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| taxon = Synoicus
| taxon = Synoicus
| authority = [[John Gould|Gould]], 1843
| authority = [[John Gould|Gould]], 1843
| type_species = ''[[Brown quail|Tetrao ypsilophorus]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc|Bosc]], 1792
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms = ''Anurophasis''<small> [[Eduard Daniel van Oort|van Oort]], 1910</small></br>
| synonyms = ''Anurophasis''<small> [[Eduard Daniel van Oort|van Oort]], 1910</small><br />
''Excalfactoria'' <small>[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1856</small>
''Excalfactoria'' <small>[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1856</small>
}}
}}


'''''Synoicus''''' is a genus of 4 species of Old World [[quail]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/taxonomy/|access-date=2021-07-14|language=en-US}}</ref>
'''''Synoicus''''' is a genus of 4 species of [[Old World quail]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/taxonomy/|access-date=2021-07-14|language=en-US}}</ref>


The species in the genus are distributed throughout [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], tropical [[Asia]], and [[Australasia]]. Two of the four species in the genus were originally classified in ''Excalfactoria'', one was classified in ''[[Snow Mountain quail|Anurophasis]]'', and one was classified in ''[[Coturnix]]''. Several phylogenetic studies found these species to all group together into a single genus, which was followed by the [[International Ornithologists' Union|International Ornithological Congress]] in 2021.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Seabrook-Davison|first=Mark|last2=Huynen|first2=Leon|last3=Lambert|first3=David M.|last4=Brunton|first4=Dianne H.|date=2009-07-28|title=Ancient DNA Resolves Identity and Phylogeny of New Zealand's Extinct and Living Quail (Coturnix sp.)|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0006400|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=4|issue=7|pages=e6400|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0006400|issn=1932-6203|pmc=PMC2712072|pmid=19636374}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hosner|first=Peter A.|last2=Tobias|first2=Joseph A.|last3=Braun|first3=Edward L.|last4=Kimball|first4=Rebecca T.|date=2017-05-17|title=How do seemingly non-vagile clades accomplish trans-marine dispersal? Trait and dispersal evolution in the landfowl (Aves: Galliformes)|url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2017.0210|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=284|issue=1854|pages=20170210|doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.0210|pmc=PMC5443944|pmid=28469029}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kimball|first=Rebecca T.|last2=Mary|first2=Colette M. St|last3=Braun|first3=Edward L.|date=2011-05-02|title=A Macroevolutionary Perspective on Multiple Sexual Traits in the Phasianidae (Galliformes)|url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijeb/2011/423938/|access-date=2021-07-14|website=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|language=en}}</ref>
The species in the genus are distributed throughout [[sub-Saharan Africa]], tropical Asia, and [[Australasia]]. Two of the four species in the genus were originally classified in ''Excalfactoria'', one was classified in ''[[Snow Mountain quail|Anurophasis]]'', and one was classified in ''[[Coturnix]]''. Several phylogenetic studies found these species to all group together into a single genus, which was followed by the [[International Ornithologists' Union|International Ornithological Congress]] in 2021.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Seabrook-Davison|first1=Mark|last2=Huynen|first2=Leon|last3=Lambert|first3=David M.|last4=Brunton|first4=Dianne H.|date=2009-07-28|title=Ancient DNA Resolves Identity and Phylogeny of New Zealand's Extinct and Living Quail (Coturnix sp.)|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=4|issue=7|pages=e6400|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0006400|issn=1932-6203|pmc=2712072|pmid=19636374|bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.6400S|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hosner|first1=Peter A.|last2=Tobias|first2=Joseph A.|last3=Braun|first3=Edward L.|last4=Kimball|first4=Rebecca T.|date=2017-05-17|title=How do seemingly non-vagile clades accomplish trans-marine dispersal? Trait and dispersal evolution in the landfowl (Aves: Galliformes)|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=284|issue=1854|pages=20170210|doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.0210|pmc=5443944|pmid=28469029}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kimball|first1=Rebecca T.|last2=Mary|first2=Colette M. St|last3=Braun|first3=Edward L.|date=2011-05-02|title=A Macroevolutionary Perspective on Multiple Sexual Traits in the Phasianidae (Galliformes)|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2011|page=423938|doi=10.4061/2011/423938|pmid=21716735|pmc=3119463|language=en |doi-access=free }}</ref>


== Species ==
== Species ==
{{Species table |genus=Synoicus |authority-name=[[John Gould|Gould]]|authority-year= 1843 |species-count=four|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan="3" align="center" style="background-color: #D3D3A4" |Species
{{Species table/row
|-
!Common and binomial names
|name= Brown quail|binomial=[[Synoicus ypsilophorus]]
|image=File:Coturnix ypsilophora - Sydney Olympic Park.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
! class="unsortable" |Image
|authority-name=Bosc |authority-year=1792 |authority-not-original=yes
!Range
|range= Mainland [[Australia]], [[Tasmania]] and [[Papua New Guinea]]; introduced to [[New Zealand]] and [[Fiji]]
|-
|range-image=
|[[Brown quail]] (''Synoicus ypsilophorus'')
|range-image-size=180px
|[[File:Coturnix_ypsilophora_-_granite_island_2.jpg|120x120px]]
|size=
|Mainland [[Australia]], [[Tasmania]] and [[Papua New Guinea]]; introduced to [[New Zealand]] and [[Fiji]]
|habitat=
|-
|hunting=
|[[Snow Mountain quail]] (''Synoicus monorthonyx'')
|iucn-status= LC
|[[File:Snow Mountains Quail.JPG|frameless|120x120px]]
|population=
|[[Snow Mountains|Snow]] and [[Star Mountains]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]] ([[Indonesia]]) and [[Papua New Guinea]]
|direction=
|-
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Nine subspecies |bullets=on
|[[King quail]] (''Synoicus chinensis'')
| ''S. y. raaltenii'' <small>([[Salomon Müller|Müller, S]], 1842)</small>
|[[File:Excalfactoria chinensis (aka).jpg|frameless|122x122px]]
| ''S. y. pallidior'' <small>[[Ernst Hartert|Hartert, EJO]], 1897</small>
|[[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] east to [[Taiwan]], south to eastern [[Australia]]
| ''S. y. saturatior'' <small>Hartert, EJO, 1897</small>
|-
| ''S. y. dogwa'' <small>[[Ernst Mayr|Mayr]] & [[Austin L. Rand|Rand]], 1935</small>
|[[Blue quail]] (''Synoicus adansonii'')
| ''S. y. plumbeus'' <small>[[Tommaso Salvadori|Salvadori]], 1895</small>
|[[File:ExcalfactoriaAdansoniDavies.jpg|frameless|122x122px]]
| ''S. y. monticola'' <small>Mayr & Rand, 1935</small>
|[[Sub-Saharan Africa]], from [[Zambia]] north to [[Ethiopia]], and west to [[Sierra Leone]]
| ''S. y. mafulu'' <small>Mayr & Rand, 1935</small>
|}
| ''S. y. australis'' <small>([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1801)</small>
| ''S. y. ypsilophorus'' <small>([[Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc|Bosc]], 1792)</small>
}}
}}

{{Species table/row
|name=Snow Mountain quail |binomial=[[Synoicus monorthonyx]]
|image=File:Puyuh jayawijaya, crop.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=van Oort|authority-year= 1910|authority-not-original=yes
|range= [[Snow Mountains|Snow]] and [[Star Mountains]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]] ([[Indonesia]]) and Papua New Guinea
|range-image=File:Snow Mountains Quail range.jpg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/row
|name=King quail |binomial=[[Synoicus chinensis]]
|image=File:Asian Blue Quail RWD.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1766 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] east to [[Taiwan]], south to eastern [[Australia]]
|range-image=
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Six subspecies |bullets=on
| ''S. c. chinensis'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1766)</small>
| ''S. c. trinkutensis'' <small>[[Charles Wallace Richmond|Richmond]], 1902</small>
| ''S. c. lineatus'' <small>([[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scopoli]], 1786)</small>
| ''S. c. lepidus'' <small>(</small><small>[[Gustav Hartlaub|Hartlaub]], 1879)</small>
| ''S. c. victoriae'' ([[Gregory Mathews|<small>Mathews</small>]]<small>, 1912)</small>
| ''S. c. colletti'' (<small>Mathews, 1912)</small>
}}
}}

{{Species table/row
|name=Blue quail |binomial=[[Synoicus adansonii]]
|image=File:ExcalfactoriaAdansoniDavies.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=|authority-year= |authority-not-original=yes
|range= [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], from [[Zambia]] north to [[Ethiopia]], and west to [[Sierra Leone]]
|range-image=
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/end}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Pangalliformes|Pha.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q21406866}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Synoicus]]
[[Category:Synoicus]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]

Latest revision as of 12:26, 7 December 2024

Synoicus
S. ypsilophorus
S. chinensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Galliformes
Family: Phasianidae
Tribe: Coturnicini
Genus: Synoicus
Gould, 1843
Type species
Tetrao ypsilophorus
Bosc, 1792
Species

See text

Synonyms

Anurophasis van Oort, 1910
Excalfactoria Bonaparte, 1856

Synoicus is a genus of 4 species of Old World quail.[1]

The species in the genus are distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa, tropical Asia, and Australasia. Two of the four species in the genus were originally classified in Excalfactoria, one was classified in Anurophasis, and one was classified in Coturnix. Several phylogenetic studies found these species to all group together into a single genus, which was followed by the International Ornithological Congress in 2021.[1][2][3][4]

Species

[edit]
Genus Synoicus – Gould, 1843 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Brown quail

Synoicus ypsilophorus
(Bosc, 1792)

Nine subspecies
  • S. y. raaltenii (Müller, S, 1842)
  • S. y. pallidior Hartert, EJO, 1897
  • S. y. saturatior Hartert, EJO, 1897
  • S. y. dogwa Mayr & Rand, 1935
  • S. y. plumbeus Salvadori, 1895
  • S. y. monticola Mayr & Rand, 1935
  • S. y. mafulu Mayr & Rand, 1935
  • S. y. australis (Latham, 1801)
  • S. y. ypsilophorus (Bosc, 1792)
Mainland Australia, Tasmania and Papua New Guinea; introduced to New Zealand and Fiji Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Snow Mountain quail

Synoicus monorthonyx
(van Oort, 1910) 		Snow and Star Mountains, West Papua (Indonesia) and Papua New Guinea
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


King quail

Synoicus chinensis
(Linnaeus, 1766)

Six subspecies
  • S. c. chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
  • S. c. trinkutensis Richmond, 1902
  • S. c. lineatus (Scopoli, 1786)
  • S. c. lepidus (Hartlaub, 1879)
  • S. c. victoriae (Mathews, 1912)
  • S. c. colletti (Mathews, 1912)
India and Sri Lanka east to Taiwan, south to eastern Australia Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 


Blue quail

Synoicus adansonii
(, ) 		Sub-Saharan Africa, from Zambia north to Ethiopia, and west to Sierra Leone Size:

Habitat:

Diet: 		 LC 



References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Taxonomic Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-07-14.
  2. ^ Seabrook-Davison, Mark; Huynen, Leon; Lambert, David M.; Brunton, Dianne H. (2009-07-28). "Ancient DNA Resolves Identity and Phylogeny of New Zealand's Extinct and Living Quail (Coturnix sp.)". PLOS ONE. 4 (7): e6400. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.6400S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006400. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2712072. PMID 19636374.
  3. ^ Hosner, Peter A.; Tobias, Joseph A.; Braun, Edward L.; Kimball, Rebecca T. (2017-05-17). "How do seemingly non-vagile clades accomplish trans-marine dispersal? Trait and dispersal evolution in the landfowl (Aves: Galliformes)". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284 (1854): 20170210. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0210. PMC 5443944. PMID 28469029.
  4. ^ Kimball, Rebecca T.; Mary, Colette M. St; Braun, Edward L. (2011-05-02). "A Macroevolutionary Perspective on Multiple Sexual Traits in the Phasianidae (Galliformes)". International Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2011: 423938. doi:10.4061/2011/423938. PMC 3119463. PMID 21716735.
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