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Coordinates: 17°29′10″N 120°26′04″E / 17.486042°N 120.434444°E / 17.486042; 120.434444
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{{Short description|Municipality in Ilocos Sur, Philippines}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = {{PH wikidata|name}}
| name = {{PH wikidata|name}}
| image_skyline = {{PH wikidata|image_skyline}}
| image_skyline = {{PH wikidata|image_skyline}}
| image_caption = {{PH wikidata|image_caption}}
| image_caption = View of Santa
| image_flag = Flag_of_Santa,_Ilocos_Sur.png
| flag_size = 120x80px
| image_seal = Santa Ilocos Sur.png
| image_seal = Santa Ilocos Sur.png
| seal_size = 100x80px
| seal_size = 100x80px
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| subdivision_name2 = {{PH wikidata|province}}
| subdivision_name2 = {{PH wikidata|province}}
| official_name = {{PH wikidata|official_name}}
| official_name = {{PH wikidata|official_name}}
| etymology = <!--origin of name-->
| etymology = <!--origin of name-->
| named_for = <!--name of place or person -->
| named_for = <!--name of place or person -->
| native_name =
| native_name =
| other_name = Sta. Catalina de Alexandria
| other_name = Sta. Catalina de Alexandria
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| parts_type = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_type = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style = para
| parts_style = para
| p1 = {{PH barangay count | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }} (see [[#Barangays|Barangays]])
| p1 = {{PH barangay count|{{wikidata|label|raw}}}} (see [[#Barangays|Barangays]])
| leader_title = {{PH wikidata|leader_title}} <!--mayor-->
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Jesus B. Bueno, Jr.
| leader_name = Jesus B. Bueno Jr.
| leader_title1 = [[Vice Mayor]]
| leader_title1 = [[Vice Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = Jeremy Jesus D. Bueno III
| leader_name1 = Jeremy Jesus D. Bueno III
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| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title= [[Household]]s
| population_blank1_title= [[Household]]s
| population_blank1 = {{PH wikidata|household}}
| population_blank1 = {{PH wikidata|household}}
| population_blank2_title=
| population_blank2_title=
| population_blank2 =
| population_blank2 =
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| demographics1_info9 = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_info9 = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title10 = [[Liability (financial accounting)|Liabilities]]
| demographics1_title10 = [[Liability (financial accounting)|Liabilities]]
| demographics1_info10 = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_info10 = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}
| demographics_type2 = Service provider
| demographics_type2 = Service provider
| demographics2_title1 = Electricity
| demographics2_title1 = Electricity
| demographics2_info1 = {{PH electricity distribution | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }}
| demographics2_info1 = {{PH electricity distribution|{{wikidata|label|raw}}}}
| demographics2_title2 = Water
| demographics2_title2 = Water
| demographics2_info2 =
| demographics2_info2 =
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}}
}}


'''{{PH wikidata|name}}''', officially the '''{{PH wikidata|official_name}}''' ({{lang-ilo|Ili ti Santa}}; {{lang-fil|Bayan ng Santa}}), is a {{PH wikidata|income_class_ordinal}} [[{{PH wikidata|settlement_text}} of the Philippines|{{PH wikidata|settlement_text}}]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of {{PH wikidata|province}}, {{PH wikidata|country}}. According to the {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}, it has a population of {{PH wikidata|population_total}} people.{{PH census|current}}
'''Santa''', officially the '''Municipality of Santa''' ({{langx|ilo|Ili ti Santa}}; {{langx|fil|Bayan ng Santa}}), is a [[municipality of the Philippines|municipality]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[Ilocos Sur]], [[Philippines]]. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 14,992 people.{{PH census|current}}


Due to Santa's natural setting (the ridge of Mount Tetas de Santa in the east;<ref name="map">[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Mount+Tetas+de+Santa,+Santa,+Ilocos,+Philippines&hl=en&ll=17.498044,120.511436&spn=0.178125,0.287018&sll=17.48511,120.466461&sspn=0.089069,0.143509&oq=Mount+Tetas+de&t=p&hnear=South+Tetas+de+Santa&z=12 "Mount Tetas de Santa"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-03-26.</ref> the winding [[Abra River]] and [[river delta|delta]] in the north and NW of Santa; and the [[South China Sea]] to the west), then [[Governor-General of the Philippines]] [[Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.]] on his visit in 1925 exclaimed: “The mountain in the east, the winding roping river in the north, and the immense sea in the west make Santa a poetic town.”<ref name="Profile"/>
Due to Santa's natural setting (the ridge of Mount Tetas de Santa in the east;<ref name="map">[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Mount+Tetas+de+Santa,+Santa,+Ilocos,+Philippines&hl=en&ll=17.498044,120.511436&spn=0.178125,0.287018&sll=17.48511,120.466461&sspn=0.089069,0.143509&oq=Mount+Tetas+de&t=p&hnear=South+Tetas+de+Santa&z=12 "Mount Tetas de Santa"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-03-26.</ref> the winding [[Abra River]] and [[river delta|delta]] in the north and NW of Santa; and the [[South China Sea]] to the west), then [[Governor-General of the Philippines]] [[Theodore Roosevelt Jr.]] on his visit in 1925 exclaimed: “The mountain in the east, the winding roping river in the north, and the immense sea in the west make Santa a poetic town.”<ref name="Profile"/>


== Etymology ==
==Etymology==
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2012}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2012}}
These are the probable origins of the municipality's name.
These are the probable origins of the municipality's name.
Line 175: Line 178:
==History==
==History==


=== Foundation of the pueblo ===
===Foundation of the pueblo===
According to Augustinian maps of 1831 and 1834, Santa was founded in 1576. The Augustinian established missionary centers in the towns of Vigan in 1575 and Santa in 1576. On the founding of Bantay in 1591 as a pueblo, Santa was made its “visita” until 1713 when it became an independent vicariate. The prestige of the town was boosted in 1802 when the provisional diocese was established and was housed in the rectory of Santa until 1834.<ref name="History">[http://santa.ph/about-us/history/ "History"]. Official Website of Santa. Retrieved on 2012-03-26.</ref>
According to Augustinian maps of 1831 and 1834, Santa was founded in 1576. The Augustinian established missionary centers in the towns of Vigan in 1575 and Santa in 1576. On the founding of Bantay in 1591 as a pueblo, Santa was made its “visita” until 1713 when it became an independent vicariate. The prestige of the town was boosted in 1802 when the provisional diocese was established and was housed in the rectory of Santa until 1834.<ref name="History">[http://santa.ph/about-us/history/ "History"]. Official Website of Santa. Retrieved on 2012-03-26.</ref>


=== Malong Revolt ===
===Malong Revolt===
The “Malong Revolt” disturbed the quiet life of the town in 1660-1661 when Andres Malong of Binalatongan (now [[San Carlos, Pangasinan|San Carlos City]] in [[Pangasinan]] province) rose in arms to protest the abuses in the collection of tribute and in the conscription of men for “palo y servicios” (forced labor). Malong proclaimed himself “King of [[Pangasinan]]” and tried to extend his kingdom by sending his Count Pedro Gumapos to Ilocos.
The “Malong Revolt” disturbed the quiet life of the town in 1660-1661 when Andres Malong of Binalatongan (now [[San Carlos, Pangasinan|San Carlos City]] in [[Pangasinan]] province) rose in arms to protest the abuses in the collection of tribute and in the conscription of men for “palo y servicios” (forced labor). Malong proclaimed himself “King of [[Pangasinan]]” and tried to extend his kingdom by sending his Count Pedro Gumapos to Ilocos.


Gumapos pursued the retreating Spaniards who sought refuge in [[Agoo, La Union|Agoo]] in present-day [[La Union]]. The Spaniards and the loyalists made their last stand in Pideg, Santa. Pedro de la Peña, who was defending Pideg Pass, sheltered the great number of the rebels who camped in nearby [[Narvacan, Ilocos Sur|Narvacan]] and offered them free passage across Pideg Pass.<ref name="History"/>
Gumapos pursued the retreating Spaniards who sought refuge in [[Agoo, La Union|Agoo]] in present-day [[La Union]]. The Spaniards and the loyalists made their last stand in Pideg, Santa. Pedro de la Peña, who was defending Pideg Pass, sheltered the great number of the rebels who camped in nearby [[Narvacan, Ilocos Sur|Narvacan]] and offered them free passage across Pideg Pass.<ref name="History"/>


=== Diego Silang revolt ===
===Diego Silang revolt===
On December 14, 1762, [[Diego Silang]] led the “caillianes” (common man or townsfolk) in the most obstinate insurrection against the Spaniards in the 18th century. He crystallized the discontent of the “caillianes” caused by the imposition of tribute and forced labor. He proclaimed a “Free Ilocos” and made Vigan its capital.
On December 14, 1762, [[Diego Silang]] led the “caillianes” (common man or townsfolk) in the most obstinate insurrection against the Spaniards in the 18th century. He crystallized the discontent of the “caillianes” caused by the imposition of tribute and forced labor. He proclaimed a “Free Ilocos” and made Vigan its capital.


When the Spaniards failed to stop Diego Silang in combat, Miguel Vicos aided by Pedro Becbec who were both Silang's trusted friends, betrayed Diego Silang by shooting him in the back on May 26, 1763.<ref name="NHCP">[http://www.nhi.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=2&func=startdown&id=375 "Gabriela Silang"]. National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref> [[Gabriela Silang|Gabriela]], the wife of Diego with the help of her uncle, Nicolas Cariño, continued her husband's fight and defeated the Spaniards and their soldiers in the battle of Banaoang, Santa on August 24, 1763.<ref name="History"/>
When the Spaniards failed to stop Diego Silang in combat, Miguel Vicos aided by Pedro Becbec who were both Silang's trusted friends, betrayed Diego Silang by shooting him in the back on May 26, 1763.<ref name="NHCP">[http://www.nhi.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=2&func=startdown&id=375 "Gabriela Silang"]. National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref> [[Gabriela Silang|Gabriela]], the wife of Diego with the help of her uncle, Nicolas Cariño, continued her husband's fight and defeated the Spaniards and their soldiers in the battle of Banaoang, Santa on August 24, 1763.<ref name="History"/>


=== Destructive floods ===
===Destructive floods===
A destructive flood called “Layos Bungsot” (literal: "Flood of Rotting") of 1852 eroded the first poblacion founded in 1576 and caused the town center to be transferred to a new site, which is about {{convert|4|km}} south of the first site. Fr. Pedro Torrices started the new church in 1849-1855 and Fr. Luis Lagar finished it in 1875.
A destructive flood called “Layos Bungsot” (literal: "Flood of Rotting") of 1852 eroded the first poblacion founded in 1576 and caused the town center to be transferred to a new site, about {{convert|4|km}} south of the first site. Fr. Pedro Torrices started the new church in 1849-1855 and Fr. Luis Lagar finished it in 1875.


In 1905, another destructive flood, “Layos Nawnaw” (literal: "Dissolving Flood") motivated the people to transfer the poblacion to Pasungol in the southern part of the town in 1907. Don Domingo Bueno y Ramirez, the ''presidente municipal'' (town mayor), transferred the government, and the new poblacion was laid out. Circumferential roads were laid out in the shape of a [[spider web]] with the town plaza in the middle.<ref name="map2"/> A ''hermita'' made of [[bamboo]] and [[cogon grass]] was put up, and a one-storey primary school building was constructed.<ref name="History"/>
In 1905, another destructive flood, “Layos Nawnaw” (literal: "Dissolving Flood") motivated the people to transfer the poblacion to Pasungol in the southern part of the town in 1907. Don Domingo Bueno y Ramirez, the ''presidente municipal'' (town mayor), transferred the government, and the new poblacion was laid out. Circumferential roads were laid out in the shape of a [[spider web]] with the town plaza in the middle.<ref name="map2"/> A ''hermita'' made of [[bamboo]] and [[cogon grass]] was put up, and a one-storey primary school building was constructed.<ref name="History"/>


===American colonial period===
===American colonial period===
The [[guerrilla]] activities of [[Manuel Tinio|Gen. Manuel Tinio]] dominated the [[Philippine–American War]] in Ilocos. The civil government of Ilocos Sur began to function in 1889 with [[Marcelino Crisologo|Don Mena Crisologo]], the former Ilocos Sur delegate to the [[Malolos Congress]], as the first Civil Governor.<ref name="History"/>
The [[guerrilla]] activities of [[Manuel Tinio|Gen. Manuel Tinio]] dominated the [[Philippine–American War]] in Ilocos. The civil government of Ilocos Sur began to function in 1899 with [[Marcelino Crisologo|Don Mena Crisologo]], the former Ilocos Sur delegate to the [[Malolos Congress]], as the first Civil Governor.<ref name="History"/>


===World War II and thereafter===
===World War II and thereafter===
On December 19, 1941, the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] landed in Santa. The people fled to the mountains where they suffered from privations, hunger and diseases. The Japanese soldiers held a garrison at the south of Quirino Bridge and massacred 70 civilians in Barrio Rizal on January 26, 1945.
On December 19, 1941, the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] landed in Santa. The people fled to the mountains where they suffered from privations, hunger and diseases. The Japanese soldiers held a garrison at the south of Quirino Bridge and massacred 70 civilians in Barrio Rizal on January 26, 1945.


In 1945, local Filipino forces under the Philippine Commonwealth Army 1st and 12th Infantry Division, Philippine Constabulary 1st Constabulary Regiment and the USAFIP-NL 121st Infantry Regiment liberate the town of Santa and they defeats and fought against the Japanese Imperial forces and ended World War II. On the resumption of the [[Philippine Commonwealth|Commonwealth Government]] after the war, Pres. [[Sergio Osmeña]] appointed Sixto Brillantes after being elected as assemblyman of the second district of Ilocos Sur.<ref name="History"/>
In 1945, Filipino forces of the 121st Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP-NL liberated the town and defeated the Japanese Imperial forces at the end of World War II. On the resumption of the [[Philippine Commonwealth|Commonwealth Government]], Pres. [[Sergio Osmeña]] appointed Sixto Brillantes after being elected as assemblyman of the second district of Ilocos Sur.<ref name="History"/>


== Geography ==
==Geography==
The municipality of Santa is triangular shape. Its northern border, forming the baseline of the triangular land and running in the east–west direction, follow the ever-changing course of the [[Abra River]] from the Banaoang Gap in the north-east corner of the town to the sea for about {{convert|18|km}}. Some islands of the river delta are settled by the people of Santa. The largest island, Barangay Rancho, is connected by a bridge to the main town. Another island occupied by Brgys. Dammay and Oribi is only accessible by boat.<ref name="map2">[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Santa,+Ilocos,+Philippines&hl=en&ll=17.49567,120.424404&spn=0.044532,0.071754&sll=17.501564,120.43067&sspn=0.04453,0.071754&t=p&hnear=Santa,+Ilocos+Sur,+Ilocos,+Philippines&z=14 "Santa, Ilocos Sur"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-03-26.</ref>
The municipality of Santa is triangular shape. Its northern border, forming the baseline of the triangular land and running in the east–west direction, follow the ever-changing course of the [[Abra River]] from the Banaoang Gap in the north-east corner of the town to the sea for about {{convert|18|km}}. Some islands of the river delta are settled by the people of Santa. The largest island, Barangay Rancho, is connected by a bridge to the main town. Another island occupied by Brgys. Dammay and Oribi is only accessible by boat.<ref name="map2">[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Santa,+Ilocos,+Philippines&hl=en&ll=17.49567,120.424404&spn=0.044532,0.071754&sll=17.501564,120.43067&sspn=0.04453,0.071754&t=p&hnear=Santa,+Ilocos+Sur,+Ilocos,+Philippines&z=14 "Santa, Ilocos Sur"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-03-26.</ref>


Politically, Santa is bordered by towns of [[Bantay, Ilocos Sur|Bantay]] and [[Caoayan, Ilocos Sur|Caoayan]] of Ilocos Sur to the north; the town of [[San Quintin, Abra|San Quintin]] in [[Abra (province)|Abra]] province to the east; and [[Narvacan, Ilocos Sur]] to the south.
It is bordered by the municipality of [[Bantay]] to the north, [[Vigan]] and [[Caoayan]] to the west, [[San Quintin, Abra]] to the east and [[Narvacan]] to the south


Santa is {{convert|386|km}} north of [[Manila]] and {{convert|21|km}} south of [[Vigan]], the capital of the province. It can be reached by bus, [[jeepney]] and other motorized means of transport by way of the National Highway.<ref name="Profile"/>
Santa is {{convert|386|km}} north of [[Manila]] and {{convert|21|km}} south of [[Vigan]], the capital of the province. It can be reached by bus, [[jeepney]] and other motorized means of transport by way of the National Highway.<ref name="Profile"/>


Santa has an area of {{convert|109.1|km2}}, which is distributed in twenty-six (26) barangays and constitutes almost 4.2% of the entire area of the province of Ilocos Sur.{{PSGC detail|area}}
Santa has an area of {{convert|109.1|km2}}, which is distributed in twenty-six (26) barangays and constitutes almost 4.2% of the entire area of the province of Ilocos Sur.{{PSGC detail|area}}
<!--The Official Website of Santa gives two contradicting numbers for land area, 109.1 sq km and 4,898 hectares, which is equivalent to just 48.98 sq km. The PSGC website lists the land area as 109.1 sq km, which is therefore more correct. Based on the total area of Ilocos Sur at 2,596 sq km, Santa is 4.2% percent of Ilocos Sur.-->
<!--The Official Website of Santa gives two contradicting numbers for land area, 109.1 sq km and 4,898 hectares, which is equivalent to just 48.98 sq km. The PSGC website lists the land area as 109.1 sq km, which is therefore more correct. Based on the total area of Ilocos Sur at 2,596 sq km, Santa is 4.2% percent of Ilocos Sur.-->


===Barangays===
Santa is politically subdivided into 26 [[barangay]]s.{{PSGC detail|area}} Each barangay consists of [[purok]]s and some have [[sitios]].

{{Div col|colwidth=17em}}
* Ampandula
* Banaoang
* Basug
* Bucalag
* Cabangaran
* Calungboyan
* Casiber
* Dammay
* Labut Norte
* Labut Sur
* Mabilbila Norte
* Mabilbila Sur
* Magsaysay District ([[Poblacion]])
* Manueva
* Marcos ([[Poblacion]])
* Nagpanaoan
* Namalangan
* Oribi
* Pasungol
* Quezon ([[Poblacion]])
* Quirino ([[Poblacion]])
* Rancho
* Rizal
* Sacuyya Norte
* Sacuyya Sur
* Tabucolan
{{div col end}}

===Topography===
The topography of the municipality is undulating to rolling with slope ranging from 0-30%.<ref name="Profile">[http://santa.ph/about-us/profile/ "Profile of Santa"]. Paspas Santa! Official Website of Santa. Retrieved on 2012-03-26.</ref>
The topography of the municipality is undulating to rolling with slope ranging from 0-30%.<ref name="Profile">[http://santa.ph/about-us/profile/ "Profile of Santa"]. Paspas Santa! Official Website of Santa. Retrieved on 2012-03-26.</ref>


=== Soil and vegetation ===
====Soil and vegetation====
There are three types of soil in Santa, namely: clay loam which is used for crop production, [[clay]] on the eastern part of the town and sandy [[loam]] on the western part. Although Santa has fair type of soil, vegetative cover is good for rice, corn, vegetables and fruit-bearing trees.<ref name="Profile"/>
There are three types of soil in Santa, namely: clay loam which is used for crop production, [[clay]] on the eastern part of the town and sandy [[loam]] on the western part. Although Santa has fair type of soil, vegetative cover is good for rice, corn, vegetables and fruit-bearing trees.<ref name="Profile"/>


=== Mineral resources ===
====Mineral resources====
Major mineral resources of the municipality are salt from the coast, and gravel and sand washed down the river banks of [[Abra River]]. Gravel and sand are gathered along the river bank and sold for construction. Salt-making is found along the coastal barangays of Santa with some of the residents engaged in the industry as their means of livelihood.<ref name="Profile"/>
Major mineral resources of the municipality are salt from the coast, and gravel and sand washed down the river banks of [[Abra River]]. Gravel and sand are gathered along the river bank and sold for construction. Salt-making is found along the coastal barangays of Santa with some of the residents engaged in the industry as their means of livelihood.<ref name="Profile"/>


=== Natural and man-made risk areas ===
====Natural and man-made risk areas====
Because of its location, Santa has been plagued by disasters and calamities since the [[History of the Philippines (1521-1898)|Spanish Colonial Period]] (See [[Santa#Destructive flooding|Destructive flooding]] below). During heavy rains, large amount of water coming down from the [[Cordillera Central (Luzon)|Central Cordillera Mountains]] flows down to the sea through the Abra River, the sixth largest river system in the Philippines, devastating Santa which traverses the western part of the municipality. Flood prone areas in the western part of the town include Barangays Pasungol, Tabucolan, Calungboyan, Casiber, Rancho, Oribi and Dammay. Even places located at the foot of the mountain are also prone to [[flash flood]]s because of the denuded mountain east of the town. During the typhoon of June 5, 1999, the [[storm surge]] devastated Santa destroying residences along the coastal barangays.<ref name="Profile"/>
Because of its location, Santa has been plagued by disasters and calamities since the [[History of the Philippines (1521-1898)|Spanish Colonial Period]] (See [[#Destructive floods|Destructive flooding]] below). During heavy rains, large amount of water coming down from the [[Cordillera Central (Luzon)|Central Cordillera Mountains]] flows down to the sea through the Abra River, the sixth largest river system in the Philippines, devastating Santa which traverses the western part of the municipality. Flood prone areas in the western part of the town include Barangays Pasungol, Tabucolan, Calungboyan, Casiber, Rancho, Oribi and Dammay. Even places located at the foot of the mountain are also prone to [[flash flood]]s because of the denuded mountain east of the town. During the typhoon of June 5, 1999, the [[storm surge]] devastated Santa destroying residences along the coastal barangays.<ref name="Profile"/>


=== Climate ===
===Climate===
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
| location = Santa, Ilocos Sur
| location = Santa, Ilocos Sur
Line 279: Line 315:
{{cite web
{{cite web
| url = https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/santa_philippines_1688420
| url = https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/santa_philippines_1688420
| title = Santa: Average Temperatures and Rainfall
| title = Santa: Average Temperatures and Rainfall
| publisher = Meteoblue
| publisher = Meteoblue
| accessdate = 14 May 2020 }}</ref>
| accessdate = 14 May 2020}}</ref>
| date = 14 May 2020
| date = 14 May 2020
}}
}}


The type of climate in Santa is generally the same as the climate of all coastal towns of Ilocos Sur. There are two seasons in the region, wet and dry season. The dry season commences in the month of February and ends in the month of June while the wet season is during the rest of the year.<ref name="Profile"/>
The type of climate in Santa is generally the same as the climate of all coastal towns of Ilocos Sur. There are two seasons in the region, wet and dry season. The dry season commences in the month of February and ends in the month of June while the wet season is during the rest of the year.<ref name="Profile"/>


The [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] (PAGASA) data for the municipality gives the annual average temperature at {{convert|29|C|F}}. April and May were recorded as the hottest months with a temperature from {{convert|29|to|31|C|F}} respectively while the coldest months are January and February with a temperature ranging from {{convert|24|to|21|C|F}}.<ref name="Profile"/>
The [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] (PAGASA) data for the municipality gives the annual average temperature at {{convert|29|C|F}}. April and May were recorded as the hottest months with a temperature from {{convert|29|to|31|C|F}} respectively while the coldest months are January and February with a temperature ranging from {{convert|24|to|21|C|F}}.<ref name="Profile"/>


During the rainy season, Santa experience more or less 20 [[typhoon]]s a year. Rainfall record of Santa is the same as the records of other municipalities of Ilocos Sur. Average monthly average during the wet season is estimated at {{convert|213|mm|in}}.<ref name="Profile"/><ref>(1990). [http://nap.psa.gov.ph/ru1/ilsur.htm "Ilocos Sur"]. National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved on 2012-03-26.</ref>
During the rainy season, Santa experience more or less 20 [[typhoon]]s a year. Rainfall record of Santa is the same as the records of other municipalities of Ilocos Sur. Average monthly average during the wet season is estimated at {{convert|213|mm|in}}.<ref name="Profile"/><ref>(1990). [http://nap.psa.gov.ph/ru1/ilsur.htm "Ilocos Sur"]. National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved on 2012-03-26.</ref>

{{clear-left}}

===Barangays===
Santa is politically subdivided into 26 [[barangay]]s.{{PSGC detail|area}} These barangays are headed by elected officials: [[Barangay Captain]], [[Sangguniang Barangay|Barangay Council]], whose members are called [[Barangay Kagawad|Barangay Councilors]]. All are elected every three years.

{{Columns-list|colwidth=28em|
* Ampandula
* Banaoang
* Basug
* Bucalag
* Cabangaran
* Calungboyan
* Casiber
* Dammay
* Labut Norte
* Labut Sur
* Mabilbila Norte
* Mabilbila Sur
* Magsaysay District ([[Poblacion]])
* Manueva
* Marcos ([[Poblacion]])
* Nagpanaoan
* Namalangan
* Oribi
* Pasungol
* Quezon ([[Poblacion]])
* Quirino ([[Poblacion]])
* Rancho
* Rizal
* Sacuyya Norte
* Sacuyya Sur
* Tabucolan
}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census
{{Philippine Census
| align= left
| align= none
| cols = 3
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| 1903 = {{PH census population|1903}}
| 1903 = {{PH census population|1903}}
Line 351: Line 354:
}}
}}


In the {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}, {{PH wikidata|name}} had a population of {{PH wikidata|population_total}}.{{PH census|current}} The population density was {{convert|{{sigfig|{{PH wikidata|population_total}}/{{PH wikidata|area}}|2}}|PD/km2}}.
In the 2020 census, Santa had a population of 14,992.{{PH census|current}} The population density was {{convert|{{sigfig|14,992/109.10|2}}|PD/km2}}.


==Economy==
{{clear-left}}

== Economy ==
{{PH poverty incidence}}
{{PH poverty incidence}}


==Government==
==Government==
===Local government===
{{main|Sangguniang Bayan}}
Santa, belonging to the [[Legislative districts of Ilocos Sur|second congressional district]] of the province of [[Ilocos Sur]], is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.
Santa, belonging to the [[Legislative districts of Ilocos Sur|second congressional district]] of the province of [[Ilocos Sur]], is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

===Elected officials===
<!--NOTE: Update needed by June 30, 2022 after oath-taking of the declared winners in the May 9, 2022 local elections.-->
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.20em; font-size:100%;"
|+ Members of the Municipal Council<br/>(2019–2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 National and Local Elections|url=https://comelec.gov.ph/php-tpls-attachments/2019NLE/ElectionResults/2019NLE_LIst_of_Elected_CityMun_Candidates.pdf|access-date=March 11, 2022|website=Commission on Elections}}</ref>
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Congressman
| style="text-align:center;" | Kristine Singson-Meehan
|-
| Mayor
| style="text-align:center;" | Jesus B. Bueno Jr.
|-
|Vice-Mayor
| style="text-align:center;" | Jeremy Jesus D. Bueno III
|-
|rowspan=8| Councilors
| style="text-align:center;" | Eugene B. Borje
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | Lorenzo Q. Formoso Jr.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | Domingo L. Ritua
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | Bella G. Bello
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | Benedicto A. Burgonio
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | Marino S. Burgos
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | Encarnita B. dela Cueva
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | Reynold B. Queral
|-
|}


==Tourism==
==Tourism==
Line 365: Line 404:


===Banaoang Gap===
===Banaoang Gap===
The Banaoang Gap is a [[water gap]] about {{convert|9|km}} long formed by the Abra River by cutting three consecutive tall mountain ridges in the Ilocos Range. It separates Santa and Bantay towns and stretches to San Quintin, Abra. The gap is spanned by the old and new Quirino Bridges connecting the two towns. A viewing deck is located in [[Barangay]] Banaoang in Santa offering dramatic view of the bridge and the broad Abra River backdropped by Mount Tetas de Santa, Mount Binitalo<ref name="map"/><ref>[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Mount+Binitalo&hl=en&ll=17.549936,120.483284&spn=0.109169,0.118961&sll=17.484128,120.449295&sspn=0.109208,0.118961&oq=Mount+&t=p&hnear=Mount+Binitalo&z=13 "Mount Binitalo"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref> and the other mountains in the Ilocos Range.<ref>[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Banaoang+View+Deck,+National+Highway,+Santa,+Philippines&hl=en&ll=17.547971,120.503712&spn=0.114244,0.182476&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=48.240201,93.427734&oq=Banao&hq=Banaoang+View+Deck,&hnear=National+Hwy,+Santa,+Ilocos+Sur,+Ilocos,+Philippines&t=p&z=13 "Banaong View Deck"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-04-04.</ref>
The Banaoang Gap is a [[water gap]] about {{convert|9|km}} long formed by the Abra River by cutting three consecutive tall mountain ridges in the Ilocos Range. It separates Santa and Bantay towns and stretches to San Quintin, Abra. The gap is spanned by the old and new Quirino Bridges connecting the two towns. A viewing deck is located in [[Barangay]] Banaoang in Santa offering dramatic view of the bridge and the broad Abra River backdropped by Mount Tetas de Santa, Mount Binitalo<ref name="map"/><ref>[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Mount+Binitalo&hl=en&ll=17.549936,120.483284&spn=0.109169,0.118961&sll=17.484128,120.449295&sspn=0.109208,0.118961&oq=Mount+&t=p&hnear=Mount+Binitalo&z=13 "Mount Binitalo"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref> and the other mountains in the Ilocos Range.<ref>[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Banaoang+View+Deck,+National+Highway,+Santa,+Philippines&hl=en&ll=17.547971,120.503712&spn=0.114244,0.182476&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=48.240201,93.427734&oq=Banao&hq=Banaoang+View+Deck,&hnear=National+Hwy,+Santa,+Ilocos+Sur,+Ilocos,+Philippines&t=p&z=13 "Banaong View Deck"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-04-04.</ref>


===Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park===
===Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park===
{{Further|Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park}}
{{Further|Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park}}
Located southeast of Santa and partly in [[Narvacan, Ilocos Sur]],<ref>[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Northern+Heroes+Hill+National+Park,+Philippines&hl=en&ll=17.482818,120.445518&spn=0.109209,0.118961&sll=13.906323,122.190248&sspn=14.191617,15.227051&t=p&hq=Northern+Heroes+Hill+National+Park,+Philippines&z=13 "Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref> the Northern Heroes Hill National Park was established on July 9, 1963, by Proclamation No. 132 encompassing {{convert|1316|ha}} of beautiful mountain scenery.<ref>[http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61:region-1&catid=69:regions "Protected Areas in Region 1"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321103445/http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61:region-1&catid=69:regions |date=2012-03-21 }}. Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref>
Located southeast of Santa and partly in [[Narvacan, Ilocos Sur]],<ref>[https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Northern+Heroes+Hill+National+Park,+Philippines&hl=en&ll=17.482818,120.445518&spn=0.109209,0.118961&sll=13.906323,122.190248&sspn=14.191617,15.227051&t=p&hq=Northern+Heroes+Hill+National+Park,+Philippines&z=13 "Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park"]. Google Maps. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref> the Northern Heroes Hill National Park was established on July 9, 1963, by Proclamation No. 132 encompassing {{convert|1316|ha}} of beautiful mountain scenery.<ref>[http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61:region-1&catid=69:regions "Protected Areas in Region 1"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321103445/http://www.pawb.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61:region-1&catid=69:regions|date=2012-03-21}}. Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref>


===Gabriela Silang Memorial Park===
===Gabriela Silang Memorial Park===
Located west of the national park along the National Highway is the Old Pideg Pass, the historic gateway to Santa, renamed Diego-Gabriela Silang Pass in 1976. The Gabriela Silang Memorial Park was erected here dedicated to Gabriela who was born in the old barrio of Caniogan in Santa on March 19, 1731, and is regarded as the first heroine of Ilocos.<ref name="NHCP"/><ref>Teenee (2011-06-08). A historical marker. [http://visitpinas.com/pasong-diego-gabriela-silang-santa-ilocos-sur/ "Pasong Diego-Gabriela Silang (Santa, Ilocos Sur)"]. Visit Pilipinas. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref>
Located west of the national park along the National Highway is the Old Pideg Pass, the historic gateway to Santa, renamed Diego-Gabriela Silang Pass in 1976. The Gabriela Silang Memorial Park was erected here dedicated to Gabriela who was born in the old barrio of Caniogan in Santa on March 19, 1731, and is regarded as the first heroine of Ilocos.<ref name="NHCP"/><ref>Teenee (2011-06-08). A historical marker. [http://visitpinas.com/pasong-diego-gabriela-silang-santa-ilocos-sur/ "Pasong Diego-Gabriela Silang (Santa, Ilocos Sur)"]. Visit Pilipinas. Retrieved on 2012-04-05.</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 386: Line 425:
{{Geographic location
{{Geographic location
| Centre = Santa
| Centre = Santa
| North = [[Bantay, Ilocos Sur|Bantay]]
| North = [[Bantay]]
| East = [[San Quintin, Abra]]
| East = [[San Quintin, Abra]]
| South = [[Narvacan, Ilocos Sur|Narvacan]]
| South = [[Narvacan]]
| Southwest = ''[[South China Sea]]''
| Southwest = ''[[South China Sea]]''
| West = [[Caoayan, Ilocos Sur|Caoayan]]
| West = [[Caoayan]]
| Northwest = [[Vigan]]
| Northwest = [[Vigan]]
}}
}}

Latest revision as of 00:14, 8 December 2024

Santa
Sta. Catalina de Alexandria
Municipality
Municipality of Santa
View of Santa
View of Santa
Flag of Santa
Flag
Official seal of Santa
Seal
Nickname(s): 
Gateway to the Cordilleras; Virgen Catalina de Alexandria
Motto: 
Paspas Santa! (Faster Santa!)
Anthem: Santa March
Map of Ilocos Sur with Santa highlighted
Map of Ilocos Sur with Santa highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Santa is located in Philippines
Santa
Santa
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 17°29′10″N 120°26′04″E / 17.486042°N 120.434444°E / 17.486042; 120.434444
CountryPhilippines
RegionIlocos Region
ProvinceIlocos Sur
District 2nd district
Founded1576
Barangays26 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Bayan
 • MayorJesus B. Bueno Jr.
 • Vice MayorJeremy Jesus D. Bueno III
 • RepresentativeKristine Singson-Meehan
 • Municipal Council
Members
 • Electorate10,293 voters (2022)
Area
[2]
 • Total
109.10 km2 (42.12 sq mi)
Elevation
72 m (236 ft)
Highest elevation
624 m (2,047 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
 • Total
14,992
 • Density140/km2 (360/sq mi)
 • Households
3,661
DemonymSantanian
Economy
 • Income class4th municipal income class
 • Poverty incidence
10.40
% (2021)[4]
 • Revenue₱ 145.9 million (2020), 70.76 million (2012), 69.02 million (2013), 49.76 million (2014), 57.43 million (2015), 98.46 million (2016), 69.47 million (2017), 81.88 million (2019), 214.2 million (2021), 225.6 million (2022)
 • Assets₱ 437.3 million (2020), 90.68 million (2012), 102.4 million (2013), 95.29 million (2014), 106 million (2015), 148.3 million (2016), 255.9 million (2017), 377.5 million (2018), 378.9 million (2019), 564.6 million (2021), 687.5 million (2022)
 • Expenditure₱ 101.9 million (2020), 44.09 million (2012), 46.61 million (2013), 47.17 million (2014), 58.32 million (2015), 66.61 million (2016), 70.42 million (2017), 70.31 million (2018), 75.57 million (2019), 99.39 million (2021), 112.3 million (2022)
 • Liabilities₱ 26.04 million (2020), 18.93 million (2012), 8.398 million (2013), 15.49 million (2014), 26.37 million (2015), 31.09 million (2016), 35 million (2017), 44.62 million (2018), 29.27 million (2019), 30.37 million (2021), 13.28 million (2022)
Service provider
 • ElectricityIlocos Sur Electric Cooperative (ISECO)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
2703
PSGC
0102922000
IDD : area code +63 (0)77
Native languagesIlocano
Tagalog
Websitewww.lgusanta.org

Santa, officially the Municipality of Santa (Ilocano: Ili ti Santa; Filipino: Bayan ng Santa), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 14,992 people.[3]

Due to Santa's natural setting (the ridge of Mount Tetas de Santa in the east;[5] the winding Abra River and delta in the north and NW of Santa; and the South China Sea to the west), then Governor-General of the Philippines Theodore Roosevelt Jr. on his visit in 1925 exclaimed: “The mountain in the east, the winding roping river in the north, and the immense sea in the west make Santa a poetic town.”[6]

Etymology

[edit]

These are the probable origins of the municipality's name.

  1. A popular lore tells us that when the scribe of the Spanish explorers was naming the places where they already established settlements, the scribe had a difficult time of thinking of a Catholic Saint's name of saints to name the place (Santa Catalina, Santa Lucia, and Santa Maria were already taken), so the town was simply named "Santa." (Some versions of the story say that the scribe fell asleep or was drunk when he was writing a name for the town and just wrote "Santa".)
  2. The municipality of Santa was formerly called Santa Catalina de Alexandria, Virgen y Mártir, after the town's patron saint Saint Catherine of Alexandria. According to folk stories, after the devastation of the town by the first flood in 1852 (Layos Bungsot), the name was shortened to Santa Catalina de Alexandria. The present name of Santa came to be, after the second flood of 1905 (Layos Nawnaw). It was believed that by changing the name after the disasters would save the town from further devastation.

History

[edit]

Foundation of the pueblo

[edit]

According to Augustinian maps of 1831 and 1834, Santa was founded in 1576. The Augustinian established missionary centers in the towns of Vigan in 1575 and Santa in 1576. On the founding of Bantay in 1591 as a pueblo, Santa was made its “visita” until 1713 when it became an independent vicariate. The prestige of the town was boosted in 1802 when the provisional diocese was established and was housed in the rectory of Santa until 1834.[7]

Malong Revolt

[edit]

The “Malong Revolt” disturbed the quiet life of the town in 1660-1661 when Andres Malong of Binalatongan (now San Carlos City in Pangasinan province) rose in arms to protest the abuses in the collection of tribute and in the conscription of men for “palo y servicios” (forced labor). Malong proclaimed himself “King of Pangasinan” and tried to extend his kingdom by sending his Count Pedro Gumapos to Ilocos.

Gumapos pursued the retreating Spaniards who sought refuge in Agoo in present-day La Union. The Spaniards and the loyalists made their last stand in Pideg, Santa. Pedro de la Peña, who was defending Pideg Pass, sheltered the great number of the rebels who camped in nearby Narvacan and offered them free passage across Pideg Pass.[7]

Diego Silang revolt

[edit]

On December 14, 1762, Diego Silang led the “caillianes” (common man or townsfolk) in the most obstinate insurrection against the Spaniards in the 18th century. He crystallized the discontent of the “caillianes” caused by the imposition of tribute and forced labor. He proclaimed a “Free Ilocos” and made Vigan its capital.

When the Spaniards failed to stop Diego Silang in combat, Miguel Vicos aided by Pedro Becbec who were both Silang's trusted friends, betrayed Diego Silang by shooting him in the back on May 26, 1763.[8] Gabriela, the wife of Diego with the help of her uncle, Nicolas Cariño, continued her husband's fight and defeated the Spaniards and their soldiers in the battle of Banaoang, Santa on August 24, 1763.[7]

Destructive floods

[edit]

A destructive flood called “Layos Bungsot” (literal: "Flood of Rotting") of 1852 eroded the first poblacion founded in 1576 and caused the town center to be transferred to a new site, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the first site. Fr. Pedro Torrices started the new church in 1849-1855 and Fr. Luis Lagar finished it in 1875.

In 1905, another destructive flood, “Layos Nawnaw” (literal: "Dissolving Flood") motivated the people to transfer the poblacion to Pasungol in the southern part of the town in 1907. Don Domingo Bueno y Ramirez, the presidente municipal (town mayor), transferred the government, and the new poblacion was laid out. Circumferential roads were laid out in the shape of a spider web with the town plaza in the middle.[9] A hermita made of bamboo and cogon grass was put up, and a one-storey primary school building was constructed.[7]

American colonial period

[edit]

The guerrilla activities of Gen. Manuel Tinio dominated the Philippine–American War in Ilocos. The civil government of Ilocos Sur began to function in 1899 with Don Mena Crisologo, the former Ilocos Sur delegate to the Malolos Congress, as the first Civil Governor.[7]

World War II and thereafter

[edit]

On December 19, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Army landed in Santa. The people fled to the mountains where they suffered from privations, hunger and diseases. The Japanese soldiers held a garrison at the south of Quirino Bridge and massacred 70 civilians in Barrio Rizal on January 26, 1945.

In 1945, Filipino forces of the 121st Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP-NL liberated the town and defeated the Japanese Imperial forces at the end of World War II. On the resumption of the Commonwealth Government, Pres. Sergio Osmeña appointed Sixto Brillantes after being elected as assemblyman of the second district of Ilocos Sur.[7]

Geography

[edit]

The municipality of Santa is triangular shape. Its northern border, forming the baseline of the triangular land and running in the east–west direction, follow the ever-changing course of the Abra River from the Banaoang Gap in the north-east corner of the town to the sea for about 18 kilometres (11 mi). Some islands of the river delta are settled by the people of Santa. The largest island, Barangay Rancho, is connected by a bridge to the main town. Another island occupied by Brgys. Dammay and Oribi is only accessible by boat.[9]

It is bordered by the municipality of Bantay to the north, Vigan and Caoayan to the west, San Quintin, Abra to the east and Narvacan to the south

Santa is 386 kilometres (240 mi) north of Manila and 21 kilometres (13 mi) south of Vigan, the capital of the province. It can be reached by bus, jeepney and other motorized means of transport by way of the National Highway.[6]

Santa has an area of 109.1 square kilometres (42.1 sq mi), which is distributed in twenty-six (26) barangays and constitutes almost 4.2% of the entire area of the province of Ilocos Sur. [10]

Barangays

[edit]

Santa is politically subdivided into 26 barangays. [10] Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

  • Ampandula
  • Banaoang
  • Basug
  • Bucalag
  • Cabangaran
  • Calungboyan
  • Casiber
  • Dammay
  • Labut Norte
  • Labut Sur
  • Mabilbila Norte
  • Mabilbila Sur
  • Magsaysay District (Poblacion)
  • Manueva
  • Marcos (Poblacion)
  • Nagpanaoan
  • Namalangan
  • Oribi
  • Pasungol
  • Quezon (Poblacion)
  • Quirino (Poblacion)
  • Rancho
  • Rizal
  • Sacuyya Norte
  • Sacuyya Sur
  • Tabucolan

Topography

[edit]

The topography of the municipality is undulating to rolling with slope ranging from 0-30%.[6]

Soil and vegetation

[edit]

There are three types of soil in Santa, namely: clay loam which is used for crop production, clay on the eastern part of the town and sandy loam on the western part. Although Santa has fair type of soil, vegetative cover is good for rice, corn, vegetables and fruit-bearing trees.[6]

Mineral resources

[edit]

Major mineral resources of the municipality are salt from the coast, and gravel and sand washed down the river banks of Abra River. Gravel and sand are gathered along the river bank and sold for construction. Salt-making is found along the coastal barangays of Santa with some of the residents engaged in the industry as their means of livelihood.[6]

Natural and man-made risk areas

[edit]

Because of its location, Santa has been plagued by disasters and calamities since the Spanish Colonial Period (See Destructive flooding below). During heavy rains, large amount of water coming down from the Central Cordillera Mountains flows down to the sea through the Abra River, the sixth largest river system in the Philippines, devastating Santa which traverses the western part of the municipality. Flood prone areas in the western part of the town include Barangays Pasungol, Tabucolan, Calungboyan, Casiber, Rancho, Oribi and Dammay. Even places located at the foot of the mountain are also prone to flash floods because of the denuded mountain east of the town. During the typhoon of June 5, 1999, the storm surge devastated Santa destroying residences along the coastal barangays.[6]

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Santa, Ilocos Sur
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30
(86) 		31
(88) 		33
(91) 		34
(93) 		32
(90) 		31
(88) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		30
(86) 		31
(88)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 19
(66) 		20
(68) 		21
(70) 		23
(73) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		22
(72) 		21
(70) 		20
(68) 		23
(73)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10
(0.4) 		10
(0.4) 		14
(0.6) 		23
(0.9) 		80
(3.1) 		103
(4.1) 		121
(4.8) 		111
(4.4) 		119
(4.7) 		144
(5.7) 		39
(1.5) 		15
(0.6) 		789
(31.2)
Average rainy days 5.2 3.9 6.2 9.1 18.5 21.4 22.9 19.8 19.8 16.2 10.5 6.1 159.6
Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally)[11]

The type of climate in Santa is generally the same as the climate of all coastal towns of Ilocos Sur. There are two seasons in the region, wet and dry season. The dry season commences in the month of February and ends in the month of June while the wet season is during the rest of the year.[6]

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) data for the municipality gives the annual average temperature at 29 °C (84 °F). April and May were recorded as the hottest months with a temperature from 29 to 31 °C (84 to 88 °F) respectively while the coldest months are January and February with a temperature ranging from 24 to 21 °C (75 to 70 °F).[6]

During the rainy season, Santa experience more or less 20 typhoons a year. Rainfall record of Santa is the same as the records of other municipalities of Ilocos Sur. Average monthly average during the wet season is estimated at 213 millimetres (8.4 in).[6][12]

Demographics

[edit]
Population census of Santa
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 8,063—    
1918 9,748+1.27%
1939 10,174+0.20%
1948 8,917−1.45%
1960 10,214+1.14%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1970 10,859+0.61%
1975 11,799+1.68%
1980 11,359−0.76%
1990 12,570+1.02%
1995 12,801+0.34%
YearPop.±% p.a.
2000 13,918+1.81%
2007 14,059+0.14%
2010 15,106+2.65%
2015 15,340+0.29%
2020 14,992−0.45%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[13][14][15][16]

In the 2020 census, Santa had a population of 14,992.[3] The population density was 140 inhabitants per square kilometre (360/sq mi).

Economy

[edit]

Poverty incidence of Santa

5
10
15
20
2006
20.00
2009
13.59
2012
12.64
2015
11.15
2018
4.78
2021
10.40

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]

Government

[edit]

Local government

[edit]
Main article: Sangguniang Bayan

Santa, belonging to the second congressional district of the province of Ilocos Sur, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

Elected officials

[edit]
Members of the Municipal Council
(2019–2022)[25]
Position Name
Congressman Kristine Singson-Meehan
Mayor Jesus B. Bueno Jr.
Vice-Mayor Jeremy Jesus D. Bueno III
Councilors Eugene B. Borje
Lorenzo Q. Formoso Jr.
Domingo L. Ritua
Bella G. Bello
Benedicto A. Burgonio
Marino S. Burgos
Encarnita B. dela Cueva
Reynold B. Queral

Tourism

[edit]
Welcome arch at town center

Banaoang Gap

[edit]

The Banaoang Gap is a water gap about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) long formed by the Abra River by cutting three consecutive tall mountain ridges in the Ilocos Range. It separates Santa and Bantay towns and stretches to San Quintin, Abra. The gap is spanned by the old and new Quirino Bridges connecting the two towns. A viewing deck is located in Barangay Banaoang in Santa offering dramatic view of the bridge and the broad Abra River backdropped by Mount Tetas de Santa, Mount Binitalo[5][26] and the other mountains in the Ilocos Range.[27]

Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park

[edit]
Further information: Northern Luzon Heroes Hill National Park

Located southeast of Santa and partly in Narvacan, Ilocos Sur,[28] the Northern Heroes Hill National Park was established on July 9, 1963, by Proclamation No. 132 encompassing 1,316 hectares (3,250 acres) of beautiful mountain scenery.[29]

Gabriela Silang Memorial Park

[edit]

Located west of the national park along the National Highway is the Old Pideg Pass, the historic gateway to Santa, renamed Diego-Gabriela Silang Pass in 1976. The Gabriela Silang Memorial Park was erected here dedicated to Gabriela who was born in the old barrio of Caniogan in Santa on March 19, 1731, and is regarded as the first heroine of Ilocos.[8][30]

References

[edit]
  1. ^  Municipality of Santa | (DILG)
  2. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Census of Population (2020). "Region I (Ilocos Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
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