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The source says the foundation was set up to raise money to create the memorial.
 
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{{Short description|American organization}}
{{Short description|American anti-communist organization}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
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The '''Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation''' ('''VOC''') is a [[Non-profit organization|non-profit]] [[anti-communist]] organization in the [[United States]], authorized by a unanimous [[Act of Congress]] in 1993 for the purpose of "educating Americans about the ideology, history and legacy of [[communism]]."<ref name=ATL>{{cite news | last=Rauch | first=Jonathan | work=[[The Atlantic]] | date=December 2003 | title=The Forgotten Millions | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200312/rauch | access-date=November 4, 2009 | archive-date=October 11, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011234624/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200312/rauch | url-status=live }}</ref>
The '''Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation''' ('''VOC''') is a [[Non-profit organization|non-profit]] [[anti-communist]] organization in the [[United States]], set up by an [[Act of Congress]] in 1993 to raise money to create "a national memorial to honor the victims of communism".<ref name=ATL>{{cite news | last=Rauch | first=Jonathan | work=[[The Atlantic]] | date=December 2003 | title=The Forgotten Millions | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200312/rauch | access-date=November 4, 2009 | archive-date=October 11, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011234624/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200312/rauch | url-status=live }}</ref>


The organization was responsible for building the [[Victims of Communism Memorial]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] It is a member of the [[European Union]]'s [[Platform of European Memory and Conscience]].
The organization was responsible for building the [[Victims of Communism Memorial]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] It is a member of the [[European Union]]'s [[Platform of European Memory and Conscience]].
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In 1993, Rohrabacher and fellow Republican Senator [[Jesse Helms]] sponsored [[Amend (motion)|amendments]] to the [[FRIENDSHIP Act of 1993]] which authorized such construction.<ref>{{cite news | work=The New York Times | title=U.S. Laws Catch Up to the New Russia | date=November 29, 1993 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/29/us/us-laws-catch-up-to-the-new-russia.html | access-date=November 5, 2009 | archive-date=May 26, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526095014/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/29/us/us-laws-catch-up-to-the-new-russia.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The act was signed into law by [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Bill Clinton]] on December 17, 1993.<ref>{{cite web | title=Bill Summary and Status | publisher=Library of Congress | url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d103:h.r.03000: | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731204215/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d103:h.r.03000: | url-status=dead | archive-date=July 31, 2012 | access-date=November 5, 2009 | date=December 17, 1993 }}</ref> It cited "the deaths of over 100,000,000 victims in an unprecedented imperial holocaust" and resolved that "the sacrifices of these victims should be permanently memorialized so that never again will nations and peoples allow so evil a tyranny to terrorize the world."<ref name=ATL/>
In 1993, Rohrabacher and fellow Republican Senator [[Jesse Helms]] sponsored [[Amend (motion)|amendments]] to the [[FRIENDSHIP Act of 1993]] which authorized such construction.<ref>{{cite news | work=The New York Times | title=U.S. Laws Catch Up to the New Russia | date=November 29, 1993 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/29/us/us-laws-catch-up-to-the-new-russia.html | access-date=November 5, 2009 | archive-date=May 26, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526095014/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/29/us/us-laws-catch-up-to-the-new-russia.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The act was signed into law by [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Bill Clinton]] on December 17, 1993.<ref>{{cite web | title=Bill Summary and Status | publisher=Library of Congress | url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d103:h.r.03000: | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731204215/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d103:h.r.03000: | url-status=dead | archive-date=July 31, 2012 | access-date=November 5, 2009 | date=December 17, 1993 }}</ref> It cited "the deaths of over 100,000,000 victims in an unprecedented imperial holocaust" and resolved that "the sacrifices of these victims should be permanently memorialized so that never again will nations and peoples allow so evil a tyranny to terrorize the world."<ref name=ATL/>


According to Title IX, Section 905 of Public Law 103–199, an independent organization was to be established to construct, maintain, and operate the [[Victims of Communism Memorial]] in Washington, D.C., as well as to collect the contributions for the establishment of the memorial and to encourage the participation of all groups suffered under [[Communist regime]]s.<ref name=s905>{{cite web |url=http://www.mega.nu/ampp/pl103-199.html |title=Public Law 103-199 |publisher=United States Congress|access-date=November 3, 2009 |archive-date=June 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614061958/http://www.mega.nu/ampp/pl103-199.html |url-status=live|via=Mega.nu}}</ref> In 2007, the foundation completed the Victims of Communism Memorial, which was dedicated by Republican President [[George W. Bush]].<ref name="reuters">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-communism-idUSPEK20924820070614|title=China Blasts Bush Tribute to Victims of Communism|publisher=Reuters|date=June 13, 2007|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=March 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306065609/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-communism-idUSPEK20924820070614|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, the foundation released a list of 51 [[prisoners of conscience]] in Cuba just before Democratic President [[Barack Obama]] visit and meeting with Cuban leader [[Raúl Castro]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/4266636/cuba-political-prisoners-castro/|title=Advocates List Cuba's Political Prisoners After Castro Says There Are None|magazine=Time|first=Maya|last=Rhodan|date=March 21, 2016|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=May 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517134548/http://time.com/4266636/cuba-political-prisoners-castro/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, the organization released a report alleging [[Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China|organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners]] and [[Uyghur genocide|Uyghurs]] in China.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lipes|first=Joshua|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/organs-03122020163712.html|title=Uyghur, Falun Gong Detainees Likely Source for China's Organ Market: Report|date=March 12, 2020|agency=[[Radio Free Asia]]|access-date=March 16, 2020|archive-date=March 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316004043/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/organs-03122020163712.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
According to Title IX, Section 905 of Public Law 103–199, an independent organization was to be established to construct, maintain, and operate the [[Victims of Communism Memorial]] in Washington, D.C., as well as to collect the contributions for the establishment of the memorial and to encourage the participation of all groups suffered under [[Communist regime]]s.<ref name=s905>{{cite web |url=http://www.mega.nu/ampp/pl103-199.html |title=Public Law 103-199 |publisher=United States Congress|access-date=November 3, 2009 |archive-date=June 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614061958/http://www.mega.nu/ampp/pl103-199.html |url-status=live|via=Mega.nu}}</ref> In 2007, the foundation completed the Victims of Communism Memorial, which was dedicated by Republican President [[George W. Bush]].<ref name="reuters">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-communism-idUSPEK20924820070614|title=China Blasts Bush Tribute to Victims of Communism|publisher=Reuters|date=June 13, 2007|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=March 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306065609/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-communism-idUSPEK20924820070614|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, the foundation released a list of 51 [[prisoners of conscience]] in Cuba just before Democratic President [[Barack Obama]] visit and meeting with Cuban leader [[Raúl Castro]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/4266636/cuba-political-prisoners-castro/|title=Advocates List Cuba's Political Prisoners After Castro Says There Are None|magazine=Time|first=Maya|last=Rhodan|date=March 21, 2016|access-date=May 18, 2016|archive-date=May 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517134548/http://time.com/4266636/cuba-political-prisoners-castro/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, the organization released a report alleging [[Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China|organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners]] and [[Persecution of Uyghurs in China|Uyghurs]] in China.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lipes|first=Joshua|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/organs-03122020163712.html|title=Uyghur, Falun Gong Detainees Likely Source for China's Organ Market: Report|date=March 12, 2020|agency=[[Radio Free Asia]]|access-date=March 16, 2020|archive-date=March 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316004043/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/organs-03122020163712.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


==Programs==
==Programs==
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===Museum===
===Museum===
The foundation opened a museum in Washington, D.C, two blocks from the White House in June 2022, featuring three permanent galleries and a temporary gallery focused on the victims of communism. In the Washington Post, columnist George F. Will wrote that “Visitors to the museum will experience a wholesome immersion in the nation’s anti-communist success. And they will be reminded that this work is unfinished."<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | last=George| first=Will| title=D.C.'s new Victims of Communism Museum tells a vital, unfinished tale | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/08/24/victims-communism-museum-dc/ | date=August 24, 2022| access-date=August 13, 2023 }}</ref>
The foundation opened a museum at 900 15th St NW two blocks from the [[White House]] in June 2022. It is across the street from [[McPherson Square]] Park and [[McPherson Square Station|McPherson Metro Station]] The grand opening featured three permanent galleries and a temporary gallery focused on the victims of communism. In the Washington Post, columnist George F. Will wrote that “Visitors to the museum will experience a wholesome immersion in the nation’s anti-communist success. And they will be reminded that this work is unfinished".<ref>{{cite news | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | last=George| first=Will| title=D.C.'s new Victims of Communism Museum tells a vital, unfinished tale | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/08/24/victims-communism-museum-dc/ | date=August 24, 2022| access-date=August 13, 2023 }}</ref>


===Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom===
===Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom===

Latest revision as of 06:13, 10 December 2024

Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation
Founded1994
Founders
TypeNon-profit
52-1920858
FocusAnti-communism
Location
Key people
  • Elizabeth Spalding, Chairman[2]
Websitevictimsofcommunism.org

The Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation (VOC) is a non-profit anti-communist organization in the United States, set up by an Act of Congress in 1993 to raise money to create "a national memorial to honor the victims of communism".[3]

The organization was responsible for building the Victims of Communism Memorial in Washington, D.C. It is a member of the European Union's Platform of European Memory and Conscience.

History

[edit]
The Victims of Communism Memorial is a recreation of the Goddess of Democracy, which was destroyed by the government of China in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre

In 1991, Republican Senator Steve Symms and Representative Dana Rohrabacher introduced concurrent resolutions in the United States Congress urging the construction of "an International Memorial to the Victims of Communism at an appropriate location within the boundaries of the District of Columbia and for the appointment of a commission to oversee the design, construction and all other pertinent details of the memorial."[4][5]

In 1993, Rohrabacher and fellow Republican Senator Jesse Helms sponsored amendments to the FRIENDSHIP Act of 1993 which authorized such construction.[6] The act was signed into law by Democratic President Bill Clinton on December 17, 1993.[7] It cited "the deaths of over 100,000,000 victims in an unprecedented imperial holocaust" and resolved that "the sacrifices of these victims should be permanently memorialized so that never again will nations and peoples allow so evil a tyranny to terrorize the world."[3]

According to Title IX, Section 905 of Public Law 103–199, an independent organization was to be established to construct, maintain, and operate the Victims of Communism Memorial in Washington, D.C., as well as to collect the contributions for the establishment of the memorial and to encourage the participation of all groups suffered under Communist regimes.[8] In 2007, the foundation completed the Victims of Communism Memorial, which was dedicated by Republican President George W. Bush.[9] In 2016, the foundation released a list of 51 prisoners of conscience in Cuba just before Democratic President Barack Obama visit and meeting with Cuban leader Raúl Castro.[10] In 2020, the organization released a report alleging organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners and Uyghurs in China.[11]

Programs

[edit]

Victims of Communism Memorial

[edit]

The memorial was dedicated on June 12, 2007, the 20th anniversary of Republican President Ronald Reagan's Tear down this wall! speech in Berlin. The unveiling of the statue in Washington DC earned international press attention.[12]

The land was a gift of the National Park Service, and the remaining cost, over $1 million, was raised from private sources.[13] Sculpted by Thomas Marsh, it is a 10-foot bronze replica of the Papier-mâché Goddess of Democracy statue made by student democracy protesters leading up to the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989.[14]

Museum

[edit]

The foundation opened a museum at 900 15th St NW two blocks from the White House in June 2022. It is across the street from McPherson Square Park and McPherson Metro Station The grand opening featured three permanent galleries and a temporary gallery focused on the victims of communism. In the Washington Post, columnist George F. Will wrote that “Visitors to the museum will experience a wholesome immersion in the nation’s anti-communist success. And they will be reminded that this work is unfinished".[15]

Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom

[edit]

The foundation annually presents its Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom at an event which honors opponents of communism and has been used to raise funds for the construction of the memorial.[16] Past recipients include Myroslav Marynovych, Chen Guangcheng, Tom Lantos, Pope John Paul II, Vaclav Havel, Yang Jianli, Thadeus Nguyễn Văn Lý, Yelena Bonner, William F. Buckley Jr., Richard Pipes, Guillermo Fariñas, Lane Kirkland, Armando Valladares, János Horváth, Lech Wałęsa, Anna Walentynowicz, National Endowment for Democracy, and Henry M. Jackson.[16][17][18][19]

Projects

[edit]

In 2015, the foundation released a biopic video series called Witness Project, featuring interviews with witnesses of communism.[20]

Personnel

[edit]
Chairman emeritus Edwin Feulner

VOC's chairman is Elizabeth Edwards Spalding. Its chairman emeritus and co-founder is scholar Edwin Feulner.[2] Its previous chairman emeritus is Lee Edwards, a founding member of the conservative youth activism organization Young Americans for Freedom[21] and distinguished fellow at The Heritage Foundation.[22] Lev Dobriansky, economics professor and chairman of the anti-communist National Captive Nations Committee, previously served as chairman emeritus.[2][23] Its vice chairman is Randal Teague.[24]

Andrew Bremberg, former department manager for federally funded not-for-profit defence research contractor MITRE and former director of the Domestic Policy Council for U.S. President Donald Trump,[25] serves as president of VOC.[26] Ken Pope is the current CEO.[27]

The advisory council includes Sali Berisha, Dennis DeConcini, Carl Gershman, Mart Laar, Vytautas Landsbergis, Katrina Lantos Swett, Daniel Lipinski, Guntis Ulmanis, Armando Valladares, and others.[2]

See also

[edit]

Other notable memorials

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Smith, Dinitia (December 23, 1995). "For the Victims of Communism". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
  2. ^ a b c d "Leadership". Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
  3. ^ a b Rauch, Jonathan (December 2003). "The Forgotten Millions". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
  4. ^ "S. Con. Res. 55". thomas.loc.gov. Library of Congress. July 26, 1991. Archived from the original on July 4, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  5. ^ "H. Con. Res. 228". thomas.loc.gov. Library of Congress. 1991. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  6. ^ "U.S. Laws Catch Up to the New Russia". The New York Times. November 29, 1993. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  7. ^ "Bill Summary and Status". Library of Congress. December 17, 1993. Archived from the original on July 31, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  8. ^ "Public Law 103-199". United States Congress. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2009 – via Mega.nu.
  9. ^ "China Blasts Bush Tribute to Victims of Communism". Reuters. June 13, 2007. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  10. ^ Rhodan, Maya (March 21, 2016). "Advocates List Cuba's Political Prisoners After Castro Says There Are None". Time. Archived from the original on May 17, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  11. ^ Lipes, Joshua (March 12, 2020). "Uyghur, Falun Gong Detainees Likely Source for China's Organ Market: Report". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  12. ^ "Bush Blames 100 Million Deaths on Communists". Kommersant. June 13, 2007. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  13. ^ Butler, Don (March 6, 2015). "A tale of Two Monuments: Washington vs. Ottawa". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on May 3, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  14. ^ Miller, John (December 12, 2005). "Memorial Day: Honoring the victims of Communism". The National Review. Archived from the original on September 18, 2009. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
  15. ^ George, Will (August 24, 2022). "D.C.'s new Victims of Communism Museum tells a vital, unfinished tale". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
  16. ^ a b Clyne, Meghan (December 13, 2005). "D.C. Monument To Be Built In Honor of Victims of Communism". The New York Sun. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
  17. ^ Nordlinger, Jay (July 25, 2014). "Sweet Solidarity, Part II". National Review. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  18. ^ "Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom". Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation. Archived from the original on April 24, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  19. ^ "Chinese Dissident Receives Political Award in Washington". Asia Times. November 16, 2015. Archived from the original on November 7, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  20. ^ Abigail Clevenger (May 8, 2014). "What About Communism". Philanthropy Daily. Archived from the original on October 28, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  21. ^ Olmstead, Gracy (February 14, 2018). "Lee Edwards: When the 'New Right' Was New". The American Conservative. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  22. ^ "Lee Edwards, Ph.D." The Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  23. ^ Holley, Joe (February 6, 2008). "Lev E. Dobriansky, 89; Professor and Foe of Communism". Washington Post.
  24. ^ "Randal Cornell Teague". Victims of Communism. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
  25. ^ Michael Shear (May 2, 2017). "Trump Discards Obama Legacy, One Rule at a Time". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  26. ^ "Andrew Bamberg". Victims of Communism. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
  27. ^ "Ken Pope". Victims of Communism. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
  28. ^ Chernova, Anna. "Historic Russian Human Rights Center Closes, Warns of "Return to the Totalitarian Past"". CNN. Retrieved April 5, 2022.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Neumayer, Laure (2018). "Introduction". The Criminalisation of Communism in the European Political Space after the Cold War. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781351141741.
[edit]
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