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{{Short description|British princess (1713–1757)}}
{{Other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Princess Caroline
| name = Princess Caroline
| image = Princess Caroline Elizabeth (1713-1757), by Jacopo Amigoni.jpg
| image = Princess Caroline Elizabeth (1713-1757), by Jacopo Amigoni.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Jacopo Amigoni]]
| caption = Portrait by [[Jacopo Amigoni]], {{circa|1730s}}
| full name = Caroline Elizabeth
| house = [[House of Hanover|Hanover]]
| house = [[House of Hanover|Hanover]]
| father = [[George II of Great Britain]]
| father = [[George II of Great Britain]]
Line 14: Line 16:
| burial_place = [[Westminster Abbey]], [[London]]
| burial_place = [[Westminster Abbey]], [[London]]
}}
}}
'''Princess Caroline of Great Britain''' (Caroline Elizabeth; 10 June 1713 – 28 December 1757) was the fourth child and third daughter of King [[George II of Great Britain]] and his wife [[Caroline of Ansbach]].
'''Princess Caroline Elizabeth of Great Britain''' (10 June 1713 – 28 December 1757) was the fourth child and third daughter of King [[George II of Great Britain]] and his wife [[Caroline of Ansbach]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
[[File:Princesses Anne, Amelia and Caroline - Maingaud 1721.jpg|left|thumb|182x182px|Sisters [[Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange|Anne]], [[Princess Amelia of Great Britain|Amelia]] and Caroline, by [[Martin Maingaud]], 1721]]
Princess Caroline{{efn|''The London Gazette'' (i.e. those on<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=9752 |date=27 December 1757}}</ref> and after<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=9753 |date=31 December 1757}}</ref> her death) refers to her as only Princess Caroline}} was born at [[Herrenhausen Palace]] in [[Hanover]], [[Germany]], on 10 June 1713 ([[Old Style and New Style dates|New Style]] [[Gregorian calendar]]). Her father was [[George II of Great Britain|George Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Hanover]], the eldest son of [[George I of Great Britain|George Louis, Elector of Hanover]]. Her mother was [[Caroline of Ansbach]], daughter of [[Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach]].<ref name="Lodge1838">{{cite book|last=Lodge|first=Edmund|title=The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage: With Sketches of the Family Histories of the Nobility|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VYcUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5|accessdate=9 June 2018|year=1838|publisher=Saunders and Otley|page=5}}</ref> As a granddaughter of the Elector of Hanover, she was styled Princess Caroline of Hanover at birth. Under the [[Act of Settlement 1701]], she was seventh in the [[line of succession to the British throne]]. She was baptised the day after her birth at Herrenhausen Palace.<ref>[http://users.uniserve.com/~canyon/christenings.htm#Christenings Yvonne's Royalty Home Page: Royal Christenings]</ref>
Princess Caroline{{efn|''The London Gazette'' (i.e. those on<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=9752 |date=27 December 1757}}</ref> and after<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=9753 |date=31 December 1757}}</ref> her death) refers to her as only Princess Caroline}} was born at [[Herrenhausen Palace]] in [[Hanover]], [[Germany]], on 10 June 1713 ([[Old Style and New Style dates|New Style]] [[Gregorian calendar]]). Her father was [[George II of Great Britain|George Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Hanover]], the eldest son of [[George I of Great Britain|George Louis, Elector of Hanover]]. Her mother was [[Caroline of Ansbach]], daughter of [[Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach]].<ref name="Lodge1838">{{cite book|last=Lodge|first=Edmund|title=The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage: With Sketches of the Family Histories of the Nobility|url=https://archive.org/details/genealogyofexist01lodg|access-date=9 June 2018|year=1838|publisher=Saunders and Otley|page=[https://archive.org/details/genealogyofexist01lodg/page/5 5]}}</ref> As a granddaughter of the Elector of Hanover, she was styled Princess Caroline of Hanover at birth. Under the [[Act of Settlement 1701]], she was seventh in the [[line of succession to the British throne]]. She was baptised the day after her birth at Herrenhausen Palace.{{CN|date=May 2024}}


==Great Britain==
==Great Britain==
In 1714, [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] died, and Caroline's grandfather became George I and her father [[Prince of Wales]]. At the age of one year, Caroline accompanied her mother and elder sisters, the Princesses [[Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange|Anne]] and [[Princess Amelia of Great Britain|Amelia]], to [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]], and the family resided at [[St James's Palace]], [[London]]. She was then styled as a [[British princess|Princess of Great Britain]]. A newly attributed list from January–February 1728 documents her personal expenses, including charitable contributions to several Protestant groups in London.<ref>Ilias Chrissochoidis, [https://www.academia.edu/842187/ "Princess Carolina's list of monthly expenses, January–February 1727/8,"] ''Notes & Queries'' 58/3 (September 2011), 401–403.</ref>
In 1714, [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] died and Caroline's grandfather became George I and her father [[Prince of Wales]]. At the age of one year, Caroline accompanied her mother and elder sisters, the Princesses [[Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange|Anne]] and [[Princess Amelia of Great Britain|Amelia]], to [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]], and the family resided at [[St James's Palace]], [[London]]. She was then styled as a [[British princess|Princess of Great Britain]]. A newly attributed list from January–February 1728 documents her personal expenses, including charitable contributions to several Protestant groups in London.<ref>Ilias Chrissochoidis, [https://www.academia.edu/842187/ "Princess Carolina's list of monthly expenses, January–February 1727/8,"] ''Notes & Queries'' 58/3 (September 2011), 401–403.</ref>


In 1722, at the direction of her mother, she was inoculated against [[smallpox]] by [[variolation]], an early type of [[immunisation]] popularised by [[Lady Mary Wortley Montagu]] and [[Charles Maitland (physician)|Charles Maitland]].<ref>Van der Kiste, p. 83</ref>
In 1722, at the direction of her mother, she was inoculated against [[smallpox]] by [[variolation]], an early type of [[immunisation]] popularised by [[Lady Mary Wortley Montagu]] and [[Charles Maitland (physician)|Charles Maitland]].<ref>Van der Kiste, p. 83</ref>


Princess Caroline was her mother's favourite,<ref>Van der Kiste, p. 163</ref> and became known as "the truth-telling Caroline Elizabeth" (or "the truth-loving").<ref>''Lives of the Princesses of Wales'', page 160</ref> When any disagreement took place among the royal children, her parents would say, "Send for Caroline, and then we shall know the truth!"<ref name=hall>''The royal princesses of England: from the reign of the George the First'' by Mrs. Matthew Hall, pages 114-125</ref> According to Dr. [[John Doran (writer)|John Doran]], "The truth-loving Caroline Elizabeth was unreservedly beloved by her parents, was worthy of the affection, and repaid it by an ardent attachment. She was fair, good, accomplished, and unhappy."{{cn|date=June 2018}}
Princess Caroline was her mother's favourite,<ref>Van der Kiste, p. 163</ref> and became known as "the truth-telling Caroline Elizabeth" (or "the truth-loving").<ref>''Lives of the Princesses of Wales'', page 160</ref> When any disagreement took place among the royal children, her parents would say, "Send for Caroline, and then we shall know the truth!"<ref name=hall>''The royal princesses of England: from the reign of the George the First'' by Mrs. Matthew Hall, pages 114-125</ref> According to Dr. [[John Doran (writer)|John Doran]], "The truth-loving Caroline Elizabeth was unreservedly beloved by her parents, was worthy of the affection, and repaid it by an ardent attachment. She was fair, good, accomplished and unhappy."{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}


==Later life==
==Later life==
[[Image:John Hervey, Baron Hervey of Ickworth by Jean Baptiste van Loo detail.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Lord Hervey]]
[[Image:John Hervey, Baron Hervey of Ickworth by Jean Baptiste van Loo detail.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Lord Hervey]]
According to popular belief, Caroline's unhappiness was due to her love for the married courtier [[John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey|Lord Hervey]]. Hervey, who was bisexual, may have had an affair with Caroline's elder brother, [[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Frederick]], and was romantically linked with several ladies of the court as well.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} When Hervey died in 1743, Caroline retired to [[St. James's Palace]] for many years prior to her own death, accessible to only her family and closest friends.<ref name=vdk197>Van der Kiste, p. 197</ref> She gave generously to charity.<ref name=vdk197/>
According to popular belief, Caroline's unhappiness was due to her love for the married courtier [[John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey|Lord Hervey]]. Hervey, who was bisexual, may have had an affair with Caroline's elder brother, [[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Frederick]], and was romantically linked with several ladies of the court, including Frederick's then mistress [[Anne Vane]], as well. <ref>Van der Kiste, p. 115</ref>
When Hervey died in 1743, Caroline retired to [[St. James's Palace]] for many years prior to her own death, accessible to only her family and closest friends.<ref name=vdk197>Van der Kiste, p. 197</ref> She gave generously to charity.<ref name=vdk197/>


Princess Caroline died, unmarried and childless, on 28 December 1757, aged 44, at [[St James's Palace]]. She was buried at [[Westminster Abbey]].{{cn|date=June 2018}}
Princess Caroline died, unmarried and childless, on 28 December 1757, aged 44, at [[St James's Palace]]. She was buried at [[Westminster Abbey]].{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}


[[Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford|Horace Walpole]], of the death of Princess Caroline, wrote: "Though her state of health had been so dangerous for years, and her absolute confinement for many of them, her disorder was, in a manner, new and sudden, and her death unexpected by herself, though earnestly her wish. Her goodness was constant and uniform, her generosity immense, her charities most extensive; in short, I, no royalist, could be lavish in her praise."<ref name=gland>{{cite book|last=Gland|first=N|title=The royal princesses of England, from the reign of George the First|year=1871|publisher=GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SON|url=http://www26.us.archive.org/stream/royalprincesseso00halluoft/royalprincesseso00halluoft_djvu.txt|page=123}}</ref>
[[Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford|Horace Walpole]], of the death of Princess Caroline, wrote: "Though her state of health had been so dangerous for years, and her absolute confinement for many of them, her disorder was, in a manner, new and sudden, and her death unexpected by herself, though earnestly her wish. Her goodness was constant and uniform, her generosity immense, her charities most extensive; in short, I, no royalist, could be lavish in her praise."<ref name=gland>{{cite book|last=Gland|first=N|title=The royal princesses of England, from the reign of George the First|year=1871|publisher=GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SON|url=http://www26.us.archive.org/stream/royalprincesseso00halluoft/royalprincesseso00halluoft_djvu.txt|page=123}}</ref>
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|1= 1. '''Princess Caroline of Great Britain'''
|1= 1. '''Princess Caroline of Great Britain'''
|2= 2. [[George II of Great Britain]]
|2= 2. [[George II of Great Britain]]
|3= 3. [[Caroline of Ansbach|Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]
|3= 3. [[Caroline of Ansbach|Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]
|4= 4. [[George I of Great Britain]]<ref name="Weir">[[Alison Weir|Weir, Alison]] (1996) ''Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy''. London: Random House. {{ISBN|0-7126-7448-9}}, pp. 272–275</ref>
|4= 4. [[George I of Great Britain]]<ref name="Weir">[[Alison Weir|Weir, Alison]] (1996) ''Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy''. London: Random House. {{ISBN|0-7126-7448-9}}, pp. 272–275</ref>
|5= 5. [[Sophia Dorothea of Celle|Duchess Sophia Dorothea of Celle]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|5= 5. [[Sophia Dorothea of Celle|Duchess Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Celle]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|6= 6. [[Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach|John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<ref>{{NDB|10|476|476|Johann Friedrich|Otto Veh}}; ([https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz39430.html#ndbcontent full text online])</ref>
|6= 6. [[John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<ref>{{NDB|10|476|476|Johann Friedrich|Otto Veh}}; ([https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz39430.html#ndbcontent full text online])</ref>
|7= 7. [[Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach]]<ref>Weir (1996), pp. 277–278</ref>
|7= 7. [[Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach]]<ref>Weir (1996), pp. 277–278</ref>
|8= 8. [[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|8= 8. [[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|9= 9. [[Sophia of Hanover|Sophia, Princess Palatine of the Rhine]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|9= 9. [[Sophia of Hanover|Princess Sophia of the Palatinate]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|10= 10. [[George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|10= 10. [[George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|11= 11. [[Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|11= 11. [[Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|12= 12. [[Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<ref name="NDB-Albrecht V">{{NDB|1|163|163|Albrecht V.|Hanns Hubert Hofmann|118883976}}</ref>
|12= 12. [[Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<ref name="NDB-Albrecht V">{{NDB|1|163|163|Albrecht V.|Hanns Hubert Hofmann|118883976}}</ref>
|13= 13. Princess Sophia Margaret of Oettingen-Oettingen<ref name="NDB-Albrecht V"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Oettingen, Joachim Ernest |website=Personendatenbank der Höflinge der österreichischen Habsburger |editor1-first=Mark |editor1-last=Hengerer |editor2-first=Gerhard |editor2-last=Schön |url=http://kaiserhof.geschichte.lmu.de/15807 |publisher=[[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]] |language=de |access-date=2018-06-08 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|13= 13. [[Sophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen|Countess Sophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen]]<ref name="NDB-Albrecht V"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Oettingen, Joachim Ernest |website=Personendatenbank der Höflinge der österreichischen Habsburger |editor1-first=Mark |editor1-last=Hengerer |editor2-first=Gerhard |editor2-last=Schön |url=http://kaiserhof.geschichte.lmu.de/15807 |publisher=[[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]] |language=de |access-date=2018-06-08 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|14= 14. [[John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach]]<ref name="ADB-Johann Georg I">{{cite ADB|14|365|366|Johann Georg I. (Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach)|[[Ernst Wülcker]] |ADB:Johann Georg I. (Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach)}}</ref>
|14= 14. [[John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach]]<ref name="ADB-Johann Georg I">{{cite ADB|14|365|366|Johann Georg I. (Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach)|[[Ernst Wülcker]] |ADB:Johann Georg I. (Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach)}}</ref>
|15= 15. [[Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein (1632–1701)|Countess Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein]]<ref name="Sayn">{{cite book |last=Sayn |first=Hildegard |chapter=Louise Juliane von Sayn |title=Lebensbilder aus dem Kreise Altenkirchen |publisher= Heimatverein für den Kreis Altenkirchen |location=Altenkrichen |year=1979 |pages=83–85}}</ref>
|15= 15. [[Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein (1632–1701)|Johannetta, Countess of Sayn-Altenkirchen]]<ref name="Sayn">{{cite book |last=Sayn |first=Hildegard |chapter=Louise Juliane von Sayn |title=Lebensbilder aus dem Kreise Altenkirchen |publisher= Heimatverein für den Kreis Altenkirchen |location=Altenkrichen |year=1979 |pages=83–85}}</ref>
|16= 16. [[George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|17= 17. [[Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|18= 18. [[Frederick V, Elector Palatine]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|19= 19. [[Elizabeth of Bohemia|Princess Elizabeth Stuart of Scotland]]<ref name="Weir"/>
|20= 20. [[George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (= 16)<ref name="Weir"/>
|21= 21. [[Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt]] (= 17)<ref name="Weir"/>
|22= 22. Alexander II d'Olbreuse<ref name="Weir"/>
|23= 23. Jacquette Poussard de Vendre<ref name="Weir"/>
|24= 24. [[Joachim Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<ref name="NDB-Albrecht V"/>
|25= 25. Countess [[Sophie of Solms-Laubach]]<ref name="NDB-Albrecht V"/>
|26= 26. Joachim Ernst, Count of Oettingen<ref name="DB-Öttingen">{{cite web |title=Joachim Ernst, Öttingen, Graf |website=Deutsche Biographie |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd128469536.html |language=de |access-date=2018-06-08 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|27= 27. Anna Dorothea of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein<ref name="DB-Öttingen"/>
|28= 28. [[Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar|William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar]]<ref name="ADB-Johann Georg I"/>
|29= 29. Princess Eleonore Sophie of Anhalt<ref name="ADB-Johann Georg I"/>
|30= 30. Ernest of Sayn-Wittgenstein<ref name="Sayn"/>
|31= 31. [[Louise Juliane of Erbach|Countess Louise Juliane of Erbach]]<ref name="Sayn"/>
}}
}}


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===Sources===
===Sources===
* {{Cite book|last=Van der Kiste |first=John |authorlink=John Van der Kiste |title=George II and Queen Caroline |year=1997 |location=Stroud, Gloucestershire |publisher=Sutton Publishing |isbn=0-7509-1321-5}}
* {{Cite book|last=Van der Kiste |first=John |author-link=John Van der Kiste |title=George II and Queen Caroline |year=1997 |location=Stroud, Gloucestershire |publisher=Sutton Publishing |isbn=0-7509-1321-5}}

==External links==
* {{NPG name|name=Princess Caroline}}


{{British princesses}}
{{British princesses}}
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[[Category:18th-century British women]]
[[Category:18th-century British women]]
[[Category:British princesses]]
[[Category:British princesses]]
[[Category:People from Hanover]]
[[Category:Nobility from Hanover]]
[[Category:House of Hanover]]
[[Category:House of Hanover]]
[[Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey]]
[[Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey]]
[[Category:German people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:German people of Scottish descent]]
[[Category:Children of George II of Great Britain]]
[[Category:British people of German descent]]
[[Category:Daughters of kings]]
[[Category:Daughters of prince-electors]]

Latest revision as of 04:07, 10 December 2024

For other people named Princess Caroline of Great Britain, see Princess Caroline of Great Britain (disambiguation).

Princess Caroline
Portrait by Jacopo Amigoni, c. 1730s
Born(1713-06-10)10 June 1713 (New Style)
Herrenhausen Palace, Hanover
Died28 December 1757(1757-12-28) (aged 44)
St James's Palace, London
Burial5 January 1758
Westminster Abbey, London
HouseHanover
FatherGeorge II of Great Britain
MotherCaroline of Ansbach

Princess Caroline Elizabeth of Great Britain (10 June 1713 – 28 December 1757) was the fourth child and third daughter of King George II of Great Britain and his wife Caroline of Ansbach.

Early life

[edit]
Sisters Anne, Amelia and Caroline, by Martin Maingaud, 1721

Princess Caroline[a] was born at Herrenhausen Palace in Hanover, Germany, on 10 June 1713 (New Style Gregorian calendar). Her father was George Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Hanover, the eldest son of George Louis, Elector of Hanover. Her mother was Caroline of Ansbach, daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.[3] As a granddaughter of the Elector of Hanover, she was styled Princess Caroline of Hanover at birth. Under the Act of Settlement 1701, she was seventh in the line of succession to the British throne. She was baptised the day after her birth at Herrenhausen Palace.[citation needed]

Great Britain

[edit]

In 1714, Queen Anne died and Caroline's grandfather became George I and her father Prince of Wales. At the age of one year, Caroline accompanied her mother and elder sisters, the Princesses Anne and Amelia, to Great Britain, and the family resided at St James's Palace, London. She was then styled as a Princess of Great Britain. A newly attributed list from January–February 1728 documents her personal expenses, including charitable contributions to several Protestant groups in London.[4]

In 1722, at the direction of her mother, she was inoculated against smallpox by variolation, an early type of immunisation popularised by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Charles Maitland.[5]

Princess Caroline was her mother's favourite,[6] and became known as "the truth-telling Caroline Elizabeth" (or "the truth-loving").[7] When any disagreement took place among the royal children, her parents would say, "Send for Caroline, and then we shall know the truth!"[8] According to Dr. John Doran, "The truth-loving Caroline Elizabeth was unreservedly beloved by her parents, was worthy of the affection, and repaid it by an ardent attachment. She was fair, good, accomplished and unhappy."[citation needed]

Later life

[edit]
Lord Hervey

According to popular belief, Caroline's unhappiness was due to her love for the married courtier Lord Hervey. Hervey, who was bisexual, may have had an affair with Caroline's elder brother, Prince Frederick, and was romantically linked with several ladies of the court, including Frederick's then mistress Anne Vane, as well. [9] When Hervey died in 1743, Caroline retired to St. James's Palace for many years prior to her own death, accessible to only her family and closest friends.[10] She gave generously to charity.[10]

Princess Caroline died, unmarried and childless, on 28 December 1757, aged 44, at St James's Palace. She was buried at Westminster Abbey.[citation needed]

Horace Walpole, of the death of Princess Caroline, wrote: "Though her state of health had been so dangerous for years, and her absolute confinement for many of them, her disorder was, in a manner, new and sudden, and her death unexpected by herself, though earnestly her wish. Her goodness was constant and uniform, her generosity immense, her charities most extensive; in short, I, no royalist, could be lavish in her praise."[11]

Arms

[edit]

On 31 January 1719, as a grandchild of the sovereign, Caroline was granted use of the arms of the realm, differenced by a label argent of five points, each bearing three roses gules. On 30 August 1727, as a child of the sovereign, Caroline's difference changed to a label argent of three points, each bearing three roses gules.[12]

  • Coat of Arms from 30 August 1727
    Coat of Arms from 30 August 1727

Ancestors

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The London Gazette (i.e. those on[1] and after[2] her death) refers to her as only Princess Caroline

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "No. 9752". The London Gazette. 27 December 1757.
  2. ^ "No. 9753". The London Gazette. 31 December 1757.
  3. ^ Lodge, Edmund (1838). The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage: With Sketches of the Family Histories of the Nobility. Saunders and Otley. p. 5. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
  4. ^ Ilias Chrissochoidis, "Princess Carolina's list of monthly expenses, January–February 1727/8," Notes & Queries 58/3 (September 2011), 401–403.
  5. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 83
  6. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 163
  7. ^ Lives of the Princesses of Wales, page 160
  8. ^ The royal princesses of England: from the reign of the George the First by Mrs. Matthew Hall, pages 114-125
  9. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 115
  10. ^ a b Van der Kiste, p. 197
  11. ^ Gland, N (1871). The royal princesses of England, from the reign of George the First. GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SON. p. 123.
  12. ^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family
  13. ^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 55.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Weir, Alison (1996) Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. London: Random House. ISBN 0-7126-7448-9, pp. 272–275
  15. ^ Otto Veh (1974), "Johann Friedrich", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 10, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 476–476; (full text online)
  16. ^ Weir (1996), pp. 277–278
  17. ^ a b Hanns Hubert Hofmann (1953), "Albrecht V.", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 163–163; (full text online)
  18. ^ Hengerer, Mark; Schön, Gerhard (eds.). "Oettingen, Joachim Ernest". Personendatenbank der Höflinge der österreichischen Habsburger (in German). Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
  19. ^ Ernst Wülcker (1881), "Johann Georg I. (Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach)", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 14, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 365–366
  20. ^ Sayn, Hildegard (1979). "Louise Juliane von Sayn". Lebensbilder aus dem Kreise Altenkirchen. Altenkrichen: Heimatverein für den Kreis Altenkirchen. pp. 83–85.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
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