalpol) and Afsar Ahmad (Qari of Nanupur Madrasa).<ref name=chatgam/>
Nanupuri first completed [[Hajj]] with his ''[[Sufi pir|pir]]'', Azizul Haq. In 1967, a businessman named Niamat Ali Sawdagar funded Nanupuri for Hajj. His third hajj took place in 1970, alongside [[Mohammed Younus]] and [[Abdur Rahman Chatgami]]. His fourth and last hajj was in 1991, alongside Mufti Said Ahmad (founder of Jamia Sultania Lalpol) and Afsar Ahmad (Qari of Nanupur Madrasa).<ref name=chatgam/>
Line 57: Line 58:


==Death and legacy==
==Death and legacy==
[[File:Sultan Ahmad and Jamir Uddin Nanupuri's Burial Site.jpg|thumb|Graveyard]]
Nanupuri died on 16 August 1997 in his own room at [[Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur]], after being ill for three years. The next day, [[Ali Ahmad Boalvi]] led his ''[[janaza]]'' at the Nanupur Madrasa courtyard. Nanupuri's elder son [[Hussain Ahmad Nanupuri]] was unable to participate as he was in the [[United Arab Emirates]] at the time and so when he returned, Nanupuri's younger son [[Imdadullah Nanupuri]] led a second funeral prayer. After the prayer, Nanupuri was buried in the Maqbara-e-Sultania.<ref name=":0"/>
Nanupuri died on 16 August 1997 in his own room at [[Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur]], after being ill for three years. The next day, [[Ali Ahmad Boalvi]] led his ''[[janaza]]'' at the Nanupur Madrasa courtyard. Nanupuri's elder son [[Hussain Ahmad Nanupuri]] was unable to participate as he was in the [[United Arab Emirates]] at the time and so when he returned, Nanupuri's younger son [[Imdadullah Nanupuri]] led a second funeral prayer. After the prayer, Nanupuri was buried in the Maqbara-e-Sultania.<ref name=":0"/>


Latest revision as of 06:37, 7 December 2024

Imām al-ʿĀrifīn Shah
Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri
সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী
Personal life
Born
Shah Sultan Ahmad

26 June 1914
Dharmapur, Chittagong District, Bengal Province
Died16 August 1997(1997-08-16) (aged 83)
Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur, Bangladesh
SpouseMomena Khatun
Children2
Alma materDarul Uloom Deoband
Religious life
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi
MovementDeobandi
Muslim leader
TeacherMuhammad Faizullah
Hussain Ahmed Madani
Ibrahim Balyawi
Izaz Ali Amrohi
Disciple ofHussain Ahmed Madani
Azizul Haq
Disciples
Students

Shah Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri (Bengali: শাহ সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী; 26 June 1914 – 16 August 1997), also known by his daak naam Badshah, was a Bangladeshi Islamic scholar, teacher and author. He established numerous madrasas in Bangladesh and was the founding principal of Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur for seventeen years.

Early life and family

[edit]

Shah Sultan Ahmad was born on 26 June 1914, to a Bengali Muslim family in the village of Dharmapur, located under the Fatikchhari subdivision of the Bengal Province's Chittagong District.[1] His father, Shah Fazlur Rahman, worked in Rangoon, British Burma and his mother, Umdah Khatun, was a housewife. His grandfather's great-grandfather, Akbar Shah, migrated from Arabia to Bengal via Afghanistan for dawah and permanently settled there. Among Fazlur Rahman's children, it was only him that did not die during childhood. When he was roughly two and a half years old, his mother died as a result of a cholera outbreak.[2][3]

Education

[edit]

Sultan Ahmad's education began at a local maktab ran by Ubaydul Haq Mianji. When he reached the age of five, he joined the Garzania Primary School. After his father's instruction, he later joined the Himayah al-Islam Madrasa in Nanupur Kalu Munshirhat. There he began studying from Yazdaham to Jamate Shashum under the likes of Lal Miyan,[1] Obaydul Hoque and Muhammad Faizullah.[4]

In his final year, his father died. After completing his studies, his stepmother advised him to join the Darul Uloom Alia Madrasa in the city of Chittagong. Ahmad stayed there for a few months but did not enjoy the curriculum, and so returned home. Being influenced by his former teachers, he intended to re-enrol from Jamate Shashum at the Darul Uloom Deoband. He therefore travelled to Saharanpur in Hindustan to complete his studies in Deoband. He also briefly studied at the nearby Mazahir Uloom, before graduating (MA) from the faculty of Hadith studies at Darul Uloom Deoband and beginning his philosophy course. Among his teachers were Hussain Ahmad Madani, Izaz Ali Amrohi, Ibrahim Balyawi, Zahur Ahmed, Habibullah Mirathi and Riyaz ad-Din.[4][5]

Career

[edit]
Sultan Ahmad became known as the Nanupuri Huzur from his long residence in Nanupur, particularly Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur madrasa.
Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri reciting a Persian poem by Hafez.
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During his studies in Deoband, Nanupuri served as an imam at the Deoband Central Mosque. After graduating and returning to Bengal, he sent a letter to join the faculty at the Al-Jamia al-Arabia Nasirul Islam in Nazirhat Bazar and was accepted to teach there. The erstwhile principal of the madrasa, Nur Ahmad, later employed Zafar Ahmad Usmani too. Usmani was a supporter of the All-India Muslim League, whilst Nanupuri strongly believed that religious institutions like the madrasa should be free from political influence. Nanupuri subsequently left and became a teacher at Al-Jamiatul Islamiah Azizul Uloom Babunagar for 15 years. Azizul Haq later instructed Nanupuri to become the acting principal, and later the founding principal of Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur in 1961. He served in Nanupur for seventeen years in total, and then gave up the role to Zamiruddin Nanupuri.[6] Among his notable students were Abdur Rahman Chatgami, Muhibbullah Babunagari and Sultan Zauq Nadvi.[7]

Among the other madrasas that he established are Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiyyah Bayt al-Huda and Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiyyah Azizul Uloom Pokkhali. He was also the founder of the Ar-Rashid monthly magazine.[4]

Personal life

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During his education in Deoband, Nanupuri spent seven years under Hussain Ahmad Madani, pledging bay'ah to Madani on 18 November 1944. However, after the Partition of India in 1947, Nanupuri was unable to maintain a close relationship with Madani, and could not meet with Ashraf Ali Thanwi either as he was ill. Madani responded to Nanupuri in a letter giving him permission to master tasawuuf under a different Sufi scholar. Nanupuri then became a murid of Azizul Haq of Patiya, and received khilafah (spiritual succession) from him after 15 years.[8]

Nanupuri first completed Hajj with his pir, Azizul Haq. In 1967, a businessman named Niamat Ali Sawdagar funded Nanupuri for Hajj. His third hajj took place in 1970, alongside Mohammed Younus and Abdur Rahman Chatgami. His fourth and last hajj was in 1991, alongside Mufti Said Ahmad (founder of Jamia Sultania Lalpol) and Afsar Ahmad (Qari of Nanupur Madrasa).[4]

On 21 January 1945, Nanupuri married Momena Khatun, the first daughter of Munshi Abdul Khaliq. They had four sons and six daughters, although two sons died at an early stage. His son, Imdadullah Nanupuri, is also an Islamic scholar and the principal of Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiyyah Bayt al-Huda.[9]

Death and legacy

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Graveyard

Nanupuri died on 16 August 1997 in his own room at Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Obaidia Nanupur, after being ill for three years. The next day, Ali Ahmad Boalvi led his janaza at the Nanupur Madrasa courtyard. Nanupuri's elder son Hussain Ahmad Nanupuri was unable to participate as he was in the United Arab Emirates at the time and so when he returned, Nanupuri's younger son Imdadullah Nanupuri led a second funeral prayer. After the prayer, Nanupuri was buried in the Maqbara-e-Sultania.[5]

Nanupuri's leading khalifah (spiritual successor) Said Ahmad established a madrasa in Feni named after him as Al-Jamiah al-Islamiyyah as-Sultaniyyah. He also wrote a biography on his teacher titled "Shah Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri's life and teachings" which was published by the Hakimul Ulama Foundation Bangladesh.[8] Shah Ahmad Ghani also wrote a biography on Nanupuri, and Abdul Majid Muhajir-e-Makki wrote an eleven-volume Urdu biography titled "Marif-e-Sultan". Abdus Salam Chatgami later edited the work and published it in two volumes.[10][11] His disciples have founded numerous institutions and organisations in his name such as the Allama Shah Sultan Ahmad Foundation Bangladesh, and his speeches have been collected and published. In 2018, Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiyyah Bayt al-Huda began publishing a seasonal magazine named after him as the Samayiki As-Sultan.[9] Among his other biographies are:

  1. Hayat-e-Nanupuri Rah. (1999) - Professor Munawwar
  2. Nanupuri Rah. Er Jibon O Dorshon (2000) - Imdadullah Nanupuri
  3. Fuyuz-e-Sultani (2005) - Mawlana Rafiq
  4. Kemon Chilen Nanupuri (2008) - Mahmudul Hasan
  5. Mawayez-e-Sultan (2008) - Mufti Moinuddin (Chief Mufti of Basundhara Madrasa)
  6. Malfuzat-e-Nanupuri

References

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  1. ^ a b al-Kumillai, Muhammad Hifzur Rahman (2018). "العالم الرباني الداعية الكبير المحدث الشيخ سلطان أحمد بن الشيخ فضل الرحمن النانوفوري" [al-ʿĀlim ar-Rabbānī, the great propagator, the Muhaddith, the Shaykh Sulṭān Aḥmad ibn Faḍl ar-Raḥmān al-Nānūfūrī]. كتاب البدور المضية في تراجم الحنفية (in Arabic). Cairo, Egypt: Dar al-Salih.
  2. ^ Aminul Islam, S. M.; Islam, Samar (January 2014). "মাওলানা সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী রহ.". বাংলার শত আলেমের জীবনকথা. Bangla Bazar, Dhaka: Baighar. pp. 336–338.
  3. ^ Khan, Dawlat Ali (25 August 2017). "এক দুনিয়া বিমুখ আধ্যাত্মিক রাহবার". Daily Inqilab (in Bengali).
  4. ^ a b c d Islam, Aminul; Islam, Samar (2014). বাংলার শত আলেমের জীবনকথা [Biographies of hundreds of Bengali scholars] (in Bengali). Dhaka-1100: Book House. pp. 109–113.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  5. ^ a b Ahmadullah, Hafez; Qadir, Ridwanul (2018). মাশায়েখে চাটগাম [Mashayekh-e Chatgam] (in Bengali). Dhaka: Ahmad Publication. pp. 162–185. ISBN 978-984-92106-4-1.
  6. ^ Nizampuri, Ashraf Ali (2013). "রাহবারে তরীকত মাওলানা সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী রহ.". দ্যা হান্ড্রেড (বাংলা মায়ের একশ কৃতিসন্তান) (in Bengali) (1 ed.). Hathazari: Salman Prakashani. pp. 362–364. ISBN 978-112009250-2.
  7. ^ Sayyid, Ahsan (2006). বাংলাদেশে হাদিস চর্চা উৎপত্তি ও ক্রমবিকাশ (in Bengali). 19 Segunbagicha, Dhaka: Adorn Publication. p. 261. ISBN 9789842005602.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  8. ^ a b Ahmad, Said. শায়খুল আরব ওয়াল আজম, কুতুবুল আলম আল্লামা শাহ সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী রহ. এর জীবন ও আদর্শ (in Bengali). Lalpol, Feni, Bangladesh: Hakimul Olama Foundation.
  9. ^ a b "আল্লামা শাহ সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী রহ. এর স্বরণে সাময়িকী". As-Sultan (in Bengali). Nanupur: As-Sultan Kafela. November 2018.
  10. ^ Ghani, Shah Ahmad. আল্লামা শাহ সুলতান আহমদ নানুপুরী রহ. এর জীবন ও অবদান. Nanupur: Allama Shah Sultan Ahmad Foundation Bangladesh.
  11. ^ Muhajir-e-Makki, Abdul Majid. Maarif-e-Sultan.
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