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{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Eibar
| official_name = Eibar
| native_name = {{nativename|eu|Eibar}} <br />{{nativename|es|Éibar}}
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Spain|Municipality]]
| nickname =
| nickname =
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| image_shield = Escudo de Eibar.svg
| image_shield = Escudo de Eibar.svg
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Spain]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Spain}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous communities of Spain|Autonomous community]]
| subdivision_type1 = Autonomous community
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Basque Country}}
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Euskadi}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_type2 = Province
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gipuzkoa]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gipuzkoa]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Comarcas of Spain|Eskualdea]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Comarcas of Spain|Eskualdea]]
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| footnotes = |
| footnotes = |
}}
}}
'''Eibar''' ({{lang-eu|Eibar}}, {{lang-es|Éibar}}) is a city and [[municipality]] within the [[Provinces of Spain|province]] of [[Gipuzkoa]], in the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] of [[Spain]]. It is the head town of [[Debabarrena]], one of the ''[[comarcas of Spain|eskualde / comarca]]'' of Gipuzkoa.
'''Eibar''' ({{langx|eu|Eibar}}, {{langx|es|Éibar}}) is a city and [[municipality]] within the [[province]] of [[Gipuzkoa]], in the [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Autonomous Community of Euskadi]]. It is the capital of the ''[[comarcas of Spain|eskualde / comarca]]'' of [[Debabarrena]].


Eibar has 27,138 inhabitants ([[Basque Statistics Office|Eustat]], 2018).<ref name="Eustat">{{cite web|url=http://en.eustat.eus/municipal/datos_estadisticos/eibar.html|title=Eibar|work=[[Basque Statistics Office]]|access-date=7 February 2018}}</ref> Its chief industry is metal manufacturing, and has been known since the 16th century for the manufacture of armaments, particularly finely engraved [[small arms]]. It was also the home of [[Serveta]] scooters.
Eibar has 27,138 inhabitants ([[Basque Statistics Office|Eustat]], 2018).<ref name="Eustat">{{cite web|url=http://en.eustat.eus/municipal/datos_estadisticos/eibar.html|title=Eibar|work=[[Basque Statistics Office]]|access-date=7 February 2018}}</ref> Its chief industry is metal manufacturing, and the city has been known since the 16th century for the manufacture of armaments, particularly finely engraved [[small arms]]. It was also the home of [[Serveta]] scooters.


It is home to the [[SD Eibar]] [[football (soccer)|football]] team.
It is home to the [[SD Eibar]] [[football (soccer)|football]] team.


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
Eibar lies at an altitude of 121m above sea level, in the west of the province of [[Gipuzkoa]], right next to [[Biscay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://udalweb.gipuzkoa.eus/es/eibar|title=Eibar|work=Foral Council of [[Gipuzkoa]]|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref> Eibar has an [[oceanic climate]]. The town lies in a narrow valley in a mountainous area, the highest mountains are between 700 and 800 metres high. Eibar is traversed by river Ego, which is a tributary of the [[Deba River|Deba]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.eus/es/eibar|title=Eibar|work=Egoibarra|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>
Eibar lies at an altitude of 121m above sea level, in the west of the province of Gipuzkoa, very close to [[Biscay]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://udalweb.gipuzkoa.eus/es/eibar|title=Eibar|work=Foral Council of [[Gipuzkoa]]|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref> Eibar has an [[oceanic climate]]. The town lies in a narrow valley in a mountainous area, with mountains like [[Karakate]], [[Kalamua]] and [[Akondia]] being between 700 and 800 metres tall. Eibar is traversed by the river Ego, which is a tributary of the [[Deba River|Deba]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.eus/es/eibar|title=Eibar|work=Egoibarra|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>


Apart from the urban area, the municipality consists of five rural neighbourhoods: Otaola-Kinarraga, Aginaga, Arrate, Mandiola and Gorosta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.com/eibar/baserriak-eta-auzoak|title=Baserriak eta auzoak|work=Egoibarra|language=eu|access-date=14 October 2014}}</ref>
Apart from the urban area, the municipality consists of five rural neighbourhoods: Otaola-Kinarraga, Aginaga, Arrate, Mandiola and Gorosta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.com/eibar/baserriak-eta-auzoak|title=Baserriak eta auzoak|work=Egoibarra|language=eu|access-date=14 October 2014}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
The city was chartered by [[Alfonso XI of Castile]] in 1346, receiving the name of ''Villanueva de San Andrés de Heybar''.<ref name="History of Eibar">{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.eus/es/eibar/historia-de-eibar?set_language=es|title=Historia de Eibar|work=Egoibarra|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Foundation of Eibar">{{cite web|url=http://cronologiahistorica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=894:ano-1346&catid=18&Itemid=115|title=Año 1346|work=Cronología Histórica|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>
The city was chartered by [[Alfonso XI of Castile]] in 1346, receiving the name of ''Villanueva de San Andrés de Heybar''.<ref name="History of Eibar">{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.eus/es/eibar/historia-de-eibar?set_language=es|title=Historia de Eibar|work=Egoibarra|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="Foundation of Eibar">{{cite web|url=http://cronologiahistorica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=894:ano-1346&catid=18&Itemid=115|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817004523/http://cronologiahistorica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=894:ano-1346&catid=18&Itemid=115|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 17, 2016|title=Año 1346|work=Cronología Histórica|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>


The feudal families that dominated the territory engaged in the [[War of the Bands]]. Eibar, like the rest of settlements in the valley, had an industry based on [[finery forge]]s and the manufacture of arms. In 1766, Eibar got engaged in a social revolt known as the ''Machinada'', and years later, in 1794, it was attacked by the French, who destroyed the town.<ref name="History of Eibar"/>
The feudal families that dominated the territory engaged in the [[War of the Bands]]. Eibar, like the rest of settlements in the valley, had an industry based on [[finery forge]]s and arms manufacturing. In 1766, Eibar was engaged in a social revolt known as the ''Machinada'', and years later, in 1794, it was attacked by the French, who destroyed the town.<ref name="History of Eibar"/>


In the 19th century, industrialisation transformed the production systems in the city and was accompanied by an important social movement. In the [[Carlist Wars]], Eibar sided with the Liberals. Labour movement and socialism became particularly strong in Eibar. In 1931, Eibar was the first city in Spain to proclaim the [[Second Spanish Republic]]; in recognition it was given the title of ''"Very Exemplary City"''.<ref name="History of Eibar"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://elpais.com/diario/2011/04/14/paisvasco/1302810004_850215.html|title=Eibar, el orgullo republicano|work=[[El País]]|date=14 April 2011 |language=es|access-date=7 July 2016|last1=Ormazabal |first1=Mikel }}</ref>
In the 19th century, industrialisation transformed the systems of production in the city and spawned a powerful social movement. After the rest of Gipuzkoa sided with the French in 1793 during the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], Eibar temporarily voted to join [[Biscay]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Coverdale |first=John F. |date=1984-12-31 |title=The Basque Phase of Spain's First Carlist War |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400853687 |pages=32 |doi=10.1515/9781400853687|isbn=978-1-4008-5368-7 }}</ref> In the [[Carlist Wars]], Eibar sided with the Liberals. The labour movement and socialism became particularly strong in Eibar. In 1931, it was the first city in Spain to proclaim the [[Second Spanish Republic]]; in recognition it was given the title of ''"Very Exemplary City"''.<ref name="History of Eibar"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://elpais.com/diario/2011/04/14/paisvasco/1302810004_850215.html|title=Eibar, el orgullo republicano|work=[[El País]]|date=14 April 2011 |language=es|access-date=7 July 2016|last1=Ormazabal |first1=Mikel }}</ref>


In the [[Spanish Civil War]], Eibar was practically destroyed by Italian bombers aiding the Fascist. The rebuilding brought important industrial development and a demographic increase, as Eibar reached nearly 40,000 inhabitants in a few years.<ref name="History of Eibar"/><ref name="Population of Eibar">{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.eus/es/eibar/historia-de-eibar/habitantes-de-eibar|title=Habitantes de Eibar|work=Egoibarra|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>
In the [[Spanish Civil War]], Eibar was practically destroyed by Italian bombers aiding the [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|Spanish Nationalists]]. The subsequent rebuilding brought significant industrial development and a demographic increase, as Eibar's population increased to nearly 40,000 within a few years.<ref name="History of Eibar"/><ref name="Population of Eibar">{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.eus/es/eibar/historia-de-eibar/habitantes-de-eibar|title=Habitantes de Eibar|work=Egoibarra|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>


Due to the lack of space for enlargements, several factories moved to [[Durangaldea]] and [[Álava]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diariovasco.com/bajo-deba/201604/03/inmigracion-llegada-eibar-contribuyo-20160403004348-v.html|title=La inmigración llegada a Eibar contribuyó a la construcción de una ciudad mejor|work=[[El Diario Vasco]]|date=2 April 2016 |language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref> The industrial crisis in the 1980s also made Eibar lose a great part of its population.<ref name="History of Eibar"/>
Due to the lack of space for expansion, several factories moved to [[Durangaldea]] and [[Álava]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diariovasco.com/bajo-deba/201604/03/inmigracion-llegada-eibar-contribuyo-20160403004348-v.html|title=La inmigración llegada a Eibar contribuyó a la construcción de una ciudad mejor|work=[[El Diario Vasco]]|date=2 April 2016 |language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref> The industrial crisis in the 1980s also caused Eibar to lose a great part of its population.<ref name="History of Eibar"/>


At the beginning of the 21st century, Eibar's economy is based on industry and services.<ref name="History of Eibar"/>
At the beginning of the 21st century, Eibar's economy is based on industry and services.<ref name="History of Eibar"/>
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*[[Church of San Andrés (Eibar)|Church of San Andrés]], built during the 16th and 17th centuries, it has a Gothic style with [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] and [[Baroque]] elements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.eus/es/eibar/recorridos/ib6/ib6003|title=Parroquia San Andrés|work=Egoibarra|language=es|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref>
*[[Church of San Andrés (Eibar)|Church of San Andrés]], built during the 16th and 17th centuries, it has a Gothic style with [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] and [[Baroque]] elements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.eus/es/eibar/recorridos/ib6/ib6003|title=Parroquia San Andrés|work=Egoibarra|language=es|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref>
*[[Sanctuary of the Virgin of Arrate]], from the beginning of the 17th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.eus/es/eibar/recorridos/por-los-pasos-de-la-virgen-en-arrate-balle/ib4005|title=Santuario de Arrate|work=Egoibarra|language=es|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref>
*[[Sanctuary of the Virgin of Arrate]], from the beginning of the 17th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.eus/es/eibar/recorridos/por-los-pasos-de-la-virgen-en-arrate-balle/ib4005|title=Santuario de Arrate|work=Egoibarra|language=es|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref>
*[[Hermitage of Azitain]], it contains an odd 17th-century beardless Christ.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcorreo.com/vizcaya/v/20100226/guipuzcoa/cristo-imberbe-pocos-mundo-20100226.html|title=El Cristo imberbe, uno de los pocos que hay en el mundo|work=[[El Correo]]|date=26 February 2010 |language=es|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref>
*[[Hermitage of Azitain]], it contains a rare 17th-century beardless Christ.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcorreo.com/vizcaya/v/20100226/guipuzcoa/cristo-imberbe-pocos-mundo-20100226.html|title=El Cristo imberbe, uno de los pocos que hay en el mundo|work=[[El Correo]]|date=26 February 2010 |language=es|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref>
*[[Palace of Unzueta]], from the 17th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://turismo.euskadi.eus/es/patrimonio-cultural/casa-torre-de-unzueta/aa30-12375/es/|title=Casa-Torre de Unzueta|work=Basque Country Tourism Department|date=15 January 2007 |language=es|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref>
*[[Palace of Unzueta]], from the 17th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://turismo.euskadi.eus/es/patrimonio-cultural/casa-torre-de-unzueta/aa30-12375/es/|title=Casa-Torre de Unzueta|work=Basque Country Tourism Department|date=15 January 2007 |language=es|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref>
*[[Palace of Aldatze]], from the 17th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.eus/es/eibar/recorridos/ib6/ib6005|title=Palacio Iñarra (Aldatze)|work=Egoibarra|language=es|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref>
*[[Palace of Aldatze]], from the 17th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egoibarra.eus/es/eibar/recorridos/ib6/ib6005|title=Palacio Iñarra (Aldatze)|work=Egoibarra|language=es|access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref>
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== Transport ==
== Transport ==
;Road
;Road
Eibar is traversed by the [[Autopista AP-8|AP-8 motorway]] connecting [[Bilbao]] and the [[France-Spain border|French border]], and the [[N-634 road (Spain)|N-634 road]] running parallel to it. The [[Autopista AP-1|AP-1 motorway]] connects Eibar and [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. AP-8 and AP-1 meet at the ''Maltzaga'' [[Interchange (road)|motorway junction]] located in the east of Eibar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://b5m.gipuzkoa.eus/web5000/callejero/eibar/errepideak|title=Carreteras|work=Foral Council of [[Gipuzkoa]]|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>
The [[Autopista AP-8|AP-8 motorway]] connecting [[Bilbao]] and the [[France-Spain border|French border]] crosses through Eibar, as does the [[N-634 road (Spain)|N-634 road]] running parallel to it. The [[Autopista AP-1|AP-1 motorway]] connects Eibar and [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. AP-8 and AP-1 meet at the ''Maltzaga'' [[Interchange (road)|motorway junction]] located in the east of Eibar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://b5m.gipuzkoa.eus/web5000/callejero/eibar/errepideak|title=Carreteras|work=Foral Council of [[Gipuzkoa]]|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>


Regular and frequent bus services under Lurraldebus connect Eibar to neighbouring towns, [[San Sebastián]], Vitoria-Gasteiz and [[Bilbao Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lurraldebus.eus/es/linea-ordutegiak|title=Líneas y Horarios|work=Lurraldebus|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref> [[BizkaiBus]] provides regular and frequent bus services to and from Bilbao.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bizkaia.eus/home2/Temas/DetalleTema.asp?Tem_Codigo=195&idioma=CA|title=Bizkaibus|work=Foral Council of [[Biscay]]|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref> [[ALSA (bus company)|ALSA]] runs a daily service to and from [[Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid-Barajas Airport]] and [[Madrid]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diariovasco.com/bajo-deba/201509/22/pone-marcha-nuevo-servicio-20150922002244-v.html|title=Se pone en marcha el nuevo servicio de autobús desde Eibar hasta Madrid|work=[[El Diario Vasco]]|date=21 September 2015 |language=es|access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref>
Regular and frequent bus services under {{ill|Lurraldebus|eu}} connect Eibar to neighbouring towns, [[San Sebastián]], Vitoria-Gasteiz and [[Bilbao Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lurraldebus.eus/es/linea-ordutegiak|title=Líneas y Horarios|work=Lurraldebus|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref> [[BizkaiBus]] provides regular and frequent bus services to and from Bilbao.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bizkaia.eus/home2/Temas/DetalleTema.asp?Tem_Codigo=195&idioma=CA|title=Bizkaibus|work=Foral Council of [[Biscay]]|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref> [[ALSA (bus company)|ALSA]] runs a daily service to and from [[Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport|Madrid-Barajas Airport]] and [[Madrid]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diariovasco.com/bajo-deba/201509/22/pone-marcha-nuevo-servicio-20150922002244-v.html|title=Se pone en marcha el nuevo servicio de autobús desde Eibar hasta Madrid|work=[[El Diario Vasco]]|date=21 September 2015 |language=es|access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref>


Eibar also has an urban bus service called Udalbus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eibar.eus/es/archivos/udalbus|title=Servicio Udalbus Eibar|work=City Council of Eibar|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>
Eibar also has an urban bus service called Udalbus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eibar.eus/es/archivos/udalbus|title=Servicio Udalbus Eibar|work=City Council of Eibar|language=es|access-date=7 July 2016}}</ref>
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== Education ==
== Education ==
The Gipuzkoa Faculty of Engineering of the [[University of the Basque Country]] has a section in Eibar. The section offers an undergraduate program in renewable energy engineering.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ehu.eus/en/web/gipuzkoako-ingeniaritza-eskola/we-are-two-sections|title=We Are Two Sections|work=[[University of the Basque Country]]|language=es|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref>
The Gipuzkoa Faculty of Engineering of the [[University of the Basque Country]] has a campus in Eibar. The campus offers an undergraduate program in renewable energy engineering.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ehu.eus/en/web/gipuzkoako-ingeniaritza-eskola/we-are-two-sections|title=We Are Two Sections|work=[[University of the Basque Country]]|language=es|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref>


The Escuela de Armería, founded in 1913, is the oldest [[vocational school|vocational training school]] in Spain.<ref name=libro75>{{cite book
The Escuela de Armería, founded in 1913, is the oldest [[vocational school|vocational training school]] in Spain.<ref name=libro75>{{cite book
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;Football
;Football
Eibar is home to [[SD Eibar]], which earned promotion to [[La Liga]] in the [[2013–14 Segunda División|2013-14 season]]. After seven seasons in the top division, it was relegated to [[Segunda División]] in the [[2020–21 La Liga|2020–21 season]]. The team plays at the [[Ipurua Municipal Stadium]].
Eibar is home to [[SD Eibar]], who earned promotion to [[La Liga]] in the [[2013–14 Segunda División|2013-14 season]]. After seven seasons in the top division, it was relegated to [[Segunda División]] in the [[2020–21 La Liga|2020–21 season]]. The team plays at the [[Ipurua Municipal Stadium]].


The women's section of [[SD Eibar (women)|SD Eibar]] was granted promotion to [[Primera División (women)|Primera División]] in the [[2019–20 Segunda División Pro (women)|2019–20 season]]. After two seasons in the top division, it was relegated to [[Primera Federación (women)|Primera Federación]] in the [[2021–22 Primera División (women)|2021–22 season]]. The team plays at the [[Unbe Sports Complex]].
The women's section of [[SD Eibar (women)|SD Eibar]] was granted promotion to the [[Primera División (women)|Primera División]] in the [[2019–20 Segunda División Pro (women)|2019–20 season]]. After two seasons in the top division, it was relegated to [[Primera Federación (women)|Primera Federación]] in the [[2021–22 Primera División (women)|2021–22 season]]. The team plays at the [[Unbe Sports Complex]].


;Basque pelota
;Basque pelota
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;Cycling
;Cycling
Since 2009, the city hosts an annual stage finish in the [[Tour of Basque Country]], usually after the riders have climbed the ''Alto de Arrate''. Before 2009, this was a traditional finish in the [[Euskal Bizikleta]], which originated in Eibar as ''Bicicleta Eibarresa''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euskonews.com/0173zbk/gaia17308es.html|title=Euskal Bizikleta: una carrera con base histórica|work=Juanjo Sebastian|language=es|access-date=14 October 2014}}</ref> The Arrate-finish has also been included in the [[Vuelta a España]] in [[1972 Vuelta a España|1972]], [[1974 Vuelta a España|1974]], [[2012 Vuelta a España|2012]] and [[2020 Vuelta a España|2020]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cadenaser.com/deportes/articulo/santuario-arrate-final-etapa-vuelta-ciclista-espana/csrcsrpor/20111122csrcsrdep_24/Tes|title=El Santuario de Arrate, final de etapa de la Vuelta Ciclista a España|publisher=SER|language=es|access-date=14 October 2014|archive-date=25 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025233947/http://www.cadenaser.com/deportes/articulo/santuario-arrate-final-etapa-vuelta-ciclista-espana/csrcsrpor/20111122csrcsrdep_24/Tes|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2020-04-29/la-vuelta-a-espana-cancela-su-salida-desde-holanda.html|title=La Vuelta de otoño pierde tres etapas
Since 2009, the city has hosted an annual stage finish in the [[Tour of the Basque Country]], usually after the riders have climbed the ''Alto de Arrate''. Before 2009, this was a traditional finish in the [[Euskal Bizikleta]], which originated in Eibar as ''Bicicleta Eibarresa''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euskonews.com/0173zbk/gaia17308es.html|title=Euskal Bizikleta: una carrera con base histórica|work=Juanjo Sebastian|language=es|access-date=14 October 2014}}</ref> The Arrate finish has also been included in the [[Vuelta a España]] in [[1972 Vuelta a España|1972]], [[1974 Vuelta a España|1974]], [[2012 Vuelta a España|2012]] and [[2020 Vuelta a España|2020]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cadenaser.com/deportes/articulo/santuario-arrate-final-etapa-vuelta-ciclista-espana/csrcsrpor/20111122csrcsrdep_24/Tes|title=El Santuario de Arrate, final de etapa de la Vuelta Ciclista a España|publisher=SER|language=es|access-date=14 October 2014|archive-date=25 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025233947/http://www.cadenaser.com/deportes/articulo/santuario-arrate-final-etapa-vuelta-ciclista-espana/csrcsrpor/20111122csrcsrdep_24/Tes|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2020-04-29/la-vuelta-a-espana-cancela-su-salida-desde-holanda.html|title=La Vuelta de otoño pierde tres etapas
|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 April 2020|language=es|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref>
|newspaper=[[El País]]|date=19 April 2020|language=es|access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref>


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* [[Baltasar Albéniz]] (1905–1978), football manager
* [[Baltasar Albéniz]] (1905–1978), football manager
* [[Roberto Etxebarria Arruti]] (1908–1981), footballer
* [[Roberto Etxebarria Arruti]] (1908–1981), footballer
* [[Víctor Lecumberri]] (1913–2005) was a Spanish politician
* [[Víctor Lecumberri]] (1913–2005), politician
* [[Miguel Gallastegui]] (1918–2019), Basque pelotari
* [[Miguel Gallastegui]] (1918–2019), Basque pelotari
* [[Laura Irasuegi Otal]] (1923–2016), Basque [[Niños de Rusia (Children of Russia)|Niños de Rusia]], Soviet trained civil engineer
* [[Alicia Iturrioz]] (1927–2021), painter<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Lorenzo|first=Clara G.|date=2021-09-09|title=Muere la pintora Alicia Iturrioz a los 94 años|trans-title=The Painter Alicia Iturrioz Dies at 94|url=https://www.lne.es/cultura/2021/09/09/muere-pintora-alicia-iturrioz-94-57107096.html|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-02|website=La Nueva España|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909134022/https://www.lne.es/cultura/2021/09/09/muere-pintora-alicia-iturrioz-94-57107096.html |archive-date=2021-09-09 }}</ref>
* [[Alicia Iturrioz]] (1927–2021), painter<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Lorenzo|first=Clara G.|date=2021-09-09|title=Muere la pintora Alicia Iturrioz a los 94 años|trans-title=The Painter Alicia Iturrioz Dies at 94|url=https://www.lne.es/cultura/2021/09/09/muere-pintora-alicia-iturrioz-94-57107096.html|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-02|website=La Nueva España|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909134022/https://www.lne.es/cultura/2021/09/09/muere-pintora-alicia-iturrioz-94-57107096.html |archive-date=2021-09-09 }}</ref>
* [[Alberto Ormaetxea]] (1939–2005), footballer and football manager
* [[Alberto Ormaetxea]] (1939–2005), footballer and football manager
Line 155: Line 157:


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons|Eibar}}
{{commons}}
* [http://www.eibar.eus/ Official website]
* [http://www.eibar.eus/ Official website]
* [https://eibar.org/ eibar.org]
* [https://eibar.org/ eibar.org]

Latest revision as of 21:38, 9 December 2024

This article is about the municipality. For the city's football club, see SD Eibar.
Eibar
Eibar (Basque)
Éibar (Spanish)
Municipality
Panorámica de Éibar
Flag of Eibar
Flag
Coat of arms of Eibar
Coat of arms
Eibar is located in the Basque Country
Eibar
Eibar
Location of Eibar within the Basque Autonomous Community
Eibar is located in Spain
Eibar
Eibar
Eibar (Spain)
Coordinates: 43°11′N 2°28′W / 43.183°N 2.467°W / 43.183; -2.467
Country Spain
Autonomous community Euskadi
ProvinceGipuzkoa
EskualdeaDebabarrena
Government
 • MayorJon Iraola (PSE-EE)
Area
 • Total
24.56 km2 (9.48 sq mi)
Elevation
121 m (397 ft)
Population
 (2018)[1]
 • Total
27,406
 • Density1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi)
WebsiteOfficial website

Eibar (Basque: Eibar, Spanish: Éibar) is a city and municipality within the province of Gipuzkoa, in the Autonomous Community of Euskadi. It is the capital of the eskualde / comarca of Debabarrena.

Eibar has 27,138 inhabitants (Eustat, 2018).[2] Its chief industry is metal manufacturing, and the city has been known since the 16th century for the manufacture of armaments, particularly finely engraved small arms. It was also the home of Serveta scooters.

It is home to the SD Eibar football team.

Geography

[edit]

Eibar lies at an altitude of 121m above sea level, in the west of the province of Gipuzkoa, very close to Biscay.[3] Eibar has an oceanic climate. The town lies in a narrow valley in a mountainous area, with mountains like Karakate, Kalamua and Akondia being between 700 and 800 metres tall. Eibar is traversed by the river Ego, which is a tributary of the Deba.[4]

Apart from the urban area, the municipality consists of five rural neighbourhoods: Otaola-Kinarraga, Aginaga, Arrate, Mandiola and Gorosta.[5]

History

[edit]

The city was chartered by Alfonso XI of Castile in 1346, receiving the name of Villanueva de San Andrés de Heybar.[6][7]

The feudal families that dominated the territory engaged in the War of the Bands. Eibar, like the rest of settlements in the valley, had an industry based on finery forges and arms manufacturing. In 1766, Eibar was engaged in a social revolt known as the Machinada, and years later, in 1794, it was attacked by the French, who destroyed the town.[6]

In the 19th century, industrialisation transformed the systems of production in the city and spawned a powerful social movement. After the rest of Gipuzkoa sided with the French in 1793 during the French Revolutionary Wars, Eibar temporarily voted to join Biscay.[8] In the Carlist Wars, Eibar sided with the Liberals. The labour movement and socialism became particularly strong in Eibar. In 1931, it was the first city in Spain to proclaim the Second Spanish Republic; in recognition it was given the title of "Very Exemplary City".[6][9]

In the Spanish Civil War, Eibar was practically destroyed by Italian bombers aiding the Spanish Nationalists. The subsequent rebuilding brought significant industrial development and a demographic increase, as Eibar's population increased to nearly 40,000 within a few years.[6][10]

Due to the lack of space for expansion, several factories moved to Durangaldea and Álava.[11] The industrial crisis in the 1980s also caused Eibar to lose a great part of its population.[6]

At the beginning of the 21st century, Eibar's economy is based on industry and services.[6]

Euskal Herriko Ahotsak project with local Basque speakers and old photographs.[12][13]

Main sights

[edit]
  • Church of San Andrés in Eibar.
    Church of San Andrés in Eibar.
  • City Hall.
    City Hall.
  • Sanctuary of Arrate.
    Sanctuary of Arrate.

Transport

[edit]
Road

The AP-8 motorway connecting Bilbao and the French border crosses through Eibar, as does the N-634 road running parallel to it. The AP-1 motorway connects Eibar and Vitoria-Gasteiz. AP-8 and AP-1 meet at the Maltzaga motorway junction located in the east of Eibar.[22]

Regular and frequent bus services under Lurraldebus [eu] connect Eibar to neighbouring towns, San Sebastián, Vitoria-Gasteiz and Bilbao Airport.[23] BizkaiBus provides regular and frequent bus services to and from Bilbao.[24] ALSA runs a daily service to and from Madrid-Barajas Airport and Madrid.[25]

Eibar also has an urban bus service called Udalbus.[26]

Railway
Train station.

Eibar is located on the Bilbao-San Sebastián narrow gauge railway line. Trains operated by Euskotren run frequently and regularly to Bilbao-Matiko station and Donostia-Amara station. Services are more frequent in the Ermua-Eibar-Elgoibar section.

There are five stations in Eibar, from west to east: Unibertsitatea-Eibar, Amaña-Eibar, Ardantza-Eibar, Eibar and Azitain-Eibar.

Education

[edit]

The Gipuzkoa Faculty of Engineering of the University of the Basque Country has a campus in Eibar. The campus offers an undergraduate program in renewable energy engineering.[27]

The Escuela de Armería, founded in 1913, is the oldest vocational training school in Spain.[28]

Sport

[edit]
Football

Eibar is home to SD Eibar, who earned promotion to La Liga in the 2013-14 season. After seven seasons in the top division, it was relegated to Segunda División in the 2020–21 season. The team plays at the Ipurua Municipal Stadium.

The women's section of SD Eibar was granted promotion to the Primera División in the 2019–20 season. After two seasons in the top division, it was relegated to Primera Federación in the 2021–22 season. The team plays at the Unbe Sports Complex.

Basque pelota

The Astelena fronton, nicknamed the Cathedral of Basque Hand-pelota, is a regular venue of the hand-pelota professional circuit competitions the Bare-handed Pelota First League, the Bare-handed Pelota First League Doubles and the Cuatro y Medio Euskadi Championship.

Cycling

Since 2009, the city has hosted an annual stage finish in the Tour of the Basque Country, usually after the riders have climbed the Alto de Arrate. Before 2009, this was a traditional finish in the Euskal Bizikleta, which originated in Eibar as Bicicleta Eibarresa.[29] The Arrate finish has also been included in the Vuelta a España in 1972, 1974, 2012 and 2020.[30][31]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  2. ^ "Eibar". Basque Statistics Office. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  3. ^ "Eibar". Foral Council of Gipuzkoa (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  4. ^ "Eibar". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  5. ^ "Baserriak eta auzoak". Egoibarra (in Basque). Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "Historia de Eibar". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  7. ^ "Año 1346". Cronología Histórica (in Spanish). Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  8. ^ Coverdale, John F. (1984-12-31). The Basque Phase of Spain's First Carlist War. p. 32. doi:10.1515/9781400853687. ISBN 978-1-4008-5368-7.
  9. ^ Ormazabal, Mikel (14 April 2011). "Eibar, el orgullo republicano". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  10. ^ "Habitantes de Eibar". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  11. ^ "La inmigración llegada a Eibar contribuyó a la construcción de una ciudad mejor". El Diario Vasco (in Spanish). 2 April 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  12. ^ Eibarko ahozko ondarea, from Ahotsak.com website.
  13. ^ Ahotsak.com. Youtube (January 2014). Eibarko ahozko ondarea. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6P7TxE8OLY
  14. ^ "Parroquia San Andrés". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  15. ^ "Santuario de Arrate". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  16. ^ "El Cristo imberbe, uno de los pocos que hay en el mundo". El Correo (in Spanish). 26 February 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  17. ^ "Casa-Torre de Unzueta". Basque Country Tourism Department (in Spanish). 15 January 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  18. ^ "Palacio Iñarra (Aldatze)". Egoibarra (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  19. ^ "Palacio de los Isasi (Markeskua)". Basque Country Tourism Department (in Spanish). November 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  20. ^ "Casa Consistorial de Eibar". Basque Country Tourism Department (in Spanish). 15 January 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  21. ^ "Teatro Coliseo". Eibar City Council (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  22. ^ "Carreteras". Foral Council of Gipuzkoa (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  23. ^ "Líneas y Horarios". Lurraldebus (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  24. ^ "Bizkaibus". Foral Council of Biscay (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  25. ^ "Se pone en marcha el nuevo servicio de autobús desde Eibar hasta Madrid". El Diario Vasco (in Spanish). 21 September 2015. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  26. ^ "Servicio Udalbus Eibar". City Council of Eibar (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  27. ^ "We Are Two Sections". University of the Basque Country (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  28. ^ Zubía y otros, Rafael (1989). Escuela de Armería de Éibar Eibarko Armeria Eskola 75 urteurrena. CIUDAD: Eibar EDITORIAL: Escuela de Armería. BI 1171/89.
  29. ^ "Euskal Bizikleta: una carrera con base histórica". Juanjo Sebastian (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  30. ^ "El Santuario de Arrate, final de etapa de la Vuelta Ciclista a España" (in Spanish). SER. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  31. ^ "La Vuelta de otoño pierde tres etapas". El País (in Spanish). 19 April 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  32. ^ Lorenzo, Clara G. (2021-09-09). "Muere la pintora Alicia Iturrioz a los 94 años" [The Painter Alicia Iturrioz Dies at 94]. La Nueva España (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2021-09-09. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
[edit]
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