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The '''Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle''' in [[Bruck an der Mur]], [[Styria]], Austria, is a chapel named for the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]]. It was built in late-[[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style, originally dedicated to the [[Trinity (Christianity)|Trinity]], which explains its unusual triangular floorplan, with three similar walls, all with a portal. The building fell into disrepair in the 18th century and was used for several purposes such as a postmaster's stable, an inn and for housing, which changed the interior. Initiated by [[Philipp Harnoncourt]] in 2011, the building was restored to its original appearance, with new features where no trace of the original could be found. It is a unique listed historic monument of more than regional importance.
The '''Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle''' in [[Bruck an der Mur]], [[Styria]], [[Austria]], is a chapel named for the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]]. It was built in late-[[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style, originally dedicated to the [[Trinity]], which explains its unusual triangular floorplan, with three similar walls, all with a portal. The building fell into disrepair in the 18th century and was used for several purposes such as a postmaster's stable, an inn and for housing, which changed the interior. Initiated by [[Philipp Harnoncourt]] in 2011, the building was restored to its original appearance, with new features where no trace of the original could be found. It is a unique listed historic monument of more than regional importance.


== History ==
== History ==
[[File:Bruck IMG 5482.jpg|thumb|View from southwest in 2012]]
[[File:Bruck IMG 5482.jpg|thumb|View from southwest in 2012]]


The chapel was built in the 15th century, replacing a chapel from 1422 that belonged to a ''Pestspital'', a hospital for patients suffering from the [[Plague (disease)|plague]]. That building was badly damaged during the invasion by Turks in 1480. Four wealthy citizens including the Kornmesser, Pögl and Holzapfel families financed a new building.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" /><ref name="Bruck Geschichte" /> It was erected from 1495 and 1497 as a monument of thanks for the survival of plague, hunger and war.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" /> The donors were merchants who contributed to the flourishing of Bruck, located where important roads meet. Further donors whose names are mentioned in wall decoration belong to a younger generation. One inscription, dated 1504, mentions ''figura aura'', the golden ratio which govern proportions of the building.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" />{{rp|14}} Protocols dated from the 1540s confirm that the building was used for church services as a filial church of Bruck. In a protocol of 1617, Bishop Jakob Eberlein noted the triangle floor as unusual and demanded that the altars be returned to the [[apse]]s, to concur with the intentions of the first builders, and to ease listening to [[Mass (liturgy)|masses]] from outside.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" />{{rp|14}}
The chapel was built in the 15th century, replacing a chapel from 1422 that belonged to a ''Pestspital'', a hospital for patients with the [[Plague (disease)|plague]]. That building was badly damaged during the invasion by Turks in 1480. Four wealthy citizens including the Kornmesser, Pögl and Holzapfel families financed a new building.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" /><ref name="Bruck Geschichte" /> It was erected from 1495 to 1497 as a monument of thanks for the survival of plague, hunger and war.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" /> The donors were merchants who contributed to the flourishing of Bruck, located where important roads of the day met. Further donors whose names are mentioned in wall decoration belong to a younger generation. One inscription, dated 1504, mentions ''figura aura'', the golden ratio which governs the proportions of the building.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" />{{rp|14}} Protocols dated from the 1540s confirm that the building was used for church services as a filial church of Bruck. In a protocol of 1617, Bishop Jakob Eberlein noted the triangular floor as unusual and demanded that the altars be returned to the [[apse]]s, to concur with the intentions of the first builders, and to ease listening to [[Mass (liturgy)|masses]] from outside.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" />{{rp|14}}


Services were held in the chapel until 1783. When no longer used, the building fell in disrepair. In 1794, the Catholic Church conducted a ceremony of [[Deconsecration|deconsecration]] of the chapel. It was then used by the postmaster Ignaz Weigel as a stable and hay storage for the carriage horses.<ref name="Ziegler" /><ref name="ORF" /> In 1817, Franz Oberländer received permission to remodel the building as a guest house, called Geistwirt. Further restructuring happened in 1921, destroying the Gothic windows. The town of Bruck acquired the building in 1955 and used it as housing for its personnel. For this purpose the interior was divided, with two upper floors with several rooms each. When a nearby highway was expanded there were plans to demolish the chapel. It was prevented, but living so close to major traffic became unbearable, and the building remained empty from 1999.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" />{{rp|14–15}}<ref name="Ziegler" /><ref name="ORF" />
Services were held in the chapel until 1783. When no longer used, the building fell into disrepair. In 1794, the Catholic Church conducted a ceremony of [[deconsecration]] of the chapel. It was then used by the postmaster Ignaz Weigel as a stable and hay storage for the carriage horses.<ref name="Ziegler" /><ref name="ORF" /> In 1817, Franz Oberländer received permission to remodel the building as a guest house, called Geistwirt. Further restructuring happened in 1921, destroying the Gothic windows. The town of Bruck acquired the building in 1955 and used it as housing for its personnel. For this purpose the interior was divided, with two upper floors with several rooms each. When a nearby highway was expanded there were plans to demolish the chapel. It was prevented, but living so close to major traffic became unbearable, and the building remained empty from 1999.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" />{{rp|14–15}}<ref name="Ziegler" /><ref name="ORF" />


The building was recognised as unusual in the 19th century, by publication of the floor plan and images of the vault. Johann Graus requested restoration in 1882. Two theses focused on the building, in 1999 and 2000. Related to these works, the art historian Mario Schwarz pointed out the sad state of this unique Gothic monument. [[Philipp Harnoncourt]], who was interested in the arts focused on the Trinity, decided in 2011 to work towards the restoration. He won his siblings, and then the government of Bruck, to support the plan to restore the building, to serve as a monument for the protection of the environment.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" />{{rp|15}}<ref name="ORF" /> The chapel was reopened on 7 June 2020, on [[Trinity Sunday]], as Philipp Harnoncourt had intended, which became the day after his funeral.<ref name="Bruck" /> The celebration during the COVID-19 pandemic was presented per [[livestream]] by the town of Bruck.<ref name="Tomaschek" />
The building was recognised as unusual in the 19th century, by publication of the floor plan and images of the vault. Johann Graus requested restoration in 1882.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" />{{rp|15}}
Two doctoral theses focused on the building, in 1999 and 2000. Related to these works, the art historian Mario Schwarz pointed out the sad state of this unique Gothic monument. [[Philipp Harnoncourt]], who was interested in the arts focused on the Trinity, decided in 2011 to work towards the restoration. He first convinced his six siblings including [[Nikolaus Harnoncourt]] and [[Franz Harnoncourt]], and then the government of Bruck, to support the plan to restore the building, to serve as a monument for the protection of the environment.<ref name="Hoppe-Harnoncourt" />{{rp|15}}<ref name="ORF" /> On June 7, 2020, [[Trinity Sunday]], as Philipp Harnoncourt had wished, the completion of the restoration of the Holy Spirit Chapel in Bruck an der Mur was celebrated with a ceremony - just a few days after his death and one day after his funeral in Grundlsee.<ref name="Bruck" /> The celebration during the COVID-19 pandemic was presented per [[livestream]] by the town of Bruck.<ref name="Tomaschek" />


== Architecture and restoration ==
== Architecture and restoration ==
The chapel is unique in the late-Gothic architecture of Austria.<ref name="Zottmann" /> The donors were free from restrictions by conventional church building.<ref name="Bruck Geschichte" /> The ground plan of [[equilateral triangle]] with bevelled corners is a symbol of the Trinity. Inside, the corners house three equal [[apse]]s, making it an equilateral hexagon floor,<ref name="Zottmann" /> which is crowned by a three-fold star [[rib vault]].<ref name="Reidinger" /> The building's proportion follow the ''aurea figura'', the [[golden ratio]]. The three facades are equally prominent, all with a portal and a window above it.<ref name="Zottmann" />
The chapel is unique in the late-Gothic architecture of Austria.<ref name="Zottmann" /> The donors were free from the restrictions of conventional church building.<ref name="Bruck Geschichte" /> The ground plan of [[equilateral triangle]] with bevelled corners is a symbol of the Trinity. Inside, the corners house three equal [[apse]]s, making it an equilateral hexagon floor,<ref name="Zottmann" /> which is crowned by a three-fold star [[rib vault]].<ref name="Reidinger" /> The building's proportions follow the ''aurea figura'', the [[golden ratio]]. The three facades are equally prominent, all with a portal and a window above it.<ref name="Zottmann" />


The restoration of the original appearance was possible, because many exterior and interior features were preserved, at least on one side, and could be reconstructed knowing of the symmetry.<ref name="Zottmann" /><!--Ihr Grundriss liegt in einem geplanten gleichseitiges Dreieck mit einer Seitenlänge von 20 Klaftern mit 60 Fuß<ref name="Reidinger" /><!-- (1 Klafter = 1,88&nbsp;m) mit abgeschrägten Ecken, die im Inneren durch Arkaden in drei trapezförmige Altarnischen gegliedert ist. Der sechseckige Zentralraum drittelt sich auf Seitenlängen von 20 Fuß<ref name="Reidinger-BruckAnDerMur" /> --> Surviving interior decoration was rediscovered in 2013, included red chalk graphics with remains of the Stiftungsinschrift (foundation inscription) of 1497, which names Bruck citizens and shows their [[Coat of arms|coats of arms]]: Pankraz Kornmess, Michael Holzapfel, Leonhard Schierling and Albrecht Dyem.<ref name="KZ 2013" /> The building was restored as close as possible to its original character, in collaboration with the Österreichisches Bundesdenkmalamt. For missing elements, such as a floor, the windows and lighting, an architecture competition was held to include contemporary art.<ref name="Bruck Wettbewerb" /> <!--
The restoration of the original appearance was possible, because exterior and interior features were preserved, at least on one side, and could be reconstructed knowing of the symmetry.<ref name="Zottmann" /><!--Ihr Grundriss liegt in einem geplanten gleichseitiges Dreieck mit einer Seitenlänge von 20 Klaftern mit 60 Fuß<ref name="Reidinger" />--><!-- (1 Klafter = 1,88&nbsp;m) mit abgeschrägten Ecken, die im Inneren durch Arkaden in drei trapezförmige Altarnischen gegliedert ist. Der sechseckige Zentralraum drittelt sich auf Seitenlängen von 20 Fuß<ref name="Reidinger-BruckAnDerMur" /> --> Surviving interior decoration was rediscovered in 2013, included red chalk graphics with remains of the Stiftungsinschrift (foundation inscription) of 1497, which names Bruck citizens and shows their [[Coat of arms|coats of arms]]: Pankraz Kornmess, Michael Holzapfel, Leonhard Schierling and Albrecht Dyem.<ref name="KZ 2013" /> The building was restored as close as possible to its original character, in collaboration with the Österreichisches Bundesdenkmalamt. For missing elements, such as a floor, the windows and lighting, an architecture competition was held to include contemporary art.<ref name="Bruck Wettbewerb" /> <!--
Begonnen wurde mit der Entkernung des Gebäudes. Sämtliche nach 1794 vorgenommenen Einbauten wurden dabei entfernt. Größere Wandmalereien aus der Entstehungszeit der Kirche wurden dabei aber nicht gefunden, nur im Gewölbebereich einige Wappen und Reste von Inschriften. Vom Originalboden (Holz, Stein oder Ziegel?) sind keinerlei Reste mehr gefunden worden. Das Dach wurde wieder in die ursprüngliche Form gebracht und mit Steinschindeln gedeckt. Weiters wurden die ausgebrochenen Zimmerfenster zugemauert, sowie die originalen Portale und Fenster wieder geöffnet. Durch Anbringen der neuen Glasfenster und -Türen und das Auftragen einer weißen Putzschicht wurde versucht, weitestgehend die ursprüngliche Fassadengliederung wiederherzustellen.-> An architecture competition was held to decide the design of elements that were lost, such as floor, portals and lighting.<ref>Claudia Reiter: ''Das langsame Erwachen der Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle in Bruck an der Mur''. In: ''Mein Bezirk BM'' vom 14. August 2014.</ref>-->
Begonnen wurde mit der Entkernung des Gebäudes. Sämtliche nach 1794 vorgenommenen Einbauten wurden dabei entfernt. Größere Wandmalereien aus der Entstehungszeit der Kirche wurden dabei aber nicht gefunden, nur im Gewölbebereich einige Wappen und Reste von Inschriften. Vom Originalboden (Holz, Stein oder Ziegel?) sind keinerlei Reste mehr gefunden worden. Das Dach wurde wieder in die ursprüngliche Form gebracht und mit Steinschindeln gedeckt. Weiters wurden die ausgebrochenen Zimmerfenster zugemauert, sowie die originalen Portale und Fenster wieder geöffnet. Durch Anbringen der neuen Glasfenster und -Türen und das Auftragen einer weißen Putzschicht wurde versucht, weitestgehend die ursprüngliche Fassadengliederung wiederherzustellen.-> An architecture competition was held to decide the design of elements that were lost, such as floor, portals and lighting.<ref>Claudia Reiter: ''Das langsame Erwachen der Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle in Bruck an der Mur''. In: ''Mein Bezirk BM'' vom 14. August 2014.</ref>-->


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| language = de
| language = de
| access-date = 19 May 2021
| access-date = 19 May 2021
| archive-date = 26 May 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210526150600/https://www.kunsthistoriker-in.at/sites/default/files/PDF%20Journal/VoeKK_Journal_02-03_2020_Ehemalige%20Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle.pdf
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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| language = de
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| access-date = 19 May 2021
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210519150558/https://austria-forum.org/af/Wissenssammlungen/Sakralbauten/Steiermark/Bruck_ad_Mur_Hl._Geist-Kapelle
| url-status = live
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| language = de
| access-date = 27 May 2020
| access-date = 27 May 2020
| archive-date = 22 January 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210122124942/https://www.bruckmur.at/hgk/index.htm
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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| language = de
| access-date = 26 May 2021
| access-date = 26 May 2021
| archive-date = 17 May 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210517204316/https://www.bruckmur.at/hgk/geschichte.htm
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>


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| language = de
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| access-date = 26 May 2021
| archive-date = 9 June 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200609170649/https://www.bruckmur.at/hgk/arch_wettbewerb.htm
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}}</ref>


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| language = de
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| access-date = 26 May 2021
| archive-date = 17 May 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210517204303/https://www.kleinezeitung.at/steiermark/graz/4020782/Bruck-an-der-Mur_Einzigartige-Malereien-in-Kapelle-in-Bruck-entdeckt
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| language = de
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| access-date = 19 May 2021
| archive-date = 24 April 2019
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190424190017/https://steiermark.orf.at/news/stories/2509674/
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| language = de
| access-date = 19 May 2021
| access-date = 19 May 2021
| archive-date = 16 January 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210116105008/https://www.zottmann.at/heiligengeistkapelle/
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* {{YouTube|odkrHykJokE|Die Heilig-Geist-Kapelle in Bruck an der Mur - Ein Vortrag von Prof. Harnoncourt (22 May 2018)}}
* {{YouTube|odkrHykJokE|Die Heilig-Geist-Kapelle in Bruck an der Mur - Ein Vortrag von Prof. Harnoncourt (22 May 2018)}}
* [https://www.meinbezirk.at/bruck-an-der-mur/c-lokales/livestream-aus-der-heiligen-geist-kapelle-im-gedenken-an-philipp-harnoncourt_a4096038 Livestream aus der Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle im Gedenken an Philipp Harnoncourt] {{in lang|de}} meinbezirk.at 6 June 2020
* [https://www.meinbezirk.at/bruck-an-der-mur/c-lokales/livestream-aus-der-heiligen-geist-kapelle-im-gedenken-an-philipp-harnoncourt_a4096038 Livestream aus der Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle im Gedenken an Philipp Harnoncourt] {{in lang|de}} meinbezirk.at 6 June 2020
* {{YouTube|AtuyEJyVGAk|title=1+1+1=1: Eröffnung der Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle in Bruck/Mur am 7. Juni 2020}}


[[Category:Chapels in Austria]]
[[Category:Chapels in Austria]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1497]]
[[Category:Churches completed in the 1490s]]
[[Category:Plague churches]]

Latest revision as of 21:35, 8 December 2024

Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle
Exterior in 2018
Map
General information
StatusMonument
LocationBruck an der Mur, Styria, Austria
Coordinates47°24′19″N 15°17′01″E / 47.4053°N 15.2835°E / 47.4053; 15.2835
Groundbreaking1495 (1495)
Opened1497 (1497)
Renovated2011 (2011)
Website
www.bruckmur.at

The Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle in Bruck an der Mur, Styria, Austria, is a chapel named for the Holy Spirit. It was built in late-Gothic style, originally dedicated to the Trinity, which explains its unusual triangular floorplan, with three similar walls, all with a portal. The building fell into disrepair in the 18th century and was used for several purposes such as a postmaster's stable, an inn and for housing, which changed the interior. Initiated by Philipp Harnoncourt in 2011, the building was restored to its original appearance, with new features where no trace of the original could be found. It is a unique listed historic monument of more than regional importance.

History

[edit]
View from southwest in 2012

The chapel was built in the 15th century, replacing a chapel from 1422 that belonged to a Pestspital, a hospital for patients with the plague. That building was badly damaged during the invasion by Turks in 1480. Four wealthy citizens including the Kornmesser, Pögl and Holzapfel families financed a new building.[1][2] It was erected from 1495 to 1497 as a monument of thanks for the survival of plague, hunger and war.[1] The donors were merchants who contributed to the flourishing of Bruck, located where important roads of the day met. Further donors whose names are mentioned in wall decoration belong to a younger generation. One inscription, dated 1504, mentions figura aura, the golden ratio which governs the proportions of the building.[1]: 14  Protocols dated from the 1540s confirm that the building was used for church services as a filial church of Bruck. In a protocol of 1617, Bishop Jakob Eberlein noted the triangular floor as unusual and demanded that the altars be returned to the apses, to concur with the intentions of the first builders, and to ease listening to masses from outside.[1]: 14 

Services were held in the chapel until 1783. When no longer used, the building fell into disrepair. In 1794, the Catholic Church conducted a ceremony of deconsecration of the chapel. It was then used by the postmaster Ignaz Weigel as a stable and hay storage for the carriage horses.[3][4] In 1817, Franz Oberländer received permission to remodel the building as a guest house, called Geistwirt. Further restructuring happened in 1921, destroying the Gothic windows. The town of Bruck acquired the building in 1955 and used it as housing for its personnel. For this purpose the interior was divided, with two upper floors with several rooms each. When a nearby highway was expanded there were plans to demolish the chapel. It was prevented, but living so close to major traffic became unbearable, and the building remained empty from 1999.[1]: 14–15 [3][4]

The building was recognised as unusual in the 19th century, by publication of the floor plan and images of the vault. Johann Graus requested restoration in 1882.[1]: 15 

Two doctoral theses focused on the building, in 1999 and 2000. Related to these works, the art historian Mario Schwarz pointed out the sad state of this unique Gothic monument. Philipp Harnoncourt, who was interested in the arts focused on the Trinity, decided in 2011 to work towards the restoration. He first convinced his six siblings including Nikolaus Harnoncourt and Franz Harnoncourt, and then the government of Bruck, to support the plan to restore the building, to serve as a monument for the protection of the environment.[1]: 15 [4] On June 7, 2020, Trinity Sunday, as Philipp Harnoncourt had wished, the completion of the restoration of the Holy Spirit Chapel in Bruck an der Mur was celebrated with a ceremony - just a few days after his death and one day after his funeral in Grundlsee.[5] The celebration during the COVID-19 pandemic was presented per livestream by the town of Bruck.[6]

Architecture and restoration

[edit]

The chapel is unique in the late-Gothic architecture of Austria.[7] The donors were free from the restrictions of conventional church building.[2] The ground plan of equilateral triangle with bevelled corners is a symbol of the Trinity. Inside, the corners house three equal apses, making it an equilateral hexagon floor,[7] which is crowned by a three-fold star rib vault.[8] The building's proportions follow the aurea figura, the golden ratio. The three facades are equally prominent, all with a portal and a window above it.[7]

The restoration of the original appearance was possible, because exterior and interior features were preserved, at least on one side, and could be reconstructed knowing of the symmetry.[7] Surviving interior decoration was rediscovered in 2013, included red chalk graphics with remains of the Stiftungsinschrift (foundation inscription) of 1497, which names Bruck citizens and shows their coats of arms: Pankraz Kornmess, Michael Holzapfel, Leonhard Schierling and Albrecht Dyem.[9] The building was restored as close as possible to its original character, in collaboration with the Österreichisches Bundesdenkmalamt. For missing elements, such as a floor, the windows and lighting, an architecture competition was held to include contemporary art.[10]

  • Star rib vault in 2014, before restoration
    Star rib vault in 2014, before restoration
  • Star rib vault detail
    Star rib vault detail
  • Inscription and coat of arms of a donor, red chalk
    Inscription and coat of arms of a donor, red chalk

Timeline

[edit]

The project developed in stages:[11]

  • 2012: Founding of the association "Förderung zur Wiederherstellung der Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle" (Support of the restoration of the HGK)
  • 2013: Gutting of the interior
  • 2014: Architecture competition
  • 2014: Restoration of the original roof
  • 2015: Restoration of the facade, demolishing the stable building
  • 2016: Restoration of the interior
  • 2017: Discovery of the frescoes, restoration of the interior walls
  • 2018: Windows and portals
  • 2020: Completion

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Hoppe-Harnoncourt, Alice (February 2020). "Die ehemalige Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle in Bruck an der Mur als Mahnmal zur Erhaltung der Umwelt" (PDF) (in German). VÖKK. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Sanierung Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle, Bruck an der Mur / Geschichte" (in German). Bruck an der Mur. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  3. ^ a b Ziegler, Katharina (14 April 2020). "Hl. Geist-Kapelle". austria-forum.org (in German). Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  4. ^ a b c "Familie Harnoncourt will Brucker Kapelle retten" (in German). ORF. APA. 17 November 2011. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  5. ^ "Sanierung Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle, Bruck an der Mur" (in German). Bruck an der Mur. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  6. ^ Tomaschek, Ulf (6 June 2020). "Fest für Philipp Harnoncourt und die Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle". Kleine Zeitung (in German). p. 16.
  7. ^ a b c d "Heiligen Geist Kapelle Bruck an der Mur". zottmann.at (in German). 2021. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  8. ^ Reidinger, Erwin (2015). Buchinger, Günther; Huebner, Friedmund (eds.). Die ehemalige Heiliggeistkirche in Bruck an der Mur – Bauanalyse und Archäoastronomie (in German). Vienna / Cologne / Weimar: Böhlau Verlag. pp. 345–368. ISBN 978-3-20579677-0. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  9. ^ "Einzigartige Malereien in Kapelle in Bruck entdeckt". Kleine Zeitung (in German). 29 January 2013. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  10. ^ "Sanierung Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle, Bruck an der Mur / Wettbewerb" (in German). Bruck an der Mur. Archived from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  11. ^ "Sanierung Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle, Bruck an der Mur / Projekt" (in German). Bruck an der Mur. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Heiligen-Geist-Kapelle Bruck an der Mur.
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