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{{Short description|Species of lizard}}
{{Short description|Species of lizard}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2023}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
| name = Erhard's wall lizard
| name = Erhard's wall lizard
⚫
| status = LC
⚫
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| image = Podarcis erhardii on Santorini.jpg
| image = Podarcis erhardii on Santorini.jpg
| image_caption = Photographed on Santorini
| image_caption = Photographed on Santorini
⚫
| status = LC
⚫
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 9 December 2024">{{cite iucn |author=Bowles, P. |author2=Crnobrnja-Isailović, J. |date=2024 |title=''Podarcis erhardii'' |volume=2024 |page=e.T207598021A137855176 |doi= |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref>
| genus = Podarcis
| genus = Podarcis
| species = erhardii
| species = erhardii
| authority = ([[Jacques von Bedriaga|Bedriaga]], 1882)
| authority = ([[Jacques von Bedriaga|Bedriaga]], 1882)
| synonyms = *''Lacerta muralis fusca'' var. ''erhardii'' <br>{{small|Bedriaga, 1882}}
| synonyms = *''Lacerta muralis fusca'' var. ''erhardii'' <br>{{small|Bedriaga, 1882}}
*''Podarcis erhardi'' <br>{{small|— [[Wolf-Eberhard Engelmann|Engelmann]] et al., 1993}}
*''Podarcis erhardi'' <br>{{small|— [[species:Wolf-Eberhard Engelmann|Engelmann]] et al., 1993}}
*''Podarcis erhardii'' <br>{{small|— [[Michael Kroniger|Kroniger]] & [[Mike Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2005}}
*''Podarcis erhardii'' <br>{{small|— [[species:Michael Kroniger|Kroniger]] & [[species:Mike Zawadzki|Zawadzki]], 2005}}
| synonyms_ref =<ref name=RDB>"''Podarcis erhardii'' ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
| synonyms_ref =<ref name=RDB>{{EMBL species|genus=Podarcis|species=erhardii}} www.reptile-database.org.</ref>
}}
}}
'''Erhard's wall lizard''' (''Podarcis erhardii'' ), also called the '''Aegean wall lizard''', is a [[species]] of [[lizard]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Lacertidae]]. The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Southeast Europe]].
'''Erhard's wall lizard''' ('''''Podarcis erhardii''')'', also [[Common name|commonly]] called the '''Aegean wall lizard''', is a [[species]] of [[lizard]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Lacertidae]]. The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Southeast Europe]].


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''erhardii'', is in honor of a certain Dr. D. Erhard (first name unknown), a [[Germans|German]] [[Natural history|naturalist]], who was the author of ''Fauna der Cycladen'' (1858).<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Podarcis erhardii'', p. 85).</ref>
The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''erhardii'', is in honor of a certain Dr. D. Erhard (first name unknown), a [[Germans|German]] [[Natural history|naturalist]], who was the author of ''Fauna der Cycladen'' (1858).<ref>[[species:Bo Beolens|Beolens, Bo]]; [[species:Michael Watkins|Watkins, Michael]]; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Podarcis erhardii'', p. 85).</ref>


==Geographic range==
==Geographic range==
''P. erhardii'' is found in the [[Balkans|Balkan]] peninsula and the [[Aegean Sea|Aegean islands]]. On the mainland it ranges from [[Albania]], [[North Macedonia]] and southern [[Bulgaria]] to the northeastern part of the [[Peloponnesos|Peloponnese]] peninsula in [[Greece]]. In the Aegean archipelago it does not occur in [[Milos]] or the surrounding islands, where it is replaced by the [[Milos wall lizard]].
''P. erhardii'' is found in the [[Balkans|Balkan]] peninsula and the [[Aegean Sea|Aegean islands]]. On the mainland it ranges from [[Albania]], [[North Macedonia]], extreme southern [[Serbia]] and southern [[Bulgaria]] to the northeastern part of the [[Peloponnesos|Peloponnese]] peninsula in [[Greece]].<ref name="iucn status 9 December 2024" /> In the Aegean archipelago it does not occur in [[Milos]] or the surrounding islands, where it is replaced by the [[Milos wall lizard]].{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}


==Description==
==Description==
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[[File:ErhardsLizard.jpg|thumb|Erhard's wall lizard on Santorini]]
[[File:ErhardsLizard.jpg|thumb|Erhard's wall lizard on Santorini]]
[[File:Podarcis erhardii.jpg|thumb|Erhard's wall lizard in Parnitha]]
[[File:Podarcis erhardii.jpg|thumb|Erhard's wall lizard in Parnitha]]
The length of the [[lizard|lizard's]] body of ''P. erhardii'' is about {{convert|7|cm|in|abbr=on}}, and the tail is twice as long. The head is rather wide, and the skin is smooth. The colour and patterning of this species vary a lot. The main colour is typically grey or brown, sometimes green. Females particularly are often striped. On the edges of the back two white stripes border two dark stripes or spotty lines. In the middle of the back may be a dark line. Some males have net-like patterning, where longitudinal and transverse lines and spots mix. The belly and often throat are white, yellow, orange or red, and in the [[Aegean Islands]] also green, blue or grey. The belly is never spotty, but sometimes there are blue spots on the hind legs.
The [[Snout–vent length|snout-to-vent length]] (SVL) of ''P. erhardii'' is about {{convert|7|cm|in|abbr=on}}, and the tail is twice as long. The head is rather wide, and the skin is smooth. The colour and patterning of this species vary a lot. The main colour is typically grey or brown, sometimes green. Females particularly are often striped. On the edges of the back two white stripes border two dark stripes or spotty lines. In the middle of the back may be a dark line. Some males have net-like patterning, where longitudinal and transverse lines and spots mix. The belly and often throat are white, yellow, orange or red, and in the [[Aegean Islands]] also green, blue or grey. The belly is never spotty, but sometimes there are blue spots on the hind legs.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}


==Habitat==
==Habitat==
Erhard's wall lizard lives in dry or rocky places with dense, low bushes. It climbs very well. The lizard populations in the Aegean archipelago inhabit open places, like plant-covered dunes, as well.
Erhard's wall lizard lives in dry or rocky places with dense, low bushes. It climbs very well. The lizard populations in the Aegean archipelago inhabit open places, like plant-covered dunes, as well.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}


==Diet==
==Diet==
Erhard's wall lizard eats [[arthropod]]s, especially [[insect]]s.
Erhard's wall lizard eats [[arthropod]]s, especially [[insect]]s.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}


==Reproduction==
==Reproduction==
''P. erhardii'' mates in spring, and lays eggs at the beginning of the summer. The young lizards hatch in September, then measuring {{convert|3|cm|in|abbr=on}}.
''P. erhardii'' mates in spring, and lays eggs at the beginning of the summer. The young lizards hatch in September, then measuring {{convert|3|cm|in|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}


== Behaviour ==
==Behaviour==
''P. erhardii'' chooses backgrounds that match their colour to enhance [[camouflage]] against avian predators in their natural habitat.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marshall|first=Kate L. A.|last2=Philpot|first2=Kate E.|last3=Stevens|first3=Martin|date=2016-01-25|title=Microhabitat choice in island lizards enhances camouflage against avian predators|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/srep19815|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|pages=1–10|doi=10.1038/srep19815|issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}</ref>
''P. erhardii'' chooses backgrounds that match its colour to enhance [[camouflage]] against avian predators in its natural habitat.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Marshall|first1=Kate L. A.|last2=Philpot|first2=Kate E.|last3=Stevens|first3=Martin|date=2016-01-25|title=Microhabitat choice in island lizards enhances camouflage against avian predators|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|page=19815|doi=10.1038/srep19815|pmid=26804463|pmc=4726299|issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free}}</ref>


==Subspecies==
==Subspecies==
Although 28 [[subspecies]] of ''P. erhardii'' have been described and considered valid, Sindaco & Jeremcenko (2008) consider only four subspecies to be valid, including the [[nominotypical subspecies]].<ref name=RDB/>
Although 28 [[subspecies]] of ''P. erhardii'' have been described and considered valid, [[species:Roberto Sindaco|Sindaco]] & [[species:Valery Konstantinovich Eremchenko|Jeremčenko]] (2008) consider only four subspecies to be valid, including the [[nominotypical subspecies]].<ref name=RDB/>
*''[[Podarcis erhardii erhardii]]'' {{small|([[Jacques von Bedriaga|Bedriaga]], 1882)}}
*''[[Podarcis erhardii erhardii]]'' {{small|([[Jacques von Bedriaga|Bedriaga]], 1882)}}
*''[[Podarcis erhardii livadiacus]]'' {{small|([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1902)}}
*''[[Podarcis erhardii livadiacus]]'' {{small|([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1902)}}
*''[[Podarcis erhardii riveti]]'' {{small|([[Paul Chabanaud|Chabanaud]], 1919)}}
*''[[Podarcis erhardii riveti]]'' {{small|([[Paul Chabanaud|Chabanaud]], 1919)}}
*''[[Podarcis erhardii thessalicus]]'' {{small|([[Carl August Otto Cyrén|Cyrén]], 1941)}}
*''[[Podarcis erhardii thessalicus]]'' {{small|([[species:Carl August Otto Cyrén|Cyrén]], 1941)}}
*'' [[Podarcis erhardii ruthvenii]]'' ([[Franz Werner|Werner]] , 1930)
*'' [[Podarcis erhardii ruthvenii]]'' {{small|([[Franz Werner|Werner]], 1930)}}
''[[Nota bene]]'': A [[Trinomen|trinomial authority]] in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a [[genus]] other than ''Podarcis''.
''[[Nota bene]]'': A [[Trinomen|trinomial authority]] in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a [[genus]] other than ''Podarcis''.


Line 53: Line 55:


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*[[:fr:Edwin Nicholas Arnold|Arnold EN]], Burton JA (1978). ''A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe''. London: Collins 272 pp. + Plates 1-40. {{ISBN|0-00-219318-3}}. (''Podarcis erhardii'', p.&nbsp;171 + Plate 31 + Map 90).
*[[Edwin Nicholas Arnold|Arnold EN]], [[species:John A. Burton|Burton JA]] (1978). ''A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe''. London: Collins 272 pp. + Plates 1-40. {{ISBN|0-00-219318-3}}. (''Podarcis erhardii'', p.&nbsp;171 + Plate 31 + Map 90).
*[[Jacques von Bedriaga|Bedriaga J]] (1882). "''Die Amphibien und Reptilien Griechenlands'' ". ''Bulletin de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou'' '''56''' (2): 43-103. (''Lacerta muralis fusca'' var. ''erhardii'', new variation, p.&nbsp;99). (in German).
*[[Jacques von Bedriaga|Bedriaga J]] (1882). "''Die Amphibien und Reptilien Griechenlands'' ". ''Bulletin de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou'' '''56''' (2): 43-103. (''Lacerta muralis fusca'' var. ''erhardii'', new variation, p.&nbsp;99). (in German).
*Čihař, Jiří (1994). ''Amphibians and Reptiles: A Magna Field Guide''. Wigston, England: Magna Books. 192 pp. {{ISBN|1-85422-788-2}}.
*[[species:Jiří Čihař|Čihař, Jiří]] (1994). ''Amphibians and Reptiles: A Magna Field Guide''. Wigston, England: Magna Books. 192 pp. {{ISBN|1-85422-788-2}}.
*Sindaco, Roberto; Jeremcenko, Valery K. (2008). ''The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume I: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Turtles, Crocodiles, Amphisbaenians and Lizards of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia''. Latina, Italy: Edizioni Belvedere. 579 pp. {{ISBN|978-8889504147}}.
*[[species:Roberto Sindaco|Sindaco, Roberto]]; [[species:Valery Konstantinovich Eremchenko|Jeremčenko, Valery K.]] (2008). ''The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic. 1. Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Turtles, Crocodiles, Amphisbaenians and Lizards of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia''. (Monographs of the ''Societas Herpetologica Italica''). Latina, Italy: Edizioni Belvedere. 580 pp. {{ISBN|978-88-89504-14-7}}.


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.herp.it/SpeciesPages/PodarErhar.htm Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe]
*[http://www.herp.it/SpeciesPages/PodarErhar.htm Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe]
*{{cite iucn|author=Lymberakis|display-authors=etal|year=2005|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/61546/0|title=''Podarcis erhardii''|access-date=12 May 2006|ref=harv}} Database entry includes a range map and a brief justification of why this species is of least concern
*{{cite iucn |author=Petros Lymberakis, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Rastko Ajtic, Milan Vogrin, Wolfgang Böhme |date=2009 |title=''Podarcis erhardii'' |volume=2009 |page=e.T61546A12512784 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61546A12512784.en |access-date=13 November 2021}} Database entry includes a range map and a brief justification of why this species is of least concern


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1315021}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1315021}}

Latest revision as of 19:49, 10 December 2024

Erhard's wall lizard
Photographed on Santorini
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Lacertidae
Genus: Podarcis
Species:
P. erhardii
Binomial name
Podarcis erhardii
(Bedriaga, 1882)
Synonyms[2]
  • Lacerta muralis fusca var. erhardii
    Bedriaga, 1882
  • Podarcis erhardi
    — Engelmann et al., 1993
  • Podarcis erhardii
    — Kroniger & Zawadzki, 2005

Erhard's wall lizard (Podarcis erhardii), also commonly called the Aegean wall lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is endemic to Southeast Europe.

Etymology

[edit]

The specific name, erhardii, is in honor of a certain Dr. D. Erhard (first name unknown), a German naturalist, who was the author of Fauna der Cycladen (1858).[3]

Geographic range

[edit]

P. erhardii is found in the Balkan peninsula and the Aegean islands. On the mainland it ranges from Albania, North Macedonia, extreme southern Serbia and southern Bulgaria to the northeastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece.[1] In the Aegean archipelago it does not occur in Milos or the surrounding islands, where it is replaced by the Milos wall lizard.[citation needed]

Description

[edit]
Male Erhard's wall lizard with net-like patterning
Erhard's wall lizard on Santorini
Erhard's wall lizard in Parnitha

The snout-to-vent length (SVL) of P. erhardii is about 7 cm (2.8 in), and the tail is twice as long. The head is rather wide, and the skin is smooth. The colour and patterning of this species vary a lot. The main colour is typically grey or brown, sometimes green. Females particularly are often striped. On the edges of the back two white stripes border two dark stripes or spotty lines. In the middle of the back may be a dark line. Some males have net-like patterning, where longitudinal and transverse lines and spots mix. The belly and often throat are white, yellow, orange or red, and in the Aegean Islands also green, blue or grey. The belly is never spotty, but sometimes there are blue spots on the hind legs.[citation needed]

Habitat

[edit]

Erhard's wall lizard lives in dry or rocky places with dense, low bushes. It climbs very well. The lizard populations in the Aegean archipelago inhabit open places, like plant-covered dunes, as well.[citation needed]

Diet

[edit]

Erhard's wall lizard eats arthropods, especially insects.[citation needed]

Reproduction

[edit]

P. erhardii mates in spring, and lays eggs at the beginning of the summer. The young lizards hatch in September, then measuring 3 cm (1.2 in).[citation needed]

Behaviour

[edit]

P. erhardii chooses backgrounds that match its colour to enhance camouflage against avian predators in its natural habitat.[4]

Subspecies

[edit]

Although 28 subspecies of P. erhardii have been described and considered valid, Sindaco & Jeremčenko (2008) consider only four subspecies to be valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.[2]

Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Podarcis.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Bowles, P.; Crnobrnja-Isailović, J. (2024). "Podarcis erhardii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024: e.T207598021A137855176. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  2. ^ a b Species Podarcis erhardii at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
  3. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Podarcis erhardii, p. 85).
  4. ^ Marshall, Kate L. A.; Philpot, Kate E.; Stevens, Martin (2016-01-25). "Microhabitat choice in island lizards enhances camouflage against avian predators". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 19815. doi:10.1038/srep19815. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4726299. PMID 26804463.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Arnold EN, Burton JA (1978). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe. London: Collins 272 pp. + Plates 1-40. ISBN 0-00-219318-3. (Podarcis erhardii, p. 171 + Plate 31 + Map 90).
  • Bedriaga J (1882). "Die Amphibien und Reptilien Griechenlands ". Bulletin de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou 56 (2): 43-103. (Lacerta muralis fusca var. erhardii, new variation, p. 99). (in German).
  • Čihař, Jiří (1994). Amphibians and Reptiles: A Magna Field Guide. Wigston, England: Magna Books. 192 pp. ISBN 1-85422-788-2.
  • Sindaco, Roberto; Jeremčenko, Valery K. (2008). The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic. 1. Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Turtles, Crocodiles, Amphisbaenians and Lizards of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia. (Monographs of the Societas Herpetologica Italica). Latina, Italy: Edizioni Belvedere. 580 pp. ISBN 978-88-89504-14-7.
[edit]
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