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m PAWPERSO moved page Bordon and Longmoor Military Camps to Longmoor Camp over redirect: Make shorter (WP:CONCISE, WP:PRECISE)
Adding local short description: "British Army training camp in Hampshire, England", overriding Wikidata description "British Army training camps and training area"
 
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{{Short description|British Army training camp in Hampshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox military installation
{{Infobox military installation
| name = Longmoor Camp
|name=Bordon and Longmoor Military Camps
|image=Longmoor Camp - geograph.org.uk - 396663.jpg
| image = Longmoor Camp - geograph.org.uk - 396663.jpg
|caption = Modern brick barracks at Longmoor
| caption = Modern brick barracks at Longmoor
|type = Barracks
| type = Barracks
|map_type = Hampshire
| map_type = Hampshire
|pushpin_map_caption = Location within Hampshire
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Hampshire
|location =[[Bordon]] and [[Longmoor, Hampshire|Longmoor]]
| location = [[Longmoor, Hampshire|Longmoor]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|51|4|23|N|0|52|8|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|51|4|23|N|0|52|8|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
|ownership = [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]]
| ownership = [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]]
|operator = {{army|United Kingdom}}
| operator = {{army|United Kingdom}}
|built = 1863
| built = 1863
|used=1863–Present
| used = 1863–Present
|architect =
| architect =
|built_for = [[War Office]]
| built_for = [[War Office]]
|garrison =
| garrison =
|occupants =
| occupants =
}}
}}
'''Bordon and Longmoor Military Camps''' are [[British Army]] training camps close to the [[A3 road|A3]] and [[A325 road|A325]] roads in and around the settlements of [[Bordon]], [[Longmoor, Hampshire|Longmoor]], [[Liss (England)|Liss]] and [[Liphook]] in [[Hampshire]], England. The main street of the Longmoor part of the camp is built on an ancient Roman road, the [[Chichester to Silchester Way]], while the village of [[Greatham, Hampshire|Greatham]] lies to the west. The combined camp and training area coveres {{convert|1783|ha}} of [[woodland|wooded areas]], [[Heath (habitat)|heath]], [[wetland]]s and hard standings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.films.mod.uk/south_east/longmoor_camp.htm|title=Ministry of Defence Film Locations|publisher=Ministry of Defence|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207232402/http://www.films.mod.uk/south_east/longmoor_camp.htm|archivedate=2011-02-07}}</ref> Longmoor camp and the training areas are still active, and maintained by the [[Defence Infrastructure Organisation]].
'''Longmoor Camp''' is a [[British Army]] camp close to the [[A3 road|A3]] and [[A325 road|A325]] roads in and around the settlements of [[Longmoor, Hampshire|Longmoor]], [[Liss (England)|Liss]] and [[Liphook]] in [[Hampshire]], England. The main street of the Longmoor part of the camp is built on an ancient Roman road, the [[Chichester to Silchester Way]], while the village of [[Greatham, Hampshire|Greatham]] lies to the west. The combined camp and training area coveres {{convert|1783|ha}} of [[woodland|wooded areas]], [[Heath (habitat)|heath]], [[wetland]]s and hard standings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.films.mod.uk/south_east/longmoor_camp.htm|title=Ministry of Defence Film Locations|publisher=Ministry of Defence|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207232402/http://www.films.mod.uk/south_east/longmoor_camp.htm|archivedate=2011-02-07}}</ref> Longmoor Camp and the training areas are still active, and maintained by the [[Defence Infrastructure Organisation]].

The camp is occupied by the [[Royal Military Police Close Protection Unit]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-04 |title=Army 'bodyguard' unit shows off its skills |url=https://www.shropshirestar.com/news/uk-news/2018/04/04/army-bodyguard-unit-shows-off-its-skills/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=www.shropshirestar.com |language=en}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
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In 1863, the [[War Department (United Kingdom)|War Department]] had required additional training grounds for [[British Army]] troops. They purchased tracts of land totalling {{convert|781|acre}} from [[Crown Estate|Her Majesty's Woods, Forests and Lands]] at [[Hogmoor Inclosure]] and [[Longmoor, Hampshire|Longmoor]] on the [[Surrey]]/[[Hampshire]] borders.<ref name=NatArch>{{cite web|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/4bnreme/bordon_area_facilities/bordon_history.htm |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20061031225526/http://www.army.mod.uk/4bnreme/bordon_area_facilities/bordon_history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-10-31 |title=Bordon History |via=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|National Archives]] |accessdate=2012-02-18 }}</ref> However, the Army's main [[barracks]] were at [[Aldershot Garrison]], requiring a {{convert|20|mi}} [[marching|march]] or expensive railway journey to access the new training grounds. This distance also necessitated an overnight stay, most often accomplished by pitching tents east of the [[A325 road]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Woolmer Forest Heritage Society: Training in Bordon|url=http://woolmerforest.org.uk/Military_History/Building_The_Garrison/index.php|access-date=19 October 2022}}</ref>
In 1863, the [[War Department (United Kingdom)|War Department]] had required additional training grounds for [[British Army]] troops. They purchased tracts of land totalling {{convert|781|acre}} from [[Crown Estate|Her Majesty's Woods, Forests and Lands]] at [[Hogmoor Inclosure]] and [[Longmoor, Hampshire|Longmoor]] on the [[Surrey]]/[[Hampshire]] borders.<ref name=NatArch>{{cite web|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/4bnreme/bordon_area_facilities/bordon_history.htm |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20061031225526/http://www.army.mod.uk/4bnreme/bordon_area_facilities/bordon_history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-10-31 |title=Bordon History |via=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|National Archives]] |accessdate=2012-02-18 }}</ref> However, the Army's main [[barracks]] were at [[Aldershot Garrison]], requiring a {{convert|20|mi}} [[marching|march]] or expensive railway journey to access the new training grounds. This distance also necessitated an overnight stay, most often accomplished by pitching tents east of the [[A325 road]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Woolmer Forest Heritage Society: Training in Bordon|url=http://woolmerforest.org.uk/Military_History/Building_The_Garrison/index.php|access-date=19 October 2022}}</ref>


The decision was hence made to build two permanent camps close to [[Woolmer Forest]]. The proposal was to construct 140 wooden huts on each site, each {{convert|72|ft}} long and {{convert|21|ft}} wide,<ref name=WoolBuild2/> giving a combined accommodation for 5,000 men.<ref name=WoolBuild1>{{cite web|url=http://www.woolmerforest.org.uk/garrison/building.php|title=Building|publisher=Woolmer Forest Heritage Society|accessdate=2012-02-18}}</ref> The first site was laid out in 1899 by the [[Highland Light Infantry]], under the command of the [[Royal Engineers]]. This became '''Bordon Camp''', an area of approximately {{convert|1|mi}} long by {{convert|.5|mi}} wide.<ref name=WoolBuild1/> With construction curtailed on the first site by the [[Second Boer War]], the Army began work at '''Longmoor Camp'''. After being laid out by the Royal Engineers in August 1900, construction materials were transported from [[Bentley (Hampshire) railway station|Bentley]] railway station, with the resultant damage by commercial [[traction engine]]s to the public roads bringing about the first trial of [[pneumatic tyre]]d lorries to the British Army.<ref name=WoolBuild1/>
The decision was hence made to build two permanent camps close to [[Woolmer Forest]]. The proposal was to construct 140 wooden huts on each site, each {{convert|72|ft}} long and {{convert|21|ft}} wide,<ref name=WoolBuild2>{{cite web|url=http://www.woolmerforest.org.uk/garrison/building1.php|title=Building|publisher=Woolmer Forest Heritage Society|accessdate=2012-02-18}}</ref> giving a combined accommodation for 5,000 men.<ref name=WoolBuild1>{{cite web|url=http://www.woolmerforest.org.uk/garrison/building.php|title=Building|publisher=Woolmer Forest Heritage Society|accessdate=2012-02-18}}</ref> The first site was laid out in 1899 by the [[Highland Light Infantry]], under the command of the [[Royal Engineers]]. This became [[Bordon Camp]], an area of approximately {{convert|1|mi}} long by {{convert|.5|mi}} wide.<ref name=WoolBuild1/> With construction curtailed on the first site by the [[Second Boer War]], the Army began work at '''Longmoor Camp'''. After being laid out by the Royal Engineers in August 1900, construction materials were transported from [[Bentley (Hampshire) railway station|Bentley]] railway station, with the resultant damage by commercial [[traction engine]]s to the public roads bringing about the first trial of [[pneumatic tyre]]d lorries to the British Army.<ref name=WoolBuild1/>


===Early 20th century===
===Early 20th century===
In November 1902, the War Department bought the {{convert|550|acre}} Broxhead Warren estate from Sir David Miller Barbour<ref>{{cite web |title=Parishes: Headley Pages 51-55 A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 3. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/hants/vol3/pp51-55 |website=British History Online |publisher=Victoria County History, 1908 |access-date=5 December 2022}}</ref> for £20,000, added to by an additional purchase for £18,000 in early 1903.<ref name=WoolBuild1/> It was decided that the camps at Longmoor would be named after successful battles and locations from the Boer War. The officers' accommodations were named after [[Seven Years' War]] commanders, [[Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst|Amherst]] and [[James Wolfe|Wolfe]].<ref name=WoolBuild1/> Meanwhile, the barracks at Bordon were to be named after successful battles and locations from the [[North America]]n campaign, during the Seven Years' War against France. The first two camps were thus named [[St. Lucia]] and [[Quebec]], starting a long association of the camps with Canada.<ref name=WoolBuild1/>
In November 1902, the War Department bought the {{convert|550|acre}} Broxhead Warren estate from Sir David Miller Barbour<ref>{{cite web |title=Parishes: Headley Pages 51-55 A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 3. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/hants/vol3/pp51-55 |website=British History Online |publisher=Victoria County History, 1908 |access-date=5 December 2022}}</ref> for £20,000, added to by an additional purchase for £18,000 in early 1903.<ref name=WoolBuild1/> It was decided that the camps at Longmoor would be named after successful battles and locations from the Boer War. The officers' accommodations were named after [[Seven Years' War]] commanders, [[Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst|Amherst]] and [[James Wolfe|Wolfe]].<ref name=WoolBuild1/>

Having just returned from the Boer War, the first occupants of Quebec barracks at Bordon Camp were the [[Somersetshire Light Infantry]] in April 1903. In June, they were joined at Bordon by the 2nd Battalion [[Devonshire Regiment]]. Both set a precedent for the site by marching from [[Bentley (Hampshire) railway station|Bentley]] railway station, headed by a marching band.<ref name=WoolBuild2>{{cite web|url=http://www.woolmerforest.org.uk/garrison/building1.php|title=Building|publisher=Woolmer Forest Heritage Society|accessdate=2012-02-18}}</ref>


In May 1903, the 1st Battalion of the [[Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders]] and the 2nd Battalion of the [[Wiltshire Regiment]] were the first to occupy Longmoor camp. However it was built on boggy ground and the troops immediately began to complain of problems and the medical officers of ill health. A decision was immediately made by the War Department to move 68 of the Longmoor huts to the Bordon camp site, between {{convert|4|mi}} and {{convert|6|mi}} away.<ref name=NatArch/>
In May 1903, the 1st Battalion of the [[Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders]] and the 2nd Battalion of the [[Wiltshire Regiment]] were the first to occupy Longmoor camp. However it was built on boggy ground and the troops immediately began to complain of problems and the medical officers of ill health. A decision was immediately made by the War Department to move 68 of the Longmoor huts to the Bordon camp site, between {{convert|4|mi}} and {{convert|6|mi}} away.<ref name=NatArch/>

The movement of the huts was completed in May 1905.<ref name=NatArch/><ref name=WoolBuild2/> This move created [[Gaudaloupe]] and [[Martinique]] barracks on the west side of the A325, enabling the four barracks of Bordon to house a complete [[infantry]] [[brigade]].<ref name=NatArch/>

The first brick-built barracks were started in 1906, completed in 1907 and named Louisburg Barracks, built to house two regiments of artillery and a riding school, one in Louisburg East and one in Louisburg West.<ref name=WoolChurch/> At the northern end of Louisburg Barracks Central Road was a [[veterinary hospital]] with 24 loose boxes and 20 stalls, to care for sick artillery horses.<ref name=WoolChurch/> This was added to in 1911 by the building of the Royal Engineer lines and associated stables near Bordon crossroads, to accommodate 26th Field Company Royal Engineers.<ref name=NatArch/>

===First World War===
Bordon was used by the [[Canadian Army]] as a staging post for "under-fire" troop training in the First World War. Troops were shipped into [[Glasgow]] and [[Liverpool Docks]], and then transported by train direct to {{rws|Bordon}}.<ref name=WoolBarck/> The Canadians under Commanding Officer William Mahlon Davis used tents in their first occupation, setting up camps named after the [[Great Lakes]] in the [[Bramshott Camp]] area: [[Lake Erie|Erie]], [[Lake Huron|Huron]], [[Lake Superior|Superior]] and [[Lake Ontario|Ontario]]. The speciality [[Canadian Forestry Corps]] set up a steam-powered [[saw mill]] near the Deer's Hut Inn, [[Liphook]].<ref name=NatArch/>

===Inter-war===
In 1924, {{convert|32|acre}} in Alexandra Park were purchased, added to in 1927 by {{convert|916|acre}} of farmland and common land between Bordon and Oakhanger, for use as additional training areas.<ref name=WoolBarck/> The 1930s started with the building of the [[Royal Army Service Corps|RASC]] Lines on the edge of Louisburg Barracks. This brought about the demolition in 1937 of the old wooden huts at both Quebec and St Lucia barracks, with new brick built 100-man barracks in their place.<ref name=NatArch/><ref name=WoolChurch/> The 1930s construction ended with the building of the wooden hutted training camp at Oxney Farm, named Martinique barracks.<ref name=WoolBarck/>


===Second World War===
===Second World War===
When the Canadian Army was looking for a European base, the British Army offered them Bordon and Longmoor Military Camps, which they took over entirely from September 1939 under a British officer commanding the local service and civilian personnel.<ref name=WoolBarck>{{cite web|url=http://www.woolmerforest.org.uk/garrison/barracks.php|title=Barracks|publisher=Woolmer Forest Heritage Society|accessdate=2012-02-18}}</ref>
The British 3rd Infantry Brigade was resident in Bordon in 1939, but was dispatched in its entirety at the start of hostilities of World War II, as part of the [[British Expeditionary Force (World War II)|British Expeditionary Force]]. The men left from {{rws|Liss}} railway station on specially chartered trains, direct to [[Southampton Docks]].<ref name=WoolBarck/>

When the Canadian Army was looking for a European base, the British Army offered them Bordon and Longmoor Military Camps, which they took over entirely from September 1939 under a British officer commanding the local service and civilian personnel. The Canadians built two new sub-camps, using Canadian built and shipped prefabricated wooden huts:<ref name=WoolBarck/>
*'''Oakhanger Camp:''' After the end of hostilities, taken over by the [[Ministry of Supply]] to sell surplus Army vehicles, which covered the whole of Slab Common. Dismantled in about 1950, to make way for present married officers' quarters on Bolley Avenue.<ref name=WoolBarck/>
*'''Lower Oakhanger Camp:''' located below the [[level crossing]] in Station Road, it was used by the Canadians until [[D-Day]], after which it became a German [[prisoner of war]] camp. After the end of hostilities and the return home of the Germans, it was used by European Volunteer Workers who left in the mid-1950s. The huts were dismantled, and the concrete bases became used for helicopter practice landing grounds by [[RAF Odiham]]. Havannah Officers' Mess was built on the site in 1979.<ref name=WoolBarck/>
[[File:Memorial to those of the Canadian Army who served at Bordon - geograph.org.uk - 1527324.jpg|thumb|Memorial to those of the Canadian Army who served at Bordon in both world wars]]
As part of their local security remit, the Canadians built numerous security points and anti-aircraft bases around the town of Bordon, on which tanks and armoured cars were parked, leaving today a patchwork of elderly but still visible concrete slabs. The Canadians had their own fire station, located at the junction of Budds Lane and Station Road, and hence able to access either camp. Canadians also, in part manned the garrison fire station throughout World War II.<ref name=WoolBarck/>


===Post-war===
===Post-war===
Longmoor housed 5 Railway Training Regiment Royal Engineers<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/royal-engineers/regiments---major-units/5-regiment.html|title=British Army units from 1945 on - 5 Regiment|website=british-army-units1945on.co.uk}}</ref> which in 1948 became 16 Railway Training Regiment and remained at Longmoor until the railway role was taken over by the Royal Corps of Transport in 1965.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/royal-engineers/regiments---major-units/16-regiment.html|title=British Army units from 1945 on - 16 Regiment|website=british-army-units1945on.co.uk}}</ref> [[Longmoor Military Railway]] finally closed on 31 October 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lissareahistorical.co.uk/OtherActivities/Longmoor.aspx|title=Liss Area Historical Society|website=www.lissareahistorical.co.uk}}</ref>
[[File:Tank Pit and Track, Hogmoor Road - geograph.org.uk - 328760.jpg|thumb|The tank pit and track, Hogmoor Road at Bordon Training Camp]]
====Bordon====
With troop training moved to Aldershot, the camps became home to various units of [[Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers]], which were eventually consolidated under one unit based at the Bordon barracks from the 1960s onwards. Various motor transport divisions consolidated to the base during the 1960s, only to leave for [[Shrewsbury]] in the 1980s.<ref name=NatArch/> This brought about the consolidation of the camps' facilities, with tracts of land occupied by old buildings and structures sold to the district council for civilian redevelopment, such as that at Pinewood Village.<ref name=WoolBarck/>

After the buildings at the RASC Lines were demolished in 1973, the site was redeveloped as married quarters.<ref name=NatArch/><ref name=WoolChurch/> Then came the building of the new Havannah barracks (renamed Prince Philip Barracks on 27 June 1984), built to what was a standard design known as the "Sandhurst Block", laid out to house a battalion or regiment in one barracks unit.<ref name=WoolBarck/> The old wooden hut Martinique barracks were renamed the [[San Domingo]] barracks. These were dismantled in 1983 by contractors for erection elsewhere.<ref name=WoolBarck/>

Bordon became home to 10 Training Battalion the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, providing trade training, both basic and supplementary, supported by the School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (SEME).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/20120828lobordon.pdf|title=Location Overview: Bordon Garrison|website=HIVE Information Centres|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172200/http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/20120828lobordon.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> In July 2011 the then Defence Secretary, [[Liam Fox|Dr Liam Fox]], announced that [[MoD Lyneham|RAF Lyneham]] would be the new site of the Defence Technical Training Change Programme (DTTCP) centre.<ref>{{cite news|title=RAF Lyneham to be defence training centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-wiltshire-14191862 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=18 July 2011 |accessdate=26 July 2011 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110719064439/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-wiltshire-14191862 |archivedate= 19 July 2011 |url-status= live}}</ref> This would coincide with the closures of [[Arborfield Garrison]] and the School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering (SEME) at Bordon, with all posts at both bases moving to Lyneham in 2015.<ref name="closure">{{cite news|title=MoD confirms Arborfield Garrison closure |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-14198087 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=19 July 2011 |accessdate=26 July 2011 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110719233004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-berkshire-14198087 |archivedate= 19 July 2011 |url-status= live}}</ref>

====Longmoor====

Longmoor housed 5 Railway Training Regiment Royal Engineers<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/royal-engineers/regiments---major-units/5-regiment.html|title=British Army units from 1945 on - 5 Regiment|website=british-army-units1945on.co.uk}}</ref> which in 1948 became 16 Railway Training Regiment and remained at Longmoor until the railway role was taken over by the Royal Corps of Transport in 1965.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/royal-engineers/regiments---major-units/16-regiment.html|title=British Army units from 1945 on - 16 Regiment|website=british-army-units1945on.co.uk}}</ref> [[Longmoor Military Railway]] finally closed on 31 October 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lissareahistorical.co.uk/OtherActivities/Longmoor.aspx|title=Liss Area Historical Society}}</ref>


Longmoor Camp remains<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bordonherald.com/article.cfm?id=116125&headline=MoD+clarifies+Longmoor+sale+plans&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2016|title=MoD clarifies Longmoor sale plans|website=Bordon Herald}}</ref> an operational training camp including an urban training centre<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mountjoy.co.uk/refurbishment-dwellings-longmoor-training-camp|title=Refurbishment of Dwellings at Longmoor Training Camp|date=6 June 2017|website=Mountjoy}}</ref> and extensive ranges.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/south-east-training-estate-firing-times/longmoor-ranges-firing-times-may-2021|title=Longmoor Ranges firing times May 2021|website=GOV.UK}}</ref> It also houses the close protection training units of the [[Royal Military Police]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/royal-military-police-train-for-close-protection|title=Royal Military Police train for close protection|website=GOV.UK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.portsmouth.co.uk/news/watch-dodging-bullets-suicide-bombers-and-snipers-its-just-part-job-armys-elite-bodyguards-1040353|title=WATCH: Dodging bullets, suicide bombers and snipers '" it's just part of the job for the army's elite '˜bodyguards'|website=www.portsmouth.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=
Longmoor Camp remains<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bordonherald.com/article.cfm?id=116125&headline=MoD+clarifies+Longmoor+sale+plans&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2016|title=MoD clarifies Longmoor sale plans|website=Bordon Herald}}</ref> an operational training camp including an urban training centre<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mountjoy.co.uk/refurbishment-dwellings-longmoor-training-camp|title=Refurbishment of Dwellings at Longmoor Training Camp|date=6 June 2017|website=Mountjoy}}</ref> and extensive ranges.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/south-east-training-estate-firing-times/longmoor-ranges-firing-times-may-2021|title=Longmoor Ranges firing times May 2021|website=GOV.UK}}</ref> It also houses the close protection training units of the [[Royal Military Police]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/royal-military-police-train-for-close-protection|title=Royal Military Police train for close protection|website=GOV.UK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.portsmouth.co.uk/news/watch-dodging-bullets-suicide-bombers-and-snipers-its-just-part-job-armys-elite-bodyguards-1040353|title=WATCH: Dodging bullets, suicide bombers and snipers '" it's just part of the job for the army's elite '˜bodyguards'|website=www.portsmouth.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=
http://www.bordonherald.com/article.cfm?id=114862&headline=Longmoor%20Camp%20cull%20in%20defence%20shake%20up&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2016 |title=Longmoor Camp cull in defence shake up|publisher=Bordon Herald|date=20 November 2016|accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref>
http://www.bordonherald.com/article.cfm?id=114862&headline=Longmoor%20Camp%20cull%20in%20defence%20shake%20up&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2016 |title=Longmoor Camp cull in defence shake up|publisher=Bordon Herald|date=20 November 2016|accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref>


In 2000, Longmoor Camp hosted a 10-day boot camp for the cast of ''[[Band of Brothers (miniseries)|Band of Brothers]]'', HBO's award-winning miniseries about [[E Company, 506th Infantry Regiment|E (Easy) Company, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division]] during the Second World War in Europe, ahead of filming. Captain [[Dale Dye]], a Marine veteran who was awarded the [[Bronze Star Medal]] with [["V" Device|Combat "V"]] for heroism during the Vietnam War and also plays Colonel [[Robert Sink]] in the miniseries, operated the boot camp as senior military advisor.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Warden |first1=Rick |title='Lunch At Longmoor' - Rick Warden takes Band of Brothers actors back to Bootcamp, 18 years on |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukanmadzCco |website=YouTube |access-date=21 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Home Box Office |title=Ron Livingston's Video Diaries |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ju11gCisOL4 |website=YouTube |access-date=21 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
In 2000, Longmoor Camp hosted a 10-day boot camp for the cast of ''[[Band of Brothers (miniseries)|Band of Brothers]]'', HBO's award-winning miniseries about [[E Company, 506th Infantry Regiment|E (Easy) Company, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division]] during the Second World War in Europe, ahead of filming. Captain [[Dale Dye]], a Marine veteran who was awarded the [[Bronze Star Medal]] with [["V" Device|Combat "V"]] for heroism during the Vietnam War and also plays Colonel [[Robert Sink]] in the miniseries, operated the boot camp as senior military advisor.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Warden |first1=Rick |title='Lunch At Longmoor' - Rick Warden takes Band of Brothers actors back to Bootcamp, 18 years on |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukanmadzCco |website=YouTube |date=July 2019 |access-date=21 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Home Box Office |title=Ron Livingston's Video Diaries |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ju11gCisOL4 |website=YouTube |date=2 May 2020 |access-date=21 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>


==Railways==
==Railways==
Line 93: Line 68:


Although initially a single-track (later double track from Whitehill to Longmoor Downs station) end-to-end line running north/south from Bordon eventually to Liss, from 1942 an additional loop ran eastwards from Longmoor Downs station at the camp via a station at Hopkin's Bridge to a triangle junction at Whitehill. This provided circular running, allowing for improved training without the need to run round trains at the termini. The new line was called the Hollywater Loop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lissareahistorical.co.uk/OtherActivities/Longmoor.aspx|title=Longmoor|publisher=Liss Area Historical Society|accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref> As a training railway for both the Army and later the [[Railway Inspectorate]], it was often being constructed/deconstructed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunday 13 May - and then there were none... |work=2012 Berliner Bulletin |date=March 2012 |url=http://www.trainofevents.co.uk/downloads/berliner-2012/2012-berliner-bulletin-ed-7.pdf |accessdate=11 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603030548/http://www.trainofevents.co.uk/downloads/berliner-2012/2012-berliner-bulletin-ed-7.pdf |archive-date=3 June 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[File:Longmoor Military Railway 1.JPG|thumb|Former Longmoor Military Railway, looking north from Longmoor Military Camp]]
Although initially a single-track (later double track from Whitehill to Longmoor Downs station) end-to-end line running north/south from Bordon eventually to Liss, from 1942 an additional loop ran eastwards from Longmoor Downs station at the camp via a station at Hopkin's Bridge to a triangle junction at Whitehill. This provided circular running, allowing for improved training without the need to run round trains at the termini. The new line was called the Hollywater Loop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lissareahistorical.co.uk/OtherActivities/Longmoor.aspx|title=Longmoor|publisher=Liss Area Historical Society|accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref> As a training railway for both the Army and later the [[Railway Inspectorate]], it was often being constructed/deconstructed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunday 13 May - and then there were none... |work=2012 Berliner Bulletin |date=March 2012 |url=http://www.trainofevents.co.uk/downloads/berliner-2012/2012-berliner-bulletin-ed-7.pdf |accessdate=11 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603030548/http://www.trainofevents.co.uk/downloads/berliner-2012/2012-berliner-bulletin-ed-7.pdf |archive-date=3 June 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[File:Longmoor Military Railway 1.JPG|thumb|Former Longmoor Military Railway, looking north from Longmoor Military Camp]]

==Broxhead House==
Broxhead House was built by [[Thomas Foley (Royal Navy officer)|Admiral Thomas Foley]], hero of the [[Battle of the Nile]], in 1877. After purchase of the Broxhead estate in November 1902 by the War Department, the house was used by the general officer commanding, and later the brigade commander of the garrison. From the start of World War II, it was used as the local divisional headquarters, until that was moved in November 1940 to [[Batts Hall]], [[Frensham]]. It was then made the UK headquarters for the Canadian Army in Europe. At the end of the war, it was initially used as a medical reception facility, and then as an officers' hotel. At the start of 1952 it became the Central Volunteer Headquarters (CVHQ) of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, until they moved to Louisburg Barracks in 1979. In 1981 [[Molex]] bought Wolfe Lodge and then Broxhead House, with the house demolished in 1983 to make way for new laboratories. The site is now named Lion Court.<ref name=WoolBarck/>

==Bordon Camp facilities==
===Bordon Post Office===
Post was essential for the morale of all troops, and so a [[post office]] was set up in Quebec barracks for the entire Bordon and Longmoor complex. This was moved from the wooden huts to a new brick building in 1908 on the far side of Camp Road, being renamed Bordon Post Office. The site today is still the location of the local [[Royal Mail]] depot, and unified army and civilian post office.<ref name=WoolBuild2/>

===Church of England Soldiers Institute===
In August 1904, [[Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone|Princess Alexander of Teck]] opened the [[Church of England]] Soldiers Institute. Built close to Luisburg barracks of corrugated iron structure at a cost of £1,500, it was "open to all soldiers and sailors wearing the King's uniform regardless of religion."<ref name=WoolChurch>{{cite web|url=http://www.woolmerforest.org.uk/garrison/CofE.php|title=Church|publisher=Woolmer Forest Heritage Society|accessdate=2012-02-18}}</ref>

A new large hall was added in September 1906, capable of seating 500. At one end was a stage, while at the other was a [[chancel]]: both could be covered by roller shutters, depending on the hall's usage.<ref name=WoolChurch/> In 1908 the Brownlow Hall was added and named after Major General Brownlow, who was president of the C. of E. Institutes. Used solely for entertainment, it was used as a cinema until the opening of the [[#Empire Club|Empire Club]] in 1938.<ref name=WoolChurch/>

The building was closed in 1960, and demolished. The site is now occupied by a [[Tesco#One Stop|Tesco, One Stop]] [[convenience store]].<ref name=WoolChurch/>

===Wesleyan Soldiers Home===
Opened in 1905, it was located {{convert|300|yard}} behind the C. of E. Institute. Its wooden structure covered with a dark green painted corrugated iron roof cost £2,500 to build.<ref name=WoolChurch/> Surrounded by a garden, the building enclosed: a games room, a billiard room, a reading and writing room, a devotional room, and a lecture hall seating 300. There were ten bedrooms and three bedrooms, plus a suite for the chaplain. Together with the C. of E. Institute, the building was closed and demolished in 1960.<ref name=WoolChurch/>

===Bordon Officers' Sports Club===
In 1910, a cricket ground and associated pavilion were placed north of Gibbs Lane. The club house construction in 1922 was paid for by the local officers club, being constructed of wooden frame with wooden sheeting siding, plus concrete tiles, to fit in with the village green feel. The building housed: a smoking room, dining room, gentlemen's [[cloakroom]], ladies' room, ladies cloakroom and a steward's quarters. In 1928 a 21-year rotating lease was drawn up, and the old cricket pavilion became the groundsman's storeroom. The facility was now invested in from 1930 onwards, with: two squash courts, a badminton court, card room and a kitchen was added to the indoors clubhouse facilities. Outside were added: eight grass and two hard tennis courts, a polo field, a hockey pitch and rugby grounds. The result was that the lease was transferred to the United Services Trustees in 1937.<ref name=WoolBarck/>

After a lease renewal in 1959 for an additional 21 years, in 1977 after the Army School of Transport left the garrison, the number of serving officers making use of the club dwindled rapidly. With new sporting facilities being built at Havannah barracks, the decision was taken to hand over the management and the lease to a civilian committee, completed in 1980. From this date, it became Bordon and Oakhanger Sports Club.<ref name=WoolBarck/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theboscclub.org.uk/|title=Bordon and Oakhanger Sports Club|publisher=Bordon and Oakhanger Sports Club|accessdate=2012-02-18|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120913100638/http://www.theboscclub.org.uk/|archivedate=2012-09-13}}</ref>

===Empire Club===
The Empire Club was opened by [[Paul Methuen, 3rd Baron Methuen|Field Marshal Lord Methuen]] on 17 December 1913. The club had a full-time gardener, two grass tennis courts and a bowling green. Although it made a profit throughout World War I and just after, by the early 1930s attempts by both the [[NAAFI]] and [[YMCA]] to operate it commercially failed. Bordon Entertainments Ltd took a 21-year lease on the club in July 1938. In 1946, NAAFI opened a competing garrison club in Louisburg Barracks South. The result was a series of improvements, including: conversion of the dance hall to a cinema, a new ballroom and bar in 1955 and a lido in 1963. In 1977, after the Army School of Transport left the garrison, the Empire Club lease reverted to the district council. In 1987, the club burnt down while still under council control. Proposed to be rebuilt as an arts centre, the site is now civilian domestic housing, and forms part of Pinewood Village.<ref name=WoolBarck/>

===Medical facilities===
The original joint medical and dental centres were replaced in 1964 by a new building opposite the Empire Club. Known as the "Mississippi Steamboat" due to its shape and huge singular steel chimney, it is being replaced by a new centre to be located on Budds Lane.<ref name=WoolBarck/>

===Schooling===
In 1906, a [[junior school]] was built in Station Road, Bordon and an [[infant school]] in Lamerton Road. The infant school was only used in the afternoon for schooling, being used for military instruction in the morning. Prior to the [[Education Act 1944]], these were controlled by the military, after which they came under the control of [[Hampshire County Council]] [[Local Education Authority]]. In 1965, a new junior school opened in Budds Lane on the site of the former married quarters, while the infants moved to the former junior school. The old infants school was demolished in 1966. In 1979, a new infants school opened in Budds Lane, and the old school leased to the local authority, named [[Barbados]] House after the earlier barracks on the site. The building today houses the Phoenix Theatre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.woolmerforest.org.uk/garrison/schools.php|title=Schools|publisher=Woolmer Forest Heritage Society|accessdate=2012-02-18}}</ref>

===Fire station===
[[File:RAF Fire Station, Bordon - geograph.org.uk - 234546.jpg|thumb|The former fire station, latterly an RAF facility, disused since 2005]]
There was a [[fire station]] on site from 1906, staffed in rotation by trained members of each unit stationed on garrison, under the control of the [[Royal Army Service Corps|Army Service Corps]]. Equipped with a single horse drawn pump, the station had three stables. From 1920 the station was equipped with motorised [[Thornycroft]] fire engine, while the building also housed a section of the Royal Military Police.<ref name=fire>{{cite web|url=http://www.woolmerforest.org.uk/page_armyfire.php|title=Fire Station|publisher=Woolmer Forest Heritage Society|accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref>

Although the fire service role was taken over by the civilian station in 1938, it returned to the garrison at the start of World War II, when the officer in charge of the garrison also moved his headquarters to the same building. As a result, in 1940 the fire engines were upgraded to new [[Leyland Motors]] lorries.<ref name=fire/>

Post war the station remained in operation, serving both the garrison as well as the local civilian population. From 1958 onwards, the station was civilian staffed, equipped with [[Green Goddess]] [[Bedford Vehicles|Bedford]] 3 tonners. These were replaced in 1973 by Bedford domestic water tenders carrying {{convert|450|impgal}} of water.<ref name=fire/>

In 1989, after the completion of a new civilian fire station within Bordon, the [[Royal Air Force]] took over the old fire station building. Renamed Oakhanger Fire Station, it was closed in 2005 when the nearby [[RAF Oakhanger]] was outsourced.<ref name=fire/>

===Religious facilities===
====Tin Tabernacle====
[[File:St George, Bordon - geograph.org.uk - 1493218.jpg|thumb|The former RA institute, now the garrison Church of St George]]
Church of England services were held in the gym on camp opening, then transferred in 1906 to the C. of E. Soldiers Institute when it opened, in a space also used by the Roman Catholic congregation. In February 1921, St. George's Garrison Church was erected in Budds Lane, also known as the [[Tin tabernacle|Tin Tabernacle]] due to its corrugated iron shell on wooden framed construction. Its organ and furnishings came from the former Army depot at the [[Curragh]], after the pullout of the British Army post the creation of the [[Irish Republic]].<ref name=WoolBarck/> Demolished in 1983, services moved to the former R.A. Institute.<ref name=WoolBarck/>

====Roman Catholic Church====
[[File:Sacred Heart, Bordon - geograph.org.uk - 1494611.jpg|thumb|left|Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church, Bordon, built 1990]]
There has been a [[Roman Catholic]] place of worship on the garrison site since the opening of Bordon camp. The priest was provided with a portable altar, which could be set up where ever space could be found. Initially this was within a marque set-up on St Lucia barracks square, which then moved to a wooden hut on Kildare Close. The hut was used for living accommodation from the outbreak of World War I, the location again became portable. In 1919, parishioners converted an allocated former wooden canteen opposite Martinique House, which became Sacred Heart Church. This was demolished in 1990, with a new brick church built on the top of Chalet Hill.<ref name=WoolBarck/>

====Reredos====
The C. of E. church housed the [[reredos]], an altarpiece memorial to all units who have served in Bordon since its creation. In the form of a large painting, it was created by [[David Shepherd (artist)|David Shepherd]] for a cost of £1,000. The scene depicts the central figure of Jesus Christ standing on a mound, with four uniformed men kneeling dressed and armed in the style of soldiers who served in the South African War, the First and Second World Wars and [[Korean War]], with a chaplain standing giving the blessing. In the background are depicted all the arms and corps, who have served in Bordon.<ref name=WoolBarck/>

Dedicated on 22 July 1964 by the chaplain general, the reredos is the property of St. George's Garrison Church and the chaplain general. If no garrison church is built in the future, it will become the property of the Royal Army Chaplains Department Depot.<ref name=WoolBarck/>

==Bordon Military Cemetery==
[[File:The chapel at Bordon Garrison Military cemetery - geograph.org.uk - 1527386.jpg|thumb|The chapel and graveyard at Bordon Military Cemetery]]
Land was originally set aside for a cemetery on the west side of the A325. However, there is no evidence that it was used, with burials occurring in the civilian cemeteries in either Headley or Greatham. The site is now the Woolmer [[trading estate]].<ref name=WoolBarck/>

In 1908, work started on a new military cemetery on Bolley Avenue. It opened in April 1910, consecrated by the chaplain-general to the forces, the Rt. Rev. Bishop I. Taylor-Smith CVO DD, with music from 3rd Battalion, the [[Rifle Brigade]].<ref name=WoolBarck/>

The grounds can be used for burial by any serving member of the armed forces, and their dependants. It hence includes both Canadian and South Africans who were camped in Bordon during the two world wars. It also acted as a temporary cemetery for nine [[United States Army]] soldiers, later returned to the United States after the end of hostilities in 1947. Separate areas are set aside for the various denominations, including one member of the [[Dutch Reformed Church]], and one [[Gurkha]]. The sole non-military civilian burial is the grave of Mrs Alice Emily Chandler, who lived in the former stable house of the camps fire station, killed with a Canadian officer and two NCOs by a [[Luftwaffe]] bomb on 16 August 1940.<ref name=WoolBarck>{{cite web|url=http://www.woolmerforest.org.uk/garrison/barracks.php|title=Barracks|publisher=Woolmer Forest Heritage Society|accessdate=2012-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/2067524/Bordon%20Military%20Cemetery|title=Cemetery Details &#124; CWGC}}</ref>

The [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] register and maintain the graves there of 186 Commonwealth service personnel of World War I and 8 of World War II, the nationalities being 68 British, 27 South Africans and 25 Canadians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/search-results/?Cemetery=BORDON|title=Search Results &#124; CWGC|website=www.cwgc.org}}</ref>

==Memorial==
A commemorative stone was erected by the Land Electrical and Mechanical Engineers of the [[Canadian Forces]] in June 1985, on the site of the Tin Tabernacle, in memory of members of the Canadian Army who served in Bordon during both world wars.<ref name=NatArch/> The [[maple leaf]] was even adopted by 4 Battalion REME as a background to the "IV" in their logo.<ref name=NatArch/>


==Foxhounds==
==Foxhounds==
In addition to military use, the area is used by the Goschen [[English Foxhound|foxhounds]], [[Chiddingfold]], Leconfield and Cowdray foxhounds, and the Hampshire [[Fox hunting|hunt]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1990/may/03/longmoor-training-area-hunts|date=3 May 1990|title=Longmoor Training Area (Hunts)|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref>
In addition to military use, the area is used by the Goschen [[English Foxhound|foxhounds]], [[Chiddingfold]], Leconfield and Cowdray foxhounds, and the Hampshire [[Fox hunting|hunt]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1990/may/03/longmoor-training-area-hunts|date=3 May 1990|title=Longmoor Training Area (Hunts)|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]}}</ref>

==Incidents==
===Death of Cadet Shore===
Early on the morning of 29 July 1998, Cadet Shore, a 15 year old cadet from the [[Army Cadet Force|ACF]], was hit by a land rover during a fieldcraft exercise on a summer camp.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC News {{!}} UK {{!}} Cadet dies in Land Rover tragedy |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/142523.stm |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> She suffered broken ribs, a ruptured spleen, and a ruptured liver, and later died at the [[Royal Surrey County Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Staff |first=By |date=1999-05-18 |title=Girl crushed to death in cadet exercise |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/may/18/2 |access-date=2024-07-27 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> No prosecutions or disciplinary actions were taken following the death.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spellar |first=John |date=6 June 2000 |title=Army Cadet Death |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2000-06-06/debates/4a4d8e37-8ad4-4a70-bfb2-cef3c5ea2f81/ArmyCadetDeath}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 23:50, 8 December 2024

Longmoor Camp
Longmoor
Modern brick barracks at Longmoor
Longmoor Camp is located in Hampshire
Longmoor Camp
Longmoor Camp
Location within Hampshire
Coordinates51°4′23″N 0°52′8″W / 51.07306°N 0.86889°W / 51.07306; -0.86889
TypeBarracks
Site information
OwnerMinistry of Defence
Operator British Army
Site history
Built1863
Built forWar Office
In use1863–Present

Longmoor Camp is a British Army camp close to the A3 and A325 roads in and around the settlements of Longmoor, Liss and Liphook in Hampshire, England. The main street of the Longmoor part of the camp is built on an ancient Roman road, the Chichester to Silchester Way, while the village of Greatham lies to the west. The combined camp and training area coveres 1,783 hectares (4,410 acres) of wooded areas, heath, wetlands and hard standings.[1] Longmoor Camp and the training areas are still active, and maintained by the Defence Infrastructure Organisation.

The camp is occupied by the Royal Military Police Close Protection Unit.[2]

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]
A map of Longmoor Camp from 1947
No entry to training grounds at Longmoor Camp

In 1863, the War Department had required additional training grounds for British Army troops. They purchased tracts of land totalling 781 acres (316 ha) from Her Majesty's Woods, Forests and Lands at Hogmoor Inclosure and Longmoor on the Surrey/Hampshire borders.[3] However, the Army's main barracks were at Aldershot Garrison, requiring a 20 miles (32 km) march or expensive railway journey to access the new training grounds. This distance also necessitated an overnight stay, most often accomplished by pitching tents east of the A325 road.[4]

The decision was hence made to build two permanent camps close to Woolmer Forest. The proposal was to construct 140 wooden huts on each site, each 72 feet (22 m) long and 21 feet (6.4 m) wide,[5] giving a combined accommodation for 5,000 men.[6] The first site was laid out in 1899 by the Highland Light Infantry, under the command of the Royal Engineers. This became Bordon Camp, an area of approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) long by .5 miles (0.80 km) wide.[6] With construction curtailed on the first site by the Second Boer War, the Army began work at Longmoor Camp. After being laid out by the Royal Engineers in August 1900, construction materials were transported from Bentley railway station, with the resultant damage by commercial traction engines to the public roads bringing about the first trial of pneumatic tyred lorries to the British Army.[6]

Early 20th century

[edit]

In November 1902, the War Department bought the 550 acres (220 ha) Broxhead Warren estate from Sir David Miller Barbour[7] for £20,000, added to by an additional purchase for £18,000 in early 1903.[6] It was decided that the camps at Longmoor would be named after successful battles and locations from the Boer War. The officers' accommodations were named after Seven Years' War commanders, Amherst and Wolfe.[6]

In May 1903, the 1st Battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and the 2nd Battalion of the Wiltshire Regiment were the first to occupy Longmoor camp. However it was built on boggy ground and the troops immediately began to complain of problems and the medical officers of ill health. A decision was immediately made by the War Department to move 68 of the Longmoor huts to the Bordon camp site, between 4 miles (6.4 km) and 6 miles (9.7 km) away.[3]

Second World War

[edit]

When the Canadian Army was looking for a European base, the British Army offered them Bordon and Longmoor Military Camps, which they took over entirely from September 1939 under a British officer commanding the local service and civilian personnel.[8]

Post-war

[edit]

Longmoor housed 5 Railway Training Regiment Royal Engineers[9] which in 1948 became 16 Railway Training Regiment and remained at Longmoor until the railway role was taken over by the Royal Corps of Transport in 1965.[10] Longmoor Military Railway finally closed on 31 October 1969.[11]

Longmoor Camp remains[12] an operational training camp including an urban training centre[13] and extensive ranges.[14] It also houses the close protection training units of the Royal Military Police.[15][16][17]

In 2000, Longmoor Camp hosted a 10-day boot camp for the cast of Band of Brothers, HBO's award-winning miniseries about E (Easy) Company, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division during the Second World War in Europe, ahead of filming. Captain Dale Dye, a Marine veteran who was awarded the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V" for heroism during the Vietnam War and also plays Colonel Robert Sink in the miniseries, operated the boot camp as senior military advisor.[18][19]

Railways

[edit]

Woolmer Light Railway

[edit]
0-4-2 steam engine Gazelle at Longmoor Camp, 28 June 1964

Having reviewed the 1905 wooden hut moving project, the distances involved and the ground to be covered, the decision was made to build twin 18 in (457 mm) railway lines on which to transport the huts. The building and operation of the Woolmer Light Railway was given to the specialist 53rd Railway Company of the Royal Engineers,[3] transferred from Chattenden Camp in Chatham, Kent.[5]

While the laying of the tracks, placed 22 feet (6.7 m) apart, proved relatively easy, the movement of the huts did not. Weighing up to 40 tonnes (44 tons), each hut was jacked by hand 7 feet (2.1 m) into the air using hydraulic jacks, to allow placement of seven wheeled trolleys underneath it. Moved onto the railway and balanced across both tracks on railway trolleys, it was then proceeded by a platform on which was placed: a vertical boiler; a steam winch; a 200 imperial gallons (910 L; 240 US gal) water tank. Twin shire horses provided by the 13th and 59th Companies Army Service Corps[3] would then drag a steel rope up to 500 yards (460 m) up the railway track. There it would be attached to a tree, something else solid, or if nothing else was available a land anchor. The steam-powered winch would then pull the hut forward, and the whole process repeated.[5]

The route took the huts across the rear of ranges No.2 and No.3, straight through No.1 range, across Whitehill crossroads and on across Hogmoor enclosure, into Bordon camp.[3][5] The average speed was 3 miles per hour (4.8 km/h), with additional steam traction engine assistance required up steep hills, and drag ropes and anchors on declines of over 1:6.[5] The average rate of move was three huts a week, with a record set of one hut moved in a day, albeit having been placed on the railway trolley the previous night.[5]

Once the huts were at Bordon, the 23rd Field Company Royal Engineers placed the huts. The movement of the huts was completed in May 1905.[3][5] There were a number of notable accidents. In June 1903, a sapper was crushed to death underneath a hut, while the team attempted a hoist in the rain. A second hut slipped off of its railway trolleys at Whitehill, and was abandoned. It was later converted into the local police station.[5]

Longmoor Military Railway

[edit]
Artist David Shepherd's BR Standard Class 9F No.92203 Black Prince at Longmoor Military Railway, June 1968
Main article: Longmoor Military Railway

The original Woolmer Light Railway was fully authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1902. In 1905, the London and South Western Railway had opened the Bentley and Bordon Light Railway, linking to a new station at Bordon.[20][21]

The War Office decided to formalise the Woolmer Light Railway as a full-time instructional installation, having had to move the 8th and 10th Railway Companies of the Royal Engineers from Chatham, to support the 53rd Company at Longmoor for the hut moving task.[3] Due to the steep grades of the Woolmer Light Railway, quickly surveyed but overcome by anchored steam power, the Royal Engineers surveyed an amended alignment for the proposed 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge line, running closer to the Whitehill – Greatham road.[3]

Workshops, stores and a locomotive shed were built at Longmoor, some of the materials used having been salvaged from the Suakin to Berber military railway, built during the 1880s Sudan Campaign.[3] After works to convert and relay the line were completed in 1907, it became known from 1908 as the Woolmer Instructional Military Railway. After the Liss extension was opened in 1933, with a platform adjacent to those of the Southern Railway serving the Portsmouth Direct Line, it was renamed the Longmoor Military Railway in 1935. Woolmer remained one of the blockposts (signal boxes) on the LMR.[22]

Although initially a single-track (later double track from Whitehill to Longmoor Downs station) end-to-end line running north/south from Bordon eventually to Liss, from 1942 an additional loop ran eastwards from Longmoor Downs station at the camp via a station at Hopkin's Bridge to a triangle junction at Whitehill. This provided circular running, allowing for improved training without the need to run round trains at the termini. The new line was called the Hollywater Loop.[23] As a training railway for both the Army and later the Railway Inspectorate, it was often being constructed/deconstructed.[24]

Former Longmoor Military Railway, looking north from Longmoor Military Camp

Foxhounds

[edit]

In addition to military use, the area is used by the Goschen foxhounds, Chiddingfold, Leconfield and Cowdray foxhounds, and the Hampshire hunt.[25]

Incidents

[edit]

Death of Cadet Shore

[edit]

Early on the morning of 29 July 1998, Cadet Shore, a 15 year old cadet from the ACF, was hit by a land rover during a fieldcraft exercise on a summer camp.[26] She suffered broken ribs, a ruptured spleen, and a ruptured liver, and later died at the Royal Surrey County Hospital.[27] No prosecutions or disciplinary actions were taken following the death.[28]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Ministry of Defence Film Locations". Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 7 February 2011.
  2. ^ "Army 'bodyguard' unit shows off its skills". www.shropshirestar.com. 4 April 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Bordon History". Archived from the original on 31 October 2006. Retrieved 18 February 2012 – via National Archives.
  4. ^ "Woolmer Forest Heritage Society: Training in Bordon". Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h "Building". Woolmer Forest Heritage Society. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Building". Woolmer Forest Heritage Society. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  7. ^ "Parishes: Headley Pages 51-55 A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 3". British History Online. Victoria County History, 1908. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  8. ^ "Barracks". Woolmer Forest Heritage Society. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  9. ^ "British Army units from 1945 on - 5 Regiment". british-army-units1945on.co.uk.
  10. ^ "British Army units from 1945 on - 16 Regiment". british-army-units1945on.co.uk.
  11. ^ "Liss Area Historical Society". www.lissareahistorical.co.uk.
  12. ^ "MoD clarifies Longmoor sale plans". Bordon Herald.
  13. ^ "Refurbishment of Dwellings at Longmoor Training Camp". Mountjoy. 6 June 2017.
  14. ^ "Longmoor Ranges firing times May 2021". GOV.UK.
  15. ^ "Royal Military Police train for close protection". GOV.UK.
  16. ^ "WATCH: Dodging bullets, suicide bombers and snipers '" it's just part of the job for the army's elite '˜bodyguards'". www.portsmouth.co.uk.
  17. ^ "Longmoor Camp cull in defence shake up". Bordon Herald. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  18. ^ Warden, Rick (July 2019). "'Lunch At Longmoor' - Rick Warden takes Band of Brothers actors back to Bootcamp, 18 years on". YouTube. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  19. ^ Home Box Office (2 May 2020). "Ron Livingston's Video Diaries". YouTube. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  20. ^ Ronald, D.W & Carter, R.J (1974). The Longmoor Military Railway. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-6357-3.
  21. ^ Mitchell, V. & Smith, K. (1987). Branch Lines to Longmoor. Midhurst: Middleton Press. ISBN 0-906520-41-X.
  22. ^ "Longmoor". Industrial Railway Society. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  23. ^ "Longmoor". Liss Area Historical Society. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  24. ^ "Sunday 13 May - and then there were none..." (PDF). 2012 Berliner Bulletin. March 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  25. ^ "Longmoor Training Area (Hunts)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 3 May 1990.
  26. ^ "BBC News | UK | Cadet dies in Land Rover tragedy". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  27. ^ Staff, By (18 May 1999). "Girl crushed to death in cadet exercise". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  28. ^ Spellar, John (6 June 2000). "Army Cadet Death".
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