Clearwater Lakes: Difference between revisions

Clearwater Lakes
*Lac Wiyâshâkimî*
Clearwater Lakes; Lac Wiyâshâkimî
	Clearwater Lakes as seen from a Space Shuttle (North is top right)
	Clearwater Lakes; Lac Wiyâshâkimî
Location	Baie-d'Hudson, Kativik, Quebec
Coordinates	56°08′N 74°18′W / 56.133°N 74.300°W
Type	Impact crater lake
Primary outflows	Clearwater River
Basin countries	Canada
Surface area	1,383 km2 (534 sq mi)
Max. depth	178 m (584 ft)
Surface elevation	241 m (791 ft)

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The Lac Wiyâshâkimî (the official name, in French, formerly Lac à l'Eau Claire, a calque of the lake's name, Wiyâšâkamî, in Northern East Cree, changed form of wâšâkamî or wâšekamî in more southerly Cree dialects),^{[citation needed]} also called the Clearwater Lakes in English and Allait Qasigialingat by the Inuit,^[3]^[a] are a pair of annular lakes and impact structures on the Canadian Shield in Quebec, Canada, near Hudson Bay.

The lakes are actually a single body of water with a sprinkling of islands forming a "dotted line" between the eastern and western parts. Its name in Cree is due to the clear water it holds. There are actually 25 lakes with names that mean "Clearwater Lake" in the province (26 if the Petit lac à l'Eau Claire—the Small Clearwater Lake—is included). Collectively, this body of water is the largest, northernmost and the second-largest natural lake in Quebec after Lake Mistassini.^[2]

In 1896, the explorer and geologist Albert Peter Low, a member of the Geological Survey of Canada, provided a probable explanation for the lakes' descriptive Cree name by highlighting the extraordinary clarity and depth of their icy waters.^[3]

Impact craters

The Clearwater Lakes occupy the near-circular depressions of two astroblemes – eroded impact craters.^[4] The eastern and western craters are 26 km (16 mi) and 36 km (22 mi) in diameter, respectively.^[5]^[6] Both craters were previously believed to have the same age, 290 ± 20 million years (Permian period),^[7] promoting the long-held idea that they formed simultaneously. According to this doublet impact crater theory initially proposed by Michael R. Dence and colleagues in 1965,^[8] the impactors may have been gravitationally bound as a binary asteroid, a suggestion also made by Thomas Wm. Hamilton in a 1978 letter to Sky & Telescope magazine in support of the then-controversial theory that asteroids may possess moons^[9] (such as, for example, asteroid 243 Ida with its satellite Dactyl^[10]).

Clearwater East and Clearwater West are both complex craters with distinct central peaks. These peaks are caused by the gravitational collapse of crater walls and subsequent rebound of the compressed crater floor. Lake water and sediments cover the central peak of Clearwater East, but bathymetric surveys of the lake floor and core drilling confirm the presence of a peak in its center.^[11]

Ordovician

Repeated ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of impact melt rocks from both impact craters suggests that Clearwater East has an age of approximately 460–470 million years, corresponding to the Middle Ordovician time period.^[12]^[13]

Permian

Clearwater West was formed 286.2 ± 2.6 million years ago, in the Early Permian.^[12]^[13] Both Clearwater impact structures also carry different geophysical (natural remanent magnetization) signatures^[14] and different geochemical fingerprints of the impacting meteorite in the impact melt of each crater.^[15]

Microclimate

Because of its size, Lac Wiyâshâkimî can affect the local climate, as attested to by the distribution of plant species. Although the lake's shorelines are populated mainly by boreal species, the flora of the central islands in the western basin of the lake is characteristically arctic, making the islands an arctic enclave.^[2]

National park

A vast area surrounding the lakes, Richmond Gulf (Lac Guillaume-Delisle), and Iberville Lake (Lac D'Iberville) are part of the 15,549 km² (6,004 sq mi) Tursujuq National Park, Quebec's largest national park, opened in 2012.^[2]

Notes

^ The Inuit name contains a reference to the freshwater seals that inhabit the lake.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Statistics Canada > summary tables > Principal lakes, elevation and area, by provinces and territories Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs, Provisional Master Plan Parc national des Lacs-Guillaume-Delisle-et-à-l'Eau-Claire, Quebec, 2008, ISBN 978-2-550-52710-7 (Online version Archived November 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine)
^ ^a ^b ^c "Lac à l'Eau Claire". Commission de Toponymie Québec (in French). Gouvernement du Québec. 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
^ Robertson, P.B.; Grieve, R.A.F. (1975). "Impact structures in Canada: Their recognition and characteristics". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 69: 1–21.
^ "Clearwater West". Earth Impact Database. Planetary and Space Science Centre University of New Brunswick Fredericton. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
^ "Clearwater East". Earth Impact Database. Planetary and Space Science Centre University of New Brunswick Fredericton. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
^ Reimold, W.U.; Grieve, R.A.F.; Palme, H. (1981). "Rb-Sr dating of the impact melt from East Clearwater, Quebec". Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 76: 73–76. doi:10.1007/BF00373685.
^ Dence, M.R.; Innes, M.J.S.; Beals, C.S. (1965). "On the probable meteorite origin of the Clearwater Lakes, Quebec". Royal Astronom. Soc. Canada J. 59: 13–22.
^ Hamilton, Thomas Wm. (27 August 2014). Impact Craters of Earth: with Selected Craters Elsewhere. Strategic Book Publishing & Rights Agency. p. 24. ISBN 9781631353536. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
^ Chapman, C.R.; Veverka, J.; Thomas, P.C.; Klaasen, K.; Belton, M.J.S.; Harch, A.; McEwen, A.; Johnson, T.V.; Helfenstein, P.; Davies, M.E.; Merline, W.J.; Denk, T. (1995). "Discovery and physical properties of Dactyl, a satellite of asteroid 243 Ida". Nature. 374: 783–784. doi:10.1038/374783a0.
^ NASA Earth Observatory (2013). "A One-Two Punch".
^ ^a ^b Bottomley, R.J., York, D., and Grieve, R.A.F. 1990. ⁴⁰Argon-³⁹Argon dating of impact craters. Proc. 20th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., LPI, Houston, pp. 421–431.
^ ^a ^b Schmieder, M.; Schwarz, W. H.; Trieloff, M.; Tohver, E.; Buchner, E.; Hopp, J.; Osinski, G. R. (2015). "New ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of the Clearwater Lake impact structures (Québec, Canada) – Not the binary asteroid impact it seems?". Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 148: 304–324. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2014.09.037.
^ Scott, R.G.; Pilkington, M.; Tanczyk, E.I. (1997). "Magnetic investigations of the West Hawk, Deep Bay, and Clearwater impact structures, Canada". Meteoritics Planet. Sci. 32: 293–308. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1997.tb01267.x.
^ Palme, H.; Janssens, M.-J.; Takahashi, H.; Anders, E.; Hertogen, J. (1978). "Meteoritic material at five large impact craters". Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 42 (3): 313–323. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(78)90184-9.

External links

[4] The Inuit name contains a reference to the freshwater seals that inhabit the lake.^[3]

[SClakes-1] Statistics Canada > summary tables > Principal lakes, elevation and area, by provinces and territories Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine

[pmp-2] Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs, Provisional Master Plan Parc national des Lacs-Guillaume-Delisle-et-à-l'Eau-Claire, Quebec, 2008, ISBN 978-2-550-52710-7 (Online version Archived November 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine)

[CTQ-3] "Lac à l'Eau Claire". Commission de Toponymie Québec (in French). Gouvernement du Québec. 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2023.

[R&G1975-5] Robertson, P.B.; Grieve, R.A.F. (1975). "Impact structures in Canada: Their recognition and characteristics". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 69: 1–21.

[6] "Clearwater West". Earth Impact Database. Planetary and Space Science Centre University of New Brunswick Fredericton. Retrieved 15 September 2019.

[7] "Clearwater East". Earth Impact Database. Planetary and Space Science Centre University of New Brunswick Fredericton. Retrieved 15 September 2019.

[Reimold_etal_1981-8] Reimold, W.U.; Grieve, R.A.F.; Palme, H. (1981). "Rb-Sr dating of the impact melt from East Clearwater, Quebec". Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 76: 73–76. doi:10.1007/BF00373685.

[Dence_etal_1965-9] Dence, M.R.; Innes, M.J.S.; Beals, C.S. (1965). "On the probable meteorite origin of the Clearwater Lakes, Quebec". Royal Astronom. Soc. Canada J. 59: 13–22.

[Hamilton2014-10] Hamilton, Thomas Wm. (27 August 2014). Impact Craters of Earth: with Selected Craters Elsewhere. Strategic Book Publishing & Rights Agency. p. 24. ISBN 9781631353536. Retrieved 28 February 2021.

[Chapman_etal_1995-11] Chapman, C.R.; Veverka, J.; Thomas, P.C.; Klaasen, K.; Belton, M.J.S.; Harch, A.; McEwen, A.; Johnson, T.V.; Helfenstein, P.; Davies, M.E.; Merline, W.J.; Denk, T. (1995). "Discovery and physical properties of Dactyl, a satellite of asteroid 243 Ida". Nature. 374: 783–784. doi:10.1038/374783a0.

[12] NASA Earth Observatory (2013). "A One-Two Punch".

[Bottomley1990-13] Bottomley, R.J., York, D., and Grieve, R.A.F. 1990. ⁴⁰Argon-³⁹Argon dating of impact craters. Proc. 20th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., LPI, Houston, pp. 421–431.

[Schmieder2014-14] Schmieder, M.; Schwarz, W. H.; Trieloff, M.; Tohver, E.; Buchner, E.; Hopp, J.; Osinski, G. R. (2015). "New ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of the Clearwater Lake impact structures (Québec, Canada) – Not the binary asteroid impact it seems?". Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 148: 304–324. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2014.09.037.

[Scott_etal_1997-15] Scott, R.G.; Pilkington, M.; Tanczyk, E.I. (1997). "Magnetic investigations of the West Hawk, Deep Bay, and Clearwater impact structures, Canada". Meteoritics Planet. Sci. 32: 293–308. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1997.tb01267.x.

[Palme_etal_1978-16] Palme, H.; Janssens, M.-J.; Takahashi, H.; Anders, E.; Hertogen, J. (1978). "Meteoritic material at five large impact craters". Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 42 (3): 313–323. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(78)90184-9.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Lakes in northern Quebec, Canada}}
 {{distinguish|Clearwater Lake (disambiguation)}}
-{{Infobox lake
+{{Infobox body of water
- | name = Clearwater Lakes<br>''Lac à l'Eau Claire''
+ | name = Clearwater Lakes<br />''Lac Wiyâshâkimî''
  | image = STS61A Clearwater Lakes.jpg
  | caption = Clearwater Lakes as seen from a [[Space Shuttle]] (North is top right)
  | image_bathymetry =
  | caption_bathymetry =
+|pushpin_map=Quebec
  | location = [[Baie-d'Hudson, Quebec|Baie-d'Hudson]], [[Kativik, Quebec|Kativik]], [[Quebec]]
  | coords =   {{coord|56|08|N|74|18|W|type:waterbody_region:CA-QC_scale:400000|display=inline,title}}
- | type = [[impact crater]] lake
+ | type = [[Impact crater lake]]
  | inflow =
  | outflow = [[Clearwater River (Quebec)|Clearwater River]]
@@ Line 26: / Line 28: @@
 }}
 [[File:Clearwater Lakes 2013180 labels.jpg|thumb|400px|Clearwater Lakes, 2013 image by NASA Earth Observatory]]
-The '''Lac à l'Eau Claire''' (the official name, in [[French language|French]]), also called the '''Clearwater Lakes''' in English, is a [[calque]] of '''Wiyâšâkamî''' in Northern East [[Cree]] (changed form of ''wâšâkamî'' or ''wâšekamî'' in more southerly Cree dialects) and '''Allait Qasigialingat''' by the [[Inuit]],<ref name="CTQ">{{cite web |url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/topos/carto.asp?Speci=20177&Latitude=56,16666&Longitude=-74,41666&Zoom=1700 |title=Lac à l'Eau Claire |accessdate=2009-01-30 |publisher=Commission de Toponymie Québec |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017001034/http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/topos/carto.asp?Speci=20177&Latitude=56%2C16666&Longitude=-74%2C41666&Zoom=1700 |archivedate=2014-10-17 |df= }}</ref> are a pair of [[annular lake]]s on the [[Canadian Shield]] in [[Quebec]], Canada, near [[Hudson Bay]].
+The '''Lac Wiyâshâkimî''' (the official name, in [[French language|French]], formerly '''Lac à l'Eau Claire''', a [[calque]] of the lake's name, '''Wiyâšâkamî''', in Northern East [[Cree]], changed form of ''wâšâkamî'' or ''wâšekamî'' in more southerly Cree dialects),{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} also called the '''Clearwater Lakes''' in English and '''Allait Qasigialingat''' by the [[Inuit]],<ref name="CTQ">{{cite web |url=https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=405570 |title=Lac à l'Eau Claire |access-date=2 February 2023 |website=Commission de Toponymie Québec|publisher=Gouvernement du Québec|year=2012 |language=fr}}</ref>{{efn|The Inuit name contains a reference to the [[freshwater seal]]s that inhabit the lake.<ref name="CTQ"/>}} are a pair of [[annular lake]]s and  [[Impact structure|impact structures]] on the [[Canadian Shield]] in [[Quebec]], Canada, near [[Hudson Bay]].
-The lakes are actually a single body of water with a sprinkling of islands forming a "dotted line" between the eastern and western parts. The name is due to the clear water it holds. There are actually 25 lakes with that name in the province (26 if the ''Petit lac à l'Eau Claire'' — the Small Clearwater Lake — is included). These are the largest and northernmost, and the second largest natural lake in Quebec after [[Lake Mistassini]].<ref name="pmp"/>
+The lakes are actually a single body of water with a sprinkling of islands forming a "dotted line" between the eastern and western parts. Its name in Cree is due to the clear water it holds. There are actually 25 lakes with names that mean "Clearwater Lake" in the province (26 if the ''Petit lac à l'Eau Claire''—the Small Clearwater Lake—is included). Collectively, this body of water is the largest, northernmost and the second-largest natural lake in Quebec after [[Lake Mistassini]].<ref name="pmp"/>
 <!---
   {{coor dms|56|10|00|N|74|25|00|W|}}
@@ Line 60: / Line 62: @@
 In 1896, the explorer and geologist [[Albert Peter Low]], a member of the Geological Survey of Canada, provided a probable explanation for the lakes' descriptive Cree name by highlighting the extraordinary clarity and depth of their icy waters.<ref name="CTQ"/>
-==Impact craters==
+== Impact craters ==
-The Clearwater Lakes occupy the near-circular depressions of two eroded [[impact crater]]s ([[astrobleme]]s).<ref name="R&G1975">Robertson, P.B. & Grieve, R.A.F. 1975 Impact structures in Canada: Their recognition and characteristics. Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, v. 69, pp. 1-21.</ref> The eastern and western craters are {{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} and {{convert|36|km|mi|abbr=on}} in diameter, respectively.<ref>{{Cite Earth Impact DB| name = Clearwater West | linkname = clearwaterw | accessdate = 2008-12-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite Earth Impact DB| name = Clearwater East | linkname = clearwatere | accessdate = 2008-12-30 }}</ref> Both craters were previously believed to have the same age, 290 ± 20 million years ([[Permian period]]),<ref>Reimold, W.U., Grieve, R.A.F. and Palme, H. 1981. Rb-Sr dating of the impact melt from East Clearwater, Quebec. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 76, 73–76.</ref> promoting the long-held idea that they formed simultaneously. According to this doublet impact crater theory initially proposed by [[Michael R. Dence]] and colleagues in 1965,<ref>Dence, M. R., Innes, M. J. S. and Beals, C. S., 1965. On the probable meteorite origin of the Clearwater Lakes, Quebec. Royal Astronom. Soc. Canada J. 59, 13–22.</ref> the impactors may have been gravitationally bound as a [[binary asteroid]], a suggestion also made by [[Thomas Wm. Hamilton]] in a 1978 letter to [[Sky & Telescope]] magazine in support of the then-controversial theory that asteroids may possess moons (such as, for example, asteroid [[243 Ida]] with its satellite Dactyl<ref>Chapman, C.R., Veverka, J., Thomas, P.C., Klaasen, K., Belton, M.J.S., Harch, A., McEwen, A., Johnson, T.V., Helfenstein, P., Davies, M.E., Merline, W.J., Denk, T., 1995. Discovery and physical properties of Dactyl, a satellite of asteroid 243 Ida. Nature, 374, 783–784.</ref>). However, repeated [[Argon–argon dating|<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating]] of [[impactite|impact melt rocks]] from both impact craters suggests that Clearwater East has an age of approximately 460–470 million years, corresponding to the [[Ordovician]] time period, whereas Clearwater West was formed 286.2 ± 2.6 million years ago, in the early [[Permian]].<ref>Bottomley, R.J., York, D., and Grieve, R.A.F. 1990. <sup>40</sup>Argon-<sup>39</sup>Argon dating of impact craters. Proc. 20th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., LPI, Houston, pp. 421–431.</ref><ref>Schmieder, M., Schwarz, W. H., Trieloff, M., Tohver, E., Buchner, E., Hopp, J. & Osinski, G. R. 2014. New <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating of the Clearwater Lake impact structures (Québec, Canada) – Not the binary asteroid impact it seems? Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta (in press).</ref> Both Clearwater impact structures also carry different geophysical ([[natural remanent magnetization]]) signatures<ref>Scott, R. G., Pilkington, M. and Tanczyk, E. I. 1997. Magnetic investigations of the West Hawk, Deep Bay, and Clearwater impact structures, Canada. Meteoritics Planet. Sci. 32, 293–308.</ref> and different geochemical fingerprints of the impacting [[meteorite]] in the [[impactite|impact melt]] of each crater.<ref>Palme, H., Janssens, M.-J., Takahashi, H., Anders, E. and Hertogen, J. 1978. Meteoritic material at five large impact craters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 42, 313–323.</ref>
+The Clearwater Lakes occupy the near-circular depressions of two [[astrobleme]]s – eroded [[impact crater]]s.<ref name="R&G1975">{{Cite journal |last=Robertson |first=P.B. |last2=Grieve |first2=R.A.F. |date=1975 |title=Impact structures in Canada: Their recognition and characteristics |url=https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1975JRASC..69....1R |journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada |volume=69 |pages=1–21}}</ref> The eastern and western craters are {{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} and {{convert|36|km|mi|abbr=on}} in diameter, respectively.<ref>{{Cite Earth Impact DB| name = Clearwater West | linkname = ClearwaterWest | accessdate = 15 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite Earth Impact DB| name = Clearwater East | linkname = ClearwaterEast | accessdate = 15 September 2019 }}</ref> Both craters were previously believed to have the same age, 290 ± 20 million years ([[Permian period]]),<ref name="Reimold_etal_1981">{{Cite journal |last=Reimold |first=W.U. |last2=Grieve |first2=R.A.F. |last3=Palme |first3=H. |date=1981 |title=Rb-Sr dating of the impact melt from East Clearwater, Quebec |journal=Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. |volume=76 |pages=73–76 |doi=10.1007/BF00373685}}</ref> promoting the long-held idea that they formed simultaneously. According to this doublet impact crater theory initially proposed by [[Michael R. Dence]] and colleagues in 1965,<ref name="Dence_etal_1965">{{Cite journal |last=Dence |first=M.R. |last2=Innes |first2=M.J.S. |last3=Beals |first3=C.S. |date=1965 |title=On the probable meteorite origin of the Clearwater Lakes, Quebec |url=https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1965JRASC..59...13D |journal=Royal Astronom. Soc. Canada J. |volume=59 |pages=13–22}}</ref> the impactors may have been gravitationally bound as a [[binary asteroid]], a suggestion also made by [[Thomas Wm. Hamilton]] in a 1978 letter to ''[[Sky & Telescope]]'' magazine in support of the then-controversial theory that asteroids may possess moons<ref name="Hamilton2014"/> (such as, for example, asteroid [[243 Ida]] with its satellite Dactyl<ref name="Chapman_etal_1995">{{Cite journal |last=Chapman |first=C.R. |last2=Veverka |first2=J. |last3=Thomas |first3=P.C. |last4=Klaasen |first4=K. |last5=Belton |first5=M.J.S. |last6=Harch |first6=A. |last7=McEwen |first7=A. |last8=Johnson |first8=T.V. |last9=Helfenstein |first9=P. |last10=Davies |first10=M.E. |last11=Merline |first11=W.J. |last12=Denk |first12=T. |date=1995 |title=Discovery and physical properties of Dactyl, a satellite of asteroid 243 Ida |journal=Nature |volume=374 |pages=783–784|doi=10.1038/374783a0}}</ref>).
-Clearwater East and Clearwater West are both [[complex crater]]s with distinct central peaks. These peaks are caused by the gravitational collapse of crater walls and subsequent rebound of the compressed crater floor. Lake water and sediments cover the central peak of Clearwater East, but bathymetric surveys of the lake floor and core drilling confirm the presence of a peak in its center.<ref>[http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=82433 A One-Two Punch] by NASA Earth Observatory</ref>
+Clearwater East and Clearwater West are both [[complex crater]]s with distinct central peaks. These peaks are caused by the gravitational collapse of crater walls and subsequent rebound of the compressed crater floor. Lake water and sediments cover the central peak of Clearwater East, but bathymetric surveys of the lake floor and core drilling confirm the presence of a peak in its center.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NASA Earth Observatory |date=2013 |title=A One-Two Punch |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/82433/a-one-two-punch}}</ref>
-==Micro climate==
+=== Ordovician ===
+{{see also|:Category:Ordovician impact craters}}
-Because of its size, Lac à l'Eau Claire can affect the [[micro climate|local climate]], as attested to by the distribution of plant species. Although the lake's shorelines are populated mainly by [[Boreal ecosystem|boreal]] species, the flora of the central islands in the western basin of the lake is characteristically [[arctic]], making the islands an arctic enclave.<ref name="pmp"/>
+Repeated [[Argon–argon dating|<sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating]] of [[impactite|impact melt rocks]] from both impact craters suggests that '''Clearwater East''' has an age of approximately 460–470 million years, corresponding to the [[Ordovician|Middle Ordovician]] time period.<ref name=Bottomley1990/><ref name=Schmieder2014/>
+=== Permian ===
+{{see also|:Category:Permian impact craters}}
+'''Clearwater West''' was formed 286.2 ± 2.6 million years ago, in the [[Cisuralian|Early Permian]].<ref name=Bottomley1990>Bottomley, R.J., York, D., and Grieve, R.A.F. 1990. <sup>40</sup>Argon-<sup>39</sup>Argon dating of impact craters. Proc. 20th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf., LPI, Houston, pp. 421–431.</ref><ref name=Schmieder2014>{{cite journal|last1=Schmieder|first1= M.|last2= Schwarz|first2= W. H.|last3= Trieloff|first3= M.|last4= Tohver|first4= E.|last5= Buchner|first5= E.|last6= Hopp|first6= J.|last7= Osinski|first7= G. R.|date= 2015|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.09.037|title= New <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating of the Clearwater Lake impact structures (Québec, Canada) – Not the binary asteroid impact it seems?|journal= Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta |volume=148|pages=304–324|doi=10.1016/j.gca.2014.09.037}}</ref> Both Clearwater impact structures also carry different geophysical ([[natural remanent magnetization]]) signatures<ref name="Scott_etal_1997">{{Cite journal |last=Scott |first=R.G. |last2=Pilkington |first2=M. |last3=Tanczyk |first3=E.I. |date=1997 |title=Magnetic investigations of the West Hawk, Deep Bay, and Clearwater impact structures, Canada |journal=Meteoritics Planet. Sci. |volume=32 |pages=293–308 |doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.1997.tb01267.x}}</ref> and different geochemical fingerprints of the impacting [[meteorite]] in the [[impactite|impact melt]] of each crater.<ref name="Palme_etal_1978">{{Cite journal |last=Palme |first=H. |last2=Janssens |first2=M.-J. |last3=Takahashi |first3=H. |last4=Anders |first4=E. |last5=Hertogen |first5=J. |date=1978 |title=Meteoritic material at five large impact craters |journal=Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=313–323 |doi=10.1016/0016-7037(78)90184-9}}</ref>
+[[File:NASA_Hudson_Bay_Nastapoka_Arc.jpg|right|thumb|Satellite photograph of the Clearwater Lakes (on the right) relative to the [[Nastapoka Arc]].]]
+==Microclimate==
+Because of its size, Lac Wiyâshâkimî can affect the [[micro climate|local climate]], as attested to by the distribution of plant species. Although the lake's shorelines are populated mainly by [[Boreal ecosystem|boreal]] species, the flora of the central islands in the western basin of the lake is characteristically [[arctic]], making the islands an arctic enclave.<ref name="pmp"/>
 ==National park==
 A vast area surrounding the lakes, [[Richmond Gulf]] (''Lac Guillaume-Delisle''), and Iberville Lake (''Lac D'Iberville'') are part of the {{convert|15549|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} [[Tursujuq National Park]], Quebec's largest national park, opened in 2012.<ref name="pmp">Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement
 et des Parcs, ''Provisional Master Plan Parc national des Lacs-Guillaume-Delisle-et-à-l'Eau-Claire'', Quebec, 2008, {{ISBN|978-2-550-52710-7}} ([http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/parcs/projets/Guil-Delisle-Eauclaire/pdp_en.pdf Online version] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110024029/http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/parcs/projets/Guil-Delisle-Eauclaire/pdp_en.pdf |date=November 10, 2013 }})</ref>
+==See also==
+{{Portal|Geology|Canada
+}}
+* [[Nastapoka arc]], an embayment of Hudson Bay 140&nbsp;km to the west, discredited as an impact crater
+* [[Manicouagan Reservoir]], a large Late Triassic epoch impact crater lake 650&nbsp;km to the southeast
+==Notes==
+{{notelist}}
 ==References==
-{{Reflist}}
+{{Reflist|refs=
+<ref name="Hamilton2014">{{cite book
+  |title      = Impact Craters of Earth: with Selected Craters Elsewhere
+  |url        = https://books.google.com/books?id=-ImmBAAAQBAJ
+  |first      = Thomas Wm. |last = Hamilton
+  | date=27 August 2014 |publisher  = Strategic Book Publishing & Rights Agency
+  |page       = 24
+  |isbn       = 9781631353536
+  |access-date = 28 February 2021}}</ref>
+}}
 ==External links==
-{{Commons|Clearwater Lakes}}
+{{Commons}}
 *[http://craterexplorer.ca/clearwater-west-impact-crater/ Aerial Exploration of the Clearwater West Structure]
 *[http://craterexplorer.ca/clearwater-east-impact-crater/ Aerial Exploration of the Clearwater East Structure]
 {{Impact cratering on Earth}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Impact craters of Quebec]]
 [[Category:Lakes of Nord-du-Québec]]
+[[Category:Ordovician impact craters]]
 [[Category:Permian impact craters]]
-[[Category:Annular lakes]]
+[[Category:Impact crater lakes]]
+[[Category:Ordovician Quebec]]

v t e Impact cratering on Earth
Impact crater Impact event
Lists	Worldwide Africa Antarctica Asia and Russia Australia Europe North America South America By country Possible
Confirmed ≥20 km diameter	Acraman Amelia Creek Araguainha Beaverhead Boltysh Carswell Charlevoix Chesapeake Bay Chicxulub Clearwater East and West Gosses Bluff Haughton Kamensk Kara Karakul Keurusselkä Lappajärvi Logancha Manicouagan Manson Mistastin Mjølnir Montagnais Morokweng Nördlinger Ries Obolon' Popigai Presqu'île Puchezh-Katunki Rochechouart Saint Martin Shoemaker Siljan Ring Slate Islands Steen River Strangways Sudbury Tookoonooka Tunnunik Vredefort Woodleigh Yarrabubba
Topics	Alvarez hypothesis Australite Breccia Coesite Complex crater Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary Cryptoexplosion Ejecta blanket Impact crater Impact structure Impactite Late Heavy Bombardment Lechatelierite Meteorite Moldavite Ordovician meteor event Philippinite Planar deformation features Shatter cone Shock metamorphism Shocked quartz Stishovite Suevite Tektite
Research	Ralph Belknap Baldwin Daniel Barringer Barringer Medal Edward C. T. Chao Robert S. Dietz William Kenneth Hartmann H. Jay Melosh Graham Ryder Peter H. Schultz Eugene Merle Shoemaker Earth Impact Database Impact Field Studies Group Lunar and Planetary Institute Traces of Catastrophe