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{{Short description|Soviet amphibious aircraft}}
{{refimprove|date=June 2009}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
{{Infobox aircraft
|name = VVA-14
|name = VVA-14
|image = File:Beriev VVA-14 in 2010.jpg
|image = File:Bartini_VVA-14.jpg
|caption = Survivor in dilapidated condition
|caption = Survivor in dilapidated condition (wings removed)
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
|type =Amphibious ASW aircraft
|type =Amphibious ASW aircraft
|national origin = Soviet Union
|national_origin = Soviet Union
|manufacturer = [[Beriev]]
|manufacturer = [[Beriev]]
|designer = [[Robert Bartini]]
|designer = [[Robert Bartini]]
|first flight = 4 September 1972
|first_flight = 4 September 1972
|introduced =
|introduction =
|retired =
|retired = 1987
|status =Retired
|status =Retired
|primary user =
|primary_user =
|more users =
|more_users =
|produced =
|produced =
|number built = 2 prototypes
|number_built = 2 prototypes
|variants with their own articles =
|variants =
}}
}}
|}


The '''Bartini Beriev VVA-14''' ''Vertikal`no-Vzletayuschaya Amphibia'' ([[VTOL|vertical take-off]] [[amphibious aircraft]]) was a [[Ground effect vehicle|wing-in-ground-effect aircraft]] developed in the Soviet Union during the 1970s.<ref>[https://hague6185.wordpress.com/tag/bartini-beriev-vva-14/ Russia’s Amphibious Aircraft: The Bartini Beriev VVA-14] ''hague6185.wordpress.com'', accessed 27 December 2018</ref> Designed to be able to take off from the water and fly at high speed over long distances, it was to make true flights at high altitude, but also have the capability of flying efficiently just above the sea surface, using aerodynamic [[Ground effect (aerodynamics)|ground effect]]. The VVA-14 was designed by Italian-born designer [[Robert Ludvigovich Bartini|Robert Bartini]] in answer to a perceived requirement to destroy [[United States Navy]] [[UGM-27 Polaris|Polaris missile]] submarines.
The '''Bartini Beriev VVA-14''' ''Vertikaľno-Vzletayushchaya Amfibiya'' ([[VTOL|vertical take-off]] [[amphibious aircraft]]) was a [[Ground effect vehicle|wing-in-ground-effect aircraft]] developed in the Soviet Union during the early 1970s.<ref>[https://hague6185.wordpress.com/tag/bartini-beriev-vva-14/ Russia's Amphibious Aircraft: The Bartini Beriev VVA-14] ''hague6185.wordpress.com'', accessed 27 December 2018</ref> Designed to be able to take off from the water and fly at high speed over long distances, it was to make true flights at high altitude, but also have the capability of flying efficiently just above the sea surface, using aerodynamic [[Ground effect (aerodynamics)|ground effect]]. The VVA-14 was designed by Hungarian-born designer [[Robert Ludvigovich Bartini|Robert Bartini]] in answer to a perceived requirement to destroy [[United States Navy]] [[UGM-27 Polaris|Polaris missile]] submarines. The final aircraft was retired in 1987.


==Development==
==Development==
Line 29: Line 27:


==Operational history==
==Operational history==
After extensive research, including the development of the small prototype [[Beriev Be-1|Be-1]] wing in ground effect aircraft, the first VVA-14 prototype was completed in 1972. Its first flight was from a conventional runway on 4 September 1972.
After extensive research, including the development of the small prototype [[Beriev Be-1|Be-1]] wing in ground effect aircraft, the first VVA-14 prototype was completed in 1972. Its first flight was from a conventional runway on 4 September 1972.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Dancey|first=Peter G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ji5DgAAQBAJ&q=Bartini+Beriev+VVA-14&pg=PT151|title=Soviet Aircraft Industry|date=2017-04-22|publisher=Fonthill Media|language=en}}</ref>


In 1974, the inflatable pontoons were installed, though their operation caused many problems. Flotation and water taxi tests followed, culminating in the start of flight testing of the amphibious aircraft on 11 June 1975.
In 1974, inflatable pontoons were installed, though their operation caused many problems. Flotation and water taxi tests followed, culminating in the start of flight testing of the amphibious aircraft on 11 June 1975.


The inflatable pontoons were later replaced by rigid pontoons, while the fuselage was lengthened and the starting engines added. This incarnation was given the designation '''14M1P'''. However, the bureau supplying the intended battery of 12 RD-36-35PR lift engines did not deliver, and this made VTOL testing impossible.<ref>*Komissarov, Sergey. “Russia's Ekranoplans”. Hinkley. Midland Publishing. 2002. {{ISBN|1-85780-146-6}}</ref>
The inflatable pontoons were later replaced by rigid pontoons, while the fuselage was lengthened and the starting engines added. This incarnation was given the designation '''14M1P'''. The bureau supplying the intended battery of 12 RD-36-35PR lift engines did not deliver, and this made VTOL testing impossible.<ref>*Komissarov, Sergey. “Russia's Ekranoplans”. Hinkley. Midland Publishing. 2002. {{ISBN|1-85780-146-6}}</ref>


After Bartini's death in 1974, the project slowed and eventually drew to a close, the aircraft having conducted 107 flights, with a total flight time of 103 hours. The only remaining VVA-14, No. 19172, was retired to the Soviet [[Central Air Force Museum]], Moscow in 1987. The aircraft still resides at the museum in a dismantled state, where it carries the designations "10687" and "Aeroflot".
After Bartini's death in 1974, the project slowed and eventually drew to a close,<ref name=":0" /> the aircraft having conducted 107 flights, with a total flight time of 103 hours. The only remaining VVA-14, No. 1972, was retired and sent to the Soviet [[Central Air Force Museum]] in 1987. As a result of accidents during shipping, the aircraft was damaged, which was not repaired afterwards. The aircraft still resides at the museum in a dismantled state, where it still carries the designations registration number ''10687'' and the [[Aeroflot]] marking still remains as of today.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jacopo Prisco|title=The Soviet flying beast that never really took off|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/vva-14-soviet-anti-submarine-aircraft/index.html|access-date=2021-08-26|website=CNN|date=26 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>


==Specifications (VVA-14M1)==
==Specifications (VVA-14M1)==

{{aerospecs
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=
|ref={{citation needed|date=November 2019}}
|met or eng?=met
|prime units?=met
<!--
General characteristics
-->
|crew=3
|crew=3
|capacity=
|length m=25.97
|length m=25.97
|length ft=85
|length note=
|length in=2
|span m=30
|span m=30
|span ft=98
|span note=
|span in=5
|swept m=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept ft=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept in=<!-- swing-wings -->
|rot number=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot dia m=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot dia ft=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot dia in=<!-- helicopters -->
|dia m=<!-- airships etc -->
|dia ft=<!-- airships etc -->
|dia in=<!-- airships etc -->
|width m=<!-- if applicable -->
|width ft=<!-- if applicable -->
|width in=<!-- if applicable -->
|height m=6.79
|height m=6.79
|height ft=22
|height note=
|height in=3
|wing area sqm=217.79
|wing area sqm=217.79
|wing area sqft=2344
|wing area note=
|swept area sqm=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept area sqft=<!-- swing-wings -->
|rot area sqm=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot area sqft=<!-- helicopters -->
|volume m3=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|volume ft3=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=23,236
|empty weight lb=51,119
|empty weight kg=23236
|gross weight kg=52,000
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=114,400
|gross weight kg=52000
|gross weight note=
|lift kg=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|max takeoff weight kg=
|lift lb=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|max takeoff weight note=
|eng1 number= '''(Cruise)''' 2
|fuel capacity=
|eng1 type=[[Soloviev D-30]]M [[turbofan]]s
|more general=
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
<!--
|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
Powerplant
|eng1 kn=67<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
-->
|eng1 lbf=15062<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng1 name=[[Soloviev D-30M]]
|eng1 type=[[turbofan]] engines
|eng2 number= '''(VTOL - not fitted)''' 12
|eng1 kn=67
|eng2 type=12 RD-36-35 PR lift turbofan engines
|eng1 note=(Cruise)
|eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines -->

|eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng2 number=12
|eng2 kn=43<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng2 name=[[Rybinsk RD-36-35PR]]
|eng2 lbf=9,666<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng2 type=[[turbofan]] lift engines
|eng2 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng2 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng2 kn=43
|eng2 note=(VTOL - not fitted)
<!--
Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=760
|max speed kmh=760
|max speed mph=472
|max speed note=
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=640
|cruise speed kmh=640
|cruise speed mph=398<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|range km=2,450
|never exceed speed note=
|range miles=1,522
|range km=2450
|endurance h=<!-- if range unknown -->
|range note=
|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown -->
|combat range km=
|ceiling m=8,000-10,000
|combat range note=
|ceiling ft=26,247-32,808
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=8000-10000
|ceiling note=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|armament1=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|armament2=
|wing loading note=
|armament3=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|armament4=
|power/mass=
|armament5=
|thrust/weight=
|armament6=
|more performance=

|avionics=
}}
}}


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|related=
|related=
*[[Beriev Be-1]]
*[[Beriev Be-1]]
*[[Beriev Be-2500]]
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
Line 130: Line 121:
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.testpilot.ru/russia/bartini/vva/vva_e.htm |title=Bartini VVA-14 Experimental VTOL-amphibian |publisher=www.testpilot.ru |accessdate=2008-05-28}}
* {{cite web |url=https://testpilot.ru/en/rossiya-e/bartini/vva/ |title=Bartini VVA-14 Experimental VTOL-amphibian |publisher=www.testpilot.ru |accessdate=2008-05-28}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.monino.com/avia/company/monino/e_monino/vva14.htm |title=Monino AF Museum |accessdate=2008-05-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503074703/http://www.monino.com/avia/company/monino/e_monino/vva14.htm |archivedate=2008-05-03 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.monino.com/avia/company/monino/e_monino/vva14.htm |title=Monino AF Museum |accessdate=2008-05-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503074703/http://www.monino.com/avia/company/monino/e_monino/vva14.htm |archivedate=2008-05-03 |url-status=dead }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
*Komissarov, Sergey. “Russia's Ekranoplans”. Hinkley. Midland Publishing. 2002. {{ISBN|1-85780-146-6}}
*Komissarov, Sergey. “Russia's Ekranoplans”. Hinkley. Midland Publishing. 2002. {{ISBN|1-85780-146-6}}
Line 137: Line 128:


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|CCCP-10687 (aircraft)}}
{{commons category}}
{{commons category|Bartini Beriev VVA-14}}
* [https://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=55.833497,38.180661&spn=0.001678,0.005563&t=h&z=18 VVA-14 on Google Maps]
* [https://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=55.833497,38.180661&spn=0.001678,0.005563&t=h&z=18 VVA-14 on Google Maps]


{{Beriev aircraft}}
{{Beriev aircraft}}
{{Bartini aircraft}}
{{USAF/DoD reporting names}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Bartini Beriev Vva-14}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bartini Beriev Vva-14}}
Line 150: Line 142:
[[Category:Bartini aircraft|VVA-14, Bartini Beriev]]
[[Category:Bartini aircraft|VVA-14, Bartini Beriev]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1972]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1972]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Fourteen-engined jet aircraft]]
[[Category:Twin-fuselage aircraft]]
[[Category:Amphibious aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]

Latest revision as of 03:27, 10 December 2024

VVA-14
Survivor in dilapidated condition (wings removed)
General information
TypeAmphibious ASW aircraft
National originSoviet Union
ManufacturerBeriev
Designer
StatusRetired
Number built2 prototypes
History
First flight4 September 1972
Retired1987

The Bartini Beriev VVA-14 Vertikaľno-Vzletayushchaya Amfibiya (vertical take-off amphibious aircraft) was a wing-in-ground-effect aircraft developed in the Soviet Union during the early 1970s.[1] Designed to be able to take off from the water and fly at high speed over long distances, it was to make true flights at high altitude, but also have the capability of flying efficiently just above the sea surface, using aerodynamic ground effect. The VVA-14 was designed by Hungarian-born designer Robert Bartini in answer to a perceived requirement to destroy United States Navy Polaris missile submarines. The final aircraft was retired in 1987.

Development

[edit]

Bartini, in collaboration with the Beriev Design Bureau intended to develop the prototype VVA-14 in three phases. The VVA-14M1 was to be an aerodynamics and technology testbed, initially with rigid pontoons on the ends of the central wing section, and later with these replaced by inflatable pontoons. The VVA-14M2 was to be more advanced, with two starting engines to blast into the cavity under the wing to give lift and later with a battery of lift engines to give VTOL capability, and with fly-by-wire flight controls. The VVA-14M3 would see the VTOL vehicle fully equipped with armament and with the Burevestnik computerised anti-submarine warfare (ASW) system, Bor-1 magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) and other operational equipment.

Operational history

[edit]

After extensive research, including the development of the small prototype Be-1 wing in ground effect aircraft, the first VVA-14 prototype was completed in 1972. Its first flight was from a conventional runway on 4 September 1972.[2]

In 1974, inflatable pontoons were installed, though their operation caused many problems. Flotation and water taxi tests followed, culminating in the start of flight testing of the amphibious aircraft on 11 June 1975.

The inflatable pontoons were later replaced by rigid pontoons, while the fuselage was lengthened and the starting engines added. This incarnation was given the designation 14M1P. The bureau supplying the intended battery of 12 RD-36-35PR lift engines did not deliver, and this made VTOL testing impossible.[3]

After Bartini's death in 1974, the project slowed and eventually drew to a close,[2] the aircraft having conducted 107 flights, with a total flight time of 103 hours. The only remaining VVA-14, No. 1972, was retired and sent to the Soviet Central Air Force Museum in 1987. As a result of accidents during shipping, the aircraft was damaged, which was not repaired afterwards. The aircraft still resides at the museum in a dismantled state, where it still carries the designations registration number 10687 and the Aeroflot marking still remains as of today.[4]

Specifications (VVA-14M1)

[edit]

Data from [citation needed]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 3
  • Length: 25.97 m (85 ft 2 in)
  • Wingspan: 30 m (98 ft 5 in)
  • Height: 6.79 m (22 ft 3 in)
  • Wing area: 217.79 m2 (2,344.3 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 23,236 kg (51,227 lb)
  • Gross weight: 52,000 kg (114,640 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Soloviev D-30M turbofan engines, 67 kN (15,000 lbf) thrust each (Cruise)
  • Powerplant: 12 × Rybinsk RD-36-35PR turbofan lift engines, 43 kN (9,700 lbf) thrust each (VTOL - not fitted)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 760 km/h (470 mph, 410 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 640 km/h (400 mph, 350 kn)
  • Range: 2,450 km (1,520 mi, 1,320 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 8,000–10,000 m (26,000–33,000 ft)

See also

[edit]

Related development

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Russia's Amphibious Aircraft: The Bartini Beriev VVA-14 hague6185.wordpress.com, accessed 27 December 2018
  2. ^ a b Dancey, Peter G. (22 April 2017). Soviet Aircraft Industry. Fonthill Media.
  3. ^ *Komissarov, Sergey. “Russia's Ekranoplans”. Hinkley. Midland Publishing. 2002. ISBN 1-85780-146-6
  4. ^ Jacopo Prisco (26 January 2021). "The Soviet flying beast that never really took off". CNN. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  • Komissarov, Sergey. “Russia's Ekranoplans”. Hinkley. Midland Publishing. 2002. ISBN 1-85780-146-6
  • Komissarov, Sergey and Yefim Gordon. Soviet and Russian Ekranoplans. Hersham, UK: Ian Allan Publishing, 2010. ISBN 978-1-85780-332-7.
[edit]
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