White-browed bush robin: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of bird}} |
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{{speciesbox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| name = White-browed bush robin |
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| image = White-browed Bush-Robin |
| image = White-browed Bush-Robin cropped.jpg |
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| image_caption = In Phulchoki, Nepal |
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| status = LC |
| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref>{{ |
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Tarsiger indicus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22709743A94221641 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22709743A94221641.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> |
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| genus = Tarsiger |
| genus = Tarsiger |
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| species = indicus |
| species = indicus |
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| authority = ([[Louis |
| authority = ([[Louis Pierre Vieillot|Vieillot]], 1817) |
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| synonyms = |
| synonyms = |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''white-browed bush robin''' ('''''Tarsiger indicus''''') is a species of [[passerine]] bird in the Old World flycatcher family [[Muscicapidae]] that is found from the [[Himalayas]] to south-central China and north Vietnam. Its natural [[habitat]] is [[Rhododendron]] and [[conifer]] [[forest]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://www.hbw.com/species/white-browed-bush-robin-tarsiger-indicus|doi = 10.2173/bow.wbbrob1.01|chapter = White-browed Bush-Robin (Tarsiger indicus)|title = Birds of the World|year = 2020|last1 = Collar|first1 = Nigel|s2cid = 216294797|editor1-first = Josep|editor1-last = Del Hoyo|editor2-first = Andrew|editor2-last = Elliott|editor3-first = Jordi|editor3-last = Sargatal|editor4-first = David|editor4-last = Christie|editor5-first = Eduardo|editor5-last = De Juana}}</ref> The [[Taiwan bush robin]] was formerly regarded as a [[subspecies]]. |
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The '''white-browed bush robin''' (''Tarsiger indicus'') is a species of [[bird]] in the family [[Muscicapidae]]. |
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It is found from the [[Himalayas]] to south-central China and Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/chats/|title=Chats, Old World flycatchers « IOC World Bird List|website=www.worldbirdnames.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-16}}</ref> Its natural [[habitat]] is [[Rhododendron]] and [[conifer]] [[forest]]s.<ref>http://www.hbw.com/species/white-browed-bush-robin-tarsiger-indicus</ref> |
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==Taxonomy== |
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[[File:White-browed Bush Robin Lungthu East Sikkim India 08.11.2015.jpg|thumb|left|From [[Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary]] in [[East Sikkim]], [[Sikkim]].]] |
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The white-browed bush robin was [[species description|formally described]] in 1817 by the French ornithologist [[Louis Pierre Vieillot|Louis Vieillot]] under the [[binomial name]] ''Sylvia indica''. Vieillot based his account on "Le rossignol de muraille des Indes" that had been described by [[Pierre Sonnerat]] in his "Voyage aux Indes orientales et à la Chine".<ref>{{ cite book | last=Vieillot | first=Louis Pierre | author-link=Louis Pierre Vieillot | year=1817 | title=Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. | edition=Nouvelle édition | volume=11 | location=Paris | publisher=Deterville | page=267 | language=French | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19428032 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | last=Sonnerat | first=Pierre | author-link=Pierre Sonnerat | date=1782 | title=Voyage aux Indes orientales et à la Chine, fait par ordre du Roi, depuis 1774 jusqu'en 1782 | volume=2 | language=French | location=Paris | publisher=Chez l'Auteur | page=208 | url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15182388/f303.item }}</ref> The [[type locality (biology)|type locality]] was restricted to Darjeeling by [[E. C. Stuart Baker]] in 1921.<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Baker | first=E.C. Stuart | author-link=E. C. Stuart Baker | date=1921 | title=Hand-list of the "Birds of India" Part III | journal=Journal Bombay Natural History Society | volume=27 | pages=692-744 [714] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30359377 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Paynter | editor2-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1964 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=10 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | location=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=49 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14486238 }}</ref> The white-browed bush is now one of eight bush robins placed in the genus ''[[Tarsiger]]'' that was introduced by [[Brian Houghton Hodgson|Brian Hodgson]] in 1845.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=August 2024 | title=Chats, Old World flycatchers | work=IOC World Bird List Version 14.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/chats/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref> |
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Two [[subspecies]] are recognised:<ref name=ioc/> |
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* ''T. i. indicus'' ([[Louis Pierre Vieillot|Vieillot]], 1817) – central, east Himalayas |
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* ''T. i. yunnanensis'' [[Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild|Rothschild]], 1922 – north Myanmar, central south China and north Vietnam |
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The [[Taiwan bush robin]] (''Tarsiger formosanus'') was formerly regarded as a subspecies but is now considered as a separate species based both on a phylogenetic study published in 2022 as well as the differences in plumage and vocalizations.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Wei | first1=C. | last2=Sangster | first2=G. | last3=Olsson | first3=U. | last4=Rasmussen | first4=P.C. | last5=Svensson | first5=L. | last6=Yao | first6=C.-T. | last7=Carey | first7=G.J. | last8=Leader | first8=P.J. | last9=Zhang | first9=R. | last10=Chen | first10=G. | last11=Song | first11=G. | last12=Lei | first12=F. | last13=Wilcove | first13=D.S. | last14=Alström | first14=P. | last15=Liu | first15=Y. | date=2022 | title=Cryptic species in a colorful genus: Integrative taxonomy of the bush robins (Aves, Muscicapidae, ''Tarsiger'') suggests two overlooked species | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=175 | pages=107580 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107580 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela C. Rasmussen | date=August 2024 | title=Chats, Old World flycatchers | work=IOC World Bird List Version 14.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/chats/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=25 November 2024}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
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White-browed bush robins display delayed [[plumage]] maturation—after [[Sexual maturity|becoming capable of breeding]], first-year males (subadults) retain their juvenile plumage (similar to that of adult females) to avoid direct competition with older males.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=DuBay |first=Shane G. |last2=Wu |first2=Yongjie |last3=Scott |first3=Graham R. |last4=Qu |first4=Yanhua |last5=Liu |first5=Qiao |last6=Smith |first6=Joel H. |last7=Xin |first7=Chao |last8=Hart Reeve |first8=Andrew |last9=Juncheng |first9=Chen |last10=Meyer |first10=Dylan |last11=Wang |first11=Jing |last12=Johnson |first12=Jacob |last13=Cheviron |first13=Zachary A. |last14=Lei |first14=Fumin |last15=Bates |first15=John |date=2020-03-26 |title=Life history predicts flight muscle phenotype and function in birds |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13190 |journal=Journal of Animal Ecology |volume=89 |issue=5 |pages=1262–1276 |doi=10.1111/1365-2656.13190 |issn=0021-8790|hdl=2027.42/155496 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |
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==Behaviour== |
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They perform [[altitudinal migration]].<ref name=":0" /> They are insectivores.<ref>Neupane, Juna, Laxman Khanal, and Mukesh Kumar Chalise. "Avian diversity in Kaligandaki River basin, Annapurna conservation area, Nepal." ''International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences'' 46.2 (2020): 99-110.</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q905873}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q905873}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:robin, bush, white-browed}} |
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[[Category:Birds of Nepal]] |
[[Category:Birds of Nepal]] |
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[[Category:Birds of Bhutan]] |
[[Category:Birds of Bhutan]] |
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[[Category:Birds of Northeast India]] |
[[Category:Birds of Northeast India]] |
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[[Category:Birds of China]] |
[[Category:Birds of China]] |
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[[Category:Birds of Taiwan]] |
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[[Category:Birds of Yunnan]] |
[[Category:Birds of Yunnan]] |
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[[Category:Birds described in 1817 |
[[Category:Birds described in 1817]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot]] |
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[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]] |
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]] |
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{{Muscicapidae-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 23:57, 9 December 2024
| White-browed bush robin | |
|---|---|
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| In Phulchoki, Nepal | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Muscicapidae |
| Genus: | Tarsiger |
| Species: | T. indicus
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| Binomial name | |
| Tarsiger indicus (Vieillot, 1817)
| |
The white-browed bush robin (Tarsiger indicus) is a species of passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae that is found from the Himalayas to south-central China and north Vietnam. Its natural habitat is Rhododendron and conifer forests.[2] The Taiwan bush robin was formerly regarded as a subspecies.
Taxonomy
[edit]The white-browed bush robin was formally described in 1817 by the French ornithologist Louis Vieillot under the binomial name Sylvia indica. Vieillot based his account on "Le rossignol de muraille des Indes" that had been described by Pierre Sonnerat in his "Voyage aux Indes orientales et à la Chine".[3][4] The type locality was restricted to Darjeeling by E. C. Stuart Baker in 1921.[5][6] The white-browed bush is now one of eight bush robins placed in the genus Tarsiger that was introduced by Brian Hodgson in 1845.[7]
Two subspecies are recognised:[7]
- T. i. indicus (Vieillot, 1817) – central, east Himalayas
- T. i. yunnanensis Rothschild, 1922 – north Myanmar, central south China and north Vietnam
The Taiwan bush robin (Tarsiger formosanus) was formerly regarded as a subspecies but is now considered as a separate species based both on a phylogenetic study published in 2022 as well as the differences in plumage and vocalizations.[8][7]
Description
[edit]White-browed bush robins display delayed plumage maturation—after becoming capable of breeding, first-year males (subadults) retain their juvenile plumage (similar to that of adult females) to avoid direct competition with older males.[9]
Behaviour
[edit]They perform altitudinal migration.[9] They are insectivores.[10]
References
[edit]- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Tarsiger indicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22709743A94221641. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22709743A94221641.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ Collar, Nigel (2020). "White-browed Bush-Robin (Tarsiger indicus)". In Del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David; De Juana, Eduardo (eds.). Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.wbbrob1.01. S2CID 216294797.
- ^ Vieillot, Louis Pierre (1817). Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc (in French). Vol. 11 (Nouvelle édition ed.). Paris: Deterville. p. 267.
- ^ Sonnerat, Pierre (1782). Voyage aux Indes orientales et à la Chine, fait par ordre du Roi, depuis 1774 jusqu'en 1782 (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Chez l'Auteur. p. 208.
- ^ Baker, E.C. Stuart (1921). "Hand-list of the "Birds of India" Part III". Journal Bombay Natural History Society. 27: 692-744 [714].
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, eds. (1964). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 49.
- ^ a b c Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Chats, Old World flycatchers". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
- ^ Wei, C.; Sangster, G.; Olsson, U.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Svensson, L.; Yao, C.-T.; Carey, G.J.; Leader, P.J.; Zhang, R.; Chen, G.; Song, G.; Lei, F.; Wilcove, D.S.; Alström, P.; Liu, Y. (2022). "Cryptic species in a colorful genus: Integrative taxonomy of the bush robins (Aves, Muscicapidae, Tarsiger) suggests two overlooked species". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 175: 107580. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107580.
- ^ a b DuBay, Shane G.; Wu, Yongjie; Scott, Graham R.; Qu, Yanhua; Liu, Qiao; Smith, Joel H.; Xin, Chao; Hart Reeve, Andrew; Juncheng, Chen; Meyer, Dylan; Wang, Jing; Johnson, Jacob; Cheviron, Zachary A.; Lei, Fumin; Bates, John (2020-03-26). "Life history predicts flight muscle phenotype and function in birds". Journal of Animal Ecology. 89 (5): 1262–1276. doi:10.1111/1365-2656.13190. hdl:2027.42/155496. ISSN 0021-8790.
- ^ Neupane, Juna, Laxman Khanal, and Mukesh Kumar Chalise. "Avian diversity in Kaligandaki River basin, Annapurna conservation area, Nepal." International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 46.2 (2020): 99-110.