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{{Short description|Killing of landless farmers by police in Brazil in 1996}}
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[[File:Eldorado dos Carajas massacre by Latuff2.jpg|thumb|240px| Drawing by political cartoonist [[Carlos Latuff]] depicting the massacre ]]
{{use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
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The '''Eldorado dos Carajás massacre''' ({{IPA-pt|mɐˈsakɾi dʒi ɛwdoˈɾaðu ðus kɐɾɐˈʒas}}) was the killing of nineteen landless [[farmers]] who were invading a private ranch. They were shot by [[Military Police (Brazil)|military police]] on April 17, 1996, in the southern region of the [[Pará]] state, [[Brazil]].
{{Infobox event
| title = Eldorado do Carajás massacre<!-- Title to display, if other than page name -->
| image = Eldorado dos Carajas massacre by Latuff2.jpg
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
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| caption = Drawing by political cartoonist [[Carlos Latuff]] depicting the massacre
| native_name = Massacre de Eldorado do Carajás
| native_name_lang = pt
| english_name = Eldorado do Carajás massacre
| time =
| timezone =
| duration = <!-- {{duration|h=x|m=x|s=x}} or {{time interval|date1|date2|options}} -->
| date = {{start date|1996|04|17}}
| venue =
| location = Highway PA-150, [[Eldorado do Carajás]], [[Pará]], Brazil
| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|region:XXXX_type:event|display=inline,title}} -->
| also_known_as =
| type = Massacre
| theme =
| cause = Police brutality
| motive =
| target = Peaceful protesters of the [[Landless Workers' Movement|Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra]] (MST)
| perpetrator = [[Military Police (Brazil)|Brazilian military police]]
| participants =
| outcome =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| reported deaths = 19
| reported injuries = 69
| burial =
| displaced =
| inquiries =
| inquest =
| coroner =
| arrests =
| suspects =
| accused =
| convicted =
| charges =
| trial =
| verdict =
| convictions =
| sentence = May 7, 2012, two commanders jailed
| publication_bans =
| litigation =
| notes =
}}
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The '''Eldorado do Carajás massacre''' ({{IPA|pt|mɐˈsakɾi dʒi ɛwdoˈɾadu du kɐɾɐˈʒas}}) was the mass killing of 19 landless [[farmers]] who were taking part in a peaceful protest. They were shot by [[Military Police (Brazil)|military police]] on April 17, 1996, in the southern region of the [[Pará]] state, Brazil.


==Description==
⚫
On April 17, 1996, 19 members of the [[Landless Workers' Movement|Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra]] (Landless Workers Movement) or MST were shot by [[Pará]] state [[military police]] at the "S" curve of highway PA-150 in Eldorado dos Carajás municipality, in southern Pará state. These people were part of a demonstration calling for the federal appropriation of a private ranch where the MST had mounted a camp called "Macaxeira" with almost 3000 families.
{{further|Landless Workers' Movement}}
⚫
On April 17, 1996, 19 members of the [[Landless Workers' Movement|Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra]] (Landless Workers Movement, or MST) were shot dead, and 69 more injured, by [[Pará]] state [[military police]] at the "S" curve of highway PA-150 in Eldorado do Carajás municipality, in southern Pará state.<ref name=monstrous/> These people were part of a demonstration calling for the federal appropriation of a private ranch where the MST had mounted a camp called "Macaxeira" with almost 3000 families.


On the orders of the state secretary of public security, Paulo Sette Câmara, the police were ordered to clear the highway "at any cost"<ref>[https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR19/019/2006/en/dom-AMR190192006en.html Amnesty.org Library]</ref>
On the orders of the state secretary of public security, Paulo Sette Câmara, the police were ordered to clear the highway "at any cost".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170723113016/http://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/AMR19/019/2006/en/ Amnesty.org Library]</ref>


==Designation as a massacre==
==Designation as a massacre==
The [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] word [[massacre]] has been used repeatedly and consistently in the Brazilian press to describe the shooting deaths of these farmers. There are well over 100 Brazilian news internet sites which use the exact phrase "massacre de Eldorado de Carajás" to designate these killings.
The [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] word [[massacre]] (''chacina'') has been used repeatedly and consistently in the Brazilian press to describe the shooting deaths of these farmers. There are well over 100 Brazilian news internet sites which use the exact phrase "chacina de Eldorado de Carajás" to designate these killings.{{cn|date=March 2024}}

==Conviction==
⚫
On May 7, 2012, sixteen years after the event, the two commanders of the Eldorado do Carajas massacre, in which 19 people were killed, were finally jailed.{{cn|date=March 2024}}


==Aftermath the Event==
⚫
On the 7th of May 2012, sixteen years after the event, the two commanders of the Eldorado dos Carajas massacre, in which 19 people were killed, are finally jailed.
==Remembrance==
==Remembrance==
The President of the Brazilian [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil|Chamber of Deputies]], [[Arlindo Chinaglia]], gave a speech to remember the horror of the "Massacre de Eldorado de Carajás" in Brasília on 17 April 2008, to mark the 12th year after the massacre. See: "Chinaglia afirma que Massacre de Eldorado dos Carajás é o maior contra trabalhadores brasileiros".
The President of the Brazilian [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil|Chamber of Deputies]], [[Arlindo Chinaglia]], gave a speech to remember the horror of the Massacre de Eldorado de Carajás in [[Brasília]] on 17 April 2008, to mark the 12th year after the massacre.<ref>{{cite web | last=Foco | first=Congresso em | title=Manchetes dos jornais de hoje – 18abr2008 | website=Congresso em Foco | date=18 April 2008 | url=https://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/projeto-bula/reportagem/manchetes-dos-jornais-de-hoje-18abr2008/ | language=pt | access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>


==References==
==In the arts==
Swiss theatre director and political activist [[Milo Rau]], then artistic director of [[NTGent]] in Belgium, travelled with his team to Pará, In collaboration with the MST, they created a performance called ''[[Antigone in the Amazon]]'', an [[allegorical]] play about the impact of the modern state and impact on traditional land rights, which causes huge displacements of people and devastation of culture. Scenes were filmed in Brazil, and the performance combines storytelling, music, film, and theatre, to illustrate its themes of [[political protest]], state brutality, and heroism, based on [[Sophocles]]' play ''[[Antigone (Sophocles play)|Antigone]]''; a [[Greek tragedy]] transposed to a modern village in the Amazon.<ref name=af2024prog>{{cite web| url=https://www.adelaidefestival.com.au/media/nvvfuf3t/af24-text-only-program-antigone-in-the-amazon.pdf| publisher=[[Adelaide Festival]]| date=2024| title=Antigone in the Amazon: Digital program}}</ref> There is filmed re-enactment of the Eldorado do Carajás massacre.<ref name=monstrous>{{cite web | title="Much is monstrous" – Milo Rau's Antigone in the Amazon (May 13, 2023) | website=Lost Dramaturgin International | date=16 May 2023 | url=https://lostdramaturgininternational.wordpress.com/2023/05/16/much-is-monstrous-milo-raus-antigone-in-the-amazon-may-13-2023/ | access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Acclaimed director Milo Rau brings 'Antigone' to the Amazon | website=France 24 | date=21 April 2023 | url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230421-acclaimed-director-milo-rau-brings-antigone-to-the-amazon | access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref> The play premiered in May 2023, before going on tour in Europe.<ref name=cappelle>{{cite web | last=Cappelle | first=Laura | title='Antigone in the Amazon' Review: The Drama Is Brazil's Land War | website=[[The New York Times]] | date=15 May 2023 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/15/theater/antigone-in-the-amazon-review.html | access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Antigone in the Amazon | website=NTGent | date=22 January 2024 | url=https://www.ntgent.be/en/productions/antigone-in-the-amazon | access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=International Institute of Political Murder » Antigone in the Amazon | website=International Institute of Political Murder | date=17 April 1996 | url=https://international-institute.de/en/antigone-in-the-amazon-wt/ | access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref> The play is performed in several languages, with English subtitles for its 2024 run at the [[Adelaide Festival]] in [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]], in March 2024.<ref name=af2024>{{cite web | title=Antigone in the Amazon | website=Adelaide Festival | url=https://www.adelaidefestival.com.au/events/antigone-in-the-amazon/ | access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref>
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{{Reflist}}
[https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr19/016/1996/es/#TCM Amnesty.org Library]


==See also==
==See also==
*[[1989 Santa Elmira massacre]]
*[[1989 Santa Elmira massacre]]
*[[2017 Santa Lúcia massacre]]
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*[[List of massacres in Brazil]]


==References==
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{{coord missing|Brazil}}
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{{Reflist}}


==External links==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Eldorado dos Carajas massacre}}
*{{cite web | last=Barbosa | first=Catarina | title=25 anos após Massacre de Eldorado do Carajás, violência no campo dispara no Brasil | website=Brasil de Fato | date=17 April 2021 | url=https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2021/04/17/25-anos-apos-massacre-de-eldorado-dos-carajas-violencia-no-campo-dispara-no-brasil | language=pt}}
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[[Category:Massacres in Brazil]]
*[https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr19/016/1996/es/#TCM "Brasil: Posibles ejecuciones extrajudiciales y temor por la seguridad: Campesinos sin tierra del estado de Pará"] on [[Amnesty.org]] Library
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[[Category:1996 in Brazil]]
*[http://g1.globo.com/globo-news/arquivo-n/videos/v/arquivo-n-os-20-anos-do-massacre-de-eldorado-dos-carajas/4955429/ Os 20 anos do massacre de Eldorado do Carajás] (video)


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{{coord missing|Pará}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Eldorado do Carajas massacre}}
[[Category:April 1996 crimes]]
[[Category:1996 murders in Brazil]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1996]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1996]]
[[Category:Massacres in 1996]]
[[Category:1996 mass shootings in South America]]
[[Category:Mass shootings in Brazil]]
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[[Category:Massacres in Brazil]]
[[Category:Pará]]
[[Category:Pará]]
[[Category:Police brutality in Brazil]]
[[Category:Police brutality in South America]]
[[Category:Crimes committed by law enforcement]]
[[Category:Massacres of protesters in South America]]
[[Category:20th-century mass murder in Brazil]]

Latest revision as of 23:53, 10 December 2024

Eldorado do Carajás massacre
Drawing by political cartoonist Carlos Latuff depicting the massacre
Native name Massacre de Eldorado do Carajás
English nameEldorado do Carajás massacre
DateApril 17, 1996 (1996-04-17)
LocationHighway PA-150, Eldorado do Carajás, Pará, Brazil
TypeMassacre
CausePolice brutality
TargetPeaceful protesters of the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST)
PerpetratorBrazilian military police
Deaths19
Non-fatal injuries69
SentenceMay 7, 2012, two commanders jailed

The Eldorado do Carajás massacre (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐˈsakɾi dʒi ɛwdoˈɾadu du kɐɾɐˈʒas]) was the mass killing of 19 landless farmers who were taking part in a peaceful protest. They were shot by military police on April 17, 1996, in the southern region of the Pará state, Brazil.

Description

[edit]
Further information: Landless Workers' Movement

On April 17, 1996, 19 members of the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (Landless Workers Movement, or MST) were shot dead, and 69 more injured, by Pará state military police at the "S" curve of highway PA-150 in Eldorado do Carajás municipality, in southern Pará state.[1] These people were part of a demonstration calling for the federal appropriation of a private ranch where the MST had mounted a camp called "Macaxeira" with almost 3000 families.

On the orders of the state secretary of public security, Paulo Sette Câmara, the police were ordered to clear the highway "at any cost".[2]

Designation as a massacre

[edit]

The Portuguese word massacre (chacina) has been used repeatedly and consistently in the Brazilian press to describe the shooting deaths of these farmers. There are well over 100 Brazilian news internet sites which use the exact phrase "chacina de Eldorado de Carajás" to designate these killings.[citation needed]

Conviction

[edit]

On May 7, 2012, sixteen years after the event, the two commanders of the Eldorado do Carajas massacre, in which 19 people were killed, were finally jailed.[citation needed]

Remembrance

[edit]

The President of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies, Arlindo Chinaglia, gave a speech to remember the horror of the Massacre de Eldorado de Carajás in Brasília on 17 April 2008, to mark the 12th year after the massacre.[3]

In the arts

[edit]

Swiss theatre director and political activist Milo Rau, then artistic director of NTGent in Belgium, travelled with his team to Pará, In collaboration with the MST, they created a performance called Antigone in the Amazon, an allegorical play about the impact of the modern state and impact on traditional land rights, which causes huge displacements of people and devastation of culture. Scenes were filmed in Brazil, and the performance combines storytelling, music, film, and theatre, to illustrate its themes of political protest, state brutality, and heroism, based on Sophocles' play Antigone; a Greek tragedy transposed to a modern village in the Amazon.[4] There is filmed re-enactment of the Eldorado do Carajás massacre.[1][5] The play premiered in May 2023, before going on tour in Europe.[6][7][8] The play is performed in several languages, with English subtitles for its 2024 run at the Adelaide Festival in Adelaide, South Australia, in March 2024.[9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b ""Much is monstrous" – Milo Rau's Antigone in the Amazon (May 13, 2023)". Lost Dramaturgin International. May 16, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
  2. ^ Amnesty.org Library
  3. ^ Foco, Congresso em (April 18, 2008). "Manchetes dos jornais de hoje – 18abr2008". Congresso em Foco (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 19, 2024.
  4. ^ "Antigone in the Amazon: Digital program" (PDF). Adelaide Festival. 2024.
  5. ^ "Acclaimed director Milo Rau brings 'Antigone' to the Amazon". France 24. April 21, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
  6. ^ Cappelle, Laura (May 15, 2023). "'Antigone in the Amazon' Review: The Drama Is Brazil's Land War". The New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
  7. ^ "Antigone in the Amazon". NTGent. January 22, 2024. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
  8. ^ "International Institute of Political Murder » Antigone in the Amazon". International Institute of Political Murder. April 17, 1996. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
  9. ^ "Antigone in the Amazon". Adelaide Festival. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
[edit]


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