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Coordinates: 30°39′40″N 73°6′30″E / 30.66111°N 73.10833°E / 30.66111; 73.10833
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{{About|the city in Sahiwal District}}
{{For|the district|Sahiwal District}}
{{For|the district|Sahiwal District}}
{{Short description|Pakistani city}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{original research|date=October 2017}}
{{original research|date=October 2017}}
}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Sahiwal
| official_name = Sahiwal
| name =
| name =
| native_name = {{Nastaliq|ساہِيوال}}
| native_name = {{nq|ساہيوال}}
| native_name_lang =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Punjab (Pakistan)|City]]
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in Punjab (Pakistan)|City]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|photo1a=SahiwalStation.jpg
|photo1a=SahiwalStation.jpg
|photo2b=FOREST PAKISTAN.jpg
|photo2b=FOREST PAKISTAN.jpg
Line 20: Line 19:
|color =black
|color =black
}}
}}
| imagesize =
| image size =
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = '''From top to bottom:<br />''' [[Sahiwal railway station|Sahiwal Railway Station]], Ravi Bridge, [[Chichawatni]] Forest, [[Sahiwal Medical College]]<br />
| image_caption = From top to bottom:<br /> [[Sahiwal railway station|Sahiwal Railway Station]], Ravi Bridge, [[Chichawatni]] Forest, [[Sahiwal Medical College]]<br />
| image_map =
| image_map =
| mapsize =
| mapsize =
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Punjab Pakistan#Pakistan
⚫
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map = Punjab Pakistan#Pakistan
⚫
| pushpin_mapsize =
⚫
| pushpin_label_position = left
⚫
| coordinates = {{Coord|30|39|40|N|73|6|30|E|type:city_region:PK|display=inline,title}}
⚫
| pushpin_mapsize =
⚫
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
⚫
| coordinates = {{Coord|30|39|40|N|73|6|30|E|type:city_region:PK|display=inline,title}}
⚫
| subdivision_name = {{PAK}}
⚫
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Pakistan|Province]]
⚫
| subdivision_name = {{PAK}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Pakistan|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon|Punjab}} [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon|Punjab}} [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Pakistan|Division]]
⚫
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Pakistan|Division]]
⚫
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Pakistan|District]]
⚫
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sahiwal Division|Sahiwal]]
| subdivision_name3 = Sahiwal
⚫
| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Pakistan|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = Sahiwal
| area_metro_km2 = 3201
⚫
| area_total_km2 = 60
| area_metro_km2 =3201
⚫
| total_type = City
⚫
| area_total_km2=60
⚫
| elevation_m = 152.4
⚫
| total_type=City
| population_as_of = [[2023 Pakistani census|2023]] census
⚫
| elevation_m = 152.4
⚫
| population_total = 538344
| population_as_of = [[2017 Census of Pakistan|2017]]
⚫
| population_rank = [[List of largest cities in Pakistan|22nd, Pakistan]]
⚫
| population_total = 389,605
⚫
| population_density_km2 = auto
⚫
|population_rank=[[List of largest cities in Pakistan|21st, Pakistan]]
⚫
| population_footnotes = <ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/pakistan/punjab/sahiwal/7290108__sahival/ Citypopulation.de] Population of Sahiwal Municipal Corporation</ref><ref name="bos">{{cite book|title=Punjab Development Statistics 2016|publisher=Bureau of Statistics, [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan|Government of The Punjab]]|page=335(340)|url=https://bos.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/Dev-2016.pdf|access-date=28 May 2017|language=en|chapter=Table 209}}</ref>
⚫
| population_density_km2 =auto
| established_date = 1865
⚫
| population_footnotes =<ref name="bos">{{cite book|title=Punjab Development Statistics 2016|publisher=Bureau of Statistics, [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan|Government of The Punjab]]|page=335(340)|url=https://bos.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/Dev-2016.pdf|access-date=28 May 2017|language=en|chapter=Table 209}}</ref>
| established_date = 1865
| timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]]
⚫
| utc_offset1 = +5
| timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]]
| population_demonym = Sahiwalian, Sahiwali
⚫
| utc_offset1 = +5
| demographics1_title1 = Main language(s)
| demographics1_title1 = Main language(s)
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Pakistani English|English]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Pakistani English|English]]
⚫
| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Pakistan|Postal code]]
⚫
| area_code = 040
| postal_code = 57000
⚫
| area_code_type = [[List of dialling codes in Pakistan|Calling code]]
| website =
| area_code = 040
| area_code_type = [[List of dialling codes in Pakistan|Calling code]]
| blank_name = No. of Union Councils
⚫
| website =
⚫
| blank_info = 52<br /> (11 urban, 41 rural)<ref name="bos"/>
| government_type = Metropolitan Corporation
| blank_name = No. of Union Councils
⚫
| blank_info = 52<br /> (11 urban, 41 rural)<ref name="bos"/>
| government_type = Metropolitan Corporation
}}
}}
[[File:SahiwalStation.jpg|thumb|Main Railway Station]]
[[File:SahiwalStation.jpg|thumb|Main Railway Station]]
'''Sahiwal''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|ساہِيوال}}}}), formerly known as '''Montgomery''', is a city in [[Punjab, Pakistan]]. It is the [[List of most populous cities in Pakistan|21st largest city of Pakistan]] by population and the administrative capital of both [[Sahiwal District]] and [[Sahiwal Division]].<ref name="Population city">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tageo.com/index-e-pk-cities-PK.htm|title=Pakistan City & Town Population List|access-date=29 September 2017|publisher=Tageo.com website}}</ref> Sahiwal is approximately 180&nbsp;km from the major city [[Lahore]] and 100&nbsp;km from [[Faisalabad]] and lies between Lahore and [[Multan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/amp/1617336|title=Sahiwal to be connected with Lahore-Multan motorway|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=April 10, 2021}}</ref>
'''Sahiwal''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] / {{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|ساہيوال}}}}; {{IPA-pa|sä˦ʱi̯.ʋälᵊ}}; {{IPA-ur|ˈsɑːˌɦiːˈʋɑːl}}), formerly known as '''Montgomery''', is a city in [[Central Punjab|central]] [[Punjab, Pakistan]]. It is the [[List of most populous cities in Pakistan|21st largest city of Pakistan]] by population and the administrative capital of both [[Sahiwal District]] and [[Sahiwal Division]].<ref name="Population city">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tageo.com/index-e-pk-cities-PK.htm|title=Pakistan City & Town Population List|access-date=29 September 2017|publisher=Tageo.com website}}</ref> Sahiwal is located approximately 180&nbsp;km from the major city Lahore and 100&nbsp;km from [[Faisalabad]] and lies between [[Lahore]] and [[Multan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/amp/1617336|title=Sahiwal to be connected with Lahore-Multan motorway|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=April 10, 2021}}</ref> Sahiwal is approximately 152 meters above the sea level.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sahiwal.punjab.gov.pk/our-history|title=District Sahiwal Official Website}}</ref>
The city of [[Harappa]] is located just 24 kilometers (15 miles) west of Sahiwal.


The city lies in a densely populated region between the [[Sutlej]] and [[Ravi River|Ravi]] rivers. The principal crops are wheat, cotton, tobacco,<ref name="(Pakistan)1980">{{cite book|author=Agricultural Research Council (Pakistan)|title=Pakistan journal of agricultural research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gw7bAAAAMAAJ|access-date=18 July 2011|date=1 January 1980|publisher=Pakistan Agricultural Research Council}}</ref> legumes, potato<ref name="Nazli">{{cite book|last=Nazli|first=Caesar B. Cororaton, Abdul Salam, Zafar Altaf, David Orden and Reno Dewina, Nicholas Minot, Hina|title=Cotton-Textile-Apparel Sectors of Pakistan: Situations and Challenges Faced|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WgFIAAnZ1GYC&pg=PA47|access-date=18 July 2011|publisher=Intl Food Policy Res Inst|page=47|id=GGKEY:1W7L1FH7N4N}}</ref> and oil seeds. Cotton goods and lacquered woodwork are manufactured.<ref name="inc1991">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopdia07ency|title=The New Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1991|isbn=978-0-85229-529-8|access-date=18 July 2011|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Committee1983">{{cite book|title=Cotton handbook of Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ypo_AAAAYAAJ|access-date=18 July 2011|year=1983|publisher=Pakistan Central Cotton Committee|page=217}}</ref>
The city lies in a densely populated region between the [[Sutlej]] and [[Ravi River|Ravi]] rivers. The principal crops are wheat, cotton, tobacco,<ref name="(Pakistan)1980">{{cite book|author=Agricultural Research Council (Pakistan)|title=Pakistan journal of agricultural research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gw7bAAAAMAAJ|access-date=18 July 2011|date=1 January 1980|publisher=Pakistan Agricultural Research Council}}</ref> legumes, potato<ref name="Nazli">{{cite book|last=Nazli|first=Caesar B. Cororaton, Abdul Salam, Zafar Altaf, David Orden and Reno Dewina, Nicholas Minot, Hina|title=Cotton-Textile-Apparel Sectors of Pakistan: Situations and Challenges Faced|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WgFIAAnZ1GYC&pg=PA47|access-date=18 July 2011|publisher=Intl Food Policy Res Inst|page=47|id=GGKEY:1W7L1FH7N4N}}</ref> and oil seeds. Cotton goods and lacquered woodwork are manufactured.<ref name="inc1991">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopdia07ency|title=The New Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|year=1991|isbn=978-0-85229-529-8|access-date=18 July 2011|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Committee1983">{{cite book|title=Cotton handbook of Pakistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ypo_AAAAYAAJ|access-date=18 July 2011|year=1983|publisher=Pakistan Central Cotton Committee|page=217}}</ref>
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==History==
==History==
{{Main|Sahiwal District}}
{{Main|Sahiwal District}}
Following the [[Umayyad dynasty|Ummayad Arab]] conquest of the Punjab cities of Uch and Multan, led by Muhammad bin Qasim, Arabs of the Emirate of Multan ruled the region of Sahiwal for a few centuries. Then Sahiwal remained part of the Multan province of the Mamluk dynasty. Sahiwal also remained associated with the historic city of Depalpur.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Firishtah |first1=Muḥammad Qāsim Hindū Shāh Astarābādī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_G1AAAAIAAJ&q=history+of+hindustan+by+firishta |title=The History of Hindostan: Translated from the Persian ... |last2=Dow |first2=Alexander |date=1812 |publisher=J. Walker |language=en}}</ref>
⚫
The city was founded in 1865 when a train station was built at the site of a small village on the [[Punjab Railway|Karachi-Lahore railway line]]. The site was named '''Montgomery''' for [[Sir Robert Montgomery]], then [[List of governors of Punjab (British India)|lieutenant governor of the Punjab]] and it replaced [[Gogera]] as the capital of the recently created Montgomery district.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_416.gif |title=Montgomery District, Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 17, p. 410., 1860–1922 |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |access-date=2013-02-18}}</ref> Two years later in 1867, it was constituted a municipality.<ref name="Sahiwal">{{cite web |title=Sahiwal |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sahiwal |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=17 January 2021}}</ref>


⚫
The modern-day city of Sahiwal was founded in 1865 when a train station was built at the site of a small village on the [[Punjab Railway|Karachi-Lahore railway line]]. The site was named Montgomery for [[Sir Robert Montgomery]], then lieutenant governor of the Punjab and it replaced [[Gogera]] as the capital of the recently created Montgomery district.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V17_416.gif |title=Montgomery District, Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 17, p. 410., 1860–1922 |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |access-date=2013-02-18}}</ref> Two years later in 1867, it was constituted a municipality.<ref name="Sahiwal">{{cite web |title=Sahiwal |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sahiwal |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=17 January 2021}}</ref>
⚫
In 1914 construction began of the [[Lower Bari Doab Canal]] which now irrigates both the city and wider region.<ref name="Sahiwal"/>


⚫
In 1914 construction began of the [[Lower Bari Doab Canal]] which now irrigates both the city and the wider region.<ref name="Sahiwal"/>
⚫
During the [[Partition of India]] in 1947 the city, being part of Montgomery district, was allocated to Pakistan by the [[Radcliffe Line|Punjab Boundary Commission]]. This was on the basis of being a Muslim majority area, despite claims from the [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Sikh]] groups on the basis of greater property ownership and revenues paid to the state.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ranjan |first1=Amit |title=Partition of India Postcolonial Legacies |date=20 November 2018 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780429750526}}</ref>

⚫
During the [[Partition of India]] in 1947 the city, being part of Montgomery district, was allocated to Pakistan by the [[Radcliffe Line|Punjab Boundary Commission]]. This was on the basis of being a Muslim-majority area, despite claims from the [[Indian National Congress]] and Sikh groups on the basis of greater property ownership and revenues paid to the state.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ranjan |first1=Amit |title=Partition of India Postcolonial Legacies |date=20 November 2018 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780429750526}}</ref>


==Climate==
==Climate==
The climate of Sahiwal district is extreme, reaching 52&nbsp;°C in summer, and down to 2&nbsp;°C in winter. The soil of the district is very fertile. The average rainfall is about 2000&nbsp;mm.<ref name="gpgcs.edu.pk">{{cite web|url=http://www.gpgcs.edu.pk/sahiwal.html |title=Govt. Post Graduate College Sahiwal |publisher=Gpgcs.edu.pk |access-date=2017-11-08}}</ref>
The climate of Sahiwal district is hot [[semi arid]], reaching 47&nbsp;°C in summer, and down to 5&nbsp;°C in winter. The soil of the district is very fertile. The average rainfall is about 585&nbsp;mm.<ref name="gpgcs.edu.pk">{{cite web|url=http://www.gpgcs.edu.pk/sahiwal.html |title=Govt. Post Graduate College Sahiwal |publisher=Gpgcs.edu.pk |access-date=2017-11-08}}</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
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*[[Army Public Schools & Colleges System]] (APSCS)
*[[Army Public Schools & Colleges System]] (APSCS)
*[[Beaconhouse School System (Pakistan)|Beaconhouse School System]]
*[[Beaconhouse School System (Pakistan)|Beaconhouse School System]]
*[[Bloomfield Hall School]]
*[[The City School (Pakistan)|The City School]]
*[[The City School (Pakistan)|The City School]]
*[[Divisional Public School and College, Sahiwal|Divisional Public School and College]]
*[[Divisional Public School and College, Sahiwal|Divisional Public School and College]]
*[[The Educators]]
*[[The Educators]]
*[[Government Postgraduate College Sahiwal]]
*[[Government Postgraduate College Sahiwal]]
*[[Government College of Technology Sahiwal]]

<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->


==Twin city==
==Twin city==
Sahiwal is [[Town twinning|twinned]] with the town of [[Rochdale]], in [[Greater Manchester]], [[North West England]]. Approximately eight per cent of town's population is of Asian origin, most of whom have links with Pakistan. The twinning arrangement was agreed between Rochdale and Sahiwal in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pap.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/9/231 |title=Punjab Assembly |publisher=Pap.gov.pk |access-date=2010-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rochdale.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/tourism_and_travel/town_twinning.aspx |title=Town twinning |publisher=rochdale.gov.uk |access-date=8 August 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071029173635/http://www.rochdale.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/libraries/town_twinning.aspx <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 29 October 2007}}</ref>
Sahiwal is [[Town twinning|twinned]] with the town of [[Rochdale]], in [[Greater Manchester]], England. Approximately eight per cent of Rochdale's population is of Asian origin, most of whom have links with Pakistan. The twinning arrangement was agreed between Rochdale and Sahiwal in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pap.gov.pk/index.php/members/profile/en/9/231 |title=Punjab Assembly |publisher=Pap.gov.pk |access-date=2010-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rochdale.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/tourism_and_travel/town_twinning.aspx |title=Town twinning |publisher=rochdale.gov.uk |access-date=8 August 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071029173635/http://www.rochdale.gov.uk/leisure_and_culture/libraries/town_twinning.aspx <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 29 October 2007}}</ref>


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
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* [[Majeed Amjad]], Urdu poet
* [[Majeed Amjad]], Urdu poet
* [[Tariq Aziz (TV personality)|Tariq Aziz]], television anchor
* [[Tariq Aziz (TV personality)|Tariq Aziz]], television anchor
* [[H. K. L. Bhagat|H.K.L Bhagat]], politician and former Union Minister of Parliamentary Affairs of India
* [[Dildar Pervaiz Bhatti]], (TV artist, compere, comedian, anchor)
* [[Dildar Pervaiz Bhatti]], (TV artist, compere, comedian, anchor)
* Brigadier [[Kuldip Singh Chandpuri]], Indian Army Officer
* Brigadier [[Kuldip Singh Chandpuri]], Indian Army Officer
* [[Attash Durrani]], Urdu writer and Scholar
* [[Attash Durrani]], Urdu writer and scholar
* [[Manzoor Elahi]], former test cricketer
* [[Manzoor Elahi]], former test cricketer
* [[Mehdi Hasan (Pakistani journalist)|Mehdi Hasan]], journalist and historian
* [[Mehdi Hasan (Pakistani journalist)|Mehdi Hasan]], journalist and historian
* [[Rana Mohammad Hanif Khan]], politician and former Finance Minister of Pakistan
* [[Rana Mohammad Hanif Khan]], politician and former Finance Minister of Pakistan
* [[Nazir Naji]] journalist and Urdu columnist for the [[Daily Dunya]]
* [[Nazir Naji]] journalist and Urdu columnist for various media groups.
* [[Emmanuel Neno]], Christian author and translator
* [[Emmanuel Neno]], Christian author and translator
* [[Kunwar Mohinder Singh Bedi Sahar]], Urdu Poet
* [[Kunwar Mohinder Singh Bedi Sahar]], Urdu poet
* [[Nouraiz Shakoor]], politician and former Federal minister
* [[Nouraiz Shakoor]], politician and former federal minister
* [[Saieen Zahoor]], Sufi musician
* [[Saieen Zahoor]], Sufi musician
* [[Imran Ali (Pakistan International Airlines cricketer)|Imran Ali]], a cricketer
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
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{{Portal|Pakistan|Punjab}}
{{Portal|Pakistan|Punjab}}
*[[Sahiwal killings]]
*[[Sahiwal killings]]
* [[Zafar Ali Stadium]]
*[[Zafar Ali Stadium]]
*[[University of Sahiwal]]
*[[University of Sahiwal]]



==References==
==References==
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* {{Official website|http://www.sahiwal.org/ }}
* {{Official website|http://www.sahiwal.org/ }}
* [http://nimls.edu.pk/ NIMLS COLLEGE Sahiwal]
* [http://nimls.edu.pk/ NIMLS COLLEGE Sahiwal]
* https://archive.org/details/MontgomerytoSahiwal
* [https://archive.org/details/MontgomerytoSahiwal ''Montgomery to Sahiwal''] by S. A. Naeem (in Urdu), digitised at [[Internet Archive]]


{{Neighbourhoods of Sahiwal}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Sahiwal}}

Latest revision as of 08:01, 10 December 2024

For the district, see Sahiwal District.

Sahiwal
ساہيوال
City
From top to bottom:
Sahiwal Railway Station, Ravi Bridge, Chichawatni Forest, Sahiwal Medical College
Sahiwal is located in Punjab, Pakistan
Sahiwal
Sahiwal
Sahiwal is located in Pakistan
Sahiwal
Sahiwal
Coordinates: 30°39′40″N 73°6′30″E / 30.66111°N 73.10833°E / 30.66111; 73.10833
Country Pakistan
ProvincePunjab, Pakistan Punjab
DivisionSahiwal
DistrictSahiwal
Government
 • TypeMetropolitan Corporation
Area
 • City
60 km2 (20 sq mi)
 • Metro
3,201 km2 (1,236 sq mi)
Elevation
152.4 m (500.0 ft)
Population
 (2023 census)[1][2]
 • City
538,344
 • Rank22nd, Pakistan
 • Density9,000/km2 (23,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Sahiwalian, Sahiwali
Time zoneUTC+5 (PST)
Postal code
57000
Calling code040
No. of Union Councils52
(11 urban, 41 rural)[2]
Main Railway Station

Sahiwal (Punjabi / Urdu: ساہيوال; Punjabi pronunciation: [sä˦ʱi̯.ʋälᵊ]; Urdu pronunciation: [ˈsɑːˌɦiːˈʋɑːl]), formerly known as Montgomery, is a city in central Punjab, Pakistan. It is the 21st largest city of Pakistan by population and the administrative capital of both Sahiwal District and Sahiwal Division.[3] Sahiwal is located approximately 180 km from the major city Lahore and 100 km from Faisalabad and lies between Lahore and Multan.[4] Sahiwal is approximately 152 meters above the sea level.[5] The city of Harappa is located just 24 kilometers (15 miles) west of Sahiwal.

The city lies in a densely populated region between the Sutlej and Ravi rivers. The principal crops are wheat, cotton, tobacco,[6] legumes, potato[7] and oil seeds. Cotton goods and lacquered woodwork are manufactured.[8][9]

History

[edit]
Main article: Sahiwal District

Following the Ummayad Arab conquest of the Punjab cities of Uch and Multan, led by Muhammad bin Qasim, Arabs of the Emirate of Multan ruled the region of Sahiwal for a few centuries. Then Sahiwal remained part of the Multan province of the Mamluk dynasty. Sahiwal also remained associated with the historic city of Depalpur.[10]

The modern-day city of Sahiwal was founded in 1865 when a train station was built at the site of a small village on the Karachi-Lahore railway line. The site was named Montgomery for Sir Robert Montgomery, then lieutenant governor of the Punjab and it replaced Gogera as the capital of the recently created Montgomery district.[11] Two years later in 1867, it was constituted a municipality.[12]

In 1914 construction began of the Lower Bari Doab Canal which now irrigates both the city and the wider region.[12]

During the Partition of India in 1947 the city, being part of Montgomery district, was allocated to Pakistan by the Punjab Boundary Commission. This was on the basis of being a Muslim-majority area, despite claims from the Indian National Congress and Sikh groups on the basis of greater property ownership and revenues paid to the state.[13]

Climate

[edit]

The climate of Sahiwal district is hot semi arid, reaching 47 °C in summer, and down to 5 °C in winter. The soil of the district is very fertile. The average rainfall is about 585 mm.[14]

Education

[edit]
Sahiwal Medical College

Notable educational institutes of the city include:

Twin city

[edit]

Sahiwal is twinned with the town of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England. Approximately eight per cent of Rochdale's population is of Asian origin, most of whom have links with Pakistan. The twinning arrangement was agreed between Rochdale and Sahiwal in 1998.[17][18]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Citypopulation.de Population of Sahiwal Municipal Corporation
  2. ^ a b "Table 209". Punjab Development Statistics 2016 (PDF). Bureau of Statistics, Government of The Punjab. p. 335(340). Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  3. ^ "Pakistan City & Town Population List". Tageo.com website. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  4. ^ "Sahiwal to be connected with Lahore-Multan motorway". Dawn. 10 April 2021.
  5. ^ "District Sahiwal Official Website".
  6. ^ Agricultural Research Council (Pakistan) (1 January 1980). Pakistan journal of agricultural research. Pakistan Agricultural Research Council. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  7. ^ Nazli, Caesar B. Cororaton, Abdul Salam, Zafar Altaf, David Orden and Reno Dewina, Nicholas Minot, Hina. Cotton-Textile-Apparel Sectors of Pakistan: Situations and Challenges Faced. Intl Food Policy Res Inst. p. 47. GGKEY:1W7L1FH7N4N. Retrieved 18 July 2011.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ The New Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1991. ISBN 978-0-85229-529-8. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  9. ^ Cotton handbook of Pakistan. Pakistan Central Cotton Committee. 1983. p. 217. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  10. ^ Firishtah, Muḥammad Qāsim Hindū Shāh Astarābādī; Dow, Alexander (1812). The History of Hindostan: Translated from the Persian ... J. Walker.
  11. ^ "Montgomery District, Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 17, p. 410., 1860–1922". Dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
  12. ^ a b "Sahiwal". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  13. ^ Ranjan, Amit (20 November 2018). Partition of India Postcolonial Legacies. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780429750526.
  14. ^ "Govt. Post Graduate College Sahiwal". Gpgcs.edu.pk. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  15. ^ "University of Sahiwal".
  16. ^ "Barani Institute of Sciences".
  17. ^ "Punjab Assembly". Pap.gov.pk. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
  18. ^ "Town twinning". rochdale.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 29 October 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
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