Jump to content

Outline of South Asian history: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m case fix (via WP:JWB)
good enough
 
(29 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
<!--... Attention: THIS IS AN OUTLINE
<!--... Attention: THIS IS AN OUTLINE


part of the set of 740+ outlines listed at
part of the set of 830+ outlines listed at
[[Portal:Contents/Outlines]].
[[Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines]].


Wikipedia outlines are
Wikipedia outlines are
Line 10: Line 10:
content navigation systems
content navigation systems


See [[Wikipedia:Outlines]]
See [[Wikipedia: Outlines]] and
for more details.
[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Outlines]] for more details.
Further improvements
Further improvements
to this outline are on the way
to this outline are on the way
...-->
...-->
⚫
The following [[outline (list)|outline]] is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the history of South Asia:


⚫
The following [[outline (list)|outline]] is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the [[South Asia#History|history of South Asia]].
⚫
'''History of South Asia''' &ndash; [[South Asia]] includes the contemporary political entities of [[History of the Republic of India|India]], [[History of Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[History of Bangladesh|Bangladesh]], [[History of Nepal|Nepal]], [[History of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], [[History of Bhutan|Bhutan]], and the island nations of [[History of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]] and the [[History of the Maldives|Maldives]].

⚫
The broader region in and around the historical [[Indian subcontinent]], which includes the contemporary geopolitical entities of [[History of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], [[History of Bangladesh|Bangladesh]], [[History of Bhutan|Bhutan]], [[History of the Republic of India|India]], [[History of Nepal|Nepal]], [[History of Pakistan|Pakistan]], and the island countries of [[History of Maldives|Maldives]] and [[History of Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]].


{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}
Line 26: Line 27:
! colspan=4 | Chronology of India
! colspan=4 | Chronology of India
|-
|-
|colspan=4|[[James Mill]] (1774–1836), in his ''[[The History of British India]]'' (1817),{{efn|Khanna 2007, p.xvii}} distinguished three phases in the history of India, namely Hindu, Muslim, and British civilisations.{{efn|Khanna 2007, p.xvii}}{{efn|Misra 2004, p.194}} This periodisation has been influential, but has also been criticised for the misconceptions it gave rise to.{{efn|Kulke 2004, p.7}} Another influential periodisation is the division into "ancient, classical, medieval and modern periods".{{efn|Flood 1996, p.21}}
|colspan=4|[[James Mill]] (1774–1836), in his ''[[The History of British India]]'' (1817),{{efn|Khanna 2007, p.xvii}} distinguished three phases in the history of the [[Indian subcontinent]], namely Hindu, Muslim, and British civilisations.{{efn|Khanna 2007, p.xvii}}{{efn|Misra 2004, p.194}} This periodisation has been influential, but has also been criticised for the misconceptions it gave rise to.{{efn|Kulke 2004, p.7}} Another influential periodisation is the division into "ancient, classical, medieval and modern periods".{{efn|Flood 1996, p.21}}
|-
|-
! World History{{efn|Bentley|1996}}
! World History{{efn|Bentley|1996}}
Line 98: Line 99:
|}
|}
|}
|}
[[James Mill]] (1773–1836), in his [[The History of British India]] (1817), distinguished three phases in the history of India, namely Hindu, Muslim and British civilisations. This periodisation has been influential, but has also been criticised for the misconceptions it gave rise to. Another influential periodisation is the division into "ancient, classical, medieval and modern periods", although this periodisation has also been criticised.{{sfn|Thapar|1978|p=19–20}}
[[James Mill]] (1773–1836), in his [[The History of British India]] (1817), distinguished three phases in the history of India, namely Hindu, Muslim, and British civilisations. This periodisation has been influential, but has also been criticised for the misconceptions it gave rise to. Another influential periodisation is the division into "ancient, classical, medieval and modern periods", although this periodisation has also been criticised.{{sfn|Thapar|1978|p=19–20}}


Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to "ruling dynasties and foreign invasions",{{sfn|Thapar|1978|p=19}} neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity.{{sfn|Thapar|1978|p=19}} The division into Ancient-Medieval-Modern periods overlooks the fact that the Muslim conquests occurred gradually during which time many things came and went off, while the south was never completely conquered.{{sfn|Thapar|1978|p=19}} According to Thapar, a periodisation could also be based on "significant social and economic changes", which are not strictly related to the change of ruling powers.{{sfn|Thapar|1978|p=20}}{{refn|group=note|See also Tanvir Anjum, ''[https://www.academia.edu/6647852/Temporal_Divides_A_Critical_Review_of_the_Major_Schemes_of_Periodization_in_Indian_History Temporal Divides: A Critical Review of the Major Schemes of Periodization in Indian History]''.}}
Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to "ruling dynasties and foreign invasions",{{sfn|Thapar|1978|p=19}} neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity.{{sfn|Thapar|1978|p=19}} The division into Ancient-Medieval-Modern periods overlooks the fact that the Muslim conquests occurred gradually during which time many things came and went off, while the south was never completely conquered.{{sfn|Thapar|1978|p=19}} According to Thapar, a periodisation could also be based on "significant social and economic changes", which are not strictly related to the change of ruling powers.{{sfn|Thapar|1978|p=20}}{{refn|group=note|See also Tanvir Anjum, ''[https://www.academia.edu/6647852/Temporal_Divides_A_Critical_Review_of_the_Major_Schemes_of_Periodization_in_Indian_History Temporal Divides: A Critical Review of the Major Schemes of Periodization in Indian History]''.}}


== By period ==
== By period ==
⚫
=== Paleolithic and Mesolithic age ===

⚫
=== Paleolithic and Mesolithic age===
* [[Madrasian culture]] ( 1.5 MYA)
* [[Madrasian culture]] ( 1.5 MYA)
* [[Soanian|Soanian culture]]
* [[Soanian|Soanian culture]]
(c. 500,000–125,000 BCE)
({{Circa|500,000}}–125,000 BCE)
*[[South Asian Stone Age]] (c. 50,000–5000 BCE)
* [[South Asian Stone Age]] ({{Circa|50,000}}–5000 BCE)


=== Neolithic age ===
=== Neolithic age ===
Line 125: Line 125:
*[[Painted Grey Ware culture]]
*[[Painted Grey Ware culture]]
*[[Black and red ware|Black and red ware culture]]
*[[Black and red ware|Black and red ware culture]]
*[[Bara culture|Bara culture]]
*[[Bara culture]]
*[[Malwa culture]]
*[[Malwa culture]]
*[[Jorwe culture]]
*[[Jorwe culture]]
Line 140: Line 140:
** [[Panchala Dynasty]] (c. 1200–500 BCE)
** [[Panchala Dynasty]] (c. 1200–500 BCE)
** [[Avanti (Ancient India)|Avanti Kingdom]] (c. 1200–300 BCE)
** [[Avanti (Ancient India)|Avanti Kingdom]] (c. 1200–300 BCE)

* Later [[Vedic period]] (c. 1000–600 BCE)
* Later [[Vedic period]] (c. 1000–600 BCE)
** [[Matsya Kingdom]] &nbsp; ( c.1000–500 BCE )
** [[Matsya (tribe)|Matsya Kingdom]] &nbsp; ( c.1000–500 BCE )
** [[Chedi Kingdom]] &nbsp; ( c.1000–300 BCE)
** [[Chedi Kingdom]] &nbsp; ( c.1000–300 BCE)
** [[Surasena Kingdom]] &nbsp; (c.1000–600 BCE)
** [[Surasena Kingdom]] &nbsp; (c.1000–600 BCE)
Line 192: Line 191:
* [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya Empire]] &nbsp; (543–753 CE)
* [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya Empire]] &nbsp; (543–753 CE)
* [[Maukhari|Maukhari Empire]] &nbsp; (550s–8th century CE)
* [[Maukhari|Maukhari Empire]] &nbsp; (550s–8th century CE)
* [[Kalachuris of Mahishmati]] (6th-7th century CE)
* [[Kalachuris of Mahishmati]] (6th–7th century CE)
* [[Empire of Harsha|Harsha Empire]] &nbsp; (606–647 CE)
* [[Empire of Harsha|Harsha Empire]] &nbsp; (606–647 CE)
* [[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern Chalukya Kingdom]] &nbsp; (624–1075 CE)
* [[Eastern Chalukyas|Eastern Chalukya Kingdom]] &nbsp; (624–1075 CE)
Line 253: Line 252:
* [[Ramnad estate|Marava Kingdom]] &nbsp; (1600–1750 CE)
* [[Ramnad estate|Marava Kingdom]] &nbsp; (1600–1750 CE)
* [[Tondaiman|Thondaiman Kingdom]] &nbsp; (1650–1948 CE)
* [[Tondaiman|Thondaiman Kingdom]] &nbsp; (1650–1948 CE)
* [[Maratha Empire]] &nbsp; (1674–1947 CE)
* [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha Empire]] &nbsp; (1674–1947 CE)
* [[Misl|Sikh Confederacy]] &nbsp; (1707–1799 CE)
* [[Misl|Sikh Confederacy]] &nbsp; (1707–1799 CE)
* [[Durrani Empire]] &nbsp; (1747–1823 CE)
* [[Durrani Empire]] &nbsp; (1747–1823 CE)
Line 270: Line 269:
* [[British Raj]] &nbsp; (1858–1947 CE)
* [[British Raj]] &nbsp; (1858–1947 CE)
* [[Partition of British India]] &nbsp; (1947 CE)
* [[Partition of British India]] &nbsp; (1947 CE)
⚫
* [[Portuguese Ceylon]] &nbsp; (1505–1658 CE)
⚫
* [[Dutch Ceylon]] &nbsp; (1656–1796 CE)
⚫
* [[British Ceylon]] &nbsp; (1815–1948 CE)


=== Kingdoms of Sri Lanka ===
=== Kingdoms of Sri Lanka ===
Line 288: Line 290:
* [[Kingdom of Sitawaka]] &nbsp; (1521–1594 CE)
* [[Kingdom of Sitawaka]] &nbsp; (1521–1594 CE)
* [[Kingdom of Kandy]] &nbsp; (1469–1815 CE)
* [[Kingdom of Kandy]] &nbsp; (1469–1815 CE)
⚫
* [[Portuguese Ceylon]] &nbsp; (1505–1658 CE)
⚫
* [[Dutch Ceylon]] &nbsp; (1656–1796 CE)
⚫
* [[British Ceylon]] &nbsp; (1815–1948 CE)


== History of South Asia, by region ==
== History of South Asia, by region ==


=== By South Asian subregion ===

* [[Central South Asia#History]]
* [[Eastern South Asia#History]]
** [[East India#History]]
** [[Northeast India#History]]
* [[Northern South Asia#History]]
** [[North India#History]]
* [[Northwestern South Asia#History]]
** [[Northwest India#History]]
* [[Southern South Asia#History]]
** [[History of South India]]
*[[Western India#History]] (Central western region of South Asia)

=== By country and national subdivision ===
* [[History of Afghanistan]]
* [[History of Afghanistan]]
* [[History of Bengal]]
* [[History of Bengal]]
Line 302: Line 316:
** [[History of Sylhet]]
** [[History of Sylhet]]
* [[History of Bhutan]]
* [[History of Bhutan]]
* [[History of India]] for pre-1947 history.
* [[History of India]] for pre-1947 history (See [[History of the Republic of India]] for post-1947 history)
** [[Timeline of Indian history]]
** [[Timeline of Indian history]]
** [[History of Andhra Pradesh]]
** [[History of Andhra Pradesh]]
Line 333: Line 347:
** [[History of Uttarakhand]]
** [[History of Uttarakhand]]
** [[History of West Bengal]]
** [[History of West Bengal]]
** [[History of the Republic of India]] for post-1947 history
* [[History of the Maldives]]
* [[History of the Maldives]]
* [[History of Nepal]]
* [[History of Nepal]]
* [[History of Pakistan]]
* [[History of Pakistan]] for pre-1947 history (See also [[History of Pakistan (1947–present)]])
** [[Pakistan studies]]
** [[Pakistan studies]]
** [[History of Azad Kashmir]]
** [[History of Azad Kashmir]]
Line 343: Line 356:
** [[History of Islamabad]]
** [[History of Islamabad]]
** [[History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
** [[History of the Punjab]]
** [[History of Punjab]]
** [[History of Sindh]]
** [[History of Sindh]]
** [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|History of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas]]
** [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas|History of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas]]
Line 364: Line 377:
* [[Indian literature]]
* [[Indian literature]]
* [[Indian maritime history]]
* [[Indian maritime history]]
* [[Indian physical culture]]
* [[Military history of India]]
* [[Military history of India]]
* [[List of Indian monarchs]]
* [[List of Indian monarchs]]
Line 400: Line 414:


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Sisterlinks|South Asian history}}
{{Sister project links|South Asian history}}


{{Outline footer}}
{{Outline footer}}
Line 406: Line 420:
[[Category:South Asia|*]]
[[Category:South Asia|*]]
[[Category:History of South Asia| 1]]
[[Category:History of South Asia| 1]]
[[Category:Outlines|South Asian history]]

Latest revision as of 23:09, 9 December 2024

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the history of South Asia.

The broader region in and around the historical Indian subcontinent, which includes the contemporary geopolitical entities of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and the island countries of Maldives and Sri Lanka.

History of South Asia
South Asia (orthographic projection)
Outline
Palaeolithic (2,500,000–250,000 BC)
Madrasian culture
Soanian culture
Neolithic (10,800–3300 BC)
Bhirrana culture (7570–6200 BC)
Mehrgarh culture (7000–3300 BC)
Edakkal culture (5000–3000 BC)
Chalcolithic (3500–1500 BC)
Anarta tradition (c. 3950–1900 BC)
Ahar-Banas culture (3000–1500 BC)
Pandu culture (1600–750 BC)
Malwa culture (1600–1300 BC)
Jorwe culture (1400–700 BC)
Bronze Age (3300–1300 BC)
Indus Valley Civilisation(3300–1300 BC)
 – Early Harappan culture(3300–2600 BC)
 – Mature Harappan culture(2600–1900 BC)
 – Late Harappan culture(1900–1300 BC)
Vedic Civilisation(2000–500 BC)
 – Ochre Coloured Pottery culture(2000–1600 BC)
 – Swat culture(1600–500 BC)
Iron Age (1500–200 BC)
Vedic Civilisation(1500–500 BC)
 – Janapadas (1500–600 BC)
 – Black and Red ware culture(1300–1000 BC)
 – Painted Grey Ware culture (1200–600 BC)
 – Northern Black Polished Ware (700–200 BC)
Pradyota dynasty (799–684 BC)
Haryanka dynasty (684–424 BC)
Three Crowned Kingdoms (c. 600 BC – AD 1600)
Maha Janapadas (c. 600–300 BC)
Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)
Ror Dynasty (450 BC – AD 489)
Shaishunaga dynasty (424–345 BC)
Nanda Empire (380–321 BC)
Macedonian Empire (330–323 BC)
Maurya Empire (321–184 BC)
Seleucid India (312–303 BC)
Sangam period (c. 300 BC – c. 300 AD)
Pandya Empire (c. 300 BC – AD 1345)
Chera Kingdom (c. 300 BC – AD 1102)
Chola Empire (c. 300 BC – AD 1279)
Pallava Empire (c. 250 AD – AD 800)
Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire (c. 250 BC – c. AD 500)
Parthian Empire (247 BC – AD 224)
Middle Kingdoms (230 BC – AD 1206)
Satavahana Empire (230 BC – AD 220)
Kuninda Kingdom (200 BC – AD 300)
Mitra Dynasty (c. 150 – c. 50 BC)
Shunga Empire (185–73 BC)
Indo-Greek Kingdom (180 BC – AD 10)
Kanva Empire (75–26 BC)
Indo-Scythian Kingdom (50 BC – AD 400)
Indo-Parthian Kingdom (AD 21 – c. 130)
Western Satrap Empire (AD 35–405 )
Kushan Empire (AD 60–240)
Bharshiva Dynasty (170–350)
Nagas of Padmavati (210–340)
Sasanian Empire (224–651)
Indo-Sassanid Kingdom (230–360)
Vakataka Empire (c. 250 – c. 500)
Kalabhras Empire (c. 250 – c. 600)
Gupta Empire (280–550)
Kadamba Empire (345–525)
Western Ganga Kingdom (350–1000)
Kamarupa Kingdom (350–1100)
Vishnukundina Empire (420–624)
Maitraka Empire (475–767)
Huna Kingdom (475–576)
Rai Kingdom (489–632)
Kabul Shahi Empire (c. 500 – 1026)
Chalukya Empire (543–753)
Maukhari Empire (c. 550 – c. 700)
Harsha Empire (606–647)
Tibetan Empire (618–841)
Eastern Chalukya Kingdom (624–1075)
Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (650–1036)
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Mallabhum kingdom (694–1947)
Bhauma-Kara Kingdom (736–916)
Pala Empire (750–1174)
Rashtrakuta Empire (753–982)
Paramara Kingdom (800–1327)
Yadava Empire (850–1334)
Somavamshi Kingdom (882–1110)
Chaulukya Kingdom (942–1244)
Western Chalukya Empire (973–1189)
Lohara Kingdom (1003–1320)
Hoysala Empire (1040–1347)
Sena Empire (1070–1230)
Eastern Ganga Empire (1078–1434)
Kakatiya Kingdom (1083–1323)
Zamorin Kingdom (1102–1766)
Kalachuris of Tripuri (675–1210)
Kalachuris of Kalyani (1156–1184)
Chutiya Kingdom (1187–1673)
Deva Kingdom (c. 1200 – c. 1300)
Late medieval period (1206–1526)
Ghaznavid Dynasty (977–1186)
Ghurid Dynasty (1170–1206)
Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)
 – Mamluk Sultanate (1206–1290)
 – Khalji Sultanate (1290–1320)
 – Tughlaq Sultanate (1320–1414)
 – Sayyid Sultanate (1414–1451)
 – Lodi Sultanate (1451–1526)
Ahom Kingdom (1228–1826)
Chitradurga Kingdom (1300–1779)
Reddy Kingdom (1325–1448)
Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)
Bengal Sultanate (1352–1576)
Garhwal Kingdom (1358–1803)
Mysore Kingdom (1399–1947)
Gajapati Empire (1434–1541)
Ladakh Kingdom (1470–1842)
Deccan sultanates (1490–1596)
 – Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1490–1636)
 – Berar sultanate (1490–1574)
 – Bidar Sultanate (1492–1619)
 – Bijapur Sultanate (1492–1686)
 – Golkonda Sultanate (1518–1687)
Keladi Kingdom (1499–1763)
Koch Kingdom (1515–1947)
Early modern period (1526–1858)
Mughal Empire (1526–1858)
Sur Empire (1540–1556)
Madurai Kingdom (1529–1736)
Thanjavur Kingdom (1532–1673)
Bhoi dynasty (1541–1804)
Bengal Subah (1576–1757)
Marava Kingdom (1600–1750)
Sikkim Kingdom (1642–1975)
Thondaiman Kingdom (1650–1948)
Maratha Empire (1674–1818)
Sikh Confederacy (1707–1799)
Travancore Kingdom (1729–1947)
Sikh Empire (1799–1849)
Colonial states (1510–1961)
Portuguese India (1510–1961)
Dutch India (1605–1825)
Danish India (1620–1869)
French India (1759–1954)
Company Raj (1757–1858)
British Raj (1858–1947)
National histories
Regional histories
Specialised histories

Chronology

[edit]
Chronology of India
James Mill (1774–1836), in his The History of British India (1817),[a] distinguished three phases in the history of the Indian subcontinent, namely Hindu, Muslim, and British civilisations.[b][c] This periodisation has been influential, but has also been criticised for the misconceptions it gave rise to.[d] Another influential periodisation is the division into "ancient, classical, medieval and modern periods".[e]
World History[f] James Mill's Periodisation[g] ACMM[h][i] Chronology of Indian History[j][k][l][m]
Early Societes
(3500–2500 BCE) 		Early Indian Civilizations Ancient India Prehistoric Era
Indus Valley civilisation (c. 3300–1750 BCE)
Ancient Vedic Kingdoms
(2500–600 BCE) 		Hindu civilisations Early Vedic period
(c. 1750 – 1200 BCE)
Middle Vedic period
(from 1200 BCE)
Late Vedic period
(from 850 BCE)
Classical Civilisations
(600 BCE-500 CE) 		Second urbanisation
Early empires[n]
(c. 600–200 BCE)[o]
Disintegration[p] and regional states
(c. 200 BCE–300 CE)[q]
Classical India "Golden Age" (Gupta Empire)
(c. 320–650 CE)[r]
Post-classical age
(500–1000 CE) 		Medieval India Regional Indian kingdoms and Beginning of Islamic raids
(c. 650–1100 CE)[s]
Transregional nomadic empires
(1000–1500 CE) 		Muslim civilisations Delhi Sultanate (north India)
(1206–1526 CE)
Vijayanagara Empire (south India)
(1336–1646 CE)
Modern age
(1500–present) 		Modern India Mughal Empire
(1526–1707)
British civilisations Maratha Empire
British rule
(c. 1750 CE–1947)
– Independent India

James Mill (1773–1836), in his The History of British India (1817), distinguished three phases in the history of India, namely Hindu, Muslim, and British civilisations. This periodisation has been influential, but has also been criticised for the misconceptions it gave rise to. Another influential periodisation is the division into "ancient, classical, medieval and modern periods", although this periodisation has also been criticised.[1]

Romila Thapar notes that the division into Hindu-Muslim-British periods of Indian history gives too much weight to "ruling dynasties and foreign invasions",[2] neglecting the social-economic history which often showed a strong continuity.[2] The division into Ancient-Medieval-Modern periods overlooks the fact that the Muslim conquests occurred gradually during which time many things came and went off, while the south was never completely conquered.[2] According to Thapar, a periodisation could also be based on "significant social and economic changes", which are not strictly related to the change of ruling powers.[3][note 1]

By period

[edit]

Paleolithic and Mesolithic age

[edit]

(c. 500,000–125,000 BCE)

Neolithic age

[edit]

Bronze Age

[edit]

Bronze Age India (3500–1500 BCE)

Iron Age and Vedic period

[edit]
Main article: Vedic period

Middle kingdoms

[edit]
Main article: Middle kingdoms of India

Late medieval period

[edit]

Late medieval period   (1206–1596)

Early modern period

[edit]

Early modern period   (1526–1858)

European colonial period

[edit]

Colonial period   (1510–1961 CE)

Kingdoms of Sri Lanka

[edit]
Main article: History of Sri Lanka

History of South Asia, by region

[edit]

By South Asian subregion

[edit]

By country and national subdivision

[edit]

History of South Asia, by subject

[edit]

History of architecture in South Asia

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ See also Tanvir Anjum, Temporal Divides: A Critical Review of the Major Schemes of Periodization in Indian History.

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Thapar 1978, p. 19–20.
  2. ^ a b c Thapar 1978, p. 19.
  3. ^ Thapar 1978, p. 20.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_South_Asian_history&oldid=1262162806"