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Added category New Right (United States) as he was the first Republican to represent Georgia in Congress since reconstruction, riding a Republican wave in the deep South resulting from the appeal of Barry Goldwater.
 
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{{short description|American businessman and politician (1927–2014)}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}}
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{{short description|American businessman and politician (1927-2014)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Bo Callaway
|name = Bo Callaway
|image = Howard Callaway.jpg
|image = File:Howard Callaway in 1974 (cropped).jpg

|caption = Callaway's portrait in 2008
|caption = Callaway in 1974
|office = 11th [[United States Secretary of the Army]]
|office = 11th [[United States Secretary of the Army]]
|president = [[Richard Nixon]]<br />[[Gerald Ford]]
|president = [[Richard Nixon]]<br />[[Gerald Ford]]
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}}
}}


'''Howard Hollis Callaway''' (April 2, 1927<ref name="a">{{Cite web|url=https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/C/CALLAWAY,-Howard-Hollis-(Bo)-(C000055)/|title=CALLAWAY, Howard Hollis (Bo)|work=[[United States House of Representatives]]|access-date=October 16, 2022}}</ref> – March 15, 2014) was an American businessman and politician.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/29999655/|title=Callaway of Georgia: A GOP Governor?|work=[[The Amarillo Globe-Times]]|location=[[Amarillo, Texas]]|date=September 1, 1966|access-date=October 16, 2022|page=35|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Closed access}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/847079440/|title=Belated Vindication for Bo Callaway|work=[[The Macon Telegraph]]|location=[[Macon, Georgia]]|date=June 26, 1977|access-date=October 16, 2022|page=37|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Closed access}}</ref> He served as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican member]] of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for the [[Georgia's 3rd congressional district|3rd district]] of [[Georgia's congressional districts|Georgia]].<ref name="a" /> He also served as the 11th [[United States Secretary of the Army]].<ref name="b" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ledger-enquirer.com:80/2014/03/15/3006193/carter-recalls-intense-rivalry.html|title=Carter recalls intense rivalry and eventual friendship with Callaway|work=[[Ledger-Enquirer]]|first=Tony|last=Adams|date=March 15, 2014|access-date=October 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331051232/http://www.ledger-enquirer.com:80/2014/03/15/3006193/carter-recalls-intense-rivalry.html|archive-date=October 16, 2022|url-status=live|via=[[Wayback Machine]]}}</ref>
'''Howard Hollis "Bo" Callaway''' (April 2, 1927<ref name="a">{{Cite web|url=https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/C/CALLAWAY,-Howard-Hollis-(Bo)-(C000055)/|title=CALLAWAY, Howard Hollis (Bo)|work=[[United States House of Representatives]]|access-date=October 16, 2022}}</ref> – March 15, 2014) was an American businessman and politician.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/29999655/|title=Callaway of Georgia: A GOP Governor?|work=[[The Amarillo Globe-Times]]|location=[[Amarillo, Texas]]|date=September 1, 1966|access-date=October 16, 2022|page=35|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Closed access}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/847079440/|title=Belated Vindication for Bo Callaway|work=[[The Macon Telegraph]]|location=[[Macon, Georgia]]|date=June 26, 1977|access-date=October 16, 2022|page=37|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Closed access}}</ref> He served as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican member]] of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for the [[Georgia's 3rd congressional district|3rd district]] of [[Georgia's congressional districts|Georgia]].<ref name="a" /> He also served as the 11th [[United States Secretary of the Army]].<ref name="b" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ledger-enquirer.com:80/2014/03/15/3006193/carter-recalls-intense-rivalry.html|title=Carter recalls intense rivalry and eventual friendship with Callaway|work=[[Ledger-Enquirer]]|first=Tony|last=Adams|date=March 15, 2014|access-date=October 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331051232/http://www.ledger-enquirer.com:80/2014/03/15/3006193/carter-recalls-intense-rivalry.html|archive-date=March 31, 2014|url-status=live|via=[[Wayback Machine]]}}</ref>


== Life and career==
== Life and career==
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Callaway was born in [[LaGrange, Georgia|LaGrange]], Georgia,<ref name="a" /> the son of Virginia Hollis and Cason Callaway,<ref name="b" /> and the grandson of [[Fuller Earle Callaway]]. Callaway attended [[Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia)|Episcopal High School]], graduating in 1944.<ref name="a" /> Callaway then attended [[Georgia Tech]] and the [[United States Military Academy]], where he earned a degree in [[military engineering]] in 1949.<ref name="b" /><ref name="a" /> He served in the [[United States Army]] during the [[Korean War]]. He was discharged in 1953 and returned to Georgia to help his parents develop and run [[Callaway Gardens]].<ref name="b" />
Callaway was born in [[LaGrange, Georgia|LaGrange]], Georgia,<ref name="a" /> the son of Virginia Hollis and Cason Callaway,<ref name="b" /> and the grandson of [[Fuller Earle Callaway]]. Callaway attended [[Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia)|Episcopal High School]], graduating in 1944.<ref name="a" /> Callaway then attended [[Georgia Tech]] and the [[United States Military Academy]], where he earned a degree in [[military engineering]] in 1949.<ref name="b" /><ref name="a" /> He served in the [[United States Army]] during the [[Korean War]]. He was discharged in 1953 and returned to Georgia to help his parents develop and run [[Callaway Gardens]].<ref name="b" />


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In [[1964 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia|1964]], he was elected as a Republican to represent [[Georgia's 3rd congressional district]] in the [[United States House of Representatives]], succeeding [[Tic Forrester]]. Callaway was the first Republican to represent Georgia in Congress since [[Reconstruction (United States)|Reconstruction]], riding a Republican wave in the Deep South resulting from the appeal of [[Barry Goldwater]] to conservative Southerners.<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=1964-11-04 |title=SOUTH REVERSES VOTING PATTERNS; Goldwater Makes Inroads, but More Electoral Votes Go to the President |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/04/archives/south-reverses-voting-patterns-goldwater-makes-inroads-but-more.html |access-date=2023-03-02 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
===Political career in Georgia===
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Like many Southerners, Callaway was initially a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], but switched to the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] due to national Democrats' more liberal stances against [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]].<ref name="b" /> In [[1964 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia|1964]], he was elected as a Republican to represent [[Georgia's 3rd congressional district]] in the [[United States House of Representatives]], succeeding [[Tic Forrester]]. Callaway was the first Republican to represent Georgia in Congress since [[Reconstruction (United States)|Reconstruction]], riding a Republican wave in the Deep South resulting from the appeal of [[Barry Goldwater]] to conservative Southerners.<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=1964-11-04 |title=SOUTH REVERSES VOTING PATTERNS; Goldwater Makes Inroads, but More Electoral Votes Go to the President |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/04/archives/south-reverses-voting-patterns-goldwater-makes-inroads-but-more.html |access-date=2023-03-02 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


Rather than run for re-election, Callaway ran as the Republican candidate in the [[1966 Georgia gubernatorial election]]. The election was exceptionally close due to a split within the [[Georgia Democratic Party|state Democratic Party]] between supporters of segregationist [[Lester Maddox]] and liberal former governor [[Ellis Arnall]]; after Maddox won the Democratic nomination, Arnall continued his campaign as a [[write-in candidate]]. Ultimately, Callaway won a [[Plurality (voting)|plurality]] but not a majority of votes cast, which under Georgia law meant that the election was thrown to the [[Georgia General Assembly]]. After a series of lawsuits reaching the [[United States Supreme Court]], the authority of the legislature was ultimately upheld, and Maddox was elected governor by the heavily Democratic legislature.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1967-01-11 |title=Quickly Sworn In Behind Shut Doors |pages=1 |work=The Atlanta Constitution |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104243788/quickly-sworn-in-behind-shut-doors/ |access-date=2023-03-02}}</ref>
Rather than run for re-election, Callaway ran as the Republican candidate in the [[1966 Georgia gubernatorial election]]. The election was exceptionally close due to a split within the [[Georgia Democratic Party|state Democratic Party]] between supporters of segregationist [[Lester Maddox]] and liberal former governor [[Ellis Arnall]]; after Maddox won the Democratic nomination, Arnall continued his campaign as a [[write-in candidate]]. Ultimately, Callaway won a [[Plurality (voting)|plurality]] but not a majority of votes cast, which under Georgia law meant that the election was thrown to the [[Georgia General Assembly]]. After a series of lawsuits reaching the [[United States Supreme Court]], the authority of the legislature was ultimately upheld, and Maddox was elected governor by the heavily Democratic legislature.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1967-01-11 |title=Quickly Sworn In Behind Shut Doors |pages=1 |work=The Atlanta Constitution |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104243788/quickly-sworn-in-behind-shut-doors/ |access-date=2023-03-02}}</ref>
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===Later career===
===Later career===
[[File:Howard Callaway.jpg|thumb|left|Portrait of Callaway|180px]]
Callaway resided in [[Colorado]] in the 1970s.<ref name="b" /> In 1973, he was appointed by [[Richard Nixon]] to serve as the 11th [[United States Secretary of the Army]].<ref name="b" /> He served under Nixon and [[Gerald Ford]] and was succeeded by [[Norman R. Augustine]] in 1975.
Callaway resided in [[Colorado]] in the 1970s.<ref name="b" /> In 1973, he was appointed by [[Richard Nixon]] to serve as the 11th [[United States Secretary of the Army]].<ref name="b" /> He served under Nixon and [[Gerald Ford]] and was succeeded by [[Norman R. Augustine]] in 1975. As Army Secretary, Callaway entered into a prominent national controversy when he first reduced the sentece of and later paroled Lieutenant [[William Calley]] for his role in the [[My Lai massacre]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baxter |first1=R. R. |title=The My Lai Massacre And Its Cover‐up |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/08/01/archives/the-my-lai-massacre-and-its-coverup-a-crime-against-humanity-an.html |work=The New York Times |date=August 1, 1976}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Adams |first1=Tony |title=Bo Callaway dies at age 86 |url=https://www.ledger-enquirer.com/news/local/article29324335.html |work=Columbus Ledger-Enquirer |date=July 29, 2015}}</ref>


Callaway served as Ford's [[campaign manager]],<ref name="c">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/312021318/|title=Bo Callaway Relieved as Ford Manager|work=[[Lincoln Journal Star]]|location=[[Lincoln, Nebraska]]|date=March 13, 1976|access-date=October 16, 2022|page=1|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Closed access}}</ref> but resigned following accusations that he had used undue political influence to ensure the expansion of a ski resort;<ref name="c" /> he was replaced by [[Rogers Morton]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/31/archives/callaway-quits-post.html|title=Callaway Quits Post|first=James|last=Naughton|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 31, 1976|access-date=October 16, 2022}}</ref>
Callaway served as Ford's [[campaign manager]],<ref name="c">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/312021318/|title=Bo Callaway Relieved as Ford Manager|work=[[Lincoln Journal Star]]|location=[[Lincoln, Nebraska]]|date=March 13, 1976|access-date=October 16, 2022|page=1|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Closed access}}</ref> but resigned following accusations that he had used undue political influence to ensure the expansion of a ski resort;<ref name="c" /> he was replaced by [[Rogers Morton]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/31/archives/callaway-quits-post.html|title=Callaway Quits Post|first=James|last=Naughton|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 31, 1976|access-date=October 16, 2022}}</ref>


Callaway ran for the Republican nomination in the [[1980 United States Senate election in Colorado]]. He was supported by Senator [[William L. Armstrong]], but ultimately lost the nomination to [[Mary Estill Buchanan]].<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Strogoff |first=Jody Hope |title=Bo Callaway was a winner despite having lost Senate bid |url=https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/bo-callaway-was-a-winner-despite-having-lost-senate-bid/article_eb099f50-81b5-5fb0-9325-90eb8c3e692a.html |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Colorado Politics |date=March 21, 2014 |language=en}}</ref> After that, he served as the chairperson of the [[Colorado Republican Party]] until 1987.<ref name="a" />
Callaway ran for the Republican nomination in the [[1980 United States Senate election in Colorado]]. He was supported by Senator [[William L. Armstrong]], but ultimately lost the nomination to [[Mary Estill Buchanan]].<ref name="a" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Strogoff |first=Jody Hope |title=Bo Callaway was a winner despite having lost Senate bid |url=https://www.coloradopolitics.com/news/bo-callaway-was-a-winner-despite-having-lost-senate-bid/article_eb099f50-81b5-5fb0-9325-90eb8c3e692a.html |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=Colorado Politics |date=March 21, 2014 |language=en}}</ref> After that, he served as the chairperson of the [[Colorado Republican Party]] until 1987.<ref name="a" />


Callaway died in March 2014 from complications of [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] in [[Columbus, Georgia]], at the age of 86.<ref name="b" />
Callaway died on March 15, 2014 from complications of [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] in [[Columbus, Georgia]], at the age of 86.<ref name="b" />


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
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[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]
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[[Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:United States Secretaries of the Army]]
[[Category:20th-century Colorado politicians]]
[[Category:United States Military Academy alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Georgia (U.S. state) politicians]]
[[Category:United States Army officers]]
[[Category:American campaign managers]]
[[Category:United States Army personnel of the Korean War]]
[[Category:American corporate directors]]
[[Category:People from LaGrange, Georgia]]
[[Category:American energy industry executives]]
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[[Category:American hoteliers]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
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[[Category:Callaway family]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 1980 United States elections]]
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[[Category:Colorado Republican Party chairs]]
[[Category:Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia) alumni]]
[[Category:Ford administration personnel]]
[[Category:Georgia Tech alumni]]
[[Category:Georgia Tech alumni]]
[[Category:Georgia (U.S. state) Democrats]]
[[Category:Georgia (U.S. state) Democrats]]
[[Category:Georgia (U.S. state) Republicans]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
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[[Category:Colorado Republicans]]
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[[Category:Colorado Republican Party chairs]]
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[[Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives]]
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[[Category:People from Pine Mountain, Harris County, Georgia]]
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[[Category:20th-century American politicians]]
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[[Category:Callaway family]]
[[Category:New Right (United States)]]
[[Category:New Right (United States)]]
[[Category:Nixon administration personnel]]
[[Category:People from LaGrange, Georgia]]
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[[Category:People from Pine Mountain, Harris County, Georgia]]
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[[Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:United States Army officers]]
[[Category:United States Army personnel of the Korean War]]
[[Category:United States Military Academy alumni]]
[[Category:United States Secretaries of the Army]]
[[Category:Phi Delta Theta members]]
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[[Category:20th-century members of the United States House of Representatives]]

Latest revision as of 23:22, 7 December 2024

Bo Callaway
Callaway in 1974
11th United States Secretary of the Army
In office
May 15, 1973 – July 3, 1975
PresidentRichard Nixon
Gerald Ford
Preceded byRobert F. Froehlke
Succeeded byNorman R. Augustine (acting)
Martin R. Hoffmann
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Georgia's 3rd district
In office
January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1967
Preceded byTic Forrester
Succeeded byJack Brinkley
Personal details
Born
Howard Hollis Callaway[1]

(1927-04-02)April 2, 1927
LaGrange, Georgia, U.S.
DiedMarch 15, 2014(2014-03-15) (aged 86)
Columbus, Georgia, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic (Before 1964)
Republican (1964–2014)
Spouse
Beth Walton
​
​
(m. 1949; died 2009)​
[1]
Children5[1]
RelativesFuller Earle Callaway (grandfather)
Terry Considine (son-in-law)
EducationGeorgia Tech
United States Military Academy (BS)
Military service
Branch/service United States Army
Years of service1949–1952
RankLieutenant
Battles/warsKorean War

Howard Hollis "Bo" Callaway (April 2, 1927[2] – March 15, 2014) was an American businessman and politician.[3][4] He served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd district of Georgia.[2] He also served as the 11th United States Secretary of the Army.[1][5]

Life and career

[edit]
Callaway in 1965

Callaway was born in LaGrange, Georgia,[2] the son of Virginia Hollis and Cason Callaway,[1] and the grandson of Fuller Earle Callaway. Callaway attended Episcopal High School, graduating in 1944.[2] Callaway then attended Georgia Tech and the United States Military Academy, where he earned a degree in military engineering in 1949.[1][2] He served in the United States Army during the Korean War. He was discharged in 1953 and returned to Georgia to help his parents develop and run Callaway Gardens.[1]

In 1964, he was elected as a Republican to represent Georgia's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives, succeeding Tic Forrester. Callaway was the first Republican to represent Georgia in Congress since Reconstruction, riding a Republican wave in the Deep South resulting from the appeal of Barry Goldwater to conservative Southerners.[2][6]

Rather than run for re-election, Callaway ran as the Republican candidate in the 1966 Georgia gubernatorial election. The election was exceptionally close due to a split within the state Democratic Party between supporters of segregationist Lester Maddox and liberal former governor Ellis Arnall; after Maddox won the Democratic nomination, Arnall continued his campaign as a write-in candidate. Ultimately, Callaway won a plurality but not a majority of votes cast, which under Georgia law meant that the election was thrown to the Georgia General Assembly. After a series of lawsuits reaching the United States Supreme Court, the authority of the legislature was ultimately upheld, and Maddox was elected governor by the heavily Democratic legislature.[7]

Callaway was succeeded in Congress by Jack Brinkley.

Later career

[edit]
Portrait of Callaway

Callaway resided in Colorado in the 1970s.[1] In 1973, he was appointed by Richard Nixon to serve as the 11th United States Secretary of the Army.[1] He served under Nixon and Gerald Ford and was succeeded by Norman R. Augustine in 1975. As Army Secretary, Callaway entered into a prominent national controversy when he first reduced the sentece of and later paroled Lieutenant William Calley for his role in the My Lai massacre.[8][9]

Callaway served as Ford's campaign manager,[10] but resigned following accusations that he had used undue political influence to ensure the expansion of a ski resort;[10] he was replaced by Rogers Morton.[11]

Callaway ran for the Republican nomination in the 1980 United States Senate election in Colorado. He was supported by Senator William L. Armstrong, but ultimately lost the nomination to Mary Estill Buchanan.[2][12] After that, he served as the chairperson of the Colorado Republican Party until 1987.[2]

Callaway died on March 15, 2014 from complications of intracerebral hemorrhage in Columbus, Georgia, at the age of 86.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Yardley, William (March 23, 2014). "Howard H. Callaway, Strategist Who Helped G.O.P. Rise in South, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "CALLAWAY, Howard Hollis (Bo)". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  3. ^ "Callaway of Georgia: A GOP Governor?". The Amarillo Globe-Times. Amarillo, Texas. September 1, 1966. p. 35. Retrieved October 16, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Closed access icon
  4. ^ "Belated Vindication for Bo Callaway". The Macon Telegraph. Macon, Georgia. June 26, 1977. p. 37. Retrieved October 16, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Closed access icon
  5. ^ Adams, Tony (March 15, 2014). "Carter recalls intense rivalry and eventual friendship with Callaway". Ledger-Enquirer. Archived from the original on March 31, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2022 – via Wayback Machine.
  6. ^ "SOUTH REVERSES VOTING PATTERNS; Goldwater Makes Inroads, but More Electoral Votes Go to the President". The New York Times. November 4, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  7. ^ "Quickly Sworn In Behind Shut Doors". The Atlanta Constitution. January 11, 1967. p. 1. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  8. ^ Baxter, R. R. (August 1, 1976). "The My Lai Massacre And Its Cover‐up". The New York Times.
  9. ^ Adams, Tony (July 29, 2015). "Bo Callaway dies at age 86". Columbus Ledger-Enquirer.
  10. ^ a b "Bo Callaway Relieved as Ford Manager". Lincoln Journal Star. Lincoln, Nebraska. March 13, 1976. p. 1. Retrieved October 16, 2022 – via Newspapers.com. Closed access icon
  11. ^ Naughton, James (March 31, 1976). "Callaway Quits Post". The New York Times. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  12. ^ Strogoff, Jody Hope (March 21, 2014). "Bo Callaway was a winner despite having lost Senate bid". Colorado Politics. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
[edit]
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Georgia's 3rd congressional district
January 3, 1965 – January 3, 1967 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Vacant
Title last held by
Roscoe Pickett 		Republican nominee for Governor of Georgia
1966 		Succeeded by
Government offices
Preceded by United States Secretary of the Army
May 1973 – July 1975 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Bo_Callaway&oldid=1261785969"