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Stadtbahn street running, in Heilbronn

Stadtbahn on main-line railway

Kassel RegioTram dual voltage DC/AC Alstom RegioCitadis next to a KVG Bombardier Flexity Classic tram at Königsplatz

Kassel RegioTram dual mode diesel/electric Alstom RegioCitadis approaching Wolfhagen using diesel power, on main-line railway

A "DUO" Combino on the Nordhausen urban tramway, where it is electrically powered via overhead wires.

A "DUO" Combino at Ilfeld station on the HSB rural railway, where it is powered by an onboard diesel engine.

A tram-train in Rome, Italy

A tram-train in Sassari, Italy

A tram-train is a type of light rail vehicle that both meets the standards of a light rail system, and also national mainline standards. Tramcars are adapted to be capable of running on streets like an urban tramway but also be permitted operation alongside mainline trains. This allows services that can utilise both existing urban light rail systems and mainline railway networks and stations. It combines the urban accessibility of a tram or light rail with a mainline train's greater speed in the suburbs.^[1]

The modern tram-train concept was pioneered by the German city of Karlsruhe in the late 1980s,^[2] resulting in the creation of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn. This concept is often referred to as the Karlsruhe model,^[1] and it has since been adopted in other cities such as Mulhouse in France^[1] and in Kassel, Nordhausen and Saarbrücken in Germany.^[2]

An inversion of the concept is a train-tram – a mainline train adapted to run on-street in an urban tramway, also known as the Zwickau Model.

Technology

The tram-train often is a type of interurban^[3] — that is, they link separate towns or cities, according to George W. Hilton and John F. Due's definition.^[4]

Most tram-trains are standard gauge, which facilitates sharing track with main-line trains. Exceptions include Alicante Tram and Nordhausen, which are metre gauge.

Tram-train vehicles are dual-equipped to suit the needs of both tram and train operating modes, with support for multiple electrification voltages if required and safety equipment such as train stops and other railway signalling equipment. The Karlsruhe and Saarbrücken systems use "PZB" or "Indusi" automatic train protection, so that if the driver passes a signal at a stop the emergency brakes are applied.

History

The idea is not new; in the early 20th century, interurban streetcar lines often operated on dedicated rights-of-way between towns, while running on street trackage in town. The first interurban to emerge in the United States was the Newark and Granville Street Railway in Ohio, which opened in 1889. In 1924, in Hobart, Australia, sharing of tracks between trams and trains was proposed.^[5]

The difference between modern tram-trains and the older interurban and radial railways is that tram-trains are built to meet mainline railway standards, rather than ignoring them. An exception is the United States' River Line in New Jersey, which runs along freight tracks with time separation; passenger trains run by day, and freight by night.

Existing systems

Asia

Japan

Fukui: Fukui Fukubu Line

Europe

Germany

Hungary

Szeged-Hódmezővásárhely tram-train (2021)

Italy

Netherlands

The Hague-Rotterdam: RandstadRail

Portugal

Porto:
- Porto Metro Line B/Bx (opening 2005)
- Porto Metro Line C (opening 2005)

Spain

United Kingdom

England

Sheffield - Rotherham: South Yorkshire Supertram (2018)

Wales

Cardiff & South Wales Valleys: South Wales Metro (2024)

North America

New Jersey: River Line – diesel multiple units using main line tracks between Trenton, New Jersey and Camden, New Jersey in a time-sharing agreement with the freight companies.
Puebla, Mexico: Puebla-Cholula Tourist Train (2017-2021; trains now sold to Tren Interoceánico)
San Diego, California: San Diego Trolley

Proposed systems

Africa

The October 6th Tram system (The O6T), Cairo, Egypt

Asia

Haifa–Nazareth, Israel^[9]
Keelung Light Rail Transit (Nangang-Keelung), Taiwan^{[citation needed]}

Europe

Braunschweig, Germany
Bratislava, Slovakia
Cardiff, United Kingdom. Wales & Borders franchise: South Wales Valley Lines (2022 - 2023) - rolling stock currently under construction.
Debrecen, Hungary ^[10]
Erlangen, Germany – an extension of Straßenbahn Nürnberg not initially planned to use mainline rail tracks but proposed to do so in the future. The planned line to Herzogenaurach replicates a former mainline rail line
Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
Greater Manchester, United Kingdom. Proposed extensions to the Manchester Metrolink network.^[1]^[11]
Grenoble, France
Groningen, Netherlands
Kiel, Germany
Kyiv, Ukraine
Košice, Slovakia^[12] (in planning phase)
León, Spain
Liberec — Jablonec nad Nisou, Czech Republic
Linköping, Sweden
Linz, Austria (in planning phase)
Manresa, Spain
Metro Mondego, Coimbra, Portugal
RijnGouweLijn, Netherlands
Metro de Sevilla. Seville has one metro line and one tram line that are not connected, but the long-term intention is to link the metro and tram systems.
Oradea, Romania - The first romanian tram-train will be in Oradea, featuring several lines, and connecting the city to the villages near, like Borș, Băile Felix or Sântandrei. The tram-train in Oradea is in planning phase, some parts of the project already accepted by the local government.
Sevastopol^[13]
Strasbourg, France
Szeged, Hungary. Two other destinations are being considered as of January 2022 besides the Szeged - Hódmezővásárhely line, which entered operation in November 2021. The Szeged - Subotica (Serbia) line is in early planning phase.^[14] A preparatory study was also completed for the Szeged - Makó line,^[15] but the estimated costs were high, and it is also dependent on a new road-rail bridge over the river Tisa only in planning phase as of now.
TramCamp, Camp de Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
Wrocław, Poland (2005) — 600 V DC/3 kV DC
Riga, Latvia
Turku, Finland
West Midlands conurbation, United Kingdom. Proposed extensions to the West Midlands Metro.

Oceania

Adelaide, South Australia – On June 5, 2008, the Government of South Australia announced plans for train-tram operation on the Adelaide Metro's Outer Harbor/Grange train lines and City West-Glenelg tramline extension as part of a 10-year A$2 billion public transport upgrade.^[16]
Hobart Tasmania

South America

Vehicles

Models of tram designed for tram-train operation include:

Alstom's RegioCitadis and Citadis Dualis, derived from the Citadis
Bombardier Flexity Link and Bombardier Flexity Swift
Siemens S70
Stadler Citylink

Train-tram

Europe

Zwickau: Trams in Zwickau – on-board diesel generator (light-weight RegioSprinter diesel railbuses that also operate on street tramway)

North America

Austin, Texas: Capital MetroRail – commuter rail that shares more commonality with train-tram operation, with downtown street running and usage of mainline track. Uses diesel multiple units.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Tram-train: Making new connections". tautonline.com. Tramways & Urban Transit. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Uk tram-train: Learning lessons". tautonline.com. Tramways & Urban Transit. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
^ "UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Germany > Hessen > Kassel Tram / Straßenbahn".
^ Hilton, George Woodman; Due, John Fitzgerald (2000) [1960]. The Electric Interurban Railways in America. Stanford University Press. Original preface, 1960 page ix.
^ "TRAMS AND TRAINS". The Mercury. Hobart, Tasmania. 12 February 1924. p. 6. Retrieved 21 April 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "TRAUNSEETRAM - Stern & Hafferl Verkehr".
^ "Aarhus tram-train project gets the go-ahead". Railway Gazette International. 10 May 2012.
^ Haydock, David (April 2011). "France's first real tram train". Today's Railways. Platform 5 Publishing Ltd. pp. 37–40.
^ "Tram-Train for Haifa-Nazareth.(Transit News)". Archived from the original on 2014-06-29.
^ "Tram-trains may also run between Debrecen and Oradea in the future". www.debrecen.hu. Retrieved 2024-03-03.
^ Place North West (7 January 2019). "Metrolink heads to Stalybridge and Middleton in 2040 expansion". Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
^ "Planovane-modernizacie-elektrickovych-trati-MET-a-Integrovany-dopravny-system-IDS" (PDF).
^ "Agency Strategic Initiative" (PDF).
^ "Jöhet a Szeged-Szabadka tram-train, megjelent a tender – Szegedi hírek". Szeged365 (in Hungarian). 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
^ "Szeged-Makó elővárosi közösségi közlekedés vizsgálata - Döntéselőkészítő Tanulmány (Közlekedés - Pro-Urbe - V-Plan - Uvaterv - Unitef)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
^ Adelaidemetro.com.au Archived July 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
^ "El tren tranvía ya tiene la firma para arrancar - Cali - Colombia - ELTIEMPO.COM".

External links

[connections-1] "Tram-train: Making new connections". tautonline.com. Tramways & Urban Transit. Retrieved 28 January 2022.

[lessons-2] "Uk tram-train: Learning lessons". tautonline.com. Tramways & Urban Transit. Retrieved 28 January 2022.

[3] "UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Germany > Hessen > Kassel Tram / Straßenbahn".

[4] Hilton, George Woodman; Due, John Fitzgerald (2000) [1960]. The Electric Interurban Railways in America. Stanford University Press. Original preface, 1960 page ix.

[5] "TRAMS AND TRAINS". The Mercury. Hobart, Tasmania. 12 February 1924. p. 6. Retrieved 21 April 2012 – via National Library of Australia.

[6] "TRAUNSEETRAM - Stern & Hafferl Verkehr".

[rgi20120510-7] "Aarhus tram-train project gets the go-ahead". Railway Gazette International. 10 May 2012.

[tre184-8] Haydock, David (April 2011). "France's first real tram train". Today's Railways. Platform 5 Publishing Ltd. pp. 37–40.

[9] "Tram-Train for Haifa-Nazareth.(Transit News)". Archived from the original on 2014-06-29.

[10] "Tram-trains may also run between Debrecen and Oradea in the future". www.debrecen.hu. Retrieved 2024-03-03.

[stalybridge-11] Place North West (7 January 2019). "Metrolink heads to Stalybridge and Middleton in 2040 expansion". Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.

[12] "Planovane-modernizacie-elektrickovych-trati-MET-a-Integrovany-dopravny-system-IDS" (PDF).

[13] "Agency Strategic Initiative" (PDF).

[14] "Jöhet a Szeged-Szabadka tram-train, megjelent a tender – Szegedi hírek". Szeged365 (in Hungarian). 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2022-01-04.

[15] "Szeged-Makó elővárosi közösségi közlekedés vizsgálata - Döntéselőkészítő Tanulmány (Közlekedés - Pro-Urbe - V-Plan - Uvaterv - Unitef)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2012-12-22.

[16] Adelaidemetro.com.au Archived July 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

[17] "El tren tranvía ya tiene la firma para arrancar - Cali - Colombia - ELTIEMPO.COM".

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@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
  | image2 = Harzquerbahn Merkwürdige Zugkreuzung - geo.hlipp.de -1016.jpg
  | alt2 = A tram-train at a railway station
- | caption2 = A [[Trams in Nordhausen|Nordhausen]] "DUO" [[Combino]] at Ilfeld station on the HSB ([[Harzer Schmalspurbahn]]) rural railway, where it is powered by an onboard diesel engine.
+ | caption2 = A "DUO" [[Combino]] at Ilfeld station on the [[Harzer Schmalspurbahn|HSB]] rural railway, where it is powered by an onboard diesel engine.
  | footer =
 }}
+{{multiple image
+ | align = right
-A '''[[tram]]-train''' is a type of [[light rail]] vehicle that meets the standards of a light rail system (usually an urban street running tramway), but which also meets national mainline standards permitting operation alongside mainline [[trains]]. This allows services that can utilise both existing urban light rail systems and mainline railway networks &and stations. It combines the urban accessibility of a tram or light rail with a mainline train's greater speed in the suburbs.<ref name="connections">{{cite web |title=Tram-train: Making new connections |url=http://www.tautonline.com/tram-train-making-new-connections/ |website=tautonline.com |publisher=[[Tramways & Urban Transit]]|access-date=28 January 2022}}</ref>
+ | total_width = 420
+ | image1 = Řím, Porta Maggiore, úzkorozchodná elektrická jednotka.jpg
+ | alt1 = A tram-train on street
+ | caption1 = A [[Rome–Giardinetti railway|tram-train in Rome]], Italy
+ | image2 = Sasstram.jpg
+ | alt2 = A tram-train on street
+ | caption2 = A [[Metrosassari|tram-train in Sassari]], Italy
+ | footer =
+}}
+A '''[[tram]]-train''' is a type of [[light rail]] vehicle that both meets the standards of a light rail system, and also national mainline standards. Tramcars are adapted to be capable of running on streets like an urban tramway but also be permitted operation alongside mainline [[trains]]. This allows services that can utilise both existing urban light rail systems and mainline railway networks and stations. It combines the urban accessibility of a tram or light rail with a mainline train's greater speed in the suburbs.<ref name="connections">{{cite web |title=Tram-train: Making new connections |url=http://www.tautonline.com/tram-train-making-new-connections/ |website=tautonline.com |publisher=[[Tramways & Urban Transit]]|access-date=28 January 2022}}</ref>
 The modern tram-train concept was pioneered by the German city of [[Karlsruhe]] in the late 1980s,<ref name="lessons">{{cite web |title=Uk tram-train: Learning lessons |url=http://www.tautonline.com/uk-tram-train-learning-lessons/ |website=tautonline.com |publisher=[[Tramways & Urban Transit]]|access-date=28 January 2022}}</ref> resulting in the creation of the [[Karlsruhe Stadtbahn]]. This concept is often referred to as the [[Karlsruhe model]],<ref name="connections"/> and it has since been adopted in other cities such as [[Mulhouse tramway|Mulhouse]] in France<ref name="connections"/> and in [[Kassel RegioTram|Kassel]], [[Trams in Nordhausen|Nordhausen]] and [[Saarbrücken]] in Germany.<ref name="lessons"/>
-An inversion of the concept is a '''train-tram'''; a mainline train adapted to run on-street in an urban tramway, also known as the [[Zwickau Model]].
+An inversion of the concept is a '''train-tram''' – a mainline train adapted to run on-street in an urban tramway, also known as the [[Zwickau Model]].
 ==Technology==
-The tram-train often is a type of [[interurban]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/de/ks/kassel.htm|title=UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Germany > Hessen > Kassel Tram / Straßenbahn}}</ref> - that is, they link separate towns or cities, according to George W. Hilton and John F. Due's definition.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hilton |first1=George Woodman |last2=Due |first2=John Fitzgerald |title=The Electric Interurban Railways in America |date=2000 |orig-year=1960 |publisher=Stanford University Press |at= Original preface, 1960 page ix}}</ref>
+The tram-train often is a type of [[interurban]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/de/ks/kassel.htm|title=UrbanRail.Net > Europe > Germany > Hessen > Kassel Tram / Straßenbahn}}</ref>&nbsp;— that is, they link separate towns or cities, according to George W. Hilton and John F. Due's definition.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hilton |first1=George Woodman |last2=Due |first2=John Fitzgerald |title=The Electric Interurban Railways in America |date=2000 |orig-year=1960 |publisher=Stanford University Press |at= Original preface, 1960 page ix}}</ref>
 Most tram-trains are [[Standard-gauge railway|standard gauge]], which facilitates sharing track with main-line trains. Exceptions include [[Alicante Tram]] and [[Trams in Nordhausen|Nordhausen]], which are [[Metre-gauge railway|metre gauge]].
-Tram-train vehicles are dual-equipped to suit the needs of both tram and train operating modes, with support for multiple electrification voltages if required and safety equipment such as [[train stop]]s and other railway signalling equipment. The Karlsruhe and [[Saarbrücken]] systems use "[[Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung|PZB]]" or "Indusi" [[automatic train protection]], so that if the driver passes a signal at stop the emergency brakes are applied.
+Tram-train vehicles are dual-equipped to suit the needs of both tram and train operating modes, with support for multiple electrification voltages if required and safety equipment such as [[train stop]]s and other railway signalling equipment. The Karlsruhe and [[Saarbrücken]] systems use "[[Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung|PZB]]" or "Indusi" [[automatic train protection]], so that if the driver passes a signal at a stop the emergency brakes are applied.
 ==History==
@@ Line 66: / Line 76: @@
 * [[Gmunden]]: [[Gmunden Tramway|Traunsee Tram]] (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stern-verkehr.at/portfolio/traunseetram/ |title = TRAUNSEETRAM - Stern & Hafferl Verkehr}}</ref>
-* [[Vienna]]: [[Badner Bahn]]
+* [[Vienna]] - [[Baden bei Wien]]: [[Badner Bahn]]
 ==== Denmark ====
@@ Line 81: / Line 91: @@
 ** [[Île-de-France tramway Line 4|Tramway Line 4]] (2006)
 ** [[Île-de-France tramway Line 11 Express|Tramway Line 11 Express]] (2017)
+** [[Île-de-France tramway Line 12 Express|Tramway Line 12 Express]] (2023)
+** [[Île-de-France tramway Line 13 Express|Tramway Line 13 Express]] (2022)
 ==== Germany ====
-* [[Chemnitz]]: [[Trams in Chemnitz|Chemnitz Tramway]]
+* [[Chemnitz]]: [[City-Bahn Chemnitz]]
 * [[Karlsruhe]]: [[Stadtbahn Karlsruhe]]
 * [[Kassel]]: [[Kassel RegioTram]] (2006)
@@ Line 95: / Line 107: @@
 ==== Italy ====
+* [[Rome]]: [[Rome–Giardinetti railway]]
 * [[Sassari]]: [[Metrosassari]]
@@ Line 112: / Line 124: @@
 * [[Alicante]]: [[Alicante Tram]] (2007)
 * [[Mallorca]]: [[Mallorca rail network]]
-* [[Cádiz]]: [[Cádiz Bay tram-train]] (opening 2022)
+* [[Cádiz]]: [[Cádiz Bay tram-train]] (2022)
 ==== United Kingdom ====
+===== England =====
-* [[Sheffield]] - [[Rotherham]]: [[Sheffield Supertram]] (2018)
-* [[Cardiff]]: [[South Wales Metro]] (2023)
+* [[Sheffield]] - [[Rotherham]]: [[South Yorkshire Supertram]] (2018)
+===== Wales =====
+* [[Cardiff]] & [[South Wales Valleys]]: [[South Wales Metro]] (2024)
 ===North America===
+*[[New Jersey]]: [[River Line (NJ Transit)|River Line]] – [[diesel multiple unit]]s using main line tracks between [[Trenton, New Jersey]] and [[Camden, New Jersey]] in a time-sharing agreement with the freight companies.
-*[[Puebla (city)|Puebla]], [[Mexico]]: [[Puebla-Cholula Tourist Train]]
+*[[Puebla (city)|Puebla]], [[Mexico]]: [[Puebla-Cholula Tourist Train]] (2017-2021; trains now sold to [[Tren Interoceánico]])
+*[[San Diego]], [[California]]: [[San Diego Trolley]]
 ==Proposed systems==
@@ Line 135: / Line 154: @@
 * [[Bratislava]], [[Slovakia]]
 * [[Cardiff]], United Kingdom. Wales & Borders franchise: South Wales Valley Lines (2022 - 2023) - rolling stock currently under construction.
+* [[Debrecen]], Hungary <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tram-trains may also run between Debrecen and Oradea in the future |url=https://www.debrecen.hu/en/local/news/tram-trains-may-also-run-between-debrecen-and-oradea-in-the-future |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=www.debrecen.hu |language=en}}</ref>
 * [[Erlangen]], Germany – an extension of [[Straßenbahn Nürnberg]] not initially planned to use mainline rail tracks but proposed to do so in the future. The planned line to [[Herzogenaurach]] replicates a former mainline rail line
+* [[Trams in Gorzów Wielkopolski|Gorzów Wielkopolski]], Poland
 * [[Greater Manchester]], United Kingdom. Proposed extensions to the [[Manchester Metrolink]] network.<ref name="connections"/><ref name="stalybridge">{{cite web|url=https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/news/metrolink-heads-to-stalybridge-and-middleton-in-2040-expansion/ |title=Metrolink heads to Stalybridge and Middleton in 2040 expansion|date=7 January 2019|author=Place North West|access-date=30 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301044640/https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/news/metrolink-heads-to-stalybridge-and-middleton-in-2040-expansion/|archive-date=1 March 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
 * [[Grenoble]], France
 * [[Groningen (city)|Groningen]], Netherlands
-* [[île de France]] (Paris region), France. The system is called ''Tram Express'' by the transport authority [[Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France|STIF]]:  1 line already exists (Tramway Line 11 Express) and 2&nbsp;lines are scheduled (Tramway Lines 12 Express and 13 Express). The light train rolling stock will only roll on national rail network in western line (''[[Île-de-France tramway Line 13 Express|Line 13 Express]]'') a short section of 3.6&nbsp;km (2.2&nbsp;mi) is an urban tram section of the 19&nbsp;km (11.8&nbsp;mi) line. The southern line (''[[Île-de-France tramway Line 12 Express|Line 12 Express]]'') is a 20&nbsp;km (12.4&nbsp;mi) line, 10&nbsp;km will be ''tram'' section and the 10&nbsp;km another will roll on national rail network.
 * [[Kiel]], Germany
 * [[Kyiv]], Ukraine
@@ Line 146: / Line 166: @@
 * [[Liberec]] — [[Jablonec nad Nisou]], [[Czech Republic]]
 * [[Linköping]], Sweden
+* [[Linz]], Austria (in planning phase)
 * [[Manresa]], Spain
 * [[Metro Mondego]], [[Coimbra]], Portugal
 * [[RijnGouweLijn]], Netherlands
 * [[Metro de Sevilla]]. Seville has one metro line and one tram line that are not connected, but the long-term intention is to link the metro and tram systems.
+* [[Oradea]], Romania - The first romanian tram-train will be in Oradea, featuring several lines, and connecting the city to the villages near, like Borș, Băile Felix or Sântandrei. The tram-train in Oradea is in planning phase, some parts of the project already accepted by the local government.
 * [[Sevastopol]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Agency Strategic Initiative|url=https://idea.asi.ru/attachments/6/99/943a5f-804a-4e4f-9271-f0422b44dbd6/%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%92%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%AC_-_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%96%D0%94_-_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_-_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%92.%D0%92__%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%98_.pdf}}</ref>
 * [[Strasbourg]], France
@@ Line 156: / Line 178: @@
 * [[Tramways in Wrocław|Wrocław]], Poland (2005) — [[600VDC|600 V DC]]/[[3kVDC|3 kV DC]]
 * [[Riga]], [[Latvia]]
-* [[Tampere]], Finland
 * [[Turku]], Finland
 * [[West Midlands conurbation]], United Kingdom. Proposed extensions to the [[West Midlands Metro]].
 ===Oceania===
-* [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]] – On June 5, 2008, the [[Government of South Australia]] announced plans for train-tram operation on the [[Adelaide Metro]]'s [[Outer Harbor railway line|Outer Harbor]]/[[Grange railway line|Grange]] train lines and [[Glenelg tram line|City West-Glenelg]] tramline extension as part of a 10-year A$2 billion public transport upgrade.<ref>[http://www.adelaidemetro.com.au/general/pdfs/OMPbudget.pdf Adelaidemetro.com.au<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721062628/http://www.adelaidemetro.com.au/general/pdfs/OMPbudget.pdf |date=July 21, 2008 }}</ref>
+* [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]] – On June 5, 2008, the [[Government of South Australia]] announced plans for train-tram operation on the [[Adelaide Metro]]'s [[Outer Harbor and Port Dock lines|Outer Harbor]]/[[Grange line|Grange]] train lines and [[Glenelg tram line|City West-Glenelg]] tramline extension as part of a 10-year A$2 billion public transport upgrade.<ref>[http://www.adelaidemetro.com.au/general/pdfs/OMPbudget.pdf Adelaidemetro.com.au<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080721062628/http://www.adelaidemetro.com.au/general/pdfs/OMPbudget.pdf |date=July 21, 2008 }}</ref>
+*[[Hobart]] [[Tasmania]]
 ===South America===
 * [[RegioTram|Bogotá Commuter Rail (RegioTram)]], [[Colombia]]
-* [[Cali]], [[Colombia]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/cali/el-tren-tranvia-ya-tiene-la-firma-para-arrancar-209212| title = El tren tranvía ya tiene la firma para arrancar - Cali - Colombia - ELTIEMPO.COM}} </ref>
+* [[Cali]], [[Colombia]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/cali/el-tren-tranvia-ya-tiene-la-firma-para-arrancar-209212| title = El tren tranvía ya tiene la firma para arrancar - Cali - Colombia - ELTIEMPO.COM}}</ref>
 ==Vehicles==
@@ Line 176: / Line 198: @@
 == Train-tram ==
 [[File:Zwickau TrainTram.jpg|thumb|The ''[[Zwickau Model]]'' has main-line lightweight diesel tram-trains running through urban streets.]]
 === Europe ===
@@ Line 182: / Line 205: @@
 === North America ===
 *[[Austin, Texas]]: [[Capital MetroRail]] – [[commuter rail]] that shares more commonality with train-tram operation, with downtown [[street running]] and usage of mainline track. Uses [[diesel multiple unit]]s.
-*[[New Jersey]]: [[River Line (NJ Transit)|River Line]] – [[diesel multiple unit]]s using main line tracks between [[Trenton, New Jersey]] and [[Camden, New Jersey]] in a time-sharing agreement with the freight companies.
 == See also ==
@@ Line 200: / Line 222: @@
 * [https://www.ihs.com/products/janes-urban-transport-systems.html (Jane's) Urban Transit Systems]
+{{Trams}}
 {{Public transport}}
 {{Authority control}}

v t e Public transport
Bus service	Bus driver list Bus rapid transit Express bus Guided bus Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit Intercity bus Open top bus Charabanc Public light bus Rail replacement bus Share taxi/Taxibus Marshrutka Pesero Shuttle bus Transit bus Trolleybus
Rail	Passenger rail terminology glossary Airport rail link Commuter rail Elevated railway Funicular Heritage railway Heritage streetcar High-speed rail Higher-speed rail Inter-city rail Interurban Maglev Monorail Narrow-gauge railway People mover Railbus Metro/Rapid Transit Medium-capacity rail system Rubber-tyred metro Regional rail Street running Suspension railway Tram Cable car Horsecar Light rail Tram-train
Vehicles for hire	Auto rickshaw taxi Boda boda Combination bus Cycle rickshaw Demand-responsive transport Microtransit Paratransit Dollar van Dolmuş Hackney carriage Jeepney Limousine Motorcycle taxi Marshrutka Nanny van Personal rapid transit Pesero Public light bus Pulled rickshaw Share taxi Songthaew Taxi Tuk tuk
Carpooling	Car jockey Flexible carpooling Real-time ridesharing Slugging Vanpool
Ship	Cable ferry Ferry Gondola Hovercraft Hydrofoil Ocean liner Vaporetto Water taxi
Cable	Aerial tramway Cable ferry Cable railway Elevator Funicular Gondola lift bicable tricable Inclined elevator
Other transport	Airline Airliner Carsharing Bicycle-sharing Scooter-sharing Elevator Escalator Horse-drawn vehicle Hyperloop Inclined elevator Moving walkway Personal transporter Robotaxi Shweeb Slope car Trackless train Vactrain
Locations	Airport Bus bulb Bus garage Bus lane Bus stand Bus station Bus stop Bus turnout (bus bay) Dry dock Ferry terminal Hangar Harbor Interchange station Kassel kerb Layover Metro station Park and ride Port Queue jump Taxicab stand Train station Tram stop Transit mall Transport hub
Ticketing and fares	Automated fare collection Bus advertising Contract of carriage Dead mileage Exit fare Fare avoidance Fare capping Fare evasion Free public transport Free travel pass Integrated ticketing Manual fare collection Money train Paid area Penalty fare Proof-of-payment Reduced fare program Transfer Transit pass
Routing	Circle route Cross-city route Network length Non-revenue track Radial route Transport network
Facilities	Checked baggage First class Sleeper Standing passenger Travel class
Scheduling	Bus bunching Clock-face scheduling Headway Night (owl) service On-time performance Public transport timetable Short turn
Politics	Airport security Complete streets Green transport hierarchy Farebox recovery ratio Rail subsidies Security Street hierarchy Transit district Transit police Transportation authority Transportation demand management Transportation planning Transit-oriented development (TOD)
Technology and signage	Destination sign Passenger information system Platform display Platform screen doors Smart cards CIPURSE Calypso Ticket machine Timetable Transit map
Other topics	Boarding Bus rapid transit creep Crush load Dwell time Hail and ride Land transport Outline of transport Passenger load factor Public good Request stop Service Sustainable transport Timing point Transport economics Micromobility
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