Specialty food: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Latest revision as of 10:28, 8 December 2024

A specialty food is a food that is typically considered as a "unique and high-value food item made in small quantities from high-quality ingredients".^[1] Consumers typically pay higher prices for specialty foods, and may perceive them as having various benefits^[1] compared to non-specialty foods.

Compared to staple foods, specialty foods may have higher prices due to more expensive ingredients and labor.^[2] Some food stores specialize in or predominantly purvey specialty foods.^[3]^[4] Several organizations exist that promote specialty foods and its purveyors.

Definition

There is no standard definition for "specialty food".^[1]

Specialty foods

Foods that have been described as specialty foods include:

Alici from the Gulf of Trieste near Barcola.^[5]
Artisanal foods.^[6]^[7]
Caviar.^[8]
Cheese and artisan cheese.^[9]
Craft beer.
Specialty coffee – sometimes referred to as artisanal coffee.^[10]
High-quality chocolate.^[11]
Foie gras.^[12]^[13]
Iberico, Serrano, and other artisanal dry-cured ham.
Morels, chanterelles, matsutake and other rare mushrooms.^[14]
Mostarda.^[15]
Gourmet pet foods.^[16]
Edible seaweed.^[17]
Stinky tofu (Chinese: chòu dòufu) – has been described as a local specialty food in the Old City of Shanghai.^[18]
Truffles.^[19]^[20]
Truffle oil.^[19]^[21]

Bean-to-bar chocolate, used here to prepare hot chocolate
Foie gras being sliced
Mostarda di Cremona
Stinky tofu
A black Périgord truffle

Some specialty foods may be ethnic specialties.^[22]

Foods that have been described as specialty foods as per not precisely corresponding to other food categories include:

Kimchi.^[23]
Olives.^[23]
Royal jelly, bee pollen and propolis.^[23]
Sauerkraut.^[23]
Sea vegetables.^[23]
Umeboshi.^[23]

Frozen bee pollen, a human food supplement
Kimchi
Various olives

By country

China

In China, specialty foods have been described as having "important roles in the food culture..."^[24] Some Chinese recipes may be footnoted with a statement that ingredients may only be available in specialty food stores and Chinese markets.^[25]

United States

In the United States, specialty foods and their purveyors are regulated by both federal and state agencies.^[26]

The Specialty Food Association's annual "State of the Specialty Food Industry 2014" report stated that in 2013 in the U.S., specialty foods and beverages sales totaled $88.3 billion, accounted for an increase of 18.4% since 2011, and was a record high for the fourth consecutive year.^[27]^[28] The report also stated that around 80% of specialty food sales occur at the retail level, and that seven out of ten specialty food retailers reported that the word "local" had the most importance as a product claim.^[27]

Bean-to-bar chocolate manufacturers

As of March 2015 in the United States, the number of bean-to-bar chocolate manufacturers (companies that process cocoa beans into a product in-house, rather than melting chocolate from another manufacturer) had increased to at least 60.^[29] The Fine Chocolate Industry Association (FCIA) stated that this represented "a tenfold increase in the past decade that's outpacing growth in Europe".^[29]^[30] In April 2020, the FCIA launched the campaign website Make Mine Fine in order to support small scale farmers who rely on cocoa for their livelihoods in tropical countries and highlight the work of chocolate manufacturers who buy their beans.

California

In 2012 in the United States, the specialty foods market sector was experiencing significant growth, with its annual growth rate at 8–10%.^[1] In 2010, specialty foods comprised 13.1% of total retail food sales and totaled $55.9 billion in sales.^[1]

In 2010 in Oakland, California, it was reported that abandoned industrial spaces previously occupied by large food producers were being inhabited by small specialty food companies.^[31]

In 1998, the U.S. state of California had the second-highest amount of specialty and gourmet foods of all U.S. states.^[32] This has been attributed as possible due a diverse variety of unique fruits and vegetables that can be grown in Southern California.^[32] Another possibility for the high quantity and diversity of specialty foods in California is that food innovations often occur in the state, as has occurred in other sectors such as health food and organic produce.^[32]

In 1991, the Los Angeles Times reported that city officials in Monterey Park, Los Angeles County, California, suspected that significant numbers of non-residents were visiting the city to shop at Asian markets there to obtain specialty foods.^[33]

Vermont

In terms of food-place association perceptions, Vermont has been described as being associated with "homemade-style specialty items", along with maple syrup.^[32]

Companies and stores

Some companies, grocery stores and food stores specialize in or predominantly purvey specialty foods. Some of these companies include:

Asian markets and supermarkets
Boulder Specialty Brands Inc.^[34]
Centennial Specialty Foods Corp., Centennial, Colorado^[35]^[36]
Innovative Food Holdings^[37]
Organic Food Brokers, Boulder, Colorado^[37]
Whole Foods Market^[38]

Organizations

United States

National Association for the Specialty Food Trade

Also known as the Specialty Food Association, it is a non-profit trade association founded in 1952 in New York that has over 3,000 members.^[39] The organization also oversees its Specialty Food Foundation, a foundation that "works to reduce hunger and increase food recovery efforts via grantmaking, education and industry events".^[40]

Connecticut

Connecticut Food Association – has a specialty food division^[41]
Connecticut Specialty Food Association^[42]

Massachusetts

Massachusetts Specialty Foods Association^[43]

Michigan

Traverse Bay Specialty Foods^[44]

New York

In New York's Finger Lakes region, the Worker Ownership Resource Center established the Specialty Food Network.^[45] The network was established to "help clients start or expand small food businesses" and to promote the businesses and products of its members.^[45] Establishment of the network was enabled in part with a grant from the John Merck Fund.^[45] In 1998, the network had 46 members.^[45]

South Carolina

South Carolina Specialty Food Association^[46]

Vermont

Vermont Specialty Food Association^[47]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Zhao 2012, p. vii
^ Hall, S. (2005). From Kitchen to Market: Selling Your Gourmet Food Specialty. From Kitchen to Market: Selling Your Gourmet Food Specialty Series. Kaplan Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7931-9997-6.
^ Wemischner, R.; Karp, K. (1997). Gourmet to go: a guide to opening and operating a speciality food store. John Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-13939-3.
^ Pegler, M.M. (1999). Specialty Food Store Design. Visual Reference Publications. ISBN 978-0-934590-77-8.
^ Georges Desrues "Eine Lange Nacht am Meer", In: Triest - Servus Magazin (2020), p 73.
^ Hartman, Lauren R. (29 June 2015). Artisanal Foods Increase in Popularity. Food Procescsing. foodprocessing.com.
^ Pipkin, Whitney. (11 April 2016). Maybe this is how ‘artisanal’ foods can finally spread the wealth. Food. Washington Post.
^ Zhao 2012, p. 298.
^ Prisco, Joanna (October 2, 2013). "Americans Hungry for Funky, Innovative Cheeses". ABC News. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
^ Ferdman, Roberto A. (February 24, 2015). "It's true: Americans like to drink bad coffee". Washington Post. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
^ Szogyi, Alex, ed. (1997). Chocolate: Food of the Gods. Issue 14 of Contributions in intercultural and comparative studies (ISSN 0147-1031). Greenwood Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-313-30506-1.
^ "Demand for foie gras soaring in California after ban lifted". Fox News. January 21, 2015. Archived from the original on March 8, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
^ Moore, Derek (January 8, 2015). "Courts overturn foie gras ban". Petaluma Argus Courier. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
^ Holusha, John (July 11, 1986). "Laboratory Morels 'Bloom'". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ Small, E.; Canada, National Research Council (2009). Top 100 Food Plants. NRC Research Press. p. 346. ISBN 978-0-660-19858-3. Quote: " In Italy, it (mostarda) is sold by the barrel, while in other Western countries mostarda is generally marketed as a gourmet item in specialty food stores"
^ McGrath, R.G.; MacMillan, I.C. (2000). The Entrepreneurial Mindset: Strategies for Continuously Creating Opportunity in an Age of Uncertainty. Working paper series (Snider Entrepreneurial Center). Harvard Business School Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-87584-834-1.
^ Harris, Richard (June 10, 2013). "How To Clean Up Fish Farms And Raise More Seafood At The Same Time". NPR. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
^ Owyang, S. (2010). Frommer's Shanghai. Frommer's Complete Guides. Wiley. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-470-43794-0.
^ ^a ^b Farnham, Alan (March 25, 2014). "Celebrity Chefs Buying Truffles to Tune of $30K a Day". ABC News. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
^ Vasarri, Chiara (October 21, 2014). "Truffle Boom Brings La Dolce Vita Amid Italy Economic Slump". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
^ Tolson, Shaun (November 6, 2014). "The Truth About Truffle Oil". Robb Report. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ Halter, M. (2007). Shopping for Identity: The Marketing of Ethnicity. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-307-42770-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Bowden 2007, p. 222.
^ Newman, J.M. (2004). Food Culture in China. Food culture around the world. Greenwood Press. p. xii. ISBN 978-0-313-32581-6.
^ Dahlen, M. (2010). A Cook's Guide to Chinese Vegetables. askmar publishing. ISBN 978-1-935842-03-3.
^ "Resources". Northeast Center for Food Entrepreneurship, Cornell University. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ ^a ^b "The State of the Specialty Food Industry 2014". Specialty Food Association. October 27, 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ "Frozen Dessert Sales Up 28% in US Specialty Food Market". Frozen Foods Biz. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ ^a ^b Pierson, David (February 28, 2015). "Artisanal, hand-crafted chocolate is a growing niche". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ "Niche Bean-to-Bar Chocolate Production Shows Rapid Growth". Specialty Food Association. March 2, 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ Jou, Diana (December 13, 2010). "Small specialty food companies moving into Oakland's factory spaces". Oakland North. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Shortridge, B.G.; Shortridge, J.R. (1998). The Taste of American Place: A Reader on Regional and Ethnic Foods. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-8476-8507-3.
^ Hoder, Randye (June 6, 1991). "A Passion for Asian Foods : Markets: City officials suspect that many non-residents flock to Monterey Park for its specialty food stores. One developer is banking on it". Los Angeles Times Articles. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
^ "Boulder Specialty closes IPO". Denver Business Journal. December 22, 2005. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
^ "Centennial Specialty Foods loses nearly 800K". Denver Business Journal. March 31, 2005. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
^ "Centennial Specialty being delisted". Denver Business Journal. October 25, 2005. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Innovative Food Holdings Launches Retail-Focused Specialty and Organic Food Offering, Acquires Organic Food Brokers, LLC". PR Newswire. October 1, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
^ Fromartz, S. (2007). Organic, Inc.: Natural Foods and How They Grew. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-547-41600-7.
^ "Who we are". Specialty Food Association. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ "Specialty Food Foundation Announces Grants to 14 Anti-Hunger Programs". Food Shift. December 17, 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ "Connecticut Food Association". Connecticut Food Association. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ "Connecticut Specialty Food Association". Connecticut Specialty Food Association. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ "Massachusetts Specialty Foods Association". Massachusetts Specialty Foods Association. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ "Traverse Bay Specialty Foods". Traverse Bay Specialty Foods. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Markley, K.; Hilchey, D.; Program, Cornell Farming Alternatives (1998). Adding Value for Sustainability: A Guidebook for Cooperative Extension Agents and Other Agricultural Professionals. Community agriculture development series. Farming Alternatives Program. pp. 55–58. ISBN 978-0-7881-8993-7.
^ "South Carolina Specialty Food Association". South Carolina Specialty Food Association. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
^ "Vermont Specialty Food Association". Vermont Specialty Food Association. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

Bibliography

Zhao, Y. (2012). Specialty Foods: Processing Technology, Quality, and Safety. Science & food technology. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-4398-5423-5.
Bowden, J. (2007). The 150 Healthiest Foods on Earth: The Surprising, Unbiased Truth about What You Should Eat and Why. Fair Winds Press. pp. 221–240. ISBN 978-1-61673-416-9.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Specialty foods''' are [[food]]s that are typically considered as "unique and high-value food items made in small quantities from high-quality ingredients".<ref name="Zhao preface"/> Consumers typically pay higher prices for specialty foods, and may perceive them as having various benefits<ref name="Zhao preface"/> compared to non-specialty foods. Compared to staple foods, specialty foods may have higher prices due to more expensive ingredients and labor.<ref name="Hall"/> Some food stores specialize in or predominantly purvey specialty foods.<ref name="Wemischner & Karp"/><ref name="Pegler"/> Several organizations exist that promote specialty foods and its purveyors.
+A '''specialty food''' is a [[food]] that is typically considered as a "unique and high-value food item made in small quantities from high-quality ingredients".<ref name="Zhao preface"/> Consumers typically pay higher prices for specialty foods, and may perceive them as having various benefits<ref name="Zhao preface"/> compared to non-specialty foods.
+Compared to [[staple food]]s, specialty foods may have higher prices due to more expensive ingredients and labor.<ref name="Hall"/> Some food stores specialize in or predominantly purvey specialty foods.<ref name="Wemischner & Karp"/><ref name="Pegler"/> Several organizations exist that promote specialty foods and its purveyors.
-==Etymology==
-The term "specialty foods" does not have a standard definition.<ref name="Zhao preface"/> Food processors, regulators and consumers may be confused by the term due to its potential ambiguity.<ref name="Zhao preface"/>
+==Definition==
+There is no standard definition for "specialty food".<ref name="Zhao preface"/>
 ==Specialty foods==
 [[File:Caviar and spoon.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Caviar]] has been described as a specialty food]]
 Foods that have been described as specialty foods include:
+* [[Anchovies|Alici]] from the Gulf of Trieste near [[Barcola]].<ref>Georges Desrues "Eine Lange Nacht am Meer", In: Triest - Servus Magazin (2020), p 73.</ref>
 * [[Artisanal food]]s.<ref>Hartman, Lauren R. (29 June 2015). Artisanal Foods Increase in Popularity. ''Food Procescsing.'' foodprocessing.com.</ref><ref>Pipkin, Whitney. (11 April 2016). Maybe this is how ‘artisanal’ foods can finally spread the wealth. Food. ''Washington Post.''</ref>
 * [[Caviar]].<ref name="Zhao1"/>
 * Cheese and [[artisan cheese]].<ref name="Prisco"/>
+* Craft beer.
 * [[Specialty coffee]] – sometimes referred to as artisanal coffee.<ref name="Ferdman"/>
 * High-quality [[chocolate]].<ref name="Szogyi"/>
-* [[Foie gras]].<ref name="Fox News 2015">{{cite news | title=Demand for foie gras soaring in California after ban lifted | website=Fox News | date=January 21, 2015  | url=http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2015/01/21/demand-for-foie-gras-soaring-in-california-after-ban-lifted/ | accessdate=March 3, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Moore 2015">{{cite web | last=Moore | first=Derek | title=Courts overturn foie gras ban | website=Petaluma Argus Courier | date=January 8, 2015  | url=http://www.petaluma360.com/news/3352644-181/courts-overturn-foie-gras-ban | accessdate=March 3, 2015}}</ref>
+* [[Foie gras]].<ref name="Fox News 2015">{{cite news | title=Demand for foie gras soaring in California after ban lifted | website=Fox News | date=January 21, 2015  | url=http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2015/01/21/demand-for-foie-gras-soaring-in-california-after-ban-lifted/ | archive-url=https://archive.today/20150308141907/http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2015/01/21/demand-for-foie-gras-soaring-in-california-after-ban-lifted/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=March 8, 2015 | access-date=March 3, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Moore 2015">{{cite web | last=Moore | first=Derek | title=Courts overturn foie gras ban | website=Petaluma Argus Courier | date=January 8, 2015  | url=http://www.petaluma360.com/news/3352644-181/courts-overturn-foie-gras-ban | access-date=March 3, 2015}}</ref>
+* [[Jamón ibérico|Iberico]], [[Jamón serrano|Serrano]], and other artisanal [[dry-cured ham]].
-* [[Morchella|Morel]] mushrooms.<ref name="Holusha"/>
+* [[Morchella|Morels]], [[chanterelle]]s, [[matsutake]] and other rare [[mushrooms]].<ref name="Holusha"/>
 * [[Mostarda]].<ref name="Small"/>
 * Gourmet [[pet food]]s.<ref name="McGrath & MacMillan"/>
 * [[Edible seaweed]].<ref name="Harris"/>
 * [[Stinky tofu]] ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: ''chòu dòufu'') – has been described as a local specialty food in the [[Old City of Shanghai]].<ref name="Frommers"/>
-* [[Truffle]]s.<ref name="Farnham">{{cite web | author=Farnham, Alan | title=Celebrity Chefs Buying Truffles to Tune of $30K a Day | website=ABC News | date=March 25, 2014 | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Business/truffle-dealer-sells-30k-day-peak-season/story?id=23040654 | accessdate=March 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Vasarri 2014">{{cite news | last=Vasarri | first=Chiara | title=Truffle Boom Brings La Dolce Vita Amid Italy Economic Slump | website=Bloomberg.com | date=October 21, 2014 | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-10-21/truffle-boom-brings-la-dolce-vita-amid-italy-s-economic-slump | accessdate=March 2, 2015}}</ref>
+* [[Truffle]]s.<ref name="Farnham">{{cite web | author=Farnham, Alan | title=Celebrity Chefs Buying Truffles to Tune of $30K a Day | website=ABC News | date=March 25, 2014 | url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/truffle-dealer-sells-30k-day-peak-season/story?id=23040654 | access-date=March 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Vasarri 2014">{{cite news | last=Vasarri | first=Chiara | title=Truffle Boom Brings La Dolce Vita Amid Italy Economic Slump | website=Bloomberg.com | date=October 21, 2014 | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-10-21/truffle-boom-brings-la-dolce-vita-amid-italy-s-economic-slump | access-date=March 2, 2015}}</ref>
-* [[Truffle oil]].<ref name="Farnham"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://robbreport.com/robb-vices/truth-about-truffle-oil | title=The Truth About Truffle Oil | publisher=Robb Report | date=November 6, 2014 | accessdate=2 March 2015 | author=Tolson, Shaun}}</ref>
+* [[Truffle oil]].<ref name="Farnham"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://robbreport.com/robb-vices/truth-about-truffle-oil | title=The Truth About Truffle Oil | publisher=Robb Report | date=November 6, 2014 | access-date=2 March 2015 | author=Tolson, Shaun}}</ref>
-* [[Cheese analogue|Vegan cheese]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.specialtyfood.com/news/article/heidi-ho-organics-preps-national-growth/ | title=Vegan Cheese Company Prepares for National Expansion After $125K "Shark Tank" Investment | publisher=Specialty Food Association | date=February 27, 2015 | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref>
-* [[Taboo food and drink]] is also a good way to find "other" speciality foods.
 <gallery caption="" widths="190px" heights="160px">
@@ Line 33: / Line 36: @@
 Some specialty foods may be [[Ethnic group|ethnic]] specialties.<ref name="Halter"/>
-Foods that have been described as specialty foods as per not precisely corresponding into other food categories include:
+Foods that have been described as specialty foods as per not precisely corresponding to other food categories include:
 [[File:Umebosi Doyobosi.jpg|thumb|[[Umeboshi]]  being dried in the sun]]
@@ Line 44: / Line 47: @@
 <gallery caption="" widths="190px" heights="160px">
-File:Corbiculette congelate.JPG|Frozen [[bee pollen]], a human food supplement
+File:Corbiculette congelate.JPG|Frozen [[bee pollen]], a human [[food supplement]]
 File:KOCIS Kimchi (4553316599).jpg|[[Kimchi]]
 File:Olives au marché d'Apt.jpg|Various [[olive]]s
@@ Line 54: / Line 57: @@
 ===United States===
-In the United States, specialty foods and their purveyors are regulated by both federal and state agencies.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://necfe.foodscience.cals.cornell.edu/regulations | title=Resources | publisher=Northeast Center for Food Entrepreneurship, [[Cornell University]] | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref>
+In the United States, specialty foods and their purveyors are regulated by both federal and state agencies.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://necfe.foodscience.cals.cornell.edu/regulations | title=Resources | publisher=Northeast Center for Food Entrepreneurship, [[Cornell University]] | access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref>
-The Specialty Food Association's annual "State of the Specialty Food Industry 2014" report stated that in 2013 in the U.S., specialty foods and beverages sales totaled $88.3 billion, accounted for an increase of 18.4% since 2011, and was a record high for the fourth consecutive year.<ref name="SSFI2014">{{cite web | url=https://www.specialtyfood.com/news/article/state-industry-14/ | title=The State of the Specialty Food Industry 2014 | publisher=Specialty Food Association | date=October 27, 2014 | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.frozenfoodsbiz.com/baked-goods-desserts/50-baked-goods-desserts/370-frozen-dessert-sales-up-28-in-us-specialty-food-market | title=Frozen Dessert Sales Up 28% in US Specialty Food Market | publisher=Frozen Foods Biz | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref> The report also stated that around 80% of specialty food sales occur at the [[retail]] level, and that seven out of ten specialty food retailers reported that the word "local" had the most importance as a product claim.<ref name="SSFI2014"/>
+The [[Specialty Food Association]]'s annual "State of the Specialty Food Industry 2014" report stated that in 2013 in the U.S., specialty foods and beverages sales totaled $88.3 billion, accounted for an increase of 18.4% since 2011, and was a record high for the fourth consecutive year.<ref name="SSFI2014">{{cite web | url=https://www.specialtyfood.com/news/article/state-industry-14/ | title=The State of the Specialty Food Industry 2014 | publisher=Specialty Food Association | date=October 27, 2014 | access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.frozenfoodsbiz.com/baked-goods-desserts/50-baked-goods-desserts/370-frozen-dessert-sales-up-28-in-us-specialty-food-market | title=Frozen Dessert Sales Up 28% in US Specialty Food Market | publisher=Frozen Foods Biz | access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> The report also stated that around 80% of specialty food sales occur at the [[retail]] level, and that seven out of ten specialty food retailers reported that the word "local" had the most importance as a product claim.<ref name="SSFI2014"/>
 ====Bean-to-bar chocolate manufacturers====
-As of March 2015 in the United States, the number of bean-to-bar chocolate manufacturers (companies that process cocoa beans into a product in-house, rather than melting chocolate from another manufacturer) had increased to at least 60.<ref name="Pierson"/> The Fine Chocolate Industry Association stated that this represented "a tenfold increase in the past decade that's outpacing growth in Europe".<ref name="Pierson"/><ref name="SFA1"/>
+As of March 2015 in the United States, the number of [[bean-to-bar]] chocolate manufacturers (companies that process cocoa beans into a product in-house, rather than melting chocolate from another manufacturer) had increased to at least 60.<ref name="Pierson"/> The [https://www.finechocolateindustry.org/ Fine Chocolate Industry Association] (FCIA) stated that this represented "a tenfold increase in the past decade that's outpacing growth in Europe".<ref name="Pierson"/><ref name="SFA1"/> In April 2020, the FCIA launched the campaign website [https://www.makeminefine.com/ Make Mine Fine] in order to support small scale farmers who rely on cocoa for their livelihoods in tropical countries and highlight the work of chocolate manufacturers who buy their beans.
 ====California====
 In 2012 in the United States, the specialty foods market sector was experiencing significant growth, with its annual growth rate at 8–10%.<ref name="Zhao preface"/> In 2010, specialty foods comprised 13.1% of total retail food sales and totaled $55.9 billion in sales.<ref name="Zhao preface"/>
-In 2010 in Oakland, California it was reported that abandoned industrial spaces previously occupied by large food producers were being inhabited by small specialty food companies.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://oaklandnorth.net/2010/12/13/small-specialty-food-companies-moving-ito-oaklands-factory-spaces/ | title=Small specialty food companies moving into Oakland's factory spaces | work=Oakland North | date=December 13, 2010 | accessdate=2 March 2015 | author=Jou, Diana}}</ref>
+In 2010 in Oakland, California, it was reported that abandoned industrial spaces previously occupied by large food producers were being inhabited by small specialty food companies.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://oaklandnorth.net/2010/12/13/small-specialty-food-companies-moving-ito-oaklands-factory-spaces/ | title=Small specialty food companies moving into Oakland's factory spaces | work=Oakland North | date=December 13, 2010 | access-date=2 March 2015 | author=Jou, Diana}}</ref>
 In 1998, the U.S. state of California had the second-highest amount of specialty and gourmet foods of all U.S. states.<ref name="Shortridge & Shortridge"/> This has been attributed as possible due a diverse variety of unique fruits and vegetables that can be grown in Southern California.<ref name="Shortridge & Shortridge"/> Another possibility for the high quantity and diversity of specialty foods in California is that food innovations often occur in the state, as has occurred in other sectors such as [[health food]] and [[Organic food|organic]] produce.<ref name="Shortridge & Shortridge"/>
-In 1991, the ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that city officials in Monterey Park, Los Angeles County, California suspected that significant numbers of non-residents were visiting the city to shop at  [[Asian supermarket|Asian markets]] there to obtain specialty foods.<ref name="Los Angeles Times Articles 1991">{{cite news | title=A Passion for Asian Foods :  Markets: City officials suspect that many non-residents flock to Monterey Park for its specialty food stores. One developer is banking on it. | website=Los Angeles Times Articles | date=June 6, 1991  | url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-06-06/news/hd-352_1_monterey-park | accessdate=March 2, 2015 | first=Randye | last=Hoder}}</ref>
+In 1991, the ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that city officials in Monterey Park, Los Angeles County, California, suspected that significant numbers of non-residents were visiting the city to shop at [[Asian supermarket|Asian markets]] there to obtain specialty foods.<ref name="Los Angeles Times Articles 1991">{{cite news | title=A Passion for Asian Foods : Markets: City officials suspect that many non-residents flock to Monterey Park for its specialty food stores. One developer is banking on it. | website=Los Angeles Times Articles | date=June 6, 1991  | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-06-hd-352-story.html | access-date=March 2, 2015 | first=Randye | last=Hoder}}</ref>
 ====Vermont====
@@ Line 84: / Line 87: @@
 ==Organizations==
 ===United States===
+====National Association for the Specialty Food Trade====
+Also known as the [[Specialty Food Association]], it is a non-profit trade association founded in 1952 in New York that has over 3,000 members.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.specialtyfood.com/specialty-food-association/about-us/ | title=Who we are | publisher=Specialty Food Association | access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> The organization also oversees its Specialty Food Foundation, a foundation that "works to reduce hunger and increase food recovery efforts via grantmaking, education and industry events".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://foodshift.net/in-the-media/specialty-food-foundation-announces-grants-14-anti-hunger-programs/ | title=Specialty Food Foundation Announces Grants to 14 Anti-Hunger Programs | publisher=Food Shift | date=December 17, 2014 | access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref>
 ====Connecticut====
-* Connecticut Food Association – has a specialty food division<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ctfoodassociation.org/ | title=Connecticut Food Association | publisher=Connecticut Food Association | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref>
+* Connecticut Food Association – has a specialty food division<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ctfoodassociation.org/ | title=Connecticut Food Association | publisher=Connecticut Food Association | access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref>
-* Connecticut Specialty Food Association<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ctspecialtyfood.org/ | title=Connecticut Specialty Food Association | publisher=Connecticut Specialty Food Association | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref>
+* Connecticut Specialty Food Association<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ctspecialtyfood.org/ | title=Connecticut Specialty Food Association | publisher=Connecticut Specialty Food Association | access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref>
 ====Massachusetts====
-* Massachusetts Specialty Foods Association<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.msfa.net/ | title=Massachusetts Specialty Foods Association | publisher=Massachusetts Specialty Foods Association | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref>
+* Massachusetts Specialty Foods Association<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.msfa.net/ | title=Massachusetts Specialty Foods Association | publisher=Massachusetts Specialty Foods Association | access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref>
 ====Michigan====
-* Traverse Bay Specialty Foods<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.traversebayfarms.com/ | title=Traverse Bay Specialty Foods | publisher= Traverse Bay Specialty Foods | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref>
+* Traverse Bay Specialty Foods<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.traversebayfarms.com/ | title=Traverse Bay Specialty Foods | publisher= Traverse Bay Specialty Foods | access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref>
 ====New York====
-The National Association for the Specialty Food Trade, also known as the [[Specialty Food Association]] is a non-profit trade association founded in 1952 in New York that has over 3,000 members.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.specialtyfood.com/specialty-food-association/about-us/ | title=Who we are | publisher=Specialty Food Association | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref> The organization also oversees its Specialty Food Foundation, a foundation that "works to reduce hunger and increase food recovery efforts via grantmaking, education and industry events".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://foodshift.net/in-the-media/specialty-food-foundation-announces-grants-14-anti-hunger-programs/ | title=Specialty Food Foundation Announces Grants to 14 Anti-Hunger Programs | publisher=Food Shift | date=December 17, 2014 | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref>
 In New York's Finger Lakes region, the Worker Ownership Resource Center established the Specialty Food Network.<ref name="Markley & Hilchey"/> The network was established to "help clients start or expand small food businesses" and to promote the businesses and products of its members.<ref name="Markley & Hilchey"/> Establishment of the network was enabled in part with a grant from the John Merck Fund.<ref name="Markley & Hilchey"/> In 1998, the network had 46 members.<ref name="Markley & Hilchey"/>
 ====South Carolina====
-* South Carolina Specialty Food Association<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.scsfa.org/ | title=South Carolina Specialty Food Association | publisher=South Carolina Specialty Food Association | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref>
+* South Carolina Specialty Food Association<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.scsfa.org/ | title=South Carolina Specialty Food Association | publisher=South Carolina Specialty Food Association | access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref>
 ====Vermont====
-* Vermont Specialty Food Association<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.vermontspecialtyfoods.org/ | title=Vermont Specialty Food Association | publisher=Vermont Specialty Food Association | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref>
+* Vermont Specialty Food Association<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.vermontspecialtyfoods.org/ | title=Vermont Specialty Food Association | publisher=Vermont Specialty Food Association | access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 110: / Line 115: @@
 * [[Artisan]]
 * [[Delicacy]]
-** [[Delicacy#Delicacies|List of delicacies]]
+** [[Delicacy#Risks And Harm Associated with Delicacies|List of delicacies]]
 * [[Delicatessen]]
 * [[Foodie]]
@@ Line 116: / Line 121: @@
 * [[Gourmet]]
 * [[Health food store]]
+* [[Jewish deli]]
 * [[List of bean-to-bar chocolate manufacturers]]
 * [[National dish]]
@@ Line 128: / Line 134: @@
 <ref name="Zhao preface">Zhao 2012, p. vii</ref>
 <ref name="Zhao1">Zhao 2012, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ImXyBhurm60C&pg=PA298 p. 298].</ref>
-<ref name="Hall">{{cite book | last=Hall | first=S. | title=From Kitchen to Market: Selling Your Gourmet Food Specialty | publisher=Kaplan Publishing | series=From Kitchen to Market: Selling Your Gourmet Food Specialty Series | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-7931-9997-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HOjtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22specialty+foods%22&dq=%22specialty+foods%22}}</ref>
+<ref name="Hall">{{cite book | last=Hall | first=S. | title=From Kitchen to Market: Selling Your Gourmet Food Specialty | publisher=Kaplan Publishing | series=From Kitchen to Market: Selling Your Gourmet Food Specialty Series | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-7931-9997-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HOjtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22specialty+foods%22}}</ref>
 <ref name="Bowden1">Bowden 2007, p. 222.</ref>
-<ref name="Wemischner & Karp">{{cite book | last=Wemischner | first=R. | last2=Karp | first2=K. | title=Gourmet to go: a guide to opening and operating a speciality food store | publisher=John Wiley | year=1997 | isbn=978-0-471-13939-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZrvAAAAMAAJ&q=specialty+food+store&dq=specialty+food+store}}</ref>
+<ref name="Wemischner & Karp">{{cite book | last1=Wemischner | first1=R. | last2=Karp | first2=K. | title=Gourmet to go: a guide to opening and operating a speciality food store | publisher=John Wiley | year=1997 | isbn=978-0-471-13939-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZrvAAAAMAAJ&q=specialty+food+store}}</ref>
 <ref name="Pegler">{{cite book | last=Pegler | first=M.M. | title=Specialty Food Store Design | publisher=Visual Reference Publications | year=1999 | isbn=978-0-934590-77-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LsdmQgAACAAJ}}</ref>
-<ref name="Dahlen">{{cite book | last=Dahlen | first=M. | title=A Cook's Guide to Chinese Vegetables | publisher=askmar publishing | year=2010 | isbn=978-1-935842-03-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tBNIGEgNKgC&pg=PT4| page=}}</ref>
+<ref name="Dahlen">{{cite book | last=Dahlen | first=M. | title=A Cook's Guide to Chinese Vegetables | publisher=askmar publishing | year=2010 | isbn=978-1-935842-03-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tBNIGEgNKgC&pg=PT4}}</ref>
 <ref name="Halter">{{cite book | last=Halter | first=M. | title=Shopping for Identity: The Marketing of Ethnicity | publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group | year=2007 | isbn=978-0-307-42770-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gg9TFbaFQEkC&pg=PA110 | page=110}}</ref>
 <ref name="Frommers">{{cite book | last=Owyang | first=S. | title=Frommer's Shanghai | publisher=Wiley | series=Frommer's Complete Guides | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-470-43794-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_zMVzcQcTz4C&pg=PA216|page=216}}</ref>
 <ref name="Newman">{{cite book | last=Newman | first=J.M. | title=Food Culture in China | publisher=Greenwood Press | series=Food culture around the world | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-313-32581-6 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jt6u8RZw51cC&pg=PR12 | page=xii}}</ref>
-<ref name="Shortridge & Shortridge">{{cite book | last=Shortridge | first=B.G. | last2=Shortridge | first2=J.R. | title=The Taste of American Place: A Reader on Regional and Ethnic Foods | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield | year=1998 | isbn=978-0-8476-8507-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsDW7DHknCQC&pg=PA108 | page=108}}</ref>
+<ref name="Shortridge & Shortridge">{{cite book | last1=Shortridge | first1=B.G. | last2=Shortridge | first2=J.R. | title=The Taste of American Place: A Reader on Regional and Ethnic Foods | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield | year=1998 | isbn=978-0-8476-8507-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsDW7DHknCQC&pg=PA108 | page=108}}</ref>
-<ref name="McGrath & MacMillan">{{cite book | last=McGrath | first=R.G. | last2=MacMillan | first2=I.C. | title=The Entrepreneurial Mindset: Strategies for Continuously Creating Opportunity in an Age of Uncertainty | publisher=Harvard Business School Press | series=Working paper series (Snider Entrepreneurial Center) | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-87584-834-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=we7-hg9YGbgC&pg=PA213 | page=213}}</ref>
+<ref name="McGrath & MacMillan">{{cite book | last1=McGrath | first1=R.G. | last2=MacMillan | first2=I.C. | title=The Entrepreneurial Mindset: Strategies for Continuously Creating Opportunity in an Age of Uncertainty | publisher=Harvard Business School Press | series=Working paper series (Snider Entrepreneurial Center) | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-87584-834-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=we7-hg9YGbgC&pg=PA213 | page=213}}</ref>
-<ref name="Szogyi">{{cite book | last=Szogyi | first=Alex (editor) |year=1997| title=Chocolate: Food of the Gods | publisher=Greenwood Press |series=Issue 14 of Contributions in intercultural and comparative studies (ISSN 0147-1031)| isbn=978-0-313-30506-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C2LX4Zekxl8C&pg=PA137| page=137}}</ref>
+<ref name="Szogyi">{{cite book | editor-last=Szogyi | editor-first=Alex |year=1997| title=Chocolate: Food of the Gods | publisher=Greenwood Press |series=Issue 14 of Contributions in intercultural and comparative studies (ISSN 0147-1031)| isbn=978-0-313-30506-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C2LX4Zekxl8C&pg=PA137| page=137}}</ref>
 <ref name="Fromartz">{{cite book | last=Fromartz | first=S. | title=Organic, Inc.: Natural Foods and How They Grew | publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt | year=2007 | isbn=978-0-547-41600-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0upePAioevgC&pg=PT18 }}</ref>
-<ref name="Small">{{cite book | last=Small | first=E. | last2=Canada | first2=National Research Council | title=Top 100 Food Plants | publisher=NRC Research Press | year=2009 | isbn=978-0-660-19858-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyWY_YkV7qAC&pg=PA346 | page=346}} Quote: " In Italy, it (mostarda) is sold by the barrel, while in other Western countries mostarda is generally marketed as a gourmet item in specialty food stores"</ref>
+<ref name="Small">{{cite book | last1=Small | first1=E. | last2=Canada | first2=National Research Council | title=Top 100 Food Plants | publisher=NRC Research Press | year=2009 | isbn=978-0-660-19858-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyWY_YkV7qAC&pg=PA346 | page=346}} Quote: " In Italy, it (mostarda) is sold by the barrel, while in other Western countries mostarda is generally marketed as a gourmet item in specialty food stores"</ref>
-<ref name="Markley & Hilchey">{{cite book | last=Markley | first=K. | last2=Hilchey | first2=D. | last3=Program | first3=Cornell Farming Alternatives | title=Adding Value for Sustainability: A Guidebook for Cooperative Extension Agents and Other Agricultural Professionals | publisher=Farming Alternatives Program | series=Community agriculture development series | year=1998 | isbn=978-0-7881-8993-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJTNKY5wfd8C&pg=PA55 | pages=55&ndash;58}}</ref>
+<ref name="Markley & Hilchey">{{cite book | last1=Markley | first1=K. | last2=Hilchey | first2=D. | last3=Program | first3=Cornell Farming Alternatives | title=Adding Value for Sustainability: A Guidebook for Cooperative Extension Agents and Other Agricultural Professionals | publisher=Farming Alternatives Program | series=Community agriculture development series | year=1998 | isbn=978-0-7881-8993-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dJTNKY5wfd8C&pg=PA55 | pages=55&ndash;58}}</ref>
-<ref name="Denver Business Journal">{{cite news | title=Centennial Specialty Foods loses nearly 800K | website=Denver Business Journal | date=March 31, 2005  | url=http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2005/03/28/daily38.html | accessdate=March 1, 2015}}</ref>
+<ref name="Denver Business Journal">{{cite news | title=Centennial Specialty Foods loses nearly 800K | website=Denver Business Journal | date=March 31, 2005  | url=http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2005/03/28/daily38.html | access-date=March 1, 2015}}</ref>
-<ref name="Denver Business Journal 1">{{cite news | title=Boulder Specialty closes IPO | website=Denver Business Journal | date=December 22, 2005  | url=http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2005/12/19/daily44.html?page=all | accessdate=March 1, 2015}}</ref>
+<ref name="Denver Business Journal 1">{{cite news | title=Boulder Specialty closes IPO | website=Denver Business Journal | date=December 22, 2005  | url=http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2005/12/19/daily44.html?page=all | access-date=March 1, 2015}}</ref>
-<ref name="Denver Business Journal2">{{cite news | title=Centennial Specialty being delisted | website=Denver Business Journal | date=October 25, 2005  | url=http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2005/10/24/daily39.html | accessdate=March 1, 2015}}</ref>
+<ref name="Denver Business Journal2">{{cite news | title=Centennial Specialty being delisted | website=Denver Business Journal | date=October 25, 2005  | url=http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2005/10/24/daily39.html | access-date=March 1, 2015}}</ref>
-<ref name="SFA1">{{cite web | url=https://www.specialtyfood.com/news/article/artisanal-chocolate-grows-steadily/ | title=Niche Bean-to-Bar Chocolate Production Shows Rapid Growth | publisher=Specialty Food Association | date=March 2, 2015 | accessdate=2 March 2015}}</ref>
+<ref name="SFA1">{{cite web | url=https://www.specialtyfood.com/news/article/artisanal-chocolate-grows-steadily/ | title=Niche Bean-to-Bar Chocolate Production Shows Rapid Growth | publisher=Specialty Food Association | date=March 2, 2015 | access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref>
-<ref name="Pierson">{{cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-artisan-chocolate-20150228-story.html#page=1 | title=Artisanal, hand-crafted chocolate is a growing niche | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=February 28, 2015 | accessdate=2 March 2015 | author=Pierson, David}}</ref>
+<ref name="Pierson">{{cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-artisan-chocolate-20150228-story.html#page=1 | title=Artisanal, hand-crafted chocolate is a growing niche | work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=February 28, 2015 | access-date=2 March 2015 | author=Pierson, David}}</ref>
-<ref name="Prisco">{{cite web | author=Prisco, Joanna | title=Americans Hungry for Funky, Innovative Cheeses | website=[[ABC News]] | date=October 2, 2013  | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/cheese-americans-hungry-specialty-slices/story?id=20438304 | accessdate=March 2, 2015}}</ref>
+<ref name="Prisco">{{cite web | author=Prisco, Joanna | title=Americans Hungry for Funky, Innovative Cheeses | website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] | date=October 2, 2013  | url=https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/cheese-americans-hungry-specialty-slices/story?id=20438304 | access-date=March 2, 2015}}</ref>
-<ref name="Ferdman">{{cite news | title=It’s true: Americans like to drink bad coffee | author=Ferdman, Roberto A.|website=[[Washington Post]] | date=February 24, 2015  | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2015/02/24/its-true-americans-like-to-drink-bad-coffee/ | accessdate=March 2, 2015}}</ref>
+<ref name="Ferdman">{{cite news | title=It's true: Americans like to drink bad coffee | author=Ferdman, Roberto A.|newspaper=[[Washington Post]] | date=February 24, 2015  | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2015/02/24/its-true-americans-like-to-drink-bad-coffee/ | access-date=March 2, 2015}}</ref>
-<ref name="PRN">{{cite web| title=Innovative Food Holdings Launches Retail-Focused Specialty and Organic Food Offering, Acquires Organic Food Brokers, LLC | website=PR Newswire | date=October 1, 2014  | url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/innovative-food-holdings-launches-retail-focused-specialty-and-organic-food-offering-acquires-organic-food-brokers-llc-277807081.html | accessdate=March 2, 2015}}</ref>
+<ref name="PRN">{{cite web| title=Innovative Food Holdings Launches Retail-Focused Specialty and Organic Food Offering, Acquires Organic Food Brokers, LLC | website=PR Newswire | date=October 1, 2014  | url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/innovative-food-holdings-launches-retail-focused-specialty-and-organic-food-offering-acquires-organic-food-brokers-llc-277807081.html | access-date=March 2, 2015}}</ref>
-<ref name="Holusha">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/11/style/laboratory-morels-bloom.html | title=Laboratory Morels 'Bloom' | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=July 11, 1986 | accessdate=2 March 2015 | author=Holusha, John}}</ref>
+<ref name="Holusha">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/11/style/laboratory-morels-bloom.html | title=Laboratory Morels 'Bloom' | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=July 11, 1986 | access-date=2 March 2015 | author=Holusha, John}}</ref>
-<ref name="Harris">{{cite web | last=Harris | first=Richard | title=How To Clean Up Fish Farms And Raise More Seafood At The Same Time | publisher=[[NPR]]| date=June 10, 2013 | url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/06/10/188431577/how-to-clean-up-fish-farms-and-raise-more-seafood-at-the-same-time | accessdate=March 2, 2015}}</ref>
+<ref name="Harris">{{cite web | last=Harris | first=Richard | title=How To Clean Up Fish Farms And Raise More Seafood At The Same Time | publisher=[[NPR]]| date=June 10, 2013 | url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/06/10/188431577/how-to-clean-up-fish-farms-and-raise-more-seafood-at-the-same-time | access-date=March 2, 2015}}</ref>
 }}
 ==Bibliography==
-* {{cite book | last=Zhao | first=Y. | title=Specialty Foods: Processing Technology, Quality, and Safety | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Science & food technology | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-4398-5423-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImXyBhurm60C&printsec=frontcover}}
+* {{cite book | last=Zhao | first=Y. | title=Specialty Foods: Processing Technology, Quality, and Safety | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Science & food technology | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-4398-5423-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImXyBhurm60C}}
-*{{cite book | last=Bowden | first=J. | title=The 150 Healthiest Foods on Earth: The Surprising, Unbiased Truth about What You Should Eat and Why | publisher=Fair Winds Press | year=2007 | isbn=978-1-61673-416-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=14ENix5RzMgC&pg=PA221|pages=221&ndash;240}}
+*{{cite book | last=Bowden | first=J. | title=The 150 Healthiest Foods on Earth: The Surprising, Unbiased Truth about What You Should Eat and Why | publisher=Fair Winds Press | year=2007 | isbn=978-1-61673-416-9 | url=https://archive.org/details/150healthiestfoo0000bowd| url-access=registration |pages=[https://archive.org/details/150healthiestfoo0000bowd/page/221 221]&ndash;240}}
 ==Further reading==
@@ Line 162: / Line 168: @@
 [[Category:Food and drink appreciation]]
-[[Category:Food products]]
+[[Category:Foods by type]]