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[[File:საყდრისი.jpg|thumb|Part of the Sakdrisi site.]] |
[[File:საყდრისი.jpg|thumb|Part of the Sakdrisi site.]] |
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[[File:Simon Janashia Museum of Georgia 114.jpg|thumb|Bone and antler tools from Sakdrisi in [[Simon Janashia Museum of Georgia]]]] |
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[[File:დაიცავი საყდრისი.jpg|thumb|"Save Sakdrisi" protest in Tbilisi.]] |
[[File:დაიცავი საყდრისი.jpg|thumb|"Save Sakdrisi" protest in Tbilisi.]] |
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'''Sakdrisi''' ({{lang-ka|საყდრისი}}), also known as the '''Sakdrisi-Kachagiani''' site (საყდრისი-ყაჩაღიანი), is a [[gold mine]] and an [[archaeological site]], containing a prehistoric mine, in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], in the south of the country's [[Kvemo Kartli]] region, located between the [[Neolithic]] site of [[Arukhlo]] and the [[Paleolithic]] site of [[Dmanisi]].<ref name=dvarch>{{cite web|last=Parzinger|first=Hermann|title=Position to Sakdrisi Gold Mining Complex|url=http://www.dvarch.de/rep_docs/DVA_000010_2013_Stellungnahme_Sakdrisi.pdf|publisher=Deutscher Verband für Archäologie|accessdate=24 May 2014|date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Hauptmann|first=Andreas|author2=Klein, Sabine |title=Bronze Age gold in Southern Georgia|journal=ArcheoSciences|year=2009|volume=33|pages=75–82|url=http://archeosciences.revues.org/2037?lang=en}}</ref> |
'''Sakdrisi''' ({{lang-ka|საყდრისი}}), also known as the '''Sakdrisi-Kachagiani''' site (საყდრისი-ყაჩაღიანი), is a [[gold mine]] and an [[archaeological site]], containing a prehistoric mine, in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], in the south of the country's [[Kvemo Kartli]] region, located between the [[Neolithic]] site of [[Arukhlo]] and the [[Paleolithic]] site of [[Dmanisi]].<ref name=dvarch>{{cite web|last=Parzinger|first=Hermann|title=Position to Sakdrisi Gold Mining Complex|url=http://www.dvarch.de/rep_docs/DVA_000010_2013_Stellungnahme_Sakdrisi.pdf|publisher=Deutscher Verband für Archäologie|accessdate=24 May 2014|date=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Hauptmann|first=Andreas|author2=Klein, Sabine |title=Bronze Age gold in Southern Georgia|journal=ArcheoSciences|year=2009|volume=33|pages=75–82|url=http://archeosciences.revues.org/2037?lang=en}}</ref> |
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From 2004 to 2011, a group of Georgian and German scientists carried out large-scale investigations and dated the site to the early 3rd millennium BC or to the second half of the 4th millennium, suggesting that Sakdrisi might be one of the world's oldest known gold mines.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salt, copper, gold: Early mining in the Caucasus|url=http://www.bergbaumuseum.de/index.php/en/research/projects/early-mining-landscapes/salt-copper-gold|publisher=[[German Mining Museum|Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum]]|accessdate=24 May 2014}}</ref> In 2013, the government of Georgia deprived the site of a [[cultural monument]] status, which had been conferred on it in 2006, and gave permission to the mining company [[JSC RMG Copper|RMG]] to extract gold in the wider area where Sakdrisi is located, sparking protests from academics and preservationists.<ref name=dvarch/><ref>{{cite news|title=International delegates assess controversial mining at Sakdrisi gold mine|url=http://agenda.ge/news/13070/eng|accessdate=24 May 2014|date=27 April 2014|agency=Agenda.ge}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rimple|first=Paul|title=Georgia: What's Worth More — Gold or Knowledge about Human Origins?|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/node/68128|accessdate=24 May 2014|newspaper=EurasiaNet's Weekly Digest|date=11 March 2014|agency=EurasiaNet}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Statement of EaP Civil Society Forum Georgian National Platform|url=http://www.osgf.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=15&info_id=3640|publisher=[[Open Society Foundations|Open Society Georgia Foundation]]|accessdate=24 May 2014|date=February 2014}}</ref> RMG launched its works until December 2014, leading to more protests from the political opposition parties and preservationists. It was also condemned by the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] and disapproved by [[President of Georgia|President]] [[Giorgi Margvelashvili]], but defended by [[Prime Minister of Georgia|Prime Minister]] [[Irakli Garibashvili]]. On 25 December 2014, the [[Parliament of Georgia]] approved a proposal to establish an ad hoc investigative parliamentary commission to probe into the developments around Sakdrisi,<ref>{{cite news|title=Parliamentary Probe into Sakdrisi Endorsed|url=http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=27938|accessdate=30 December 2014|agency=Civil Georgia|date=25 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rimple|first1=Paul|title=Georgia: Russian-Owned Gold Company Restarts Work at Archaeological Site|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/node/71391|accessdate=30 December 2014|work=Eurasianet.org|date=16 December 2014}}</ref> but, on 4 March 2015, the ruling [[Georgian Dream]] coalition blocked the probe by refusing to vote for a composition of the commission.<ref>{{cite news|title=GD Blocks Parliamentary Probe into Sakdrisi|url=http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=28102|accessdate=4 March 2015|work=Civil Georgia|date=4 March 2015}}</ref> |
From 2004 to 2011, a group of Georgian and German scientists carried out large-scale investigations and dated the site to the early 3rd millennium BC or to the second half of the 4th millennium, suggesting that Sakdrisi might be one of the world's oldest known gold mines.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salt, copper, gold: Early mining in the Caucasus|url=http://www.bergbaumuseum.de/index.php/en/research/projects/early-mining-landscapes/salt-copper-gold|publisher=[[German Mining Museum|Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum]]|accessdate=24 May 2014}}</ref> In 2013, the government of Georgia deprived the site of a [[cultural monument]] status, which had been conferred on it in 2006, and gave permission to the mining company [[JSC RMG Copper|RMG]] to extract gold in the wider area where Sakdrisi is located, sparking protests from academics and preservationists.<ref name=dvarch/><ref>{{cite news|title=International delegates assess controversial mining at Sakdrisi gold mine|url=http://agenda.ge/news/13070/eng|accessdate=24 May 2014|date=27 April 2014|agency=Agenda.ge}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Rimple|first=Paul|title=Georgia: What's Worth More — Gold or Knowledge about Human Origins?|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/node/68128|accessdate=24 May 2014|newspaper=EurasiaNet's Weekly Digest|date=11 March 2014|agency=EurasiaNet}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Statement of EaP Civil Society Forum Georgian National Platform|url=http://www.osgf.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=15&info_id=3640|publisher=[[Open Society Foundations|Open Society Georgia Foundation]]|accessdate=24 May 2014|date=February 2014}}</ref> RMG launched its works until December 2014, leading to more protests from the political opposition parties and preservationists. It was also condemned by the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] and disapproved by [[President of Georgia|President]] [[Giorgi Margvelashvili]], but defended by [[Prime Minister of Georgia|Prime Minister]] [[Irakli Garibashvili]]. On 25 December 2014, the [[Parliament of Georgia]] approved a proposal to establish an ad hoc investigative parliamentary commission to probe into the developments around Sakdrisi,<ref>{{cite news|title=Parliamentary Probe into Sakdrisi Endorsed|url=http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=27938|accessdate=30 December 2014|agency=Civil Georgia|date=25 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rimple|first1=Paul|title=Georgia: Russian-Owned Gold Company Restarts Work at Archaeological Site|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/node/71391|accessdate=30 December 2014|work=Eurasianet.org|date=16 December 2014}}</ref> but, on 4 March 2015, the ruling [[Georgian Dream]] coalition blocked the probe by refusing to vote for a composition of the commission.<ref>{{cite news|title=GD Blocks Parliamentary Probe into Sakdrisi|url=http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=28102|accessdate=4 March 2015|work=Civil Georgia|date=4 March 2015}}</ref> |
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The archaeological findings from Sakdrisi now are displayed in the [[Bolnisi Museum]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Brand-new museum in Bolnisi town unveiled for International Museum Day |url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/1563 |access-date=31 May 2022 |agency=Agenda.GE |date=19 May 2020}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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== Further reading == |
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* Stöllner, Thomas; Gambaschidze, Irina; Hauptmann, Andreas; Mindiašvili, Giorgi; Gogočuri, Giorgi; Steffens, Gero (2010). "[https://www.bergbaumuseum.de/fileadmin/files/zoo/uploads/publikationen/stoellner-et-al-2010-georgien.pdf Goldbergbau in Südostgeorgien – Neue Forschungen zum frühbronzezeitlichen Bergbau in Georgien]" [Gold mining in south-east Georgia - New research on Early Bronze Age mining in Georgia]. In: Hansen, Svend, et al. (eds). ''Von Majkop bis Trialeti. Gewinnung und Verbreitung von Metallen und Obsidian in Kaukasien im 4.–2. Jt. v. Chr.'' Bonn: Habelt, {{ISBN|978-3-7749-3695-9}}, pp. 103–138. |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Prehistoric sites in Georgia (country)]] |
[[Category:Prehistoric sites in Georgia (country)]] |
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[[Category:Prehistoric mines]] |
[[Category:Prehistoric mines]] |
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[[Category:Political controversies in Georgia (country)]] |
[[Category:Political controversies in Georgia (country)]] |
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{{Georgia-geo-stub}} |
{{Georgia-geo-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 13:19, 8 December 2024
Sakdrisi (Georgian: საყდრისი), also known as the Sakdrisi-Kachagiani site (საყდრისი-ყაჩაღიანი), is a gold mine and an archaeological site, containing a prehistoric mine, in Georgia, in the south of the country's Kvemo Kartli region, located between the Neolithic site of Arukhlo and the Paleolithic site of Dmanisi.[1][2]
From 2004 to 2011, a group of Georgian and German scientists carried out large-scale investigations and dated the site to the early 3rd millennium BC or to the second half of the 4th millennium, suggesting that Sakdrisi might be one of the world's oldest known gold mines.[3] In 2013, the government of Georgia deprived the site of a cultural monument status, which had been conferred on it in 2006, and gave permission to the mining company RMG to extract gold in the wider area where Sakdrisi is located, sparking protests from academics and preservationists.[1][4][5][6] RMG launched its works until December 2014, leading to more protests from the political opposition parties and preservationists. It was also condemned by the Georgian Orthodox Church and disapproved by President Giorgi Margvelashvili, but defended by Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili. On 25 December 2014, the Parliament of Georgia approved a proposal to establish an ad hoc investigative parliamentary commission to probe into the developments around Sakdrisi,[7][8] but, on 4 March 2015, the ruling Georgian Dream coalition blocked the probe by refusing to vote for a composition of the commission.[9]
The archaeological findings from Sakdrisi now are displayed in the Bolnisi Museum.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Parzinger, Hermann (16 August 2013). "Position to Sakdrisi Gold Mining Complex" (PDF). Deutscher Verband für Archäologie. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ Hauptmann, Andreas; Klein, Sabine (2009). "Bronze Age gold in Southern Georgia". ArcheoSciences. 33: 75–82.
- ^ "Salt, copper, gold: Early mining in the Caucasus". Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ "International delegates assess controversial mining at Sakdrisi gold mine". Agenda.ge. 27 April 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ Rimple, Paul (11 March 2014). "Georgia: What's Worth More — Gold or Knowledge about Human Origins?". EurasiaNet's Weekly Digest. EurasiaNet. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ "The Statement of EaP Civil Society Forum Georgian National Platform". Open Society Georgia Foundation. February 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
- ^ "Parliamentary Probe into Sakdrisi Endorsed". Civil Georgia. 25 December 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ^ Rimple, Paul (16 December 2014). "Georgia: Russian-Owned Gold Company Restarts Work at Archaeological Site". Eurasianet.org. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ^ "GD Blocks Parliamentary Probe into Sakdrisi". Civil Georgia. 4 March 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ "Brand-new museum in Bolnisi town unveiled for International Museum Day". Agenda.GE. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
Further reading
[edit]- Stöllner, Thomas; Gambaschidze, Irina; Hauptmann, Andreas; Mindiašvili, Giorgi; Gogočuri, Giorgi; Steffens, Gero (2010). "Goldbergbau in Südostgeorgien – Neue Forschungen zum frühbronzezeitlichen Bergbau in Georgien" [Gold mining in south-east Georgia - New research on Early Bronze Age mining in Georgia]. In: Hansen, Svend, et al. (eds). Von Majkop bis Trialeti. Gewinnung und Verbreitung von Metallen und Obsidian in Kaukasien im 4.–2. Jt. v. Chr. Bonn: Habelt, ISBN 978-3-7749-3695-9, pp. 103–138.
41°23′12″N 44°23′37″E / 41.3866°N 44.3935°E
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