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{{Short description|Japanese sword drawing school}}
{{incomplete|date=November 2017}}
{{Italic title|reason=[[:Category:Japanese words and phrases]]}}
{{Infobox martial art
{{Infobox martial art
| logo =
| logo =
| logocaption =
| logocaption =
| logosize =
| logosize =
| image = Tsuba.jpg
| image = File:Tosaha-shoden_Iaijutsu.jpg
| imagecaption =
| imagecaption =
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| name = ''Battōjutsu''<br />{{nihongo|抜刀術}}
| name = {{nihongo|''Battōjutsu''<br />|抜刀術}}
| aka =
| aka =
| focus = [[Weapon]]ry
| focus = [[Weapon]]ry
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| country = {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Japan]]
| country = {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Japan]]
| creator = -
| creator = -
| parenthood = [[Kenjutsu]] (Sword craft)<br /> To-ho (Sword method)
| parenthood = ''[[Kenjutsu]]'' ('sword craft')<br /> ''Tō-hō'' ('sword method')
| famous_pract =
| famous_pract =
| olympic = No
| olympic = No
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{{nihongo|'''Battōjutsu'''|抜刀術|battō-jutsu}} ("the craft of drawing out the sword") is an old term for iaijutsu. Battōjutsu is often used interchangeably with the terms ''[[iaijutsu]]'' and ''battō''.<ref name="ArmstrongPage32">Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995) "The Koryu Bujutsu Experience" in ''Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan'' (ed. Diane Skoss). Koryu Books. Page 32. {{ISBN|1-890536-04-0}}</ref>
{{nihongo|'''''Battōjutsu'''''|抜刀術|battō-jutsu|'craft of drawing out the sword'}} is an old term for iaijutsu (居合術). ''Battōjutsu'' is often used interchangeably with the terms ''[[iaijutsu]]'' and ''battō'' (抜刀).<ref name="ArmstrongPage32">Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995) "The Koryu Bujutsu Experience" in ''Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan'' (ed. Diane Skoss). Koryu Books. Page 32. {{ISBN|1-890536-04-0}}</ref>


Generally, battōjutsu is practised as a part of a classical [[Ryū_(school)|ryū]] and is closely integrated with the tradition of [[kenjutsu]] and is practised with the live-blade, [[katana]], often as simply the sole kata.<ref name="ArmstrongPage32" /> The training is for combative effectiveness,<ref>Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995) "The Koryu Bujutsu Experience" in ''Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan'' (ed. Diane Skoss). Koryu Books. Page 33. {{ISBN|1-890536-04-0}}</ref> through factors such as [[distancing]], timing and targeting. As such, battōjutsu is not intended for sport-like or "spiritual" purposes as are modern budo like [[iaido]] and [[kendo]].<ref>Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995) "The Koryu Bujutsu Experience" in ''Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan'' (ed. Diane Skoss). Koryu Books. Page 31. {{ISBN|1-890536-04-0}}</ref>
Generally, ''battōjutsu'' is practiced as a part of a classical ''[[Ryū (school)|ryū]]'' and is closely integrated with the tradition of ''[[kenjutsu]]''. It is practised with a live blade (''[[katana]]''), often simply as solo kata.<ref name="ArmstrongPage32" /> The training is for combative effectiveness,<ref>Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995) "The Koryu Bujutsu Experience" in ''Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan'' (ed. Diane Skoss). Koryu Books. Page 33. {{ISBN|1-890536-04-0}}</ref> through factors such as [[distancing]], timing and targeting. As such, ''battōjutsu'' is not intended for sport-like [[kendo]].<ref>Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995) "The Koryu Bujutsu Experience" in ''Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan'' (ed. Diane Skoss). Koryu Books. Page 31. {{ISBN|1-890536-04-0}}</ref>


==List of schools==
==List of schools==
{{refimprove-section|date=September 2021}}
Old school:
Koryu school:
* Shinmei Muso Ryu Battōjutsu(神明夢想流 抜刀術), founded by Hayashizaki Jinsuke (Minamoto no) Shigenobu(林崎甚助(源)重信)(c.1542-1621)
* Sekiguchi Ryu Battōjutsu (or Iai)(関口流抜刀術), founded by Sekiguchi Ujinari (関口氏業)(1636-1716)
* Shinmei Muso Ryu Battōjutsu (神明夢想流 抜刀術), founded by Hayashizaki Jinsuke (Minamoto no) Shigenobu(林崎甚助(源)重信) (c. 1542–1621)
* Sekiguchi Ryu Battōjutsu (or Iai) (関口流抜刀術), founded by Sekiguchi Ujinari (関口氏業) (1636–1716)


Modern schools developed after the beginning of the Meiji era:
Gendai schools developed after the beginning of the Meiji era:
* [[Toyama-ryū]](戸山流), founded in 1925 at Japanese Army Toyama school(陸軍戸山学校). The founder is not a specific person. First, light colonel Morinaga Kiyoshi(森永清 中佐) selected 5 kata produced by Nakayama Hakudo(中山博道) arranged tachi-iai. The school teached Toyama-ryu for the student, but did not teached all the Japanese Army. In 1940, Mochida Seiji(持田盛二) and Saimura Goro (斎村吾郎) added and revised the kata. In November, the textbook of Toyama-ryu is distribute widely in the Japanese Army.In 1942, Added running slash type kata for cavalry charge for the war.
* [[Toyama-ryū]] (戸山流), was founded in 1925 at the Rikugun Toyama Gakkō (Toyama Army Academy) (陸軍戸山学校). This system of swordsmanship was developed for the military by a committee including sword masters [[Nakayama Hakudō]] (中山博道) and Takano Sasaburo (高野佐三郎), and Lieutenant Colonel Morinaga Kiyoshi (森永清 中佐). Morinaga selected 5 kata produced by Nakayama arranged in tachi-iai. Toyama-ryu was not taught generally but was reserved for officers, as they still carried swords. In 1940, Mochida Seiji (持田盛二) and Saimura Goro (斎村吾郎) added and revised the kata. In November of 1941, an official manual on Toyama-ryu was distributed widely within the Japanese Army. In 1942, a running slash-type kata geared toward cavalry charges was added.
* [[Nakamura-ryū]]中村流, founded Nakamura Taizaburō(中村泰三郎) in the mid-20th century, who had previously taught Toyama-ryū<ref>Draeger, Donn F. (1974) ''Modern Bujutsu & Budo: The Martial Arts and Ways of Japan (Vol. III)''. New York: Weatherhill. Page 67. {{ISBN|0-8348-0351-8}}</ref>
* [[Nakamura-ryū]] (中村流), founded in the mid-20th century by Nakamura Taizaburō (中村泰三郎), who had previously taught Gunto no Soho at the Toyama Academy.<ref>Draeger, Donn F. (1974) ''Modern Bujutsu & Budo: The Martial Arts and Ways of Japan (Vol. III)''. New York: Weatherhill. Page 67. {{ISBN|0-8348-0351-8}}</ref>
* Zen Nihon Batto Do Renmei(全日本抜刀道連盟) or ZNBDR was created in 1977 under Nakamura Taizaburo which practice 5 Shoden Seitei and 8 Chuden Seitei Kata.
* Zen Nihon Batto Do Renmei (全日本抜刀道連盟) or ZNBDR was created in 1977 under Nakamura Taizaburo which practice 5 Shoden Seitei and 8 Chuden Seitei Kata.
* Dai Nihon Batto Ho (大日本抜刀法) was created in 1939 by Kono Hyakuren for the Japanese Naval Academy. It contains 12 Waza, 7 Shoden Kata and 5 Okuden Kata. Today it is taught as Eishin Ryu Batto Ho and included 10 Eishin-ryu kumitachi.
* Enshin Itto Ryu Battojutsu (円⼼⼀⼑流 抜⼑術) was created in 1936 by Machita Genshinsai and his Father. It contains 6 Levels. The main roots came from [[Kashima Shintō-ryū|Kashima Shinto Ryu]] and [[Hokushin Ittō-ryū|Hokushin Itto Ryu]], and some else. The ancestors of Machita Sensei served under the famous Aizu Clan and fought in the Boshin War. From their mother's side the roots date back to the Satake Clan. Nowadays the Ryuha is a part of the Enbukan (円武館), under the guidance by Machita Fudoshin Soke.


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 00:25, 9 December 2024

Battōjutsu
(抜刀術)
FocusWeaponry
HardnessNon-competitive
Country of originJapan Japan
Creator-
ParenthoodKenjutsu ('sword craft')
Tō-hō ('sword method')
Olympic sportNo

Battōjutsu (抜刀術, battō-jutsu, 'craft of drawing out the sword') is an old term for iaijutsu (居合術). Battōjutsu is often used interchangeably with the terms iaijutsu and battō (抜刀).[1]

Generally, battōjutsu is practiced as a part of a classical ryū and is closely integrated with the tradition of kenjutsu. It is practised with a live blade (katana), often simply as solo kata.[1] The training is for combative effectiveness,[2] through factors such as distancing, timing and targeting. As such, battōjutsu is not intended for sport-like kendo.[3]

List of schools

[edit]

Koryu school:

  • Shinmei Muso Ryu Battōjutsu (神明夢想流 抜刀術), founded by Hayashizaki Jinsuke (Minamoto no) Shigenobu(林崎甚助(源)重信) (c. 1542–1621)
  • Sekiguchi Ryu Battōjutsu (or Iai) (関口流抜刀術), founded by Sekiguchi Ujinari (関口氏業) (1636–1716)

Gendai schools developed after the beginning of the Meiji era:

  • Toyama-ryū (戸山流), was founded in 1925 at the Rikugun Toyama Gakkō (Toyama Army Academy) (陸軍戸山学校). This system of swordsmanship was developed for the military by a committee including sword masters Nakayama Hakudō (中山博道) and Takano Sasaburo (高野佐三郎), and Lieutenant Colonel Morinaga Kiyoshi (森永清 中佐). Morinaga selected 5 kata produced by Nakayama arranged in tachi-iai. Toyama-ryu was not taught generally but was reserved for officers, as they still carried swords. In 1940, Mochida Seiji (持田盛二) and Saimura Goro (斎村吾郎) added and revised the kata. In November of 1941, an official manual on Toyama-ryu was distributed widely within the Japanese Army. In 1942, a running slash-type kata geared toward cavalry charges was added.
  • Nakamura-ryū (中村流), founded in the mid-20th century by Nakamura Taizaburō (中村泰三郎), who had previously taught Gunto no Soho at the Toyama Academy.[4]
  • Zen Nihon Batto Do Renmei (全日本抜刀道連盟) or ZNBDR was created in 1977 under Nakamura Taizaburo which practice 5 Shoden Seitei and 8 Chuden Seitei Kata.
  • Dai Nihon Batto Ho (大日本抜刀法) was created in 1939 by Kono Hyakuren for the Japanese Naval Academy. It contains 12 Waza, 7 Shoden Kata and 5 Okuden Kata. Today it is taught as Eishin Ryu Batto Ho and included 10 Eishin-ryu kumitachi.
  • Enshin Itto Ryu Battojutsu (円⼼⼀⼑流 抜⼑術) was created in 1936 by Machita Genshinsai and his Father. It contains 6 Levels. The main roots came from Kashima Shinto Ryu and Hokushin Itto Ryu, and some else. The ancestors of Machita Sensei served under the famous Aizu Clan and fought in the Boshin War. From their mother's side the roots date back to the Satake Clan. Nowadays the Ryuha is a part of the Enbukan (円武館), under the guidance by Machita Fudoshin Soke.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995) "The Koryu Bujutsu Experience" in Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan (ed. Diane Skoss). Koryu Books. Page 32. ISBN 1-890536-04-0
  2. ^ Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995) "The Koryu Bujutsu Experience" in Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan (ed. Diane Skoss). Koryu Books. Page 33. ISBN 1-890536-04-0
  3. ^ Armstrong, Hunter B. (1995) "The Koryu Bujutsu Experience" in Koryu Bujutsu: Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan (ed. Diane Skoss). Koryu Books. Page 31. ISBN 1-890536-04-0
  4. ^ Draeger, Donn F. (1974) Modern Bujutsu & Budo: The Martial Arts and Ways of Japan (Vol. III). New York: Weatherhill. Page 67. ISBN 0-8348-0351-8
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