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{{Short description|American judge}}
'''Niles Searls''' (1825 – 1907) was born in [[Rensselaerville, NY]].
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Niles Searls
| image = Niles Searls.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| order = 14th
| office = Chief Justice of California
| termstart = April 1887
| termend = 1889
| nominator = [[Washington Bartlett]]
| appointer =
| predecessor = [[Robert F. Morrison]]
| successor = [[William H. Beatty]]
| office2 =
| termstart2 =
| termend2 =
| nominator2 =
| appointer2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1825|12|22}}
| birth_place = [[Coeymans (town), New York|Coeymans, New York]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1907|4|27|1825|12|22}}
| death_place = [[Berkeley, California]], U.S.
| spouse = {{marriage|Mary Corinthia Niles|1953}}
| alma_mater=[[State and National Law School]]
}}
'''Niles Searls''' (December 22, 1825{{spaced ndash}}April 27, 1907) was an attorney, politician, and the 14th [[Chief Justice of California]].


==Early years==
Between 1847 and 1849 he travelled to California as part of the Gold Rush, and settled in the town of Nevada (which later became known as [[Nevada City]]), where he practiced law.
Searls, whose last name is also sometimes spelled as '''Searles''', was born in [[Coeymans (town), New York|Coeymans, New York]]. His father, Abraham Searls (born 1802), of English descent, worked as a farmer. His mother, Lydia Niles, was of Scottish descent. Searles had three brothers, Wilson (born 1823), John (born 1832), and Abraham (1844-1877/80, as well as four sisters, Johanna (born 1827), Alice (born 1829), Theresa (born 1835), and Lydia Jane (born 1839/40).<ref name="genealogy">{{cite web|url=http://genforum.genealogy.com/searle/messages/946.html|title=Abraham Sarls/Searles of NY/ONT|last=Niles|first=Allen |date=November 20, 2008|publisher=genealogy.com|accessdate=2009-05-25}}</ref><ref name="Shuck" />


When the family moved to [[Prince Edward County, Ontario|Prince Edward]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]], Searls attended school in [[Wellington, Ontario|Wellington]] for five years before returning to New York to study at [[Rensselaerville, New York|Rensselaerville]] Academy for the next three years.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Johnson|first1=J. Edward|title=History of the California Supreme Court: The Justices 1850-1900, vol 1|date=1963|publisher=Bender Moss Co|location=San Francisco, CA|pages=152–155|url=http://library.courtinfo.ca.gov/included/docs/SCJC_Vol_1.pdf|accessdate=August 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227124913/http://library.courtinfo.ca.gov/included/docs/SCJC_Vol_1.pdf|archive-date=December 27, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> From here, he spent a year in the [[read law|law office]] of O.H. Chittenden, preparing himself for the practice of law before attending John W. Fowler's newly established [[State and National Law School]] with fellow students Chancellor Hartson and [[Tim N. Machin]]. He was admitted to the New York bar May 2, 1848.
In 1869 he wrote a short book: ''"Coast to coast by railroad: The journey of Niles Searls--May, 1869"'',<ref>Coast to coast by railroad: The journey of Niles Searls--May, 1869</ref> about his experiences during the arduous trip.


{{Quote box
He became the 14th Chief Justice of the [[Supreme Court of California]]. He also served in the [[California Senate]].
| quote =''"Heavy rains, - The wagons were often imbedded in the loose murky earth to their hubs. Tongues were broken, harness torn, mules lames, and to all appearances, we were nearly shipwrecked. After three hours of hard swearing, we reached the high ground and encamped for the night."'' (Excerpt from Searls' diary, May 19, 1849)
| source =<ref name="Willoughby">{{cite book|last=Willoughby|first=Robert J. |title=The great western migration to the gold fields of California, 1849-1850|publisher=McFarland|date=2003|pages=22|isbn=0-7864-1363-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uWg76vVmQC8C&q=Niles+Searls&pg=PA22}}</ref>
| width =25%
| align =right
}}
Searls travelled to [[Kentucky]] and [[Illinois]] before settling for a short time in [[Missouri]] to practice law. When he decided to join the [[California Gold Rush]], he chose the wagon train company endorsed by the ''Daily Missouri Republican'', the Pioneer Line.<ref name="Richards">{{cite book|last=Richards|first=Leonard L. |title=The California Gold Rush and the Coming of the Civil War|publisher=Random House, Inc.|date=2008|pages=53|isbn=978-0-307-27757-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BcZT-Z3WNZIC&q=Niles+Searls&pg=PA53}}</ref> He traveled with his friend from law school, Charles Mulford. Arriving in California in October 1849, they mined and traded.<ref name="genealogy" /><ref name="Shuck" /><ref name="Reid">{{cite book|last=Reid|first=Bernard Joseph |author2=Mary McDougall Gordon |title=Overland to California with the Pioneer Line: the gold rush diary of Bernard J. Reid|publisher=Stanford University Press|date=1983|pages=203|isbn=0-8047-1192-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTisAAAAIAAJ&q=Niles+Searls&pg=PA203}}</ref>


==Career==
{{start box}}
In 1850, he settled in the town of Nevada (which later became known as [[Nevada City, California|Nevada City]]) where he practiced law. Two years later, he was elected district attorney of [[Nevada County, California|Nevada County]]. Elected on the [[Know Nothing]] ticket, from 1855 through 1862, he was a judge of the 14th judicial district.

In 1864, Searls moved back to New York and became a farmer for the next six years before returning to his mountain home in California, and retiring. However, in 1877, Searls was elected to represent Nevada County in the [[California Senate]], and later became Chairman of the [[California Debris Commission]].<ref name="Shuck" /><ref name="Fariss " />

At the [[1884 Democratic National Convention]], Searls nominated General [[William Rosecrans]] for [[Vice President of the United States]], but [[Thomas A. Hendricks]] went on to be selected as the running mate to [[Grover Cleveland]].<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1884/07/12/103623287.pdf|title=The nominations of Hendricks|date=July 12, 1884|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=2009-05-26 }}</ref>

Searls was appointed [[Supreme Court of California|California State Supreme Court]] Commissioner in 1885, serving in this office until April 19, 1887, when he became the 14th [[Chief Justice of California]]. Defeated for re-election in November 1888, he became a Supreme Court Commissioner for a second time during the period of 1894-1897.<ref name="Shuck" /><ref name="nevadacountyhistory" />

Searls sat on the board of directors of the [[Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad]].<ref name="Commissioners ">{{cite book|last=Commissioners of Transportation|others=F. P. Thompson|title=Biennial report of the commissioner of transportation ...: for the years ending December 31, 1877 and 1878|publisher=Supt. State Printing|date=1879|edition=Digitized Jul 10, 2008|pages=423|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JnEpAAAAYAAJ&q=Niles+Searls+railroad&pg=RA2-PA423}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 1853, Searls returned to New York to marry his first cousin, Mary Corinthia Niles (1830–1910) of [[Rensselaerville, New York]], and brought her back to Nevada City, traveling by steamer with their friends, Charles Mulford and his new bride, Deb.<ref name="Brower">{{cite book|last=Brower|first=Maria E. |title=Nevada City|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|date=2005|pages=17|isbn=0-7385-3062-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHuRJOXuev8C&q=Niles+Searls&pg=PA16}}</ref>
They had two children, one of whom, Fred Searls (born 1854) engaged in the practice of law,<ref name="Fariss ">{{cite web|url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/ca/plumas/bios/searls244nbs.txt|title=Plumas-Nevada County CA Archives Biographies|last=Fariss & Smith|date=1882|publisher=usgwarchives.net|accessdate=2009-05-25}}</ref> and the other was a [[mechanical engineer]].<ref name="Shuck">{{cite book|last=Shuck|first=Oscar Tully |title=History of the bench and bar of California: being biographies of many remarkable men, a store of humorous and pathetic recollections, accounts of important legislation and extraordinary cases, comprehending the judicial history of the state|publisher=The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.|date=1901|pages=494–495|isbn=1-58477-706-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XaU8GY32hUC&q=%22addison+c.+niles%22+california&pg=PA495}}</ref>

He kept a diary about his experiences in 1869 during an arduous rail trip from New York to California and wrote a book about it, ''"Coast to coast by railroad: The journey of Niles Searls--May, 1869"''.<ref>Coast to coast by railroad: The journey of Niles Searls--May, 1869</ref>

Searls was vice president of the [[Society of California Pioneers]].<ref name="Sherman" /> Along with [[Aaron A. Sargent]], Searls was a [[Freemasonry|Freemason]] of the ''Nevada'' Lodge, No. 13.<ref name="Sherman">{{cite book|last=Sherman|first=Edwin A. |title=Fifty Years of Masonry in California V1|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|date=2006|pages=129|isbn=1-4286-4730-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vnLUc6x2h3AC&q=Niles+Searls&pg=PA129}}</ref>

He retired to [[Berkeley, California]] in 1899,<ref name="Reid" /> and died at his home eight years later.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Law notes|publisher=Bureau of Law Reporting|date=1908|volume=11|pages=56|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQQvAAAAIAAJ&q=Niles+Searls&pg=PA56}}</ref> He was a [[Protestant]].<ref>Reid, p. 247</ref>

Searls' grandson, Fred Searls, Jr., and great-grandson, Carroll Searls, were all attorneys.<ref name="nevadacountyhistory" /> Fred Searls, Jr. was president of the international conglomerate mining concern, [[Newmont Mining Corporation]], which operated, among many others, the Empire-North Star mine complex in Nevada County, California, after 1929-1950s.<ref>Robert H Ramsey, ''Men and Mines of Newmont'' (New York City: Octagon Books, 1973)</ref> His great-grandson, Frederick Searls (1912–1998), also an attorney, was Vice President of [[Pacific Gas and Electric Company]].

Searls' first cousin, and Mary's brother, [[Addison Niles]], was an [[Associate Justice]] on the California Supreme Court during the period of 1872-1880.<ref name="genealogy" />

==Historic recognition==
Built in 1872, Searls' brick, two room, single story law office on Church Street, across from the Nevada County Courthouse, was converted into the Searls Library, containing the historical documents collection of the Nevada County Historical Society.<ref name="nevadacountyhistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevadacountyhistory.org/htmls/searls.html |title=The Searls Library, researcher's gold mine |publisher=nevadacountyhistory.org |accessdate=2009-05-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117011445/http://nevadacountyhistory.org/htmls/searls.html |archivedate=January 17, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="Brower" />

==Partial bibliography==
* ''Niles Searls diary : ms. S, 1849 May 9-Oct. 1.''
* (1869), [http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-nr96-25588/ ''Coast to coast by railroad: the journey of Niles Searls--May, 1869.''].Worldcat.org.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.cschs.org/history/california-supreme-court-justices/niles-searls/ Niles Searls]. California Supreme Court Historical Society. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
* [http://www.courts.ca.gov/12523.htm Past & Present Justices]. California State Courts. Retrieved July 19, 2017.

==See also==
* [[List of justices of the Supreme Court of California]]

{{S-start}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-legal}}
{{succession box |
{{succession box |
before= [[Robert F. Morrison]]| |
before= [[Robert F. Morrison]]| |
title= [[Chief Justice of the California Supreme Court]] |
title= [[Chief Justice of California]] |
years= 1887 &ndash;1889 |
years= 1887–1889 |
after= [[William H. Beatty]]}}
after= [[William H. Beatty]]}}
{{end box}}
{{S-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Searls, Niles}}
{{California-politician-stub}}
==Notes==
{{reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1825 births|Searls, Niles]]

[[Category:1907 deaths|Searls, Niles]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Searls, Niles}}
[[Category:Chief Justices of the California Supreme Court|Searls, Niles]]
[[Category:1825 births]]
[[Category:1907 deaths]]
[[Category:California Know Nothings]]
[[Category:19th-century American politicians]]
[[Category:19th-century American judges]]
[[Category:19th-century American lawyers]]
[[Category:Chief justices of California]]
[[Category:People from Coeymans, New York]]
[[Category:People from Nevada City, California]]
[[Category:State and National Law School alumni]]
[[Category:California Democrats]]
[[Category:19th-century people from California]]

Latest revision as of 07:12, 9 December 2024

Niles Searls
14th Chief Justice of California
In office
April 1887 – 1889
Nominated byWashington Bartlett
Preceded byRobert F. Morrison
Succeeded byWilliam H. Beatty
Personal details
Born(1825-12-22)December 22, 1825
Coeymans, New York, U.S.
DiedApril 27, 1907(1907-04-27) (aged 81)
Berkeley, California, U.S.
Spouse
Mary Corinthia Niles
​
​
(m. 1953)​
Alma materState and National Law School

Niles Searls (December 22, 1825 – April 27, 1907) was an attorney, politician, and the 14th Chief Justice of California.

Early years

[edit]

Searls, whose last name is also sometimes spelled as Searles, was born in Coeymans, New York. His father, Abraham Searls (born 1802), of English descent, worked as a farmer. His mother, Lydia Niles, was of Scottish descent. Searles had three brothers, Wilson (born 1823), John (born 1832), and Abraham (1844-1877/80, as well as four sisters, Johanna (born 1827), Alice (born 1829), Theresa (born 1835), and Lydia Jane (born 1839/40).[1][2]

When the family moved to Prince Edward, Ontario, Canada, Searls attended school in Wellington for five years before returning to New York to study at Rensselaerville Academy for the next three years.[3] From here, he spent a year in the law office of O.H. Chittenden, preparing himself for the practice of law before attending John W. Fowler's newly established State and National Law School with fellow students Chancellor Hartson and Tim N. Machin. He was admitted to the New York bar May 2, 1848.

"Heavy rains, - The wagons were often imbedded in the loose murky earth to their hubs. Tongues were broken, harness torn, mules lames, and to all appearances, we were nearly shipwrecked. After three hours of hard swearing, we reached the high ground and encamped for the night." (Excerpt from Searls' diary, May 19, 1849)

Searls travelled to Kentucky and Illinois before settling for a short time in Missouri to practice law. When he decided to join the California Gold Rush, he chose the wagon train company endorsed by the Daily Missouri Republican, the Pioneer Line.[5] He traveled with his friend from law school, Charles Mulford. Arriving in California in October 1849, they mined and traded.[1][2][6]

Career

[edit]

In 1850, he settled in the town of Nevada (which later became known as Nevada City) where he practiced law. Two years later, he was elected district attorney of Nevada County. Elected on the Know Nothing ticket, from 1855 through 1862, he was a judge of the 14th judicial district.

In 1864, Searls moved back to New York and became a farmer for the next six years before returning to his mountain home in California, and retiring. However, in 1877, Searls was elected to represent Nevada County in the California Senate, and later became Chairman of the California Debris Commission.[2][7]

At the 1884 Democratic National Convention, Searls nominated General William Rosecrans for Vice President of the United States, but Thomas A. Hendricks went on to be selected as the running mate to Grover Cleveland.[8]

Searls was appointed California State Supreme Court Commissioner in 1885, serving in this office until April 19, 1887, when he became the 14th Chief Justice of California. Defeated for re-election in November 1888, he became a Supreme Court Commissioner for a second time during the period of 1894-1897.[2][9]

Searls sat on the board of directors of the Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad.[10]

Personal life

[edit]

In 1853, Searls returned to New York to marry his first cousin, Mary Corinthia Niles (1830–1910) of Rensselaerville, New York, and brought her back to Nevada City, traveling by steamer with their friends, Charles Mulford and his new bride, Deb.[11] They had two children, one of whom, Fred Searls (born 1854) engaged in the practice of law,[7] and the other was a mechanical engineer.[2]

He kept a diary about his experiences in 1869 during an arduous rail trip from New York to California and wrote a book about it, "Coast to coast by railroad: The journey of Niles Searls--May, 1869".[12]

Searls was vice president of the Society of California Pioneers.[13] Along with Aaron A. Sargent, Searls was a Freemason of the Nevada Lodge, No. 13.[13]

He retired to Berkeley, California in 1899,[6] and died at his home eight years later.[14] He was a Protestant.[15]

Searls' grandson, Fred Searls, Jr., and great-grandson, Carroll Searls, were all attorneys.[9] Fred Searls, Jr. was president of the international conglomerate mining concern, Newmont Mining Corporation, which operated, among many others, the Empire-North Star mine complex in Nevada County, California, after 1929-1950s.[16] His great-grandson, Frederick Searls (1912–1998), also an attorney, was Vice President of Pacific Gas and Electric Company.

Searls' first cousin, and Mary's brother, Addison Niles, was an Associate Justice on the California Supreme Court during the period of 1872-1880.[1]

Historic recognition

[edit]

Built in 1872, Searls' brick, two room, single story law office on Church Street, across from the Nevada County Courthouse, was converted into the Searls Library, containing the historical documents collection of the Nevada County Historical Society.[9][11]

Partial bibliography

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Niles, Allen (November 20, 2008). "Abraham Sarls/Searles of NY/ONT". genealogy.com. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  2. ^ a b c d e Shuck, Oscar Tully (1901). History of the bench and bar of California: being biographies of many remarkable men, a store of humorous and pathetic recollections, accounts of important legislation and extraordinary cases, comprehending the judicial history of the state. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 494–495. ISBN 1-58477-706-0.
  3. ^ Johnson, J. Edward (1963). History of the California Supreme Court: The Justices 1850-1900, vol 1 (PDF). San Francisco, CA: Bender Moss Co. pp. 152–155. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 27, 2016. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
  4. ^ Willoughby, Robert J. (2003). The great western migration to the gold fields of California, 1849-1850. McFarland. p. 22. ISBN 0-7864-1363-8.
  5. ^ Richards, Leonard L. (2008). The California Gold Rush and the Coming of the Civil War. Random House, Inc. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-307-27757-2.
  6. ^ a b Reid, Bernard Joseph; Mary McDougall Gordon (1983). Overland to California with the Pioneer Line: the gold rush diary of Bernard J. Reid. Stanford University Press. p. 203. ISBN 0-8047-1192-5.
  7. ^ a b Fariss & Smith (1882). "Plumas-Nevada County CA Archives Biographies". usgwarchives.net. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  8. ^ "The nominations of Hendricks" (PDF). The New York Times. July 12, 1884. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
  9. ^ a b c "The Searls Library, researcher's gold mine". nevadacountyhistory.org. Archived from the original on January 17, 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  10. ^ Commissioners of Transportation (1879). Biennial report of the commissioner of transportation ...: for the years ending December 31, 1877 and 1878. F. P. Thompson (Digitized Jul 10, 2008 ed.). Supt. State Printing. p. 423.
  11. ^ a b Brower, Maria E. (2005). Nevada City. Arcadia Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 0-7385-3062-X.
  12. ^ Coast to coast by railroad: The journey of Niles Searls--May, 1869
  13. ^ a b Sherman, Edwin A. (2006). Fifty Years of Masonry in California V1. Kessinger Publishing. p. 129. ISBN 1-4286-4730-9.
  14. ^ The Law notes. Vol. 11. Bureau of Law Reporting. 1908. p. 56.
  15. ^ Reid, p. 247
  16. ^ Robert H Ramsey, Men and Mines of Newmont (New York City: Octagon Books, 1973)
[edit]

See also

[edit]
Legal offices
Preceded by Chief Justice of California
1887–1889 		Succeeded by
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