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Om Namo Bhagavate Vāsudevāya (Sanskrit: ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय, lit. 'I bow to God Vāsudeva'; listen^ⓘ) is one of the most popular mantras in Hinduism and, according to the Bhagavata tradition, the most important mantra in Vaishnavism.^[1] It is called the Dvadasakshari Mantra,^[2] or simply Dvadasakshari, meaning the "twelve-syllable" mantra, dedicated to Vishnu or Krishna.^[3]^[4]

Origin

Bhagavatism, one of the traditions that was assimilated with what would become Vaishnavism, revered the Vrishni heroes, primary among them being Vāsudeva (Krishna).^[5] It may be concluded that the mantra was first associated with the reverence of Vāsudeva as the supreme deity^[6] before he was syncretised with Vishnu, after which it became an invocation of both deities.

Meaning

Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya means "Om, I bow to Lord Vāsudeva or Lord Vishnu".^[7]

Term	Devanagari	Listen	Meaning
Om	ॐ	Om^ⓘ	Refers to the Supreme Infinite Spirit or Person. Om represents the Shabda Brahman.
Namo	नमो (namo)	Namo^ⓘ	Salutation, worship, a common spoken valediction or salutation originating from the Indian subcontinent. 'Namo' नमो is the Sandhi form of 'namas' नमस्, neuter nominative singular.
Bhagavate	भगवते	Bhagavate^ⓘ	1. God in Sanskrit, someone who is considered God (or equally powerful, merciful). 'Bhagavate' भगवते is the dative of 'bhagavat' भगवत्. 2. Bhagavate is one who is becoming divine.^[8]
Vāsudevāya	वासुदेवाय	Vāsudevāya^ⓘ	Vasu means "Life in all beings" Devaya means "God". This means God(life/light) who lives of all beings. Krishna is also known as Vāsudeva (Krishna), because He was the son of Vasudeva. In the Bhagavad-Gita, Arjuna called Krishna by the name Vaasudeva multiple times. 'Vāsudevāya' वासुदेवाय is the dative of 'vāsudeva' वासुदेव.

Details

Om Namo Bhagavate Vāsudevaya means "prostration to Vasudeva", who is variously understood as Krishna.^[9] The Vaishnava Upanishads state that this mantra is described on the Sudarshana Chakra:^[10]

Similarly, in the twelve petals, is placed the Vasudevan (the twelve-syllabled Mantra, Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya).
— Vaishnava Upanishads

The Sharada Tilaka, a Tantric text, states:

"Dvadasharno mahamantrah pradhano Vaishnavagame"— The twelve lettered mantra is the chief among vaishnava mantras.

Similarly, this is referred to as the ultimate mantra in the Shrimad Bhagavatam. This twelve syllable mantra^[11] is known as a mukti (liberation) mantra, and a spiritual formula for attaining freedom.^{[citation needed]} The mantra can also be found in the Vishnu Purana.^[12]

In the epic Mahabharata, Dhruva chanted this mantra in his penance as ordered by sage Narada.^[13]

In popular culture

Swami Vivekananda used this phrase multiple times in his lectures and letters.^[14]^[15]
Swami Sivananda suggested to repeat mantras like Om or "Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya".^[16]
Vedanta philosopher Dayananda Saraswati wrote a book named "Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya".^[17]
Willow Smith and Jahnavi Harrison put this mantra into their song Gajendra from their collaborative album RISE

References

^ Farquhar, J. N. (John Nicol) (1920). An outline of the religious literature of India. Cornell University Library. London; New York : H. Milford, Oxford University Press. p. 186.
^ Benjamin Walker. Hindu World Vol. 2 An Encyclopedic Survey Of Wisdom Benjamin Walker. p. 27.
^ Prabhakar Balvant Machwe (1983). Bhāratīya Saṃskr̥ti, Volume 1. Bhāratīya Saṃskr̥ti Saṃsada. p. 212.
^ Edwin F. Bryant (18 June 2007). Krishna: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-19-972431-4.
^ Dineschandra Sircar (1971). Studies In The Religious Life Of Ancient and Medieval India by Dineschandra Sircar (1971). p. 19.
^ Swami Sivananda exclusive books. p. 73.
^ J. Donald Walters (1 March 2002). The Art and Science of Raja Yoga: Fourteen Steps to Higher Awareness : Based on the Teachings of Paramhansa Yogananda. Crystal Clarity Publishers. pp. 251–. ISBN 978-1-56589-166-1. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
^ "Chanting Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya". Retrieved 14 April 2012.
^ Swami Krishnananda. "The Significance of Mantra-Japa Sadhana". swami-krishnananda.org. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
^ Upanishad Brahmayogin. 108 Upanishads with Sanskrit Commentary of Upanishad Brahma Yogin. Adyar Library.
^ Alexander Studholme (2002). The Origins of Oṃ Maṇipadme Hūṃ: A Study of the Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra. SUNY Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-7914-5389-6.
^ Veda Vyasa. Vishnu Purana English Translation with Sanskrit Text. p. 72.
^ "Dhruva". Vaniquotes. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
^ "Swami Vivekananda Letters". Vedanta network Boston. Archived from the original on 16 May 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
^ "Swami Vivekananda letter the 15th February [1893]". Ramakrishna Vivekananda Info. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
^ "20 Instructions by Swami Sivanananda". Writespirit. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
^ "Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya by Swami Dayananda Saraswati". vedicbooks.net/. Retrieved 4 May 2012.

[1] Farquhar, J. N. (John Nicol) (1920). An outline of the religious literature of India. Cornell University Library. London; New York : H. Milford, Oxford University Press. p. 186.

[2] Benjamin Walker. Hindu World Vol. 2 An Encyclopedic Survey Of Wisdom Benjamin Walker. p. 27.

[3] Prabhakar Balvant Machwe (1983). Bhāratīya Saṃskr̥ti, Volume 1. Bhāratīya Saṃskr̥ti Saṃsada. p. 212.

[4] Edwin F. Bryant (18 June 2007). Krishna: A Sourcebook. Oxford University Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-19-972431-4.

[5] Dineschandra Sircar (1971). Studies In The Religious Life Of Ancient and Medieval India by Dineschandra Sircar (1971). p. 19.

[6] Swami Sivananda exclusive books. p. 73.

[Walters2002-7] J. Donald Walters (1 March 2002). The Art and Science of Raja Yoga: Fourteen Steps to Higher Awareness : Based on the Teachings of Paramhansa Yogananda. Crystal Clarity Publishers. pp. 251–. ISBN 978-1-56589-166-1. Retrieved 24 June 2012.

[Chanting_Om_Namo_Bhagavate_Vasudevaya_chant_blg-8] "Chanting Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya". Retrieved 14 April 2012.

[The_Significance_of_Mantra-Japa_Sadhana_Kr-9] Swami Krishnananda. "The Significance of Mantra-Japa Sadhana". swami-krishnananda.org. Retrieved 14 April 2012.

[10] Upanishad Brahmayogin. 108 Upanishads with Sanskrit Commentary of Upanishad Brahma Yogin. Adyar Library.

[Studholme2002-11] Alexander Studholme (2002). The Origins of Oṃ Maṇipadme Hūṃ: A Study of the Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra. SUNY Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-7914-5389-6.

[12] Veda Vyasa. Vishnu Purana English Translation with Sanskrit Text. p. 72.

[13] "Dhruva". Vaniquotes. Retrieved 14 April 2012.

[Swami_Vivekananda_Letters-14] "Swami Vivekananda Letters". Vedanta network Boston. Archived from the original on 16 May 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.

[Swami_Vivekananda_letter_the_15th_February_[1893]-15] "Swami Vivekananda letter the 15th February [1893]". Ramakrishna Vivekananda Info. Retrieved 14 April 2012.

[20_Instructions_by_Swami_Sivanananda-16] "20 Instructions by Swami Sivanananda". Writespirit. Retrieved 14 April 2012.

[Om_Namo_Bhagavate_Vasudevaya_by_Swami_Dayananda_Saraswati-17] "Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya by Swami Dayananda Saraswati". vedicbooks.net/. Retrieved 4 May 2012.

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2014}}{{italic title}}[[File:Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya.jpg|thumb|Om Namo Bhagavate Vāsudevaya in [[Devnagari|Devanagari]]]]
-'''''Om Namo Bhagavate Vāsudevāya''''' ({{audio|Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya Pronunciation.oga|listen}}) ([[Devanagari]]: ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय) {{Literal translation|"I bow to the Ultimate Reality, Vāsudeva"}} is one of the most popular [[Hindu]] [[mantra]]s, and according to the [[Bhagavata]] tradition, the most important mantra in [[Vaishnavism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Farquhar |first=J. N. (John Nicol) |url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924023004629 |title=An outline of the religious literature of India |date=1920 |publisher=London ; New York : H. Milford, Oxford University Press |others=Cornell University Library |pages=186}}</ref> It is called the '''Dvadasakshari Mantra''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benjamin Walker |url=http://archive.org/details/hindu-world-vol.-2-an-encyclopedic-survey-of-wisdom-benjamin-walker |title=Hindu World Vol. 2 An Encyclopedic Survey Of Wisdom Benjamin Walker |pages=27}}</ref> or simply '''Dvadasakshari''', meaning the "twelve-syllable" mantra, dedicated to [[Vishnu]] and [[Krishna]] both.<ref>{{cite book |title=Bhāratīya Saṃskr̥ti, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qa8aAAAAMAAJ |author=Prabhakar Balvant Machwe |publisher=Bhāratīya Saṃskr̥ti Saṃsada |page=212 |year=1983}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Krishna: A Sourcebook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2n4VDAAAQBAJ |author=Edwin F. Bryant |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=354}}</ref> It has two traditions—[[Tantra|Tantric]] and [[Puranic]]. In the Tantric tradition, the rishi of the mantra is [[Prajapati]]; in the Puranic tradition, the rishi is [[Narada]]. Both refer to it as the supreme Vishnu mantra.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}
+'''''Om Namo Bhagavate Vāsudevāya''''' ({{langx|sa|ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय|lit=I bow to God Vāsudeva}}; {{audio|Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya Pronunciation.oga|listen}}) is one of the most popular [[mantra]]s in [[Hinduism]] and, according to the [[Bhagavata]] tradition, the most important mantra in [[Vaishnavism]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Farquhar |first=J. N. (John Nicol) |url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924023004629 |title=An outline of the religious literature of India |date=1920 |publisher=London; New York : H. Milford, Oxford University Press |others=Cornell University Library |pages=186}}</ref> It is called the Dvadasakshari Mantra,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benjamin Walker |url=http://archive.org/details/hindu-world-vol.-2-an-encyclopedic-survey-of-wisdom-benjamin-walker |title=Hindu World Vol. 2 An Encyclopedic Survey Of Wisdom Benjamin Walker |pages=27}}</ref> or simply Dvadasakshari, meaning the "twelve-syllable" mantra, dedicated to [[Vishnu]] or [[Krishna]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Bhāratīya Saṃskr̥ti, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qa8aAAAAMAAJ |author=Prabhakar Balvant Machwe |publisher=Bhāratīya Saṃskr̥ti Saṃsada |page=212 |year=1983}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Krishna: A Sourcebook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2n4VDAAAQBAJ |author=Edwin F. Bryant | date=18 June 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=354| isbn=978-0-19-972431-4 }}</ref>
 == Origin ==
 [[Bhagavata|Bhagavatism]], one of the traditions that was assimilated with what would become [[Vaishnavism]], revered the [[Vrishni heroes]], primary among them being [[Vāsudeva]] (Krishna).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dineschandra Sircar |url=http://archive.org/details/Sircar1971 |title=Studies In The Religious Life Of Ancient and Medieval India by Dineschandra Sircar (1971) |date=1971 |pages=19}}</ref> It may be concluded that the mantra was first associated with the reverence of Vāsudeva as the supreme deity<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/swami-sivananda-books |title=Swami Sivananda exclusive books |pages=73}}</ref> before he was syncretised with Vishnu, after which it became an invocation of both deities.
-[[File:Krishna dancing on a lotus, c1825.jpg|thumb|V'''''ā'''''sudeva (Krishna) dancing on a lotus, Tamil Nadu]]
+[[File:Krishna dancing on a lotus, c1825.jpg|thumb|Vāsudeva (Krishna) dancing on a lotus, Tamil Nadu]]
 ==Meaning==
-''Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya'' means "''Om'', I bow to Lord Vāsudeva or Lord Vishnu".<ref name="Walters2002">{{cite book|author=J. Donald Walters|title=The Art and Science of Raja Yoga: Fourteen Steps to Higher Awareness : Based on the Teachings of Paramhansa Yogananda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zh9DJU6CvLAC&pg=PA251|access-date=24 June 2012|date=1 March 2002|publisher=Crystal Clarity Publishers|isbn=978-1-56589-166-1|pages=251–}}</ref>
+''Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya'' means "''Om'', I bow to Lord Vāsudeva or Lord Vishnu".<ref name="Walters2002">{{cite book |author=J. Donald Walters |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tzSBzgEACAAJ |title=The Art and Science of Raja Yoga: Fourteen Steps to Higher Awareness : Based on the Teachings of Paramhansa Yogananda |date=1 March 2002 |publisher=Crystal Clarity Publishers |isbn=978-1-56589-166-1 |pages=251– |access-date=24 June 2012}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable" width="60%"
 |- bgcolor="#C2D4F2"
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 | [[Bhagavata|Bhagavate]] ||{{center|भगवते}}||{{audio|Bhagabate_Pronunciation.ogg|Bhagavate}}||1. God in [[Sanskrit]], someone who is considered God (or equally powerful, merciful). 'Bhagavate' भगवते is the [[dative case|dative]] of 'bhagavat' भगवत्.<br/>2. Bhagavate is one who is becoming divine.<ref name="Chanting Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya chant blg">{{cite web|title=Chanting Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya|url=http://sacralweb.blogspot.in/2008/10/chanting-om-namo-bhagavate-vasudevaya.html|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref>
 |-
-| [[Vāsudeva|Vāsudevā]]ya ||{{center|वासुदेवाय}}||{{audio|Vasudevaya_Pronunciation.ogg|Vāsudevāya}}||Vasu means "Life in all beings" Devaya means "God". This means God(life/light) who lives of all beings. Other meaning for
+| [[Vāsudeva|Vāsudevā]]ya ||{{center|वासुदेवाय}}||{{audio|Vasudevaya_Pronunciation.ogg|Vāsudevāya}}||Vasu means "Life in all beings" Devaya means "God". This means God(life/light) who lives of all beings.
 Krishna is also known as [[Vāsudeva]] (Krishna), because He was the son of [[Vasudeva]]. In the [[Bhagavad-Gita]], [[Arjuna]] called Krishna by the name Vaasudeva multiple times. 'Vāsudevāya' वासुदेवाय is the [[dative case|dative]] of 'vāsudeva' वासुदेव.
 |}{{Vaishnavism}}
-== Significance ==
+== Details ==
-''Om Namo Bhagavate Vāsudevaya'' means "prostration to [[Vāsudeva|Vasudeva]]", who is variously understood as Krishna an incarnation of Vishnu."<ref name="The Significance of Mantra-Japa Sadhana Kr">{{cite web|title=The Significance of Mantra-Japa Sadhana|url=http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/disc/disc_90.html|publisher=swami-krishnananda.org|access-date=14 April 2012|author=Swami Krishnananda}}</ref> According to the [[Bhagavad Gita]], Krishna himself asked his devotees to completely surrender to him:
+''Om Namo Bhagavate Vāsudevaya'' means "prostration to [[Vāsudeva|Vasudeva]]", who is variously understood as Krishna.<ref name="The Significance of Mantra-Japa Sadhana Kr">{{cite web|title=The Significance of Mantra-Japa Sadhana|url=http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/disc/disc_90.html|publisher=swami-krishnananda.org|access-date=14 April 2012|author=Swami Krishnananda}}</ref> The [[Vaishnava Upanishads]] state that this mantra is described on the [[Sudarshana Chakra]]:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Upanishad Brahmayogin |url=http://archive.org/details/108_Upanishads_with_Sanskrit_Commentary_of_Upanishad_Brahma_Yogin |title=108 Upanishads with Sanskrit Commentary of Upanishad Brahma Yogin |publisher=Adyar Library|language=English}}</ref>
-{{cquote|सर्वधर्मान्परित्यज्य मामेकं शरणं व्रज ।
-अहं त्वां सर्वपापेभ्यो मोक्षयिष्यामि मा शुचः ॥१८- ६६॥
-<br/>'''Translation:''' Abandon all varieties of religion and just surrender unto Me. I shall deliver you from all sinful reaction. Do not fear. [Gita 18/66]
-}}The [[Vaishnava Upanishads]] state that this mantra is described on the [[Sudarshana Chakra]]:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Upanishad Brahmayogin |url=http://archive.org/details/108_Upanishads_with_Sanskrit_Commentary_of_Upanishad_Brahma_Yogin |title=108 Upanishads with Sanskrit Commentary of Upanishad Brahma Yogin |publisher=Adyar Library|language=English}}</ref>
 {{Blockquote|text=Similarly, in the twelve petals, is placed the Vasudevan (the twelve-syllabled Mantra, Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya).|title=[[Vaishnava Upanishads]]}}
 The [[Sarada Tilaka|Sharada Tilaka]], a [[Tantra|Tantric]] text, states:
@@ Line 36: / Line 32: @@
 }}
-Similarly, this is referred to as the ultimate mantra in the [[Shrimad Bhagavatam]]. This twelve syllable mantra<ref name="Studholme2002">{{cite book |author=Alexander Studholme |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VlulOGhZ3EC&pg=PA177 |title=The Origins of Oṃ Maṇipadme Hūṃ: A Study of the Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5389-6 |pages=177}}</ref> is known as a mukti (liberation) mantra, and a spiritual formula for attaining freedom.<ref name="Om Namo Bhagavate vasudevaya">{{cite web |title=Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya |url=http://spiritualsoul.net/group/mantra/forum/topics/om-namo-bhagavate-vasudevaya?xg_source=activity |access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref> The mantra can also be found in the ''[[Vishnu Purana]]''.
+Similarly, this is referred to as the ultimate mantra in the [[Shrimad Bhagavatam]]. This twelve syllable mantra<ref name="Studholme2002">{{cite book |author=Alexander Studholme |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VlulOGhZ3EC&pg=PA177 |title=The Origins of Oṃ Maṇipadme Hūṃ: A Study of the Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5389-6 |pages=177}}</ref> is known as a mukti (liberation) mantra, and a spiritual formula for attaining freedom.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} The mantra can also be found in the ''[[Vishnu Purana]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Veda Vyasa |url=https://archive.org/details/vishnu-purana-sanskrit-english-ocr/page/n77/mode/1up |title=Vishnu Purana English Translation with Sanskrit Text |pages=72}}</ref>
+In the epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'', [[Dhruva]] chanted this mantra in his penance as ordered by sage [[Narada]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dhruva |url=http://www.vaniquotes.org/wiki/Prince_Dhruva_was_initiated_by_Narada_into_chanting%E2%80%A6_om_namo_bhagavate_vasudevaya,_and_Lord_Vasudeva_incarnated_Himself_as_Prsnigarbha,_the_Personality_of_Godhead_with_four_hands,_and_awarded_the_prince_a_specific_planet_above_the_seven_stars |access-date=14 April 2012 |publisher=Vaniquotes}}</ref>
 ==In popular culture==
+*[[Swami Vivekananda]] used this phrase multiple times in his lectures and letters.<ref name="Swami Vivekananda Letters">{{cite web|title=Swami Vivekananda Letters|url=http://www.vivekananda.org/newSVLetters.asp|publisher=Vedanta network Boston|access-date=14 April 2012|archive-date=16 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516014920/http://www.vivekananda.org/newSVLetters.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Swami Vivekananda letter the 15th February [1893]">{{cite web|title=Swami Vivekananda letter the 15th February [1893]|url=http://www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info/vivekananda/unpublished/i_your_highness.htm|publisher=Ramakrishna Vivekananda Info|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref>
-*[[Dhruva]] used this as his mantra in his penance. Dhruva was initiated by [[Narada]] into chanting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dhruva|url=http://www.vaniquotes.org/wiki/Prince_Dhruva_was_initiated_by_Narada_into_chanting%E2%80%A6_om_namo_bhagavate_vasudevaya,_and_Lord_Vasudeva_incarnated_Himself_as_Prsnigarbha,_the_Personality_of_Godhead_with_four_hands,_and_awarded_the_prince_a_specific_planet_above_the_seven_stars|publisher=Vaniquotes|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref>
-*[[Swami Vivekananda]] used this phrase multiple times in his lectures and letters.<ref name="Swami Vivekananda Letters">{{cite web|title=Swami Vivekananda Letters|url=http://www.vivekananda.org/newSVLetters.asp|publisher=Vedanta network Boston|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="Swami Vivekananda letter the 15th February [1893]">{{cite web|title=Swami Vivekananda letter the 15th February [1893]|url=http://www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info/vivekananda/unpublished/i_your_highness.htm|publisher=Ramakrishna Vivekananda Info|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref>
 *[[Swami Sivananda]] suggested to repeat mantras like [[Om]] or "Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya".<ref name="20 Instructions by Swami Sivanananda">{{cite web|title=20 Instructions by Swami Sivanananda|url=http://www.writespirit.net/authors/swami_sivananda/writings_sivananda/20%20Instructions/index.html|publisher=Writespirit|access-date=14 April 2012}}</ref>
-*[[Vedanta]] philosopher [[Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)|Dayananda Saraswati]] wrote a book named "Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya".<ref name="Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya by Swami Dayananda Saraswati">{{cite web|title=Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya  by Swami Dayananda Saraswati|url=http://www.vedicbooks.net/namo-bhagavate-vasudevaya-p-3650.html|publisher=vedicbooks.net/|access-date=4 May 2012}}</ref>
+*[[Vedanta]] philosopher [[Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)|Dayananda Saraswati]] wrote a book named "Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya".<ref name="Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya by Swami Dayananda Saraswati">{{cite web|title=Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya by Swami Dayananda Saraswati|url=http://www.vedicbooks.net/namo-bhagavate-vasudevaya-p-3650.html|publisher=vedicbooks.net/|access-date=4 May 2012}}</ref>
 * [[Willow Smith]] and [[Jahnavi Harrison]] put this mantra into their song Gajendra from their collaborative album RISE

v t e Krishna
Forms	Bala Krishna Gopala-Krishna Govinda Jagannath Radha Krishna Shrinathji Vāsudeva-Krishna Vithoba Other names
Consorts	Radha Ashtabharya Rukmini Satyabhama Jambavati Kalindi Nagnajiti Mitravinda Lakshmana Bhadra Other 16000 - 16100 Junior wives Rohini
Other relatives	Aniruddha Arjuna Balarama Devaki Kamsa Kunti Nanda Pradyumna Samba Subhadra Ugrasena Vasudeva Yashoda More
Worship	Sects Krishnaism Vaishnavism Festivals Krishna Janmashtami Gita Mahotsav Holi Pilgrimage circuits 48 Kos Parikrama of Kurukshetra Vraja Parikrama
Holy sites	Associated with Krishna's life Mathura Gokul Govardhan Hill Vrindavan Dvaraka Kurukshetra Jyotisar Bhalka Other sites: Guruvayur Nathdwara Pandharpur Puri Udupi
Epigraphy	Hathibada Ghosundi Heliodorus pillar Mora Well Naneghat Vasu Doorjamb
Texts	Bhagavata Purana Gita Govinda Mahabharata Bhagavad Gita Krishna's role Brahma Samhita Uddhava Gita
See also	Svayam Bhagavan Avatar Dashavatara Vishnu Guru–shishya tradition