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{{Short description|Trust representing the Indian recording industry}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
| name = Indian Music Industry
| name = Indian Music Industry
| logo = [[File:Indian Music Industry (logo).gif|IMI logo]]
| logo = Indian Music Industry logo.svg
| type =
| type =
| founded_date = 28 February 1936
| founded_date = 28 February 1936
| founder =
| founder =
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| origins =
| origins =
| key_people = Blaise Fernandes, President & CEO
| key_people = Blaise Fernandes, President & CEO
| area_served =
| area_served =
| product =
| product =
| mission =
| mission =
| focus =
| focus =
| method =
| method =
| revenue =
| revenue =
| endowment =
| endowment =
| num_volunteers =
| num_volunteers =
| num_employees =
| num_employees =
| num_members =
| num_members =
| subsid =
| subsid =
| owner =
| owner =
| Non-profit_slogan =
| Non-profit_slogan =
| homepage = {{URL|https://indianmi.org/|indianmi.org}}
| homepage = {{URL|https://indianmi.org/|indianmi.org}}
| dissolved =
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}


The '''Indian Music Industry (IMI)''' is a trust that represents the [[recording industry]] distributors in [[India]]. It was founded on February 28, 1936, as '''Indian Phonographic Industry (IPI)'''. It is the 2nd oldest [[music industry]] organization in the world that was involved in protecting [[copyright]]s of [[music producer]]s and supporting growth of music [[entertainment industry]]. In 1994, it was renamed as Indian Music Industry (IMI) and represented India at the [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]] (IFPI). It is also registered with the West Bengal Societies Registration Act. All major music labels in India are part of this association. Record companies like [[Saregama]] (HMV), [[Universal Music Group]] (India), [[Tips Industries]], [[Sony Music India]], [[Virgin Records]], [[Magnasound Records]], [[Aditya Music]], [[Times Music]], [[Zee Music Company]] and [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] several other prominent international, national and regional labels are part of the IMI. The IMI represents over 75% of all legal music sales in India.
The '''Indian Music Industry (IMI)''' is a trust that represents the [[recording industry]] distributors in [[India]]. It was founded on 28 February 1936, as '''Indian Phonographic Industry (IPI)'''. It is the 2nd oldest [[music industry]] organisation in the world that was involved in protecting [[copyright]]s of [[music producer]]s and supporting growth of music [[entertainment industry]]. In 1994, it was renamed as Indian Music Industry (IMI) and represented India at the [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]] (IFPI). It is also registered with the West Bengal Societies Registration Act. All major music labels in India are part of this association.


IMI has its registered office in [[Kolkata]] and Administrative office in [[Mumbai]]. It also has offices in [[New Delhi]], [[Chennai]], [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad]] and other major Indian cities working on the protection of rights of music producers and preventing [[music piracy]]. It has also been instrumental in launching the IMMIES music awards in collaboration with [[MTV]].
IMI has its registered office in [[Kolkata]] and Administrative office in [[Mumbai]] working on the protection of the rights of music producers and preventing [[music piracy]]. It has also been instrumental in launching the IMMIES music awards in collaboration with [[MTV]].


The Indian music industry is largely dominated by [[Indian film]] soundtracks, which account for nearly 80% of the country's music revenue, followed by [[Indi-pop]].<ref name="forbes">{{cite news |last=Hu |first=Cherie |title=How India, The Global Music Industry's Sleeping Giant, Is Finally Waking Up |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/cheriehu/2017/09/23/how-india-the-global-music-industrys-sleeping-giant-is-finally-waking-up/ |work=[[Forbes]] |date=September 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Indian Music Industry is struggling to survive COVID-19 |url=https://musicbiznation.com/news/the-indian-music-industry-struggling-to-survive-covid/ |publisher=Music Biz Nation}}</ref> As of 2014, the largest Indian music [[record label]] is [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] with up to 35% share of the Indian market, followed by [[Sony Music India]] (the largest foreign-owned label) with up to 25% share, and then [[Zee Music Company]] (which has a partnership with Sony).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Malvania |first1=Urvi |title=Sony Music eyes numero uno position in India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sony-music-eyes-numero-uno-position-in-india-114042100807_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=21 April 2014}}</ref> As of 2017, 216{{nbsp}}million Indians use music streaming services such as [[YouTube]], [[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment|Hungama]], [[Gaana]] and [[JioSaavn]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Spotify's plan to beat Apple: sign the rest of the world |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2b1b317a-f87b-11e8-8b7c-6fa24bd5409c |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=3 January 2019}}</ref> T-Series has the world's [[List of most-subscribed YouTube channels|most-subscribed]] and [[List of most-viewed YouTube channels|most-viewed YouTube channel]].
The Indian music industry is largely dominated by [[Indian film]] soundtracks, which account for nearly 80% of the country's music revenue, followed by [[Indi-pop]].<ref name="forbes">{{cite news |last=Hu |first=Cherie |title=How India, The Global Music Industry's Sleeping Giant, Is Finally Waking Up |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/cheriehu/2017/09/23/how-india-the-global-music-industrys-sleeping-giant-is-finally-waking-up/ |work=[[Forbes]] |date=23 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Indian Music Industry is struggling to survive COVID-19 |url=https://musicbiznation.com/news/the-indian-music-industry-struggling-to-survive-covid/ |publisher=Music Biz Nation}}</ref> As of 2014, the largest Indian music [[record label]] is [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] with up to 35% share of the Indian market, followed by [[Sony Music India]] (the largest foreign-owned label) with up to 25% share, and then [[Zee Music Company]] (which has a partnership with Sony).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Malvania |first1=Urvi |title=Sony Music eyes numero uno position in India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sony-music-eyes-numero-uno-position-in-india-114042100807_1.html |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=21 April 2014}}</ref> As of 2017, 216{{nbsp}}million Indians use music streaming services such as [[YouTube]], [[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment|Hungama]], [[Gaana]] and [[JioSaavn]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Spotify's plan to beat Apple: sign the rest of the world |url=https://www.ft.com/content/2b1b317a-f87b-11e8-8b7c-6fa24bd5409c |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=3 January 2019}}</ref> T-Series has the world's [[List of most-viewed YouTube channels|most-viewed]] and the second [[List of most-subscribed YouTube channels|most-subscribed YouTube channel]].


== History ==
== History ==
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=== International Top 20 Singles ===
=== International Top 20 Singles ===
{{Main|IMI International Top 20 Singles}}
{{Main|IMI International Top 20 Singles}}
IMI launched International Top 20 Singles chart, the first official music industry recognised [[record chart]] in India, on 21 June 2021. It ranks best-performing international singles in India based on streaming data from [[Amazon Music]], [[Apple Music]], and [[Spotify]]. The data is collected and aggregated by BMAT Music Innovators and chart is reviewed by IMI Charts committee.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yadav|first=Monica|date=2021-06-21|title=BTS' record-breaking single 'Butter' soars atop on India's first official international singles chart|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bts-record-breaking-single-butter-soars-atop-on-indias-first-official-international-singles-chart/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-22|website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Stassen|first=Murray|date=2021-06-22|title=Indian Music Industry launches country's first International Top 20 Singles Chart based on streaming data|url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/indian-music-industry-launches-countrys-first-international-top-20-singles-chart-based-on-streaming/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-22|website=Music Business Worldwide|language=en-US}}</ref> The first number-one song for the chart dated 21 June 2021, was "[[Butter (song)|Butter]]" by [[BTS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianmi.org/top-20-charts/|title=Top 20 Charts|publisher=Indian Music Industry|agency=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]]|date=21 June 2021|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621162413/https://indianmi.org/top-20-charts/|archive-date=21 June 2021}}</ref>
IMI launched International Top 20 Singles chart, the first official music industry recognised [[record chart]] in India, on 21 June 2021. It ranks best-performing international singles in India based on streaming data from [[Amazon Music]], [[Apple Music]], and [[Spotify]]. The data is collected and aggregated by BMAT Music Innovators and chart is reviewed by IMI Charts committee.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yadav|first=Monica|date=21 June 2021|title=BTS' record-breaking single 'Butter' soars atop on India's first official international singles chart|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/bts-record-breaking-single-butter-soars-atop-on-indias-first-official-international-singles-chart/|access-date=22 June 2021|website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Stassen|first=Murray|date=22 June 2021|title=Indian Music Industry launches country's first International Top 20 Singles Chart based on streaming data|url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/indian-music-industry-launches-countrys-first-international-top-20-singles-chart-based-on-streaming/|access-date=22 June 2021|website=Music Business Worldwide|language=en-US}}</ref> The first number-one song for the chart dated 21 June 2021, was "[[Butter (song)|Butter]]" by [[BTS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianmi.org/top-20-charts/|title=Top 20 Charts|publisher=Indian Music Industry|agency=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]]|date=21 June 2021|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621162413/https://indianmi.org/top-20-charts/|archive-date=21 June 2021}}</ref>


== Certification levels ==
== Certification levels ==
Line 103: Line 106:


===Previous===
===Previous===
Prior to the inclusion of [[music streaming]] in IMI certifications, the following certification levels were in use between 2007<ref name="IMI">{{cite web | url = http://www.indianmi.org/awards.htm | title = Awards | publisher = Indian Music Industry | access-date = 2008-06-06 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070909052714/http://www.indianmi.org/awards.htm | archive-date = 2007-09-09 }}</ref> and 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.indianmi.org/awards.htm | title = Awards | publisher = Indian Music Industry | access-date = 8 January 2018 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130115132547/http://www.indianmi.org/awards.htm | archive-date = 2013-01-15 }}</ref>
Prior to the inclusion of [[music streaming]] in IMI certifications, the following certification levels were in use between 2007<ref name="IMI">{{cite web | url = http://www.indianmi.org/awards.htm | title = Awards | publisher = Indian Music Industry | access-date = 6 June 2008 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070909052714/http://www.indianmi.org/awards.htm | archive-date = 9 September 2007 }}</ref> and 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.indianmi.org/awards.htm | title = Awards | publisher = Indian Music Industry | access-date = 8 January 2018 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130115132547/http://www.indianmi.org/awards.htm | archive-date = 15 January 2013 }}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
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|}
|}


The following certification levels were in use between 2000<ref>{{cite web | url = http://indianmi.org/gold_certification.htm | title = Awards | publisher = Indian Music Industry | access-date = 2008-06-06 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20000521125951/http://indianmi.org/gold_certification.htm | archive-date = 2000-05-21 }}</ref> and 2007.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.indianmi.org/awards.htm | title = Awards | publisher = Indian Music Industry | access-date = 2008-06-06 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070129092122/http://www.indianmi.org/awards.htm | archive-date = 2007-01-29 }}</ref>
The following certification levels were in use between 2000<ref>{{cite web | url = http://indianmi.org/gold_certification.htm | title = Awards | publisher = Indian Music Industry | access-date = 6 June 2008 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20000521125951/http://indianmi.org/gold_certification.htm | archive-date = 21 May 2000 }}</ref> and 2007.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.indianmi.org/awards.htm | title = Awards | publisher = Indian Music Industry | access-date = 6 June 2008 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070129092122/http://www.indianmi.org/awards.htm | archive-date = 29 January 2007 }}</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| [[Music of Bollywood|Hindi films]]<ref name="platinum">{{cite magazine |title=International |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=18 July 1981 |volume=93 |issue=28 |page=69 |publisher=[[Nielsen Business Media]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rSQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT69}}</ref> || 500,000 || 1,000,000
| [[Music of Bollywood|Hindi films]]<ref name="platinum">{{cite magazine |title=International |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=18 July 1981 |volume=93 |issue=28 |page=69 |publisher=[[Nielsen Business Media]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rSQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT69}}</ref> || 500,000 || 1,000,000
|-
|-
| [[Indian pop]] || 120,000<ref>{{cite news |title=Hip, Happy, Hyper |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19940430-hip-happy-hyper-755549-1994-04-30 |work=[[India Today]] |date=30 April 1994}}</ref> || 200,000<ref name="Asiaweek">{{cite book|title=''Asiaweek'', Volume 7|year=1981|publisher=[[Asiaweek]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33UMAQAAMAAJ|access-date=24 June 2011|page=39}}</ref><ref name="billboard">{{cite magazine|title=Nazia-Biddu Team - 'Disco Deewane': Hit In Hindu|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=18 July 1981|volume=93|issue=28|page=70|issn=0006-2510|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rSQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT69|access-date=2011-06-24}}</ref>
| [[Indian pop]] || 120,000<ref>{{cite news |title=Hip, Happy, Hyper |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19940430-hip-happy-hyper-755549-1994-04-30 |work=[[India Today]] |date=30 April 1994}}</ref> || 200,000<ref name="Asiaweek">{{cite book|title=''Asiaweek'', Volume 7|year=1981|publisher=[[Asiaweek]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33UMAQAAMAAJ|access-date=24 June 2011|page=39}}</ref><ref name="billboard">{{cite magazine|title=Nazia-Biddu Team - 'Disco Deewane': Hit In Hindu|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=18 July 1981|volume=93|issue=28|page=70|issn=0006-2510|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rSQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT69|access-date=24 June 2011}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Foreign<ref>{{cite news |title=Channel V and MTV create never-before market for global music |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19961115-channel-v-and-mtv-create-never-before-market-for-global-music-834080-1996-11-15 |work=[[India Today]] |date=15 November 1996}}</ref> || 30,000 || 60,000
| Foreign<ref>{{cite news |title=Channel V and MTV create never-before market for global music |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19961115-channel-v-and-mtv-create-never-before-market-for-global-music-834080-1996-11-15 |work=[[India Today]] |date=15 November 1996}}</ref> || 30,000 || 60,000
Line 182: Line 185:
|[[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|[[Himesh Reshammiya]]
|55,000,000
|55,000,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-13|title=Himesh Reshammiya's Aap Kaa Surroor Rules With The '55 Million Copies' Record In India Coming Very Close Only To Michael Jackson's Thriller Worldwide?|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/himesh-reshammiyas-aap-kaa-surroor-rules-with-the-55-million-copies-record-in-india-coming-very-close-only-to-michael-jacksons-thriller-worldwidede/|access-date=2021-06-15|website=Koimoi|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=CultureSonar|date=2017-07-12|title=Pop's Biggest Hits in the English-Speaking World|url=https://www.culturesonar.com/top-selling-albums/|access-date=2021-06-15|website=www.culturesonar.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-23|title=Credits You Can't Take Away From Himesh Reshammiya|url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/weddings-birthdays-top-list-best-of/credits-you-cant-take-away-himesh-reshammiya-article90782.htm|access-date=2021-06-15|website=Desimartini|language=en}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 March 2021|title=Himesh Reshammiya's Aap Kaa Surroor Rules With The '55 Million Copies' Record In India Coming Very Close Only To Michael Jackson's Thriller Worldwide?|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/himesh-reshammiyas-aap-kaa-surroor-rules-with-the-55-million-copies-record-in-india-coming-very-close-only-to-michael-jacksons-thriller-worldwidede/|access-date=15 June 2021|website=Koimoi|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=CultureSonar|date=12 July 2017|title=Pop's Biggest Hits in the English-Speaking World|url=https://www.culturesonar.com/top-selling-albums/|access-date=15 June 2021|website=www.culturesonar.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2018|title=Credits You Can't Take Away From Himesh Reshammiya|url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/weddings-birthdays-top-list-best-of/credits-you-cant-take-away-himesh-reshammiya-article90782.htm|access-date=15 June 2021|website=Desimartini|language=en}}</ref>
|- style="background:#b6fcb6;width:50px; border:1px solid #aaa;" span
|- style="background:#b6fcb6;width:50px; border:1px solid #aaa;" span
|2||1983||''[[Young Tarang]]''|| [[Zoheb Hassan]], [[Biddu]]|| [[Nazia Hassan]], [[Zoheb Hassan]], [[Sehba Akhtar]], [[Amit Khanna]]|| [[Nazia and Zoheb|Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan]]|| 40,000,000 || <ref name="rediff">{{cite web|title=Young Tarang|url=http://pages.rediff.com/young-tarang/1392941|website=[[Rediff]]|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Sheikh">{{cite book|last=Sheikh|first=M. A.|title=Who's Who: Music in Pakistan|date=2012|publisher=[[Xlibris Corporation]]|isbn=9781469191591|page=192|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ol9C3lhd01QC&pg=PA192}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}}
|2||1983||''[[Young Tarang]]''|| [[Zoheb Hassan]], [[Biddu]]|| [[Nazia Hassan]], [[Zoheb Hassan]], [[Sehba Akhtar]], [[Amit Khanna]]|| [[Nazia and Zoheb|Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan]]|| 40,000,000 || <ref name="rediff">{{cite web|title=Young Tarang|url=http://pages.rediff.com/young-tarang/1392941|website=[[Rediff]]|access-date=28 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032151/http://pages.rediff.com/young-tarang/1392941|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Sheikh">{{cite book|last=Sheikh|first=M. A.|title=Who's Who: Music in Pakistan|date=2012|publisher=[[Xlibris Corporation]]|isbn=9781469191591|page=192|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ol9C3lhd01QC&pg=PA192}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}}
|- style="background:#b6fcb6;width:50px; border:1px solid #aaa;" span
|- style="background:#b6fcb6;width:50px; border:1px solid #aaa;" span
| rowspan="3" | 3
| rowspan="3" | 3
|1990||''[[Aashiqui]]'' || [[Nadeem–Shravan]] || [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]], Madan Pal, Rani Malik ||[[Kumar Sanu]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]], [[Udit Narayan]], [[Nitin Mukesh]] || 20,000,000 || <ref name="india-today">{{cite journal|title=India Today|journal=[[India Today]]|date=1994|volume=19|page=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHYZAQAAMAAJ&q=two+crore|publisher=Aroon Purie for Living Media India Limited}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday">{{cite news |title=Bollywood hinges on Hindi film music industry, fans soak up wacky new sounds |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19941115-bollywood-hinges-on-hindi-film-music-industry-fans-soak-up-wacky-new-sounds-809899-1994-10-31 |access-date=17 July 2013 |work=[[India Today]] |date=15 November 1994}}</ref>
|1990||''[[Aashiqui (soundtrack)|Aashiqui]]'' || [[Nadeem–Shravan]] || [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]], Madan Pal, Rani Malik ||[[Kumar Sanu]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]], [[Udit Narayan]], [[Nitin Mukesh]] || 20,000,000 || <ref name="india-today">{{cite journal|title=India Today|journal=[[India Today]]|date=1994|volume=19|page=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHYZAQAAMAAJ&q=two+crore|publisher=Aroon Purie for Living Media India Limited}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday">{{cite news |title=Bollywood hinges on Hindi film music industry, fans soak up wacky new sounds |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19941115-bollywood-hinges-on-hindi-film-music-industry-fans-soak-up-wacky-new-sounds-809899-1994-10-31 |access-date=17 July 2013 |work=[[India Today]] |date=15 November 1994}}</ref>
|- span style="background:#b6fcb6;width:50px; border:1px solid #aaa;"
|- span style="background:#b6fcb6;width:50px; border:1px solid #aaa;"
| rowspan="2" | 1995
| rowspan="2" | 1995
| ''[[Bolo Ta Ra Ra..]]'' || [[Jawahar Wattal]] || [[Daler Mehndi]] ||[[Daler Mehndi]] || 20,000,000 || <ref name="in">{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/daler-mehndi/profile-63087.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614081608/http://www.in.com/daler-mehndi/profile-63087.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-06-14 |title=Daler Mehndi |publisher=[[In.com]] |access-date=2014-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Booth |first1=Gregory D. |last2=Shope |first2=Bradley |title=More Than Bollywood: Studies in Indian Popular Music |date=2014 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199928835 |page=151 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFwWDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA151}}</ref>
| ''[[Bolo Ta Ra Ra..]]'' || [[Jawahar Wattal]] || [[Daler Mehndi]] ||[[Daler Mehndi]] || 20,000,000 || <ref name="in">{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/daler-mehndi/profile-63087.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614081608/http://www.in.com/daler-mehndi/profile-63087.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 June 2012 |title=Daler Mehndi |publisher=[[In.com]] |access-date=22 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Booth |first1=Gregory D. |last2=Shope |first2=Bradley |title=More Than Bollywood: Studies in Indian Popular Music |date=2014 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199928835 |page=151 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFwWDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA151}}</ref>
|- span style="background:#b6fcb6;width:50px; border:1px solid #aaa;"
|- span style="background:#b6fcb6;width:50px; border:1px solid #aaa;"
| ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' || [[Jatin–Lalit]] || [[Anand Bakshi]] || [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Udit Narayan]], [[Asha Bhosle]], Abhijeet, Manpreet Kaur, Pamela Chopra || 20,000,000 || <ref name="ddlj">{{cite news |title=Rediff On The Net, Movies: How Gulshan Kumar signed his own death warrant |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/sep/02sup1.htm |work=[[Rediff]] |date=2 September 1997}}</ref><ref name="Ganti">{{cite book |last=Ganti |first=Tejaswini |title=Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry |date=2012 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |isbn=9780822352136 |page=390 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hb83FwNGuR4C&pg=PA390}}</ref>
| ''[[Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (soundtrack)|Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge]]'' || [[Jatin–Lalit]] || [[Anand Bakshi]] || [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Udit Narayan]], [[Asha Bhosle]], Abhijeet, Manpreet Kaur, Pamela Chopra || 20,000,000 || <ref name="ddlj">{{cite news |title=Rediff On The Net, Movies: How Gulshan Kumar signed his own death warrant |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/sep/02sup1.htm |work=[[Rediff]] |date=2 September 1997}}</ref><ref name="Ganti">{{cite book |last=Ganti |first=Tejaswini |title=Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry |date=2012 |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |isbn=9780822352136 |page=390 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hb83FwNGuR4C&pg=PA390}}</ref>
|- span style="background:#b6fcb6; width:50px; border:1px solid #aaa;"
|- span style="background:#b6fcb6; width:50px; border:1px solid #aaa;"
|5||1995 ||''[[Billo De Ghar]]'' || [[Abrar-ul-Haq]] || [[Abrar-ul-Haq]] || [[Abrar-ul-Haq]] || 16,000,000 || <ref name="Abrar">{{cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://abraronline.com/statistics.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326225201/http://abraronline.com/statistics.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 March 2009 |website=Abrar-ul-Haq Official Website |access-date=26 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Abrar Ul Haq is back with a bangra |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1094214/back-with-a-bangra/ |work=[[The Express Tribune]] |date=29 April 2016}}</ref>
|5||1995 ||''[[Billo De Ghar]]'' || [[Abrar-ul-Haq]] || [[Abrar-ul-Haq]] || [[Abrar-ul-Haq]] || 16,000,000 || <ref name="Abrar">{{cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://abraronline.com/statistics.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326225201/http://abraronline.com/statistics.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 March 2009 |website=Abrar-ul-Haq Official Website |access-date=26 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Abrar Ul Haq is back with a bangra |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1094214/back-with-a-bangra/ |work=[[The Express Tribune]] |date=29 April 2016}}</ref>
Line 209: Line 212:
===By decade===
===By decade===
{| border=0 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=1 style="width:100%; font-size:95%;"
{| border=0 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=1 style="width:100%; font-size:95%;"
|- style="background:#00f; color:#fff;"
|- style="background:#00f; colour:#fff;"
! scope="col" | Decade
! scope="col" | Decade
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Year
Line 238: Line 241:
|[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]|| [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]] || [[Anand Bakshi]], [[Vitthalbhai Patel]] || [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Narendra Chanchal]], [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]], [[Manna Dey]] || 1,000,000 || <ref>{{cite web|title=Music Hits 1970-1979|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=282&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205042855/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=282&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2010|website=[[Box Office India]]|date=5 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="sholay">{{cite journal |title=Sûrya India |journal=Sûrya India |date=1979 |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MUvoAAAAMAAJ |publisher=A. Anand. |quote=Sholay' is stilt going strong. Polydor records has won a platinum disc for the sale of the 'Sholay' record}}</ref><ref name="platinum"/>
|[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]|| [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]] || [[Anand Bakshi]], [[Vitthalbhai Patel]] || [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Narendra Chanchal]], [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]], [[Manna Dey]] || 1,000,000 || <ref>{{cite web|title=Music Hits 1970-1979|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=282&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205042855/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=282&catName=MTk3MC0xOTc5|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2010|website=[[Box Office India]]|date=5 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="sholay">{{cite journal |title=Sûrya India |journal=Sûrya India |date=1979 |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MUvoAAAAMAAJ |publisher=A. Anand. |quote=Sholay' is stilt going strong. Polydor records has won a platinum disc for the sale of the 'Sholay' record}}</ref><ref name="platinum"/>
|- style="background:#87cefa;"
|- style="background:#87cefa;"
|1975|| ''[[Julie (1975 film)|Julie]]''
|1975|| ''[[Sholay]]''
|[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]|| [[Rajesh Roshan]] || [[Anand Bakshi]], [[Salim–Javed]] || [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]|| 1,000,000 || <ref name="sholay"/><ref name="platinum"/>
|[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]|| [[R. D. Burman]] || [[Anand Bakshi]], [[Salim–Javed]] || [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Manna Dey]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Hema Malini]], [[R. D. Burman]] || 1,000,000 || <ref name="sholay"/><ref name="platinum"/>
|- style="background:#87cefa;"
|- style="background:#87cefa;"
|1980s||1983||''[[Young Tarang]]''
|1980s||1983||''[[Young Tarang]]''
Line 255: Line 258:
|[[Hindi]]|| [[Jatin–Lalit]] || [[Anand Bakshi]] || [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Udit Narayan]], [[Asha Bhosle]], Abhijeet, Manpreet Kaur, Pamela Chopra || 20,000,000 || <ref name="ddlj"/><ref name="Ganti"/>
|[[Hindi]]|| [[Jatin–Lalit]] || [[Anand Bakshi]] || [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Udit Narayan]], [[Asha Bhosle]], Abhijeet, Manpreet Kaur, Pamela Chopra || 20,000,000 || <ref name="ddlj"/><ref name="Ganti"/>
|-style="background:#87cefa;"
|-style="background:#87cefa;"
|2000s||2000|| ''[[Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai]]''
|2000s||2000|| ''[[Mohabbatein]]''
|[[Hindi]]|| [[Rajesh Roshan]] || [[Saawan Kumar Tak]] || [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Udit Narayan]], [[Alka Yagnik]] || 10,000,000 || <ref>{{cite web|title=Music Hits 2000-2009 (Figures in Units)|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205042845/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2010|website=[[Box Office India]]|date=5 February 2010}}</ref>
|[[Hindi]]|| [[Jatin–Lalit]] || [[Anand Bakshi]] || [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Udit Narayan]], Shweta Pandit, Sonali Bhatawdekar, Ishaan || 5,000,000 || <ref>{{cite web|title=Music Hits 2000-2009 (Figures in Units)|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205042845/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=286&catName=MjAwMC0yMDA5|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 February 2010|website=[[Box Office India]]|date=5 February 2010}}</ref>
|-style="background:#87cefa;"
|-style="background:#87cefa;"
|2010s||2010|| ''[[Puli (soundtrack)|Komaram Puli]]''
|2010s||2010|| ''[[Puli (soundtrack)|Komaram Puli]]''
Line 267: Line 270:
== External links ==
== External links ==
* [https://indianmi.org/ IMI]
* [https://indianmi.org/ IMI]
* [https://loudetone.com/ Loudetone Music]



{{Record Charts}}
{{Record Charts}}

Latest revision as of 03:44, 8 December 2024

Indian Music Industry
Founded28 February 1936
Location
Key people
Blaise Fernandes, President & CEO
Websiteindianmi.org

The Indian Music Industry (IMI) is a trust that represents the recording industry distributors in India. It was founded on 28 February 1936, as Indian Phonographic Industry (IPI). It is the 2nd oldest music industry organisation in the world that was involved in protecting copyrights of music producers and supporting growth of music entertainment industry. In 1994, it was renamed as Indian Music Industry (IMI) and represented India at the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). It is also registered with the West Bengal Societies Registration Act. All major music labels in India are part of this association.

IMI has its registered office in Kolkata and Administrative office in Mumbai working on the protection of the rights of music producers and preventing music piracy. It has also been instrumental in launching the IMMIES music awards in collaboration with MTV.

The Indian music industry is largely dominated by Indian film soundtracks, which account for nearly 80% of the country's music revenue, followed by Indi-pop.[1][2] As of 2014, the largest Indian music record label is T-Series with up to 35% share of the Indian market, followed by Sony Music India (the largest foreign-owned label) with up to 25% share, and then Zee Music Company (which has a partnership with Sony).[3] As of 2017, 216 million Indians use music streaming services such as YouTube, Hungama, Gaana and JioSaavn.[4] T-Series has the world's most-viewed and the second most-subscribed YouTube channel.

History

[edit]

The industry was dominated by cassette tapes in the 1980s and 1990s.[1] In 1990, India had annual cassette sales of 180 million units, including both legitimate and pirate sales. This made it the world's second largest cassette market, after the United States.[5] By 1998, the industry had annual earnings of ₹12 billion[6] ($291 million).[7]

In the early 2000s, 49 million cassettes (including 16 million pirate tapes) were sold every month.[8] Later in the 2000s, the industry transitioned to online streaming, bypassing CD and digital downloads.[1]

Criteria of certification levels

[edit]

The Indian Music Industry has constituted different, awards to encourage and promote music. The approved scheme of gold/platinum disc standards effective for sound recordings of member companies released in one calendar year is as below:

  • Sales of all types of carriers, whether vinyl records, audio cassettes, compact discs, MP3 compact discs, music videos (i.e. excluding home videos) or any other existing or future type of carrier is considered on the basis of one unit.
  • If a sound recording contains a combination of two program, any program over half of its total duration can be weighted at 50%, of the sales of the sound recording of that program. Any program comprising less than half of the total duration of the sound recording will not be counted for the purpose of certification.
  • Sales in domestic markets only will be considered for the calculation of sales of sound recording.
  • The time-limit for achieving above sales in any category is one year from the release of the recording in India.
  • Applications should be accompanied by a copy certified by the member's chartered accountant stating the date of release & the number of units sold, along with a letter from the managing director or CEO.

Record charts

[edit]
See also: Billboard India Songs

International Top 20 Singles

[edit]
Main article: IMI International Top 20 Singles

IMI launched International Top 20 Singles chart, the first official music industry recognised record chart in India, on 21 June 2021. It ranks best-performing international singles in India based on streaming data from Amazon Music, Apple Music, and Spotify. The data is collected and aggregated by BMAT Music Innovators and chart is reviewed by IMI Charts committee.[9][10] The first number-one song for the chart dated 21 June 2021, was "Butter" by BTS.[11]

Certification levels

[edit]

India has separate scales for music recording certifications. Certifications are usually based on sales, like some other Asian countries. Like many other Asian countries, domestic repertoire accounts for the majority of the Indian music market. Like many other countries, sales requirements of music recording in India reduced due to music piracy, declining sales, and the rise of online streaming.

Current

[edit]

The following are the current certification levels, as of 2019.[12]

Release type Singles Albums
Gold Platinum Gold Platinum
Hindi films 120,000 240,000 75,000 150,000
Regional films 60,000 120,000 40,000 80,000
Pop/Basic 60,000 120,000 15,000 30,000
Devotional 50,000 100,000 10,000 20,000
Classical/Folk 10,000 20,000 5,000 10,000
International 60,000 120,000 12,000 30,000

Single and album units are measured in terms of Track Equivalent (TE) and Album Equivalent (AE) units, respectively, which are equivalent to the following media units.[12]

Media unit(s) Track Equivalent (TE) Album Equivalent (AE)
Digital track download(s) 1 10
Digital album download — 1
Physical album sale — 1
CRBT (caller ring-back tones) (30 days[clarification needed]) 2 20
Track streams 100 1,000
Video streams 300 3,000

Previous

[edit]

Prior to the inclusion of music streaming in IMI certifications, the following certification levels were in use between 2007[13] and 2013.[14]

Between 2007 and 2013
Release type Gold Platinum
Hindi Films 200,000 400,000
Regional Films 50,000 100,000
Regional Basic 25,000 50,000
National Basic 50,000 100,000
Classical/Non-Classical 15,000 30,000
International 4,000 6,000

The following certification levels were in use between 2000[15] and 2007.[16]

Between 2000 and 2007
Release type Gold Platinum
Hindi Films 500,000 1,000,000
Regional Films 100,000 200,000
Regional Basic 60,000 120,000
National Basic 100,000 200,000
Classical/Semi-Classical 20,000 40,000
International (2006–2007) 10,000 20,000
International (2000–2006) 20,000 40,000

The following certification levels were in use up until 2000.

Up until 2000
Release type Gold Platinum
Hindi films[17] 500,000 1,000,000
Indian pop 120,000[18] 200,000[19][20]
Foreign[21] 30,000 60,000

Best-selling albums

[edit]
See also: Hindi film music, Indian pop, Pakistani popular music, and List of best-selling albums by country

Top ten

[edit]
Rank Year Album Music director(s) Lyricist(s) Singer(s) Sales Source(s)
1 2006 Aap Kaa Surroor Himesh Reshammiya Sameer Anjaan Himesh Reshammiya 55,000,000 [22][23][24]
2 1983 Young Tarang Zoheb Hassan, Biddu Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan, Sehba Akhtar, Amit Khanna Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan 40,000,000 [25][26][self-published source]
3 1990 Aashiqui Nadeem–Shravan Sameer, Madan Pal, Rani Malik Kumar Sanu, Anuradha Paudwal, Udit Narayan, Nitin Mukesh 20,000,000 [27][28]
1995 Bolo Ta Ra Ra.. Jawahar Wattal Daler Mehndi Daler Mehndi 20,000,000 [29][30]
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge Jatin–Lalit Anand Bakshi Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan, Asha Bhosle, Abhijeet, Manpreet Kaur, Pamela Chopra 20,000,000 [31][32]
5 1995 Billo De Ghar Abrar-ul-Haq Abrar-ul-Haq Abrar-ul-Haq 16,000,000 [33][34]
6 1995 Bombay A. R. Rahman Vairamuthu, Mehboob, Veturi A. R. Rahman, Remo Fernandes, Suresh Peters, Swarnalatha, K. S. Chithra, Hariharan, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Udit Narayan, Annupamaa 15,000,000 [35]
7 1981 Disco Deewane Zoheb Hassan, Biddu Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan, Anwar Khalid, Faruq Qaiser Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan 14,000,000 [36]
8 1997 Dil To Pagal Hai Uttam Singh Anand Bakshi Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan, Asha Bhosle, Hariharan 12,500,000 [37]
9 1994 Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! Raamlaxman Ravinder Rawal, Dev Kohli Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Udit Narayan, Sharda Sinha, Shailendra Singh 12,000,000 [38]
10 1996 Raja Hindustani Nadeem–Shravan Sameer Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik, Suresh Wadkar, Sapna Awasthi, Alisha Chinai, Sapna Mukheree, Bela Salukhe 11,000,000 [37]

By decade

[edit]
Decade Year Album Language Music director(s) Lyricist(s) Singer(s) Sales Source(s)
1930s 1939 Aadmi Hindi

Marathi

Master Krishnarao Munsi Aziz Shanta Hublikar, Ram Marathe, Sundara Bai, Shahu Modhak — [citation needed]
1940s 1949 Barsaat Hindi Shankar Jaikishan Hasrat Jaipuri, Shailendra, Ramesh Shashtri, Akhilesh, Jalal Malahabadi Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi, Mukesh — [citation needed]
1950s 1951 Awaara Hindustani Shankar Jaikishan Shailendra, Hasrat Jaipuri Shamshad Begum, Mukesh, Lata Mangeshkar, Manna Dey, Mohammed Rafi — [39]
1960s 1964 Sangam Hindustani Shankar Jaikishan Shailendra, Hasrat Jaipuri Vyjayanthimala, Mukesh, Lata Mangeshkar, Mahendra Kapoor, Mohammed Rafi — [40]
1970s 1973 Bobby Hindustani Laxmikant–Pyarelal Anand Bakshi, Vitthalbhai Patel Lata Mangeshkar, Narendra Chanchal, Shailendra Singh, Manna Dey 1,000,000 [41][42][17]
1975 Sholay Hindustani R. D. Burman Anand Bakshi, Salim–Javed Kishore Kumar, Manna Dey, Lata Mangeshkar, Hema Malini, R. D. Burman 1,000,000 [42][17]
1980s 1983 Young Tarang Hindustani Zoheb Hassan, Biddu Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan, Sehba Akhtar, Amit Khanna Nazia Hassan, Zoheb Hassan 40,000,000 [26][25]
1990s 1990 Aashiqui Hindi Nadeem–Shravan Sameer, Madan Pal, Rani Malik Kumar Sanu, Anuradha Paudwal, Udit Narayan, Nitin Mukesh 20,000,000 [27][28]
1995 Bolo Ta Ra Ra.. Punjabi Jawahar Wattal Daler Mehndi Daler Mehndi 20,000,000 [29][37]
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge Hindi Jatin–Lalit Anand Bakshi Lata Mangeshkar, Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan, Asha Bhosle, Abhijeet, Manpreet Kaur, Pamela Chopra 20,000,000 [31][32]
2000s 2000 Mohabbatein Hindi Jatin–Lalit Anand Bakshi Lata Mangeshkar, Udit Narayan, Shweta Pandit, Sonali Bhatawdekar, Ishaan 5,000,000 [43]
2010s 2010 Komaram Puli Telugu A. R. Rahman Chandrabose A. R. Rahman, Vijay Prakash, Tanvi Shah, Shweta Mohan, Javed Ali, Shreya Ghoshal 760,000 [44]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Hu, Cherie (23 September 2017). "How India, The Global Music Industry's Sleeping Giant, Is Finally Waking Up". Forbes.
  2. ^ "The Indian Music Industry is struggling to survive COVID-19". Music Biz Nation.
  3. ^ Malvania, Urvi (21 April 2014). "Sony Music eyes numero uno position in India". Business Standard.
  4. ^ "Spotify's plan to beat Apple: sign the rest of the world". Financial Times. 3 January 2019.
  5. ^ Bhargava, Simran (15 January 1991). "As music market expands rapidly, India becomes one of the largest producers of cassettes". India Today. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  6. ^ "Tuning in to better times?". The Hindu. 9 July 2003.[dead link‍]
  7. ^ "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)". World Bank. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  8. ^ "Attack of the clones". Rediff. 27 March 2003.
  9. ^ Yadav, Monica (21 June 2021). "BTS' record-breaking single 'Butter' soars atop on India's first official international singles chart". Bollywood Hungama. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  10. ^ Stassen, Murray (22 June 2021). "Indian Music Industry launches country's first International Top 20 Singles Chart based on streaming data". Music Business Worldwide. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
  11. ^ "Top 20 Charts". Indian Music Industry. International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. 21 June 2021. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  12. ^ a b "Awards". Indian Music Industry (IMI). Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  13. ^ "Awards". Indian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 9 September 2007. Retrieved 6 June 2008.
  14. ^ "Awards". Indian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
  15. ^ "Awards". Indian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 21 May 2000. Retrieved 6 June 2008.
  16. ^ "Awards". Indian Music Industry. Archived from the original on 29 January 2007. Retrieved 6 June 2008.
  17. ^ a b c "International". Billboard. Vol. 93, no. 28. Nielsen Business Media. 18 July 1981. p. 69.
  18. ^ "Hip, Happy, Hyper". India Today. 30 April 1994.
  19. ^ Asiaweek, Volume 7. Asiaweek. 1981. p. 39. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
  20. ^ "Nazia-Biddu Team - 'Disco Deewane': Hit In Hindu". Billboard. Vol. 93, no. 28. 18 July 1981. p. 70. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
  21. ^ "Channel V and MTV create never-before market for global music". India Today. 15 November 1996.
  22. ^ "Himesh Reshammiya's Aap Kaa Surroor Rules With The '55 Million Copies' Record In India Coming Very Close Only To Michael Jackson's Thriller Worldwide?". Koimoi. 13 March 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  23. ^ CultureSonar (12 July 2017). "Pop's Biggest Hits in the English-Speaking World". www.culturesonar.com. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  24. ^ "Credits You Can't Take Away From Himesh Reshammiya". Desimartini. 23 July 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  25. ^ a b "Young Tarang". Rediff. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  26. ^ a b Sheikh, M. A. (2012). Who's Who: Music in Pakistan. Xlibris Corporation. p. 192. ISBN 9781469191591.
  27. ^ a b "India Today". India Today. 19. Aroon Purie for Living Media India Limited: 70. 1994.
  28. ^ a b "Bollywood hinges on Hindi film music industry, fans soak up wacky new sounds". India Today. 15 November 1994. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  29. ^ a b "Daler Mehndi". In.com. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  30. ^ Booth, Gregory D.; Shope, Bradley (2014). More Than Bollywood: Studies in Indian Popular Music. Oxford University Press. p. 151. ISBN 9780199928835.
  31. ^ a b "Rediff On The Net, Movies: How Gulshan Kumar signed his own death warrant". Rediff. 2 September 1997.
  32. ^ a b Ganti, Tejaswini (2012). Producing Bollywood: Inside the Contemporary Hindi Film Industry. Duke University Press. p. 390. ISBN 9780822352136.
  33. ^ "Statistics". Abrar-ul-Haq Official Website. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  34. ^ "Abrar Ul Haq is back with a bangra". The Express Tribune. 29 April 2016.
  35. ^ "The "Mozart of Madras" AR Rahman is Performing LIVE in Australia". SBS. 14 February 2017.
  36. ^ "Disco Deewane, Nazia Hassan with Biddu and His Orchestra". La Pelanga. 19 September 2010.
  37. ^ a b c "Music Hits 1990-1999 (Figures in Units)". Box Office India. 2 January 2010. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010.
  38. ^ Morcom, Anna (2017). Hindi Film Songs and the Cinema. Routledge. p. 198. ISBN 9781351563741.
  39. ^ "Music Hits 1950-1959". Box Office India. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010.
  40. ^ "Music Hits 1960-1969". Box Office India. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010.
  41. ^ "Music Hits 1970-1979". Box Office India. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010.
  42. ^ a b "Sûrya India". Sûrya India. 3 (2). A. Anand.: 61 1979. Sholay' is stilt going strong. Polydor records has won a platinum disc for the sale of the 'Sholay' record
  43. ^ "Music Hits 2000-2009 (Figures in Units)". Box Office India. 5 February 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010.
  44. ^ "'Komaram Puli' audio creates latest record!". way2movies. 16 July 2010. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
[edit]


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