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{{Short description|Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{cs1 config |name-list-style=vanc |display-authors=6}}
{{Drugbox
{{Drugbox
| verifiedrevid = 443747089
| verifiedrevid = 443747089
⚫
| IUPAC_name = (''RS'')-2-(1,8-Diethyl-4,9-dihydro-3''H''-pyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)acetic acid
| image = Etodolac.svg
| image = Etodolac.svg
| width =
| width =
| image2 =
| alt =
| width2 =
| image2 =
| width2 =
| alt2 =

<!--Clinical data-->
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename =
| tradename =
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|etodolac}}
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|etodolac}}
| MedlinePlus = a692015
| MedlinePlus = a692015
| licence_EU = <!-- EMEA requires brand name -->
| licence_US = <!-- FDA may use generic name -->
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
⚫
| pregnancy_category =
| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->
⚫
| routes_of_administration = [[Oral administration|By mouth]]
⚫
| pregnancy_category = C
⚫
| ATC_prefix = M01
⚫
| ATC_suffix = AB08
⚫
| ATC_supplemental =

| legal_AU = S4
| legal_AU = S4
| legal_CA = <!-- / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
| legal_CA = <!-- / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
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| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_status =
| legal_status =

| dependency_liability =
⚫
| routes_of_administration = oral
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability =
| bioavailability =
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| elimination_half-life = 7.3 ± 4.0 hours
| elimination_half-life = 7.3 ± 4.0 hours
| excretion = renal
| excretion = renal

<!--Identifiers-->
<!--Identifiers-->
| IUPHAR_ligand = 7185
| IUPHAR_ligand = 7185
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 41340-25-4
| CAS_number = 41340-25-4
⚫
| ATC_prefix = M01
⚫
| ATC_suffix = AB08
⚫
| ATC_supplemental =
| PubChem = 3308
| PubChem = 3308
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 622
| ChEMBL = 622

<!--Chemical data-->
<!--Chemical data-->
⚫
| IUPAC_name = (''RS'')-2-(1,8-Diethyl-4,9-dihydro-3''H''-pyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)acetic acid
| chemical_formula =
| C=17 | H=21 | N=1 | O=3
| C=17 | H=21 | N=1 | O=3
| molecular_weight = 287.35 g/mol
| smiles = CCc2cccc3c1CCOC(CC)(CC(=O)O)c1[nH]c23
| smiles = CCc2cccc3c1CCOC(CC)(CC(=O)O)c1[nH]c23
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
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| specific_rotation =
| specific_rotation =
}}
}}

<!-- Definition and medical uses -->
<!-- Definition and medical uses -->
'''Etodolac''' is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ([[NSAID]]).
'''Etodolac''' is a [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] (NSAID).


<!-- Society and culture -->
<!-- Society and culture -->
It was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in 1985.<ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book |last1=Fischer |first1=Jnos |last2=Ganellin |first2=C. Robin |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=517 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA517 |language=en}}</ref> It was approved in the U.S. in 1991.<ref name="medicinenet.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.medicinenet.com/etodolac/article.htm|title=etodolac, Lodine (Discontinued): Drug Facts, Side Effects and Dosing|author=Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD|work=MedicineNet}}</ref> As of 2015 the cost for a typical month of medication in the United States is less than 25 USD.<ref name=Ric2015>{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=7}}</ref>
It was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in 1985.<ref name=Fis2006>{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=517 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA517 |language=en}}</ref> It was approved in the U.S. in 1991.<ref name="medicinenet.com">{{cite web |url= http://www.medicinenet.com/etodolac/article.htm |title=etodolac, Lodine (Discontinued): Drug Facts, Side Effects and Dosing| vauthors = Ogbru O |work=MedicineNet }}</ref>


==Medical uses==
==Medical uses==
Line 77: Line 82:
NSAIDs are used for the management of mild to moderate pain, fever, and [[inflammation]]. They work by reducing the levels of [[prostaglandin]]s, which are chemicals that are responsible for pain and the fever and tenderness that occur with inflammation. Etodolac blocks the [[cyclooxygenase]] (abbrev. COX) enzymes which form [[prostanoid]]s, resulting in lower concentrations of [[prostaglandin]]s. As a consequence, inflammation, pain and fever are reduced.
NSAIDs are used for the management of mild to moderate pain, fever, and [[inflammation]]. They work by reducing the levels of [[prostaglandin]]s, which are chemicals that are responsible for pain and the fever and tenderness that occur with inflammation. Etodolac blocks the [[cyclooxygenase]] (abbrev. COX) enzymes which form [[prostanoid]]s, resulting in lower concentrations of [[prostaglandin]]s. As a consequence, inflammation, pain and fever are reduced.


Post-marketing studies demonstrated that etodolac inhibition of cyclooxygenase is somewhat [[COX-2]] selective <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Warner|first1=TD|last2=Giuliano|first2=F|last3=Vojnovic|first3=I|last4=Bukasa|first4=A|last5=Mitchell|first5=JA|last6=Vane|first6=JR|title=Nonsteroid drug selectivities for cyclo-oxygenase-1 rather than cyclo-oxygenase-2 are associated with human gastrointestinal toxicity: a full in vitro analysis.|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|date=22 June 1999|volume=96|issue=13|pages=7563–8|pmid=10377455|pmc=22126|doi=10.1073/pnas.96.13.7563}}</ref> similar to [[celecoxib]] and other "[[COX-2 inhibitor]]s." Unlike [[rofecoxib]], both etodolac and celecoxib can fully inhibit [[COX-1]] and are designated as having "preferential selectivity" toward COX-2. The R-[[enantiomer]] of etodolac is inactive against COX enzymes, but inhibits [[beta-catenin]] levels in [[hepatoma]] cells.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=17275129|year=2007|last1=Behari|first1=J|last2=Zeng|first2=G|last3=Otruba|first3=W|last4=Thompson|first4=MD|last5=Muller|first5=P|last6=Micsenyi|first6=A|last7=Sekhon|first7=SS|last8=Leoni|first8=L|last9=Monga|first9=SP|title=R-Etodolac Decreases Beta-Catenin Levels Along with Survival and Proliferation of Hepatoma Cells|volume=46|issue=5|pages=849–57|doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2006.11.017|pmc=1924913|journal=Journal of Hepatology}}</ref>
Etodolac is 179 times more selective at blocking COX-2 than COX-1.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Richard A. |date=1999-09-01 |title=Etodolac: An overview of a selective COX-2 inhibitor |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-999-0010-3 |journal=InflammoPharmacology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=269–275 |doi=10.1007/s10787-999-0010-3 |pmid=17638098 |issn=1568-5608}}</ref> Unlike [[rofecoxib]], both etodolac and celecoxib can fully inhibit [[COX-1]] and are designated as having "preferential selectivity" toward COX-2. The R-[[enantiomer]] of etodolac is inactive against COX enzymes, but inhibits [[beta-catenin]] levels in [[hepatoma]] cells.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Behari J, Zeng G, Otruba W, Thompson MD, Muller P, Micsenyi A, Sekhon SS, Leoni L, Monga SP | display-authors = 6 | title = R-Etodolac decreases beta-catenin levels along with survival and proliferation of hepatoma cells | journal = Journal of Hepatology | volume = 46 | issue = 5 | pages = 849–57 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17275129 | pmc = 1924913 | doi = 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.11.017 }}</ref>


⚫
In the UK, Etodolac is licensed for the [[Therapy|treatment]] of inflammation and pain caused by [[osteoarthritis]] and [[rheumatoid arthritis]].<ref>[http://www.bnf.org/bnf/bnf/current/5216.htm BNF 55 - Etodolac]</ref>
==Indications==


⚫
== Interactions ==
⚫
Etodolac is licensed for the [[Therapy|treatment]] of inflammation and pain caused by [[osteoarthritis]] and [[rheumatoid arthritis]].<ref>[http://www.bnf.org/bnf/bnf/current/5216.htm BNF 55 - Etodolac]</ref>


⚫
Etodolac should be avoided by patients with a history of [[asthma]] attacks, [[Urticaria|hives]], or other [[Allergy|allergic reactions]] to [[aspirin]] or other NSAIDs. Rare but severe allergic reactions have been reported in such individuals. It also should be avoided by patients with [[peptic ulcer]] disease or poor [[Renal physiology|kidney function]], since this medication can worsen both conditions. Etodolac is used with caution in patients taking blood thinning medications ([[anticoagulant]]s), such as [[warfarin]] (Coumadin), because it increases the risk of [[bleeding]]. Patients taking both [[Lithium (medication)|lithium]] and etodolac may develop toxic blood lithium levels. Additionally, etodolac has been found to interact with certain anti-depressant medications, such as [[sertraline]] or [[fluoxetine]], which can increase risks of stroke, heart attack, and other cardiovascular conditions. Patients also taking [[ciclosporin]] (Sandimmune) can develop kidney toxicity. Use in children has not been adequately studied. Etodolac is not habit-forming. NSAIDs should be discontinued prior to [[elective surgery]] because of a mild interference with [[clotting]] that is characteristic of this group of medicines. Etodolac is best discontinued at least four days in advance of surgery. Etodolac metabolites may also cause a false positive bilirubin result on a urinalysis test. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10442203]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sho Y, Ishiodori T, Oketani M, Kubozono O, Nakamura A, Takeuchi A, Morino A, Arima T | display-authors = 6 | title = Effects of urinary metabolites of etodolac on diagnostic tests of bilirubin in urine | journal = Arzneimittel-Forschung | volume = 49 | issue = 7 | pages = 572–6 | date = July 1999 | pmid = 10442203 | doi = 10.1055/s-0031-1300464 | s2cid = 31642564 }}</ref>
⚫
==Interactions==
⚫
Etodolac should be avoided by patients with a history of [[asthma]] attacks, [[Urticaria|hives]], or other [[Allergy|allergic reactions]] to [[aspirin]] or other NSAIDs. Rare but severe allergic reactions have been reported in such individuals. It also should be avoided by patients with [[peptic ulcer]] disease or poor [[Renal physiology|kidney function]], since this medication can worsen both conditions. Etodolac is used with caution in patients taking blood thinning medications ([[anticoagulant]]s), such as [[warfarin]] (Coumadin), because it increases the risk of [[bleeding]]. Patients taking both [[Lithium (medication)|lithium]] and etodolac may develop toxic blood lithium levels. Additionally, etodolac has been found to interact with certain anti-depressant medications, such as [[sertraline]] or [[fluoxetine]], which can increase risks of stroke, heart attack, and other cardiovascular conditions. Patients also taking [[ciclosporin]] (Sandimmune) can develop kidney toxicity. Use in children has not been adequately studied. Etodolac is not habit-forming. NSAIDs should be discontinued prior to [[elective surgery]] because of a mild interference with [[clotting]] that is characteristic of this group of medicines. Etodolac is best discontinued at least four days in advance of surgery. Etodolac metabolites may also cause a false positive bilirubin result on a urinalysis test. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10442203]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sho|first=Y.|last2=Ishiodori|first2=T.|last3=Oketani|first3=M.|last4=Kubozono|first4=O.|last5=Nakamura|first5=A.|last6=Takeuchi|first6=A.|last7=Morino|first7=A.|last8=Arima|first8=T.|date=July 1999|title=Effects of urinary metabolites of etodolac on diagnostic tests of bilirubin in urine|journal=Arzneimittel-Forschung|volume=49|issue=7|pages=572–576|doi=10.1055/s-0031-1300464|issn=0004-4172|pmid=10442203}}</ref>


[[Image:Etodolac600mg.jpg|right|thumb|Box, strip and tablet of etodolac (Lodine SR) 600mg]]
[[Image:Etodolac600mg.jpg|right|thumb|Box, strip and tablet of etodolac (Lodine SR) 600mg]]
Line 92: Line 96:
<ref name="medicinenet.com"/>
<ref name="medicinenet.com"/>


In October 2020, the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) required the [[Drug labelling|drug label]] to be updated for all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications to describe the risk of kidney problems in unborn babies that result in low amniotic fluid.<ref name="FDA PR 20201015" /><ref name="FDA safety 20201015" /> They recommend avoiding NSAIDs in pregnant women at 20 weeks or later in pregnancy.<ref name="FDA PR 20201015">{{cite press release | title=FDA Warns that Using a Type of Pain and Fever Medication in Second Half of Pregnancy Could Lead to Complications | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=15 October 2020 | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-warns-using-type-pain-and-fever-medication-second-half-pregnancy-could-lead-complications | access-date=15 October 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="FDA safety 20201015">{{cite web | title=NSAIDs may cause rare kidney problems in unborn babies | website=U.S. Food and Drug Administration | date=21 July 2017 | url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-recommends-avoiding-use-nsaids-pregnancy-20-weeks-or-later-because-they-can-result-low-amniotic | access-date=15 October 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
⚫
== Brand names ==
⚫
Etodolac is manufactured by Almirall Limited under the trade name ''Lodine SR''<ref name="SPC1">{{cite web|url=http://emc.medicines.org.uk/emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid=3581|title=Lodine SR|work=medicines.org.uk}}</ref> and by Meda Pharmaceuticals under the name ''Eccoxolac''.<ref name ="SPC2">{{cite web|url=http://emc.medicines.org.uk/emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid=12573|title=Eccoxolac|work=medicines.org.uk}}</ref> Generic etodolac is also available.<ref name="BNF Etodolac">[http://www.bnf.org/bnf/bnf/current/127971.htm#this BNF 55: Etodolac preparations]</ref>


⚫
== Brand names ==
⚫
The drug is also sold under several other brand names, including:
⚫
Etodolac is manufactured by Almirall Limited under the brand name Lodine SR<ref name="SPC1">{{cite web|url=http://emc.medicines.org.uk/emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid=3581|title=Lodine SR|work=medicines.org.uk|access-date=2008-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318220946/http://emc.medicines.org.uk/emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid=3581|archive-date=2008-03-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> and by Meda Pharmaceuticals under the name Eccoxolac.<ref name ="SPC2">{{cite web |url= http://emc.medicines.org.uk/emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid=12573|archive-url= https://archive.today/20121224023132/http://emc.medicines.org.uk/emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid=12573 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-12-24 |title=Eccoxolac |work=medicines.org.uk}}</ref> Generic etodolac is also available.<ref name="BNF Etodolac">{{cite web | url = http://www.bnf.org/bnf/bnf/current/127971.htm#this | work = BNF 55 | title = Etodolac preparations }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
⚫
* "Etogesic" ([[India]])
⚫
* ''Etova'' ([[India]])
⚫
* ''Dualgan'' ([[Portugal]])
⚫
* ''Etodin'' ([[South Korea]])
⚫
* ''Etofree'' ([[India]])
⚫
* ''Etopan'' ([[Israel]])
⚫
* ''Flancox''®<ref name="Flancox">{{cite web|url=http://www.apsen.com.br/bula.php?id_bula=5|title=:: Apsen ::|work=apsen.com.br}}</ref> ([[Brazil]])
⚫
* ''Haipen'' ([[Japan]])
⚫
* ''Lodine'' ([[France]], [[Switzerland]], [[United States]])
⚫
* ''Proxym (S Etodolac)'' ([[India]])
⚫
* ''Etol'' ([[Turkey]])
⚫
* ''Lonine'' ([[Taiwan]])
⚫
* ''Etodine'' ([[Egypt]])
* ''Dolarit'' (Turkey)
⚫
* "Etodin Fort" ([[Bulgaria]])


⚫
Etodolac is also sold under several brand names, including:
⚫
==References==
⚫
* Etogesic (India)
⚫
* Etova (India)
⚫
* Dualgan / Sodolac (Portugal)
⚫
* Etodin (South Korea)
⚫
* Etofree (India)
⚫
* Etopan (Israel)
⚫
* Flancox<ref name="Flancox">{{cite web|url=http://www.apsen.com.br/bula.php?id_bula=5|title= Flancox |work=apsen.com.br|date= 2 April 2020 }}</ref> (Brazil)
⚫
* Haipen (Japan)
⚫
* Lodine (France, Switzerland, United States)
⚫
* Proxym (S Etodolac) (India)
⚫
* Dolarit, Edolar, Etol (Turkey)
⚫
* Lonine (Taiwan)
⚫
* Etodine (Egypt)
⚫
* Etodin Fort (Bulgaria)


⚫
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.drugbank.ca/cgi-bin/getCard.cgi?CARD=DB00749 DrugBank info]
* [http://www.medicinenet.com/etodolac/article.htm Medicinenet.com]


{{Anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products}}
{{Anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products}}
{{Analgesics}}
{{Analgesics}}
{{Prostanoidergics}}
{{Prostanoidergics}}
{{Portal bar | Medicine}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]]
[[Category:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]]

Latest revision as of 20:41, 9 December 2024

Etodolac
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa692015
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: WARNING[1]Rx-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding100%
Metabolismliver
Elimination half-life7.3 ± 4.0 hours
Excretionrenal
Identifiers
  • (RS)-2-(1,8-Diethyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)acetic acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.157.848 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC17H21NO3
Molar mass287.359 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point145 to 148 °C (293 to 298 °F)
Solubility in water3.92e-02 mg/mL [ALOGPS] mg/mL (20 °C)
  • CCc2cccc3c1CCOC(CC)(CC(=O)O)c1[nH]c23
  • InChI=1S/C17H21NO3/c1-3-11-6-5-7-12-13-8-9-21-17(4-2,10-14(19)20)16(13)18-15(11)12/h5-7,18H,3-4,8-10H2,1-2H3,(H,19,20) checkY
  • Key:NNYBQONXHNTVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Etodolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

It was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in 1985.[2] It was approved in the U.S. in 1991.[3]

Medical uses

[edit]
See also: NSAIDs
Generic etodolac

NSAIDs are used for the management of mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation. They work by reducing the levels of prostaglandins, which are chemicals that are responsible for pain and the fever and tenderness that occur with inflammation. Etodolac blocks the cyclooxygenase (abbrev. COX) enzymes which form prostanoids, resulting in lower concentrations of prostaglandins. As a consequence, inflammation, pain and fever are reduced.

Etodolac is 179 times more selective at blocking COX-2 than COX-1.[4] Unlike rofecoxib, both etodolac and celecoxib can fully inhibit COX-1 and are designated as having "preferential selectivity" toward COX-2. The R-enantiomer of etodolac is inactive against COX enzymes, but inhibits beta-catenin levels in hepatoma cells.[5]

In the UK, Etodolac is licensed for the treatment of inflammation and pain caused by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.[6]

Interactions

[edit]

Etodolac should be avoided by patients with a history of asthma attacks, hives, or other allergic reactions to aspirin or other NSAIDs. Rare but severe allergic reactions have been reported in such individuals. It also should be avoided by patients with peptic ulcer disease or poor kidney function, since this medication can worsen both conditions. Etodolac is used with caution in patients taking blood thinning medications (anticoagulants), such as warfarin (Coumadin), because it increases the risk of bleeding. Patients taking both lithium and etodolac may develop toxic blood lithium levels. Additionally, etodolac has been found to interact with certain anti-depressant medications, such as sertraline or fluoxetine, which can increase risks of stroke, heart attack, and other cardiovascular conditions. Patients also taking ciclosporin (Sandimmune) can develop kidney toxicity. Use in children has not been adequately studied. Etodolac is not habit-forming. NSAIDs should be discontinued prior to elective surgery because of a mild interference with clotting that is characteristic of this group of medicines. Etodolac is best discontinued at least four days in advance of surgery. Etodolac metabolites may also cause a false positive bilirubin result on a urinalysis test. [1][7]

Box, strip and tablet of etodolac (Lodine SR) 600mg

Pregnancy and nursing

[edit]

Etodolac is generally avoided during pregnancy and nursing. NSAIDs may cause adverse cardiovascular effects in the fetus during pregnancy. [3]

In October 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required the drug label to be updated for all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications to describe the risk of kidney problems in unborn babies that result in low amniotic fluid.[8][9] They recommend avoiding NSAIDs in pregnant women at 20 weeks or later in pregnancy.[8][9]

Brand names

[edit]

Etodolac is manufactured by Almirall Limited under the brand name Lodine SR[10] and by Meda Pharmaceuticals under the name Eccoxolac.[11] Generic etodolac is also available.[12]

Etodolac is also sold under several brand names, including:

  • Etogesic (India)
  • Etova (India)
  • Dualgan / Sodolac (Portugal)
  • Etodin (South Korea)
  • Etofree (India)
  • Etopan (Israel)
  • Flancox[13] (Brazil)
  • Haipen (Japan)
  • Lodine (France, Switzerland, United States)
  • Proxym (S Etodolac) (India)
  • Dolarit, Edolar, Etol (Turkey)
  • Lonine (Taiwan)
  • Etodine (Egypt)
  • Etodin Fort (Bulgaria)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  2. ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 517. ISBN 9783527607495.
  3. ^ a b Ogbru O. "etodolac, Lodine (Discontinued): Drug Facts, Side Effects and Dosing". MedicineNet.
  4. ^ Jones RA (1 September 1999). "Etodolac: An overview of a selective COX-2 inhibitor". InflammoPharmacology. 7 (3): 269–275. doi:10.1007/s10787-999-0010-3. ISSN 1568-5608. PMID 17638098.
  5. ^ Behari J, Zeng G, Otruba W, Thompson MD, Muller P, Micsenyi A, et al. (May 2007). "R-Etodolac decreases beta-catenin levels along with survival and proliferation of hepatoma cells". Journal of Hepatology. 46 (5): 849–57. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2006.11.017. PMC 1924913. PMID 17275129.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: overridden setting (link)
  6. ^ BNF 55 - Etodolac
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  8. ^ a b "FDA Warns that Using a Type of Pain and Fever Medication in Second Half of Pregnancy Could Lead to Complications". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ^ a b "NSAIDs may cause rare kidney problems in unborn babies". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  10. ^ "Lodine SR". medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 18 March 2008. Retrieved 7 August 2008.
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  13. ^ "Flancox". apsen.com.br. 2 April 2020.
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