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Coordinates: 45°46′N 82°12′W / 45.767°N 82.200°W / 45.767; -82.200
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{{Location map~ |CAN ON Manitoulin|label = [[Gore Bay, Ontario|'''Gore Bay''']]|mark = Western Canada Map Assets Town.svg|label_size = 110|marksize = 8|position = top|lat_deg = 45.916667|lon_deg = -82.466667}}
{{Location map~ |CAN ON Manitoulin|label = [[Gore Bay, Ontario|'''Gore Bay''']]|mark = Western Canada Map Assets Town.svg|label_size = 110|marksize = 8|position = top|lat_deg = 45.916667|lon_deg = -82.466667}}
{{Location map~ |CAN ON Manitoulin|label = [[Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands|'''Northeast Manitoulin''']]|mark = Western Canada Map Assets Town.svg|label_size = 110|marksize = 8|position = right|lat_deg = 45.966667|lon_deg = -81.933333}}
{{Location map~ |CAN ON Manitoulin|label = [[Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands|'''Northeast Manitoulin''']]|mark = Western Canada Map Assets Town.svg|label_size = 110|marksize = 8|position = right|lat_deg = 45.966667|lon_deg = -81.933333}}
{{Location map~ |CAN ON Manitoulin|label = [[Wiikwemkoong First Nation|'''Wiikwem-<br>koong''']]|mark = Western Canada Map Assets Town.svg|label_size = 110|marksize = 8|position = bottom|lat_deg = 45.7|lon_deg = -81.716667}}
{{Location map~ |CAN ON Manitoulin|label = [[Wiikwemkoong First Nation|'''Wiikwem-<br/>koong''']]|mark = Western Canada Map Assets Town.svg|label_size = 110|marksize = 8|position = bottom|lat_deg = 45.7|lon_deg = -81.716667}}
{{Location map~ |CAN ON Manitoulin|label = [[Central Manitoulin]]|mark = Western Canada Map Assets Village.svg|marksize = 6|position = left|lat_deg = 45.716667|lon_deg = -82.2}}
{{Location map~ |CAN ON Manitoulin|label = [[Central Manitoulin]]|mark = Western Canada Map Assets Village.svg|marksize = 6|position = left|lat_deg = 45.716667|lon_deg = -82.2}}
{{Location map~ |CAN ON Manitoulin|label = [[M'Chigeeng First Nation|M'Chigeeng]]|mark = Western Canada Map Assets Village.svg|marksize = 6|position = left|lat_deg = 45.833333|lon_deg = -82.166667}}
{{Location map~ |CAN ON Manitoulin|label = [[M'Chigeeng First Nation|M'Chigeeng]]|mark = Western Canada Map Assets Village.svg|marksize = 6|position = left|lat_deg = 45.833333|lon_deg = -82.166667}}
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| leader_title1 = [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario|MPP]]
| leader_title1 = [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario|MPP]]
| leader_name1 = [[Michael Mantha]]
| leader_name1 = [[Michael Mantha]]
| area_footnotes = <ref name="sc2021">{{cite web |title=Manitoulin, District (DIS) Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=manitoulin&DGUIDlist=2021A00033551&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Government of Canada - Statistics Canada |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref>
| area_footnotes = <ref name="cp2011"/>
| area_total_km2 =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 = 3107.12
| area_land_km2 = 3073.54
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_water_percent =
Line 47: Line 47:
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 13,255
| population_total = 13,935
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_footnotes = <ref name="cp2011"/>
| population_footnotes = <ref name="sc2021"/>
| population_density_km2 = 4.3
| population_density_km2 = 4.5
| population_urban =
| population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
Line 74: Line 74:


==Geography==
==Geography==
The district has an area of {{convert|3107.13|km2||abbr=}},<ref name="cp2011"/> making it the smallest district in Ontario. It is in the northern part of [[Lake Huron]], separated from the mainland by the [[North Channel (Ontario)|North Channel]] to the north and by the [[Georgian Bay]] to the east.
The district has an area of {{convert|3073.54|km2|}},<ref name="sc2021"/> making it the smallest district in Ontario. It is in the northern part of [[Lake Huron]], separated from the mainland by the [[North Channel (Ontario)|North Channel]] to the north and by the [[Georgian Bay]] to the east.


Islands included within the district are:<ref>{{cite book|author=Geomatics Office, Ministry of Transportation|title=Ontario, Canada, 2008/2009 official road map |date=2008|publisher=Geomatics Office|location=St. Catherines, Ont.|isbn=9781424955435|edition=2008-2009}}</ref>
Islands included within the district are:<ref>{{cite book|author=Geomatics Office, Ministry of Transportation|title=Ontario, Canada, 2008/2009 official road map |date=2008|publisher=Geomatics Office|location=St. Catharines, Ont.|isbn=9781424955435|edition=2008-2009}}</ref>
{{div col}}
{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
* [[Gordon/Barrie Island|Barrie Island]]
* [[Gordon/Barrie Island|Barrie Island]]
* Bedford Island
* Bedford Island
Line 102: Line 102:


==Subdivisions==
==Subdivisions==

===Towns===
[[File:Gore Bay Manitoulin.JPG|thumb|right|Gore Bay]]
[[File:Gore Bay Manitoulin.JPG|thumb|right|Gore Bay]]
{| class="wikitable
|-
! Name of Town
! Population
! Ref.
|-
| '''[[Gore Bay, Ontario|Gore Bay]]'''
| 867
|
|-
| [[Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands, Ontario|Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands]]
| 2,706
|
|}


Towns:
===Townships===
* [[Gore Bay, Ontario|Gore Bay]]
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands, Ontario|Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands]]
|-

! Name of Township
Townships:
! Population
* [[Assiginack, Ontario|Assiginack]]
! Ref.
* [[Billings, Ontario|Billings]]
|-
| [[Assiginack, Ontario|Assiginack]]
* [[Burpee and Mills, Ontario|Burpee and Mills]]
* [[Central Manitoulin, Ontario|Central Manitoulin]]
| 1,014
* [[Cockburn Island (Ontario)|Cockburn Island]]
|
* [[Gordon/Barrie Island]]
|-
| [[Billings, Ontario|Billings]]
* [[Tehkummah, Ontario|Tehkummah]]
| 603
|
|-
| [[Burpee and Mills, Ontario|Burpee and Mills]]
| 343
|
|-
| [[Central Manitoulin, Ontario|Central Manitoulin]]
| 2,084
|
|-
| [[Cockburn Island (Ontario)|Cockburn Island]]
| 0
|
|-
| [[Gordon/Barrie Island]]
| 490
|
|-
| [[Tehkummah, Ontario|Tehkummah]]
| 436
|
|}


===Unorganized areas===
Unorganized areas:
* [[Unorganized Mainland Manitoulin District|Manitoulin, Unorganized, Mainland]] (dissolved in 2006)
{| class="wikitable"
* [[Unorganized West Manitoulin District|Manitoulin, Unorganized, West Part]], includes these two geographic townships (each served by its own, separate [[Local services board (Ontario)|local services board]]):
|-
** [[Dawson Township, Manitoulin District, Ontario|Dawson]]
! Name of Area
** [[Robinson Township, Ontario|Robinson]]
! Population
! Ref.
|-
| [[Unorganized Mainland Manitoulin District|Manitoulin, Unorganized, Mainland]] (dissolved in 2006)
| 5
|
|-
| [[Unorganized West Manitoulin District|Manitoulin, Unorganized, West Part]], includes these two geographic townships (each served by its own, separate [[Local services board (Ontario)|local services board]]):
* [[Dawson Township, Manitoulin District, Ontario|Dawson]]
* [[Robinson Township, Ontario|Robinson]]
| 168<br />
|
|}


===First Nations reserves===
===First Nations===
Reserves:
{| class="wikitable"
* [[M'Chigeeng 22, Ontario|M'Chigeeng (West Bay)]]
|-
* [[Sheguiandah 24, Ontario|Sheguiandah]]
! Name of Reserve
* [[Sheshegwaning 20, Ontario|Sheshegwaning]]
! Population
* [[Aundeck Omni Kaning First Nation|Aundeck Omni Kaning]]
! Ref.
* [[Whitefish River 4, Ontario|Whitefish River]]
|-
| [[M'Chigeeng 22, Ontario|M'Chigeeng (West Bay)]]
* [[Wikwemikong Unceded 26, Ontario|Wikwemikong]]
* [[Zhiibaahaasing 19, Ontario|Zhiibaahaasing (Cockburn Island)]]
| 939
|
|-
| [[Sheguiandah 24, Ontario|Sheguiandah]]
| 154
|
|-
| [[Sheshegwaning 20, Ontario|Sheshegwaning]]
| 118
|
|-
| [[Aundeck Omni Kaning First Nation|Aundeck Omni Kaning]]
| 365
|
|-
| [[Whitefish River 4, Ontario|Whitefish River]]
| 487
|
|-
| [[Wikwemikong Unceded 26, Ontario|Wikwemikong]]
| 2,592
|
|-
| [[Zhiibaahaasing 19, Ontario|Zhiibaahaasing (Cockburn Island)]]
| 55
|
|}


===Communities===
===Communities===
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==Demographics==
==Demographics==
As a [[Census divisions of Canada|census division]] in the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], the Manitoulin District had a population of {{val|13935|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|6144|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|9302|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:13935-13255}}|13255|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|13255|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|3073.54|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|13935|3073.54|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000701 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada and census divisions | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=April 2, 2022}}</ref>
As a [[Census divisions of Canada|census division]] in the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], the Manitoulin District had a population of {{val|13935|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|6144|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|9302|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:13935-13255}}|13255|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|13255|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|3073.54|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|13935|3073.54|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name="sc2021"/>
{{Canada census
{{Canada census
|location = Manitoulin District
| notes = 2006 population adjusted for 2011 boundaries is 12,632.
| notes = 2006 population adjusted for 2011 boundaries is 12,632.
|location = Manitoulin
|2021_population=13,935 | 2021_pop_delta=+5.1 | 2021_land_area=3,073.54 | 2021_pop_density=4.5
|2021_population=13,935 | 2021_pop_delta=+5.1 | 2021_land_area=3,073.54 | 2021_pop_density=4.5
|2021_median_age=51.6 | 2021_median_age_m=50.8 | 2021_median_age_f=52
|2021_median_age=51.6 | 2021_median_age_m=50.8 | 2021_median_age_f=52.0
|2021_total_pvt_dwell=6,140 |2021_mean_hh_income= |2021_geocode=2021A00033551 | 2021_access_date=2022-04-27
|2021_total_pvt_dwell=9,302 |2021_occ_pvt_dwell=6,144 |2021_mean_hh_income=63,600
|2021_geocode=2021A00033551 | 2021_access_date=2023-10-19
|2016_population=13,255 | 2016_pop_delta=+1.6 | 2016_land_area=3107.23 | 2016_pop_density=4.3
|2016_median_age=49.5 | 2016_median_age_m=49.0 | 2016_median_age_f=49.9
|2016_total_pvt_dwell=9,537 |2016_occ_pvt_dwell=5,748 | 2016_mean_hh_income=50,227 | 2016_access_date=2024-12-10
| 2011_population = 13,048 | 2011_pop_delta=3.3 | 2011_land_area=3107.11 | 2011_pop_density=4.2
| 2011_population = 13,048 | 2011_pop_delta=3.3 | 2011_land_area=3107.11 | 2011_pop_density=4.2
| 2011_median_age = 46.6 | 2011_median_age_m= 46.2 | 2011_median_age_f= 47.1
| 2011_median_age = 46.6 | 2011_median_age_m= 46.2 | 2011_median_age_f= 47.1
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| 2001_median_age = 40.3 | 2001_median_age_m=40.0 | 2001_median_age_f=40.7
| 2001_median_age = 40.3 | 2001_median_age_m=40.0 | 2001_median_age_f=40.7
| 2001_total_pvt_dwell = 9213 | 2001_mean_hh_income= | 2001_access_date=2012-03-19
| 2001_total_pvt_dwell = 9213 | 2001_mean_hh_income= | 2001_access_date=2012-03-19
}}
|2016_population=13,255|2016_pop_delta=1.6|2016_total_pvt_dwell=9,537}}

{{Historical populations
|title = {{Nowrap|Historical census populations –}} Manitoulin District
|align = none
|cols = 3
|percentages =
|footnote = Population counts are not adjusted for boundary changes.
|source = Statistics Canada<ref name="sc2021"/><ref name=census1971>{{cite journal |title=1971 Census of Canada - Population Census Subdivisions (Historical) |journal=Catalogue 92-702 Vol I, part 1 (Bulletin 1.1-2) |date=July 1973 |pages=76, 139 |publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref>
| 1921 |10468
| 1931 |10734
| 1941 |10841
| 1951 |11214
| 1956 |11060
| 1961 |11176
| 1966 |10544
| 1971 |10931
| 1976 |10893
| 1981 |11001
| 1986 |9823
| 1991 |11192
| 1996 |11413
| 2001 |12,679
| 2006 |13,090
| 2011 |13,048
| 2016 |13,255
| 2021 |13,935
}}


==Services==
==Services==
Like the other districts of Northern Ontario, the Manitoulin District does not have a [[county]] or [[regional municipality]] tier of government. All services in the district are provided either by the individual municipalities or directly by the provincial government. Services are provided jointly with the [[Sudbury District]] from its district seat in [[Espanola, Ontario|Espanola]].
Like the other districts of Northern Ontario, the Manitoulin District does not have a [[county]] or [[regional municipality]] tier of government. All services in the district are provided either by the individual municipalities or directly by the provincial government. Services are provided jointly with the [[Sudbury District]] from its district seat in [[Espanola, Ontario|Espanola]].


==Media==
==Transportation==
King's Highways:
The district is served by two weekly community newspapers, the ''[[Manitoulin Expositor]]'' in Little Current and the ''Manitoulin West Recorder'' in Gore Bay; the papers are sister publications both owned and operated by the McCutcheon family.

The district is served by the commercial radio stations [[CFRM-FM]] and [[CHAW-FM]], the [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] community radio station [[CHYF-FM]], and the [[Elliot Lake]]-based commercial radio station [[CKNR-FM]]. It is otherwise primarily served by media from [[Greater Sudbury|Sudbury]], including the ''[[Sudbury Star]]'' and [[CTV Northern Ontario]].

==Highways==
===King's Highways===
* [[Ontario Highway 6|#6]]
* [[Ontario Highway 6|#6]]


===Secondary Highways===
Secondary Highways:
* [[Ontario Highway 540|#540]]
* [[Ontario Highway 540|#540]]
* [[Ontario Highway 540A|#540A]]
* [[Ontario Highway 540A|#540A]]
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* [[Ontario Highway 542A|#542A]]
* [[Ontario Highway 542A|#542A]]
* [[Ontario Highway 551|#551]]
* [[Ontario Highway 551|#551]]

==Media==
The district is served by two weekly community newspapers, the ''[[Manitoulin Expositor]]'' in Little Current and the ''Manitoulin West Recorder'' in Gore Bay; the papers are sister publications both owned and operated by the McCutcheon family.

The district is served by the commercial radio stations [[CFRM-FM]] and [[CHAW-FM]], the [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] community radio station [[CHYF-FM]], and the [[Elliot Lake]]-based commercial radio station [[CKNR-FM]]. It is otherwise primarily served by media from [[Greater Sudbury|Sudbury]], including the ''[[Sudbury Star]]'' and [[CTV Northern Ontario]].


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of townships in Ontario]]
* [[List of townships in Ontario]]
* [[Manitoulin Streams Improvement Association]] - A not-for-profit group that rehabilitates streams, rivers, and creeks on Manitoulin Island.
* [[Manitoulin Streams Improvement Association]] - A not-for-profit group that rehabilitates streams, rivers, and creeks on Manitoulin Island.
* [[List of secondary schools in Ontario#Manitoulin District]]
* {{section link|List of secondary schools in Ontario|Manitoulin District}}


==References==
==References==
Line 313: Line 267:


==External links==
==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Commons category}}
*{{commons category-inline|Cities and towns of Manitoulin District}}
*[http://www.msdsb.net/ Manitoulin-Sudbury District Services Board]
*[http://www.msdsb.net/ Manitoulin-Sudbury District Services Board]


{{Geographic location
{{Geographic location
| Centre = Manitoulin District
| Centre = Manitoulin District
| North = [[Algoma District]]<br>''[[North Channel (Ontario)|North Channel]]''
| North = [[Algoma District]]<br/>''[[North Channel (Ontario)|North Channel]]''
| Northeast = [[Sudbury District]]<br>''[[North Channel (Ontario)|North Channel]]''
| Northeast = [[Sudbury District]]<br/>''[[North Channel (Ontario)|North Channel]]''
| East = ''[[Georgian Bay]]''
| East = ''[[Georgian Bay]]''
| Southeast = ''Main Channel''<br>[[Bruce County]]
| Southeast = ''Main Channel''<br/>[[Bruce County]]
| South = ''[[Lake Huron]]''
| South = ''[[Lake Huron]]''
| West = {{flagicon|MI}}{{flagicon|US}} [[Chippewa County, Michigan|Chippewa County]] / ''[[False Detour Channel]]''
| West = {{flagicon|MI}}{{flagicon|US}} [[Chippewa County, Michigan|Chippewa County]] / ''[[False Detour Channel]]''

Latest revision as of 16:59, 10 December 2024

Manitoulin District
District
Location of Manitoulin District within Ontario
Location of Manitoulin District within Ontario
Coordinates: 45°46′N 82°12′W / 45.767°N 82.200°W / 45.767; -82.200
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
RegionNortheastern Ontario
Created1888
Government
 • MPCarol Hughes
 • MPPMichael Mantha
Area
[1]
 • Land3,073.54 km2 (1,186.70 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[1]
 • Total
13,935
 • Density4.5/km2 (12/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
Postal code span
P0P
Area code705
SeatGore Bay

Manitoulin District is a district in Northeastern Ontario within the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1888 from part of the Algoma District. The district seat is in Gore Bay.

It comprises Manitoulin Island primarily, as well as a number of smaller islands surrounding it, such as Barrie, Cockburn, and Great La Cloche islands. Previously it included the municipality of Killarney on the mainland, until this was transferred to Sudbury District in the late 1990s. Subsequently, more mainland portions were added to Killarney and these, together with Unorganized Mainland Manitoulin District, were also transferred to Sudbury District in 2006, about 1,600 square kilometres (600 sq mi) in all.[2]

Geography

[edit]

The district has an area of 3,073.54 square kilometres (1,186.70 sq mi),[1] making it the smallest district in Ontario. It is in the northern part of Lake Huron, separated from the mainland by the North Channel to the north and by the Georgian Bay to the east.

Islands included within the district are:[3]

  • Barrie Island
  • Bedford Island
  • Burnt Islands (Big and Northwest)
  • Clapperton Island
  • Club Island
  • Cockburn Island
  • Duck Islands (Great, Middle, Outer, and Western)
  • East Rous Island
  • Fitzwilliam Island
  • Goat Island
  • Great La Cloche Island
  • Greene Island
  • Henry Island
  • Heywood Island
  • Manitoulin Island
  • Rabbit Island
  • Strawberry Island
  • Thibault Island
  • Vidal Island
  • Wall Island
  • Yeo Island

Subdivisions

[edit]
Gore Bay

Towns:

Townships:

Unorganized areas:

First Nations

[edit]

Reserves:

Communities

[edit]

Demographics

[edit]

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Manitoulin District had a population of 13,935 living in 6,144 of its 9,302 total private dwellings, a change of 5.1% from its 2016 population of 13,255. With a land area of 3,073.54 km2 (1,186.70 sq mi), it had a population density of 4.5/km2 (11.7/sq mi) in 2021.[1]

Canada census – Manitoulin District community profile
202120162011
Population13,935 (+5.1% from 2016)13,255 (+1.6% from 2011)13,048 (3.3% from 2006)
Land area3,073.54 km2 (1,186.70 sq mi)3,107.23 km2 (1,199.71 sq mi)3,107.11 km2 (1,199.66 sq mi)
Population density4.5/km2 (12/sq mi)4.3/km2 (11/sq mi)4.2/km2 (11/sq mi)
Median age51.6 (M: 50.8, F: 52.0)49.5 (M: 49.0, F: 49.9)46.6 (M: 46.2, F: 47.1)
Private dwellings9,302 (total)  6,144 (occupied)9,537 (total)  5,748 (occupied)9281 (total) 
Median household income$63,600$50,227
Notes: 2006 population adjusted for 2011 boundaries is 12,632.
References: 2021[4] 2016[5] 2011[6] earlier[7][8]
Historical census populations – Manitoulin District
YearPop.±%
1921 10,468—    
1931 10,734+2.5%
1941 10,841+1.0%
1951 11,214+3.4%
1956 11,060−1.4%
1961 11,176+1.0%
YearPop.±%
1966 10,544−5.7%
1971 10,931+3.7%
1976 10,893−0.3%
1981 11,001+1.0%
1986 9,823−10.7%
1991 11,192+13.9%
YearPop.±%
1996 11,413+2.0%
2001 12,679+11.1%
2006 13,090+3.2%
2011 13,048−0.3%
2016 13,255+1.6%
2021 13,935+5.1%
Population counts are not adjusted for boundary changes.
Source: Statistics Canada[1][9]

Services

[edit]

Like the other districts of Northern Ontario, the Manitoulin District does not have a county or regional municipality tier of government. All services in the district are provided either by the individual municipalities or directly by the provincial government. Services are provided jointly with the Sudbury District from its district seat in Espanola.

Transportation

[edit]

King's Highways:

Secondary Highways:

Media

[edit]

The district is served by two weekly community newspapers, the Manitoulin Expositor in Little Current and the Manitoulin West Recorder in Gore Bay; the papers are sister publications both owned and operated by the McCutcheon family.

The district is served by the commercial radio stations CFRM-FM and CHAW-FM, the First Nations community radio station CHYF-FM, and the Elliot Lake-based commercial radio station CKNR-FM. It is otherwise primarily served by media from Sudbury, including the Sudbury Star and CTV Northern Ontario.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "Manitoulin, District (DIS) Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Government of Canada - Statistics Canada. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  2. ^ "Annual changes to census subdivision codes, names and types, between 2006 and 2011, by province and territory, and by year". Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) 2011. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
  3. ^ Geomatics Office, Ministry of Transportation (2008). Ontario, Canada, 2008/2009 official road map (2008-2009 ed.). St. Catharines, Ont.: Geomatics Office. ISBN 9781424955435.
  4. ^ "2021 Community Profiles". 2021 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. February 4, 2022. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
  5. ^ "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. August 12, 2021. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
  6. ^ "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. March 21, 2019. Retrieved 2012-03-19.
  7. ^ "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. August 20, 2019.
  8. ^ "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. July 18, 2021.
  9. ^ "1971 Census of Canada - Population Census Subdivisions (Historical)". Catalogue 92-702 Vol I, part 1 (Bulletin 1.1-2). Statistics Canada: 76, 139. July 1973.
[edit]
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